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Linux l m t h i u hnh m n gu n m v mi n ph. B t c ai cng c th sao chp, tuyn truy n, phn tn, vi t l i v pht tri n h i u hnh ny. C ng v i kh nng lin k t m ng r ng kh p v ton c u nh hi n nay, b t c ai cng c th ti p c n, nghin c u, tm hi u h i u hnh Linux .Linux c Linus a ra trn n n t ng c b n l PC (c th l Intel 80386) v do , Linux l h i u hnh PC chnh g c. , Linux nhanh chng pht tri n trn th gi i PC, dnh cho m i ng i, m i nh, khng phn bi t l a tu i, trnh , ng c p. Ngy nay, m t c u b 10 tu i m i b t u h c l p trnh cng c th t o ra cho mnh h n m t h i u hnh hon ch nh! Do , Linux c th ni l PC UNIX, m t h i u hnh chuyn cho PC. c i m c b n ny c l l m t trong nh ng nguyn nhn chnh d n n s bng n c a Linux nh hi n nay. C th c hng tri u chuyn gia l p trnh cng ng th i nghin c u v pht tri n Linux. c th c hng trm cng ty thng mai a ra th tr ng cc h i u hnh "ki u Linux" khc nhau, nhng t t c chng u c chung v th ng nh t m t li c a h i u hnh, l Linux. Bn c nh Linux cn hn c m t chng trnh mi n ph, n l m t ph n m m v i m ngu n m (open-source software). i u ny c ngha l b n khng nh ng c trong tay m t h i u hnh m b n cn c th tu bi n m ngu n cho ph h p v i nh ng ng d ng c a b n. B n c th s d ng Linux vo m i lnh v c nh:ngn hng ,h c t p nghin c u,kinh doanh,an ninh,y t ..

Cc l nh v c ng d ng c a Linux:
TRONG LNH V C KINH DOANH: V i u th chi ph r , n nh v kh nng b o m t cao, Linux ang d n chi m u th trn th tr ng chu u Ngy cng c nhi u t ch c thng m i ch n dng Linux ng b thay v t i v tri n khai n m t cch l t .H i u hnh ny c coi l m t gi i php doanh nghi p v nhi u t p on l n nh Computer Associates, HP, IBM v Dell u h tr tri n khai Linux. b o m t c a Linux hon ton ph h p v i m c ch s d ng c p doanh nghi p, Linux hon ton l m t h i u hnh c an ninh t t v n khng b nhi u nguy c t n cng nh nh ng s n ph m khc. Li Linux 2.6 l m t b c ti n l n v tnh nng an ninh v tin c y Nhi u t p on l n cng b nh ng kho n ti t ki m kh ng l m PMNM mang l i, ng ch nh Intel gi m c 200 tri u USD do chuy n t Unix sang Linux, Amazon gi m 17 tri u USD nh ci t Linux cho cc my ch c a mnh. Cc t ch c ti chnh l n nh Credit Suisse First Boston, Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs v Charles Schwab cng ang ti n hnh chuy n m t ph n h th ng thng tin c a h sang s d ng PMNM, nh m t n d ng t i a nh ng kho ng ti t ki m trn.

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Hi n c kho ng g n 60 t ch c v cng ty ang th c hi n nhi m v phn ph i cc s n ph m h i u hnh Linux. Trong s cc cng ty l n g m c Red Hat, Debian, Caldera, Corel, Mandrake, Slackware, S.u.S.E, ... Cc cng ty ny ang ng gp tch c c vo vi c truy n b v phn tn cc phin b n c a Linux cho ng i s d ng u cu i trn ph m vi ton th gi i. Nh trnh by trn, ton b cc cng ty ny b t bu c ph i tun th cc nguyn t c c a GPL v do cc b n Linux m h bn ra s ph i c gi thnh x p x ph n ng gi v m t ph n ph b o hnh. M t CD Linux bn ra nh v y s c gi thnh ch x p x 2 - 5 USD. xem y v chi ti t v cc cng ty phn ph i Linux ny, xem thm t i trang web sau http://www.linux.org/dist/english.html. Cc d n tr c ti p ho c gin ti p lin quan n Linux. Ring cc d n ph n m m tr c ti p lin quan n h i u hnh Linux hi n c kho ng hn 100 ang th c hi n trn ph m vi ton th gi i trong t ng s g n 200 cc d n c lin quan n Linux. Cc l i th An ninh, Kinh t , Qu c phng Ngy nay vi c s d ng my tnh v n hnh m t qu c gia khng cn xa l v i chng ta n a.,do my tnh ph n m m tr thnh v n s ng cn v n hnh t n c. Khi ph n m m c nh p kh u v khng c cch no bi t m ngu n trong cc ph n m m ,m ang ch y cho cc tu, thuy n, my bay, .chng ta d g p r i ro .Khi khng th v l i ho c c p nh t chng trnh c n thi t ch v qu c gia b c m v n ph n m m b n ang dng,b n s g p r i ro. Khi qu c gia khng cho php b n s d ng cc ph n m m tin ti n m h ang s d ng,b n g p r i ro Cc l i th v An ninh, Qu c phng c a vi c s d ng m t h i u hnh ring i v i t n c c l khng c n ph i bn lu n g thm, nhng ngha c a vi c a m t h i u hnh "mi n ph" vo s d ng s mang l i l i ch kinh t to l n nh th no cho t n c th khng ph i ai cng nh n th c c v th u hi u. i u nguy hi m nh t hi n nay l chng ta (h u nh t t c , khng tr m t ai!) u qu quen v i vi c s d ng cc ph n m m c b n quy n nhng v i gi b ng 0. Ci gi m t n c s ph i tr cho thi quen ny l v cng to l n. n m t ngy no chng ta s b truy thu nh ng g m chng ta "xi" trong su t th i gian t cch y 10 nm (khi Tin h c b t u c t i Vi t nam) v s ph i tr ti n cho m i ph n m m ang v s s d ng. Ch c n lm m t con tnh n gi n cng th y ci gi kh ng khi p nh th no. V t t nhin Linux l cha kha duy nh t cho php chng ta tm c l i thot c a tnh tr ng trn..V i: S pht tri n c a Linux v t qua t m m t c a cc chuyn gia cng ngh . Nhi u qu c gia th c s tham gia vo cu c chi n v i Linux, i n hnh nh t ph i k n Trung qu c. Chnh ph Trung qu c chnh th c cng b d n pht tri n m t h i u hnh ring cho Trung qu c d a trn Linux v t tn cho h i u hnh ny l H ng K, tn ti ng Anh l Red Flag, m t c i bin t b n Red Hat. D n h i u hnh H ng K c a Trung qu c c pht tri n d a trn s h p tc gi a Vi n nghin c u ph n m m (SRI - Software Rechearch Institute) thu c Vi n Hn lm Khoa h c Trung qu c (CAS - Chinese Academy of Science) v Tr ng i h c t ng h p B c kinh. Phin b n Red-Flag Linux 1.0 ra i l n u tin vo ngy 6-1-2000 nh d u m t th i k m i c a Trung qu c n m b t v lm ch c cng ngh h i u hnh. S ki n Trung qu c

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cng b v h i u hnh v d nh s d ng chng trong ton b cc c quan chnh ph gy ch r ng ri c a d lu n trn ton th gi i.V theo nh: Cc hng phn ph i v m t s nh phn tch nh n nh: Chnh ph cc n c chu s ti p nh n h i u hnh Linux mi n ph, nh m c t gi m cc kho n chi ph v h n ch cc nguy c b o m t a ch , h tr i u h ng s tng tr ng v nhu c u ph n m m ton c u. 3.Linux v v n h c t p trong sinh vin chng ta

Th c t , vi c tm hi u v nghin c u cc ph n m m m ngu n m ni chung v Linux ni ring em l i cho sinh vin r t nhi u l i ch B qua nh ng gi tr v kinh t , vi c tm hi u Linux tr c h t em l i cho chng ta m t ci hnh r ng hn v tin h c. B n khng cn ch b b bu c trong Windows v vi c vi t cc ph n m m trong Windows. VD: H c Linux khi n b n hi u r hn th no l C u trc file : Trong Linux khng dng h th ng nh v file FAT th ng th y trong Dos hay Win m dng ext2, t b n hi u thm v cch t ch c thng tin trn a. T ch c m t ci nhn r ng hn, b n s hi u su hn v ngay c vi c pht tri n cc ng d ng trn Windows cng s c hi u qu hn Linux v cc ph n m m m ngu n m cung c p cho b n m ngu n c a chng trnh. R t nhi u trong s cc chng trnh ny c vi t b i nh ng l p trnh vin nhi u kinh nghim v c c ng ng m ngu n m trn ton th gi i ki m th . V th m c a cc chng trnh ny ch a ng m t l ng kh i ki n th c r t tinh ty hon ton ng b n c th h c h i. M t khc nh ng ti li u v cc ph n m m m ngu n m th ng r t s n, chi ti t v c c p nh t th ng xuyn(c th tham kh o www.tldp.org) . Khng h c nh ng "b m t cng ngh " trong cc s n ph m m ngu n m . Nh ng th c m c c a b n cng c th c gi i p nhanh chng thng qua cc forum c a cc nhm pht tri n m ngu n m .V v y, theo ti, i v i sinh vin ( nh t l sinh vin Vi t Nam) h c t p v nghin c u cc ph n m m m ngu n m l m t trong nh ng cch t t nh t nng cao ki n th c cho mnh. S C M NH LINUX TRONG NH NG TH C PHIM KINH I N HOLLYWOOD - 13/11/2003 V a s ng i dng, Linux c th ch c x p hng th ba sau Windows v Macintosh, nhng Linux chnh l s l a ch n s m t, c chi m trong lnh v c h a i n nh. Chnh Linux t o ra nh ng phim o t danh thu cao nh t trong m i th i i nh Lord of the Rings, Star Wars: Episode II, Harry Potter... Th t t , Hollywood b Linux ha t kh lu. Linux tr thnh h i u hnh chnh trong cc x ng s n xu t phim l n, trong chi c laptop c a nh ng tay chuyn vin h a, v chnh n t o ra nh ng th c phim hng trng miu t m t tr n Quidditch ngh t th trong phim Harry Potter, hay khung c nh lng m n tr c mi tu Titanic c a i tnh nhn Jack v Rose, cng nh cc c nh h a 3D trong b phim ho t hnh Shrek....Cc hng s n xu t phim l n cn thu chuyn gia t nng c p v t o ra nh ng chng trnh m i trong Linux ph c v nhu c u lm k x o. Linux gia nh p vo i gia nh Hollywood vo nm 1997 khi hng Digital Domain s d ng h i u hnh ny t o cc hi u ng c bi t trong b phim Titanic. T n nay, Digital Domain s d ng Linux lm hn hai t phim, bao g m c gi i th ng Oscar v hi u qu c bi t c a phim Titanic v phim What Dreams May Come. C v m a mai khi ngh r ng Linux v m ngu n m ang chi m lnh nh ng x ng phim c xem l lun s d ng nh ng cng ngh b m t, c quy n t o ra nh ng th c phim v i nh m c nh tranh v i nhau. Tuy nhin, l s th t. Hollywood

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nh n ra r ng s d ng chung m t n n t ng m (Linux) s gip h c th dnh nhi u th i gian v ti n b c hn t o ra cc hi u ng b m t. Tri ng c v i i u chng ta th ng ngh, xy d ng m t ph n m m ngu n ng b m t nh t, b n c n ph i s d ng m t h th ng m ngu n m bn d i n. L do l ch y c nh ng ph n m m b m t ngu n ng ny, b n ph i lm ch c h i u hnh c a mnh, b n ph i c quy n s a ch a, ty bi n h i u hnh theo mu n c a mnh. Windows, Mac OS X khng p ng c i u . Linux l s l a ch n s m t. Hn n a, th i gian l y u t r t nh y c m trong lnh v c kinh doanh i n nh. Nh s n xu t khng th d ng lm phim khi c m t v n nho nh trong h i u hnh h s d ng. V i m ngu n m , cc hng phim c th c l p trnh vin tc ng, s a ch a m i th , t ph n m m cho n c h i u hnh. M t vi hng phim l n, trong tr ng h p kh n c p, c th huy ng hng trm l p trnh vin Linux dnh d n tr n m c, s n sng chi n u m i lc m i ni. "Linux phim" -Titanic (Digital Domain) Harry Potter (Rhythm & Hues), A Beautiful Mind (Digital Domain), Lord of the Rings (Weta Digital, Digital Domain) Star Wars: Episode II (ILM),Lord of the Rings 2 (Weta Digital), The Time Machine (Digital Domain) ,The Matrix Reloaded (Tippett),Sinbad (DreamWorks) Cc a ch v Web site n i ti ng c a Linux g m c:

Linux Online: www.linux.org Linux International: http://www.li.org/ Linux & Internet: http://www.internet.com/ Linux Documentation Project: http://www.linuxdoc.org/ Linux magazine: www.linux-mag.org Red Hat Company: http://www.redhat.com/ Linux Expo: www.linuxexpo.net Nh ngu n m v mi n ph, H H Linux v cc ng d ng ch y trn n tng i d dng chuy n i cho cc h th ng khc nhau Hn n a, Linux cn c phn ph i v h tr b i nhi u cng ty, v v y, n u khng hi lng b n c th d dng thay i nh cung c p. Th tr ng c nh tranh n m c cc nh phn ph i Linux th ng tnh ph h tr th p hn so v i cc hng ph n m m c quy n, v m ngu n m cn c ngha b n c th t h tr cho mnh. Tuy nhin i m ng gi c a Linux khng ph i gi th p (hay mi n ph), d r ng i u ny c ngha quan tr ng trong tnh hnh kinh t hi n nay. u i m l n nh t c a ph n m m mi n ph chnh l s t do. Do b n c th d dng s d ng Linux ty theo nhu c u c a mnh