Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Automotive Systems
Broadly an automobile can be divided in to following main systems. 1. Body & Chassis 2. Engine and related Systems 3. Transmission 4. Braking System 5. Steering System 6. Suspension System 7. Heating and Air Conditioning System 8. Safety Systems
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien 3
CHASSIS
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien 4
1. Conventional Construction.
1. Body and frame are separate. 2. Eg. Trucks.
CLASSIFICATION OF CHASSIS
Based on Control
1. Conventional Chassis.
Engine is in front, driver sits behind the engine.
Conventional Chassis
SPRINTER - MERCEDES
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien 10
11
FRAME
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien
12
TYPES OF FRAMES
1.Conventional frame 2.Integral frame 3.Semi integral frame
14
Conventional Frame
It has two long side members and 5 to 6 cross members joined together with the help of rivets and bolts.
Frame sections used: a. Solid round or rectangular cross section. b. Enclosed thin wall hollow round or rectangular box type. c. Open Channeling such as C, I or top hat Chassis, Frame and Body sections. G P Kurien 15
Conventional Frame
16
Integral Frame
1. Used in most of the cars. 2. There is no frame and all the assembly units are attached to the body. 3. All the functions of the frame carried out by the body itself. 4. Due to elimination of long frame it is cheaper and less weight. 5. Disadvantage: Repairing is difficult.
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien 17
Integral Frame
18
2. Longitudinal Torsion.
Due to action of diagonally opposite forces. Due to road irregularities, bumps.
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien
20
4. Horizontal Lozenging.
Due to road obstacles Cause the rectangular frame to distort to a parallelogram.
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien 21
Frame construction
A Longitudinal member B Cross Member. C Brackets supporting body. E Brackets supporting springs.
23
BODY
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien
25
Body Construction
There exists 2 main ways of automobile construction
1. 2. The Chassis and Body method & The Monocoque method.
27
Body Construction
The Monocoque method.
No ladder frame Suspension, steering etc. are all bolted directly to the body, the body is thus made sturdier. Makes vehicle solid Less rattles and squeaks Handling is better lesser load carrying capacity Highly suitable for passenger cars
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien 28
Body Shapes
No hard & fast rules for classification as new segments and sub segments keep emerging Broad classifications of the vehicles. SUV MUV/MPV Pik Up Hatchback Sedan/Notchback Station Wagon/Estate Chassis, Frame and Body 3 Wheeler G P Kurien
29
1.
The engine area is separate and the passenger and boot area are enclosed together. 2. Equipped with 4 wheel drive or has as an option of 4 wheel drive. 3. Highly performance oriented. (Powerful Engine) 4. Designed for off road usage. 5. Are generally equipped with technologically advanced & luxury features. Chassis, Frame and Body Examples in India: Scorpio, Tucson, Pajero, Safari, CR-V G P Kurien
30
MPV / MUV
1. Two versions
1. 2. Engine, passenger area and boot area enclosed together. Passenger and boot area enclosed with separate engine area
2.
3. 4.
Pick Up
1. 2. 3. 4.
They have a separate engine area, a passenger area and a large loading area. Large tyres High load carrying capacity Good ground clearance. Examples in India: Bolero Pik-Up, Bolero Camper Maxx Maxi Truck, 207 DI,
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien 32
Hatchback
1.
2.
3. 4.
Luggage area merged the passenger area behind the rear seats.
The luggage area is generally smaller than notchback. 5 doors (4 passenger doors + hatchback) or 3 doors (2 passenger doors + hatchback)
Chassis, Frame and Body Examples in India: Santro, Getz, Palio, Indica etc. G P Kurien 33
Sedan / Notchback
1.
2.
34
1. 2.
Much like hatchback Large luggage area extended till the roof
3 Wheelers
Generally employed as rickshaws or goods carriers Separate area for driver with a comparatively larger area for passengers or goods
Basic Terminologies
53
Ground Clearance
Distance between the ground and lowest portion of the bottom of a vehicle Can also be measured at other points on the vehicle. Avoids scraping the bottom of the vehicle body on rough roads and terrain.
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien 54
Tread
Front Tread
Rear Tread
Distance between the front or rear wheels measured from the tyres center point.
55
Wheel Base
Wheel Base
Distance between the center of the front wheels and the center of the rear wheels.
A longer wheel base generally leads to more passenger space, and results in enhanced vehicle stability at high Chassis, Frame and Body speeds G P Kurien
56
Turning Radius
Turning Radius
Smallest Radius in which car can turn. Lower turning radius improves the maneuverability of the car
ENGINE MOUNTING
58
59
60
61
62
LOCATION OF ENGINE
1. FRONT MOUNTED ENGINE WITH REAR WHEEL DRIVE. 2. FRONT MOUNTED ENGINE WITH FRONT WHEEL DRIVE. 3. REAR MOUNTED ENGINE WITH REAR WHEEL DRIVE.
Chassis, Frame and Body G P Kurien 63
64
65
2. Higher ground clearance required to provide space for propeller shaft. 3. Car body space is taken up by gear box, tunnel for propeller shaft. 4. Weight transfer during braking to front wheels decreased braking effort 5. When stuck in mud,Frame and Body to drive difficult Chassis, away. G P Kurien
67
68
FRONT MOUNTED ENGINE WITH FRONT WHEEL DRIVE: ADVANTAGES 1. Maximum body space; Flat and lower floor line. 2. Road adhesion and acceleration are improved due to concentration of engine and transmission on the front driving wheels. 3. Elimination of propeller shafts provide use of low floor profile; lower CG of veh. 4. Capable of driving out of pot holes and loose soil more easily. Chassis, Frame and handling of 5. Due to forward C Gof G, Body P Kurien 69
71