Xa m Linux

Ci t v s d ng Fedora Core 2

Bin so n: Nguy n c Knh Phin b n 1.02, ngy 31 thng 07 nm 2004

Trong th i gian bin so n ti li u ny, ti tham kh o r t nhi u h ng d n v Linux c a cc anh ch em thu c kh i Kosen Vietnam t i trang www.vcsj.net v tham kh o ki n c a m t s ng i c chuyn mn v Linux trang www.vnlinux.org. Xin c m n nh ng ng i sau y:
Bi Minh Tr ng, L Hong Nam, L H u Hong Qun, Nguy n V Hng, Tr n Trung Thnh, L H i on, Hn Th Thnh, Larry Nguy n, Nguy n i Qu, Lai Hoi Tri t, Nguy n Tn Khoa, o H i Lm, K Anh, Ph m Kim Long, H. Okumura, v nh ng ng i khc.

y l m t ti li u mi n ph. B n hon ton c th phn ph i n l i cho nh ng ng i s d ng khc ho c c th ch nh s a cho ph h p nhng ph i tun theo nh ng yu c u trong gi y php b n quy n GNU (phin b n 2 hay cc phin b n khc). Ti li u ny c pht hnh v i hy v ng r ng n s tr nn h u ch, nhng n KHNG KM THEO B T K S B O M NO, ngay c nh ng m b o ng m hi u v vi c thng m i ho hay ph i ph h p v i m t ch c th no (v n ny b n c th tham kh o gi y php GNU General Public License bi t thm chi ti t). Thng th ng, b n s nh n c m t b n sao c a gi y php GNU General Public License km theo ti li u ny; n u cha c, b n c th vi t th n a ch sau Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. c m t b n gi y php.

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M cl c
1 Gi i thi u chung 1.1 M t s phin b n Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Ci 2.1 2.2 2.3 t Fedora Core 2 Yu c u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chu n b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ci t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 5 5 5 5 7 9

3 Lm quen 4 N i m ng

5 C p nh t 10 5.1 RPM Package Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6 S d ng 6.1 Ci thm fonts ti ng Vi t v Unicode . . . . 6.2 Nh p ti ng Vi t b ng X-Unikey . . . . . . . 6.3 Duy t web b ng Mozilla . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Lin l c b ng Gaim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Nghe nh c mp3 b ng xmms . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Xem video b ng xine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 S d ng b Open Office . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 So n th o vn b n b ng Emacs/Vim/gEdit 6.8.1 Emacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8.2 Vim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8.3 gEdit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 ho b ng Gimp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10 T o nh vector b ng tgif . . . . . . . . . . . 6.11 V bi u b ng gnuplot . . . . . . . . . . . 6.12 Xem file pdf b ng Acrobat Reader . . . . . . 6.13 L p trnh C/C++ b ng gcc . . . . . . . . . 6.13.1 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.13.2 C++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.14 L p trnh Java b ng Sun J2SDK . . . . . . 11 11 11 12 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 17 18 19 19 20

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Gi i thi u chung

Linux l m t h i u hnh. V m t nguyn t c h i u hnh cng l m t ng d ng my tnh; nhng y l m t ng d ng c bi t c dng qu n l, i u ph i cc ti nguyn c a h th ng (bao g m c ph n c ng v cc ph n m m khc). Linux c pht tri n b i Linus Torvalds, d a trn h i u hnh Minix - m t h i u hnh c c u trc tng t Unix v i cc ch c nng t i thi u c dng trong d y h c. Linux l m t h i u hnh v i cc kh nng a nhi m, a tc v , a ng i dng. Sau hn m i nm pht tri n, Linux ch ng t l m t h i u hnh uy n chuy n (c th ho t ng trn nhi u lo i ph n c ng), ng tin c y v n nh. Hi n nay, Linux tr thnh h i u hnh v i m ngu n m v mi n ph d i b n quy n c a t ch c GNU (Gnus Not Unix). Linux ang l e do l n nh t i v i Microsoft Windows khi r t nhi u cc t ch c chnh ph v x nghi p trn th gi i tuyn b o n tuy t v i Windows chuy n sang dng Linux. H i u hnh Linux c dng trong h u h t h th ng my ch c a cc tr ng i h c, cao ng Nh t B n. y chng ti ch gi i thi u v Linux v nh ng thao tc c b n nh t lin quan n h i u hnh ny. Ti li u ny n m trong khun kh d n Xo m Linux, dnh cho i t ng l cc sinh vin Vi t Nam ang h c ti ng Nh t t i Tokyo chu n b v tr ng h c chuyn mn.

1.1

M t s phin b n Linux

Redhat v Fedora Core B n Linux c l l th nh hnh nh t trn th gi i, pht hnh b i cng ty Redhat. T nm 2003, Redhat Inc. chuy n h ng kinh doanh. H u t pht tri n dng s n ph m Redhat Interprise Linux (RHEL) v i m c ch thng m i, nh m vo cc cng ty, x nghi p. i v i ng i dng bnh th ng, h open m t project tn l Fedora. Redhat b ti n v m t s k s c a mnh h tr cho d n ny ng th i ku g i developers trn kh p th gi i qui t l i pht tri n Fedora Core. B n Linux c a Redhat cu i cng d ng phin b n 9.0. Version c a Fedora Core c m t 1. C th ngh i khi l FC1 tng ng Redhat 10, FC2 tng ng Redhat 11. Th c t th khc nhi u, c bi t l t FC2. WhiteBox Linux B n clone c a Redhat Enterprise Linux 3.0. Build trn source code c a RHEL b i m t nhm cc k s LA, Hoa K. Hi n nay server Nhatban.NET ang dng b n ny. SuSE Linux Made in Germany. B n Linux c c k th nh hnh chu u v B c M . Nm 2003, cng ty SuSE b ng l n Novell mua. Novell ang d c s c u t cho SuSE nh m vo enterprise users hng ginh l i th ph n t tay Redhat. B n SuSE m i nh t hi n nay l 9.1 Mandrake Linux Made in France. Cng l m t b n Linux r t th nh hnh chu u, M , v Vi t Nam. y cng l b n c u i nh t trong v n Vi t ho. Theo thng tin m i nh t ngy 22/7/2004 th qu trnh Vi t ho cho Mandrake Linux (MDK) t 85%. B n MDK m i nh t hi n nay l 10.0 Turbo Linux N i ti ng Nh t, Trung Qu c. Cng ty Turbo ang u t m nh nh m th ng tr th tr ng Linux Trung Qu c. B n Turbo m i nh t hi n nay l 10F

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Debian Linux M t ng l n n a trong lng Linux. Nhi u ng i c ki n cho r ng: ng i khng chuyn nn dng Fedora Core c th lm quen c v i nh ng k thu t m i nh t c a Linux, cn dn chuyn nghi p nn dng Debian v s n nh tuy t v i c a n. B n m i nh t: 3.0R2 Vine Linux C c k c a chu ng t i Nh t. c pht tri n trn n n Redhat 6.2. c i m c a b n ny l r t nh (duy nh t 1 a CD) v h tr ti ng Nh t 100%. Vine Linux cng c tch h p thm m t s tnh nng c a Debian v d nh apt-get. B n m i nh t hi n nay l 2.6R4. B n 3.0 s c release trong thng 8/2004. Knoppix Linux Made in Germany. B n live Linux c a chu ng nh t hi n nay. Kh i ng tr c ti p t CD m khng c n ci t vo c ng. Phin b n m i nh t l 3.4 Vietkey Linux Made in Vietnam. Hon ton khng c ti ng tm g ngoi chuy n c gi i trong cu c thi TTVN 2003. Pht tri n b i nhm Vietkey trn n n Redhat 7.2. Cng nn th cho bi t s n ph m o t gi i nh t c a TTVN n ra sao. vnlinuxCD B n live CD by Larry Nguy n. Nguyn t c c a vnlinuxCD gi ng Knoppix nhng c build trn n n Mandrake 9.2. H tr kh t t cc v n v ti ng Vi t. Cc phin b n khc Cn r t nhi u distributor khc. Cc b n t tm hi u thm. Check: Slackware, Gentoo, College, Yellow Dog, SGI, Momonga,...

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2.1

Ci t Fedora Core 2
Yu c u

c th th c hi n h t nh ng g ghi trong b n h ng d n ny, h th ng c a b n c n tho mn nh ng yu c u sau:

My c a b n ph i kh i ng c t

CD/DVD

c ng c a b n ph i cn d t nh t 6GB

t nh t 128MB RAM ng truy n internet t c cao (ADSL ho c cp quang)

2.2

Chu n b

Tr c khi ci t, c n chu n b nh ng th sau: 1. Chu n b s n 1 a DVD ho c 4 a CD FC2 2. Dng Partition Magic (trn Windows) hay m t chng trnh chia a no t o s n m t partition l n kho ng 6 n 8 GB, format d ng no cng c (fat, fat32, ext3, v.v.). T y chng ti gi nh trn my c a b n c C ci Windows, D format d ng FAT32 ch a d li u, E tr ng chu n b ci FC2 3. Ch nh s a BIOS sao cho my c th kh i ng t CD/DVD D

4. Download gi xmlinux.tbz t http://vcsj.net/xmlinux.tbz,

2.3

Ci t

Ph n ny khng trnh by th l i b o khng chu o, trnh by k qu th s b ni l r i hi. T c l ci t FC2 d nh n kem y, c theo ch d n trn mn hnh l xong! Th ny nh: 1. Nht a CD ho c DVD vo, kh i ng l i my 2. Khi boot vo CD/DVD r i th Enter m t ci b t u ci, s hi n ra m t ci mn hnh Welcome to Fedora Core. Nh n Next. 3. Language Selection: English 4. Keyboard Configuration: Japanese 5. Monitor Configuration: nguyn nh m c nh 6. Upgrade Examine: Install Fedora Core 7. Installation Type: Custom 8. Disk Partitioning Setup: Manually partition with Disk Druid

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9. Disk Setup: M c ny ph i lm th t th n tr ng n u khng ton b c ng s b format h t! Ph n a tng ng v i C nguyn. Ph n a tng ng v i D th nh n chu t vo r i nh n nt Edit, trong h p Mount Point nh p /data. Lm nh v y sau ny s dng D chung v i Windows c. Cu i cng l t i ph n a tng ng v i E. Nh n chu t ln . Nh n nt New. Ch n Mount Point l /boot, File System Type l ext3, Size (MB) l 100. Nh n OK. Nh n nt New m t l n n a. File System Type: swap, Size (MB): 512 (kho ng g p i RAM). OK. Nh n nt New l n cu i. Mount Point: /, File System Type: ext3, Addition Size Options: Fill to maximum allowable size (dng h t ton b ph n a cn l i, c 5000 n 7000 MB). Next. 10. Boot Loader Configuration: C th l a ch n Windows (DOS) ho c FC2 lm h i u hnh m c nh khi kh i ng my. nguyn Fedora Core. Next 11. Network Configuration: Next 12. Firewall Configuration: Next 13. Additional Language Support: Ch n English (USA) v Japanese. Select the default language for the system: English (USA) 14. Time Zone Selection: Asia/Tokyo (nh n chu t vo th Tokyo trn b n ) 15. Set Root Password: Nh p password cho root (root l user c bi t, c quy n t i cao i v i h th ng). Next 16. Package Installation Defaults: Customize software packages to be installed 17. Package Group Selection: Everything (ci t t c , 18. About to Install: Next 19. Cc b c cn l i c nh m c nh v nh n Next. (N h i c t o a m m kh i ng hay khng, tr l i l khng). C th m t 30 t i 60 pht. Trong th i gian ra lm ly c ph, m t qu r i... 20. Ci xong r i! My t kh i ng l i. Hon thnh n t cc b c cn l i theo ch d n tn mn hnh. Khi t o user m i th nh p tn user v password, ch l tn user ch th ng v khng c d u cch. V d : penguin, tuxedo, musketeer,... T nay tr i s login vo my b ng account v a t o, ch dng account root trong nh ng tr ng h p c bi t. c ng r bo, ti c g m y GB :)

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Lm quen

T y tr i s dng m t account gi nh l penguin, cc b n hy thay th penguin b ng account th t c a mnh. Nh m c nh, sau khi kh i ng vo FC2, b n s g p mn hnh nh d i y:

B n nh n vo ci m (Redhat) v ch n cc ng d ng t trong . (Ci m tng ng v i Start Menu c a Windows) FC2 cung c p hn 1,000 ng d ng cc lo i - t t c u mi n ph. T nay b n s ph i dng nhi u t i m t chng trnh tn l Terminal, hy t o m t icon link n Terminal theo cch sau: Nh n chu t ph i ln m t vng tr ng c a thanh cng c , ch n Add to Panel Launcher from menu System Tools Terminal Lm quen v i Terminal Nh n chu t tri vo icon Terminal trn thanh cng c ho c ch n t Redhat System Tools Terminal Th c hi n m t s l nh nh: touch foo.txt : t o m t blank file tn l foo.txt mkdir bin : t o th m c tn l bin ls : hi n th danh sch files v th m c man ls : xem cch dng l nh ls cd bin : chuy n t th m c hi n t i sang th m c bin pwd : hi n th th m c hi n hnh, bi t l mnh hi n ang cd .. : chuy n t th m c hi n hnh ln th m c c p trn su : chuy n thnh root (nh p root password) passwd : thay i password (nh p password c v password m i) u

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uname -a : hi n th tn v phin b n c a h i u hnh less foo.txt : hi n th n i dung file foo.txt ra mn hnh Terminal cp foo.txt bar.txt : copy file foo.txt ra bar.txt mv foo.txt hoge.txt : i tn file foo.txt thnh hoge.txt mv bin sbin : i tn folder bin thnh sbin rm foo.txt : xo file foo.txt rm -r bin : xo th m c bin rm -rf * : Xo t t c m i th tr ng i v i l nh ny! th m c hi n hnh m khng c n xc nh n l i. H t s c th n

ln -s foo.txt bar.txt : t o bar.txt links n foo.txt man command_name : c h ng d n chi ti t v cc l nh, ngha l g man theo sau b i tn l nh. Khi nh p tham s l nh ng file c tn di, ch vi c nh p 1, 2 ch u tin v n phm Tab, tn file s t ng c hi n th . y l tnh nng h tr r t ti n l i, v a trnh c vi c g nh m tn file, v a gi m c r t nhi u cng g bn phm. V d khi mu n copy m t file c tn l some-file-with-very-long-name.txt thnh file short-file.txt b n ch c n g cp so v nh n phm Tab, tn file some-file... s t ng c b sung. B n ch nh p thm short-file.txt l xong. Th thu t ny s pht huy tc d ng khi b n th c hi n cc ph n h ng d n sau.

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N i m ng

Khi ci t, b n Lan card (eth0) theo ch Active on Boot v t ng nh n IP do DHCP server c a ISP (Internet Service Provider) cung c p. Nh v y b n nghi m nhin c th dng c internet m khng c n c u hnh l i b t c ci g khc. ki m tra xem n i m ng cha, b n dng trnh duy t web Mozilla (nh n vo icon hnh qu a c u trn thanh cng c ho c ch n Redhat Internet Web Browser), m m t trang web no , v d yahoo.com. N u m c trang ny r i th b n c th b qua ph n N i m ng ny v c ti p cc ph n sau. Ph n sau y h ng d n cch n i m ng qua ng broadband (xDSL) theo giao th c PPPoE. 1. ng nh p v i account penguin 2. Kh i ng Terminal 3. Dng l ng su tr thnh root 4. Dng l nh /sbin/adsl-setup 5. Ph n LOGIN NAME: nh p tn user do nh ISP cung c p 6. Ph n INTERFACE: nh m c nh (default eth0), nh n Enter 7. N h i c mu n mnh mu n n i m ng th ng xuyn hay ch n i khi c n thi t, ch n stay up continuously b ng cch nh p no v Enter 8. Ph n DNS: Thng th ng ISP DNS l dynamic, nh p server v Enter 9. Ph n PASSWORD: Nh p password do ISP cung c p 10. Ph n USERCTRL: Nh p yes, Enter 11. Ph n FIREWALLING: Nh p 1, Enter 12. Ti p theo nh p yes, Enter my t ng n i m ng m i l n kh i ng 13. Cu i cng nh p y save nh ng thng tin v a nh p 14. Dng l nh /sbin/ifup ppp0 b t u n i m ng 15. Dng l nh /sbin/adsl-status /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ppp0 ki m tra xem n i m ng cha.

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C p nh t

C p nh t cc gi (packages) m i nh t l vi c c n lm ngay. update, cch n gi n nh t l dng ti n ch yum. Mu n bi t chi ti t v cch dng yum, g man yum. 1. ng nh p v i account penguin, kh i ng Terminal 2. Th c hi n l nh su tr thnh root 3. Th c hi n l nh yum update chng trnh yum t ng download v ci t nh ng gi m i nh t. Khi c h i c ng hay khng th nh n y, Enter 4. B n ph i i t 30 t i 45 pht yum c p nh t m i th . Ch : Sau khi c p nh t, b n kh i ng l i h th ng. Trong danh sch c a boot loader (grub) c th t n t i nhi u lo i Linux v i cc phin b n khc nhau. y l k t qu update kernel (nhn c a h i u hnh) b i yum. B n hy ch n kernel m i nh t (c s version cao nh t). Sau khi boot xong b n c th xo b nh ng kernel c b ng ti n ch rpm.

5.1

RPM Package Manager

RPM l ti n ch r t ti n l i qu n l (build, install, query, verify, update, erase) cc gi. Tnh d dng c a n cng l m t y u t gip cho Redhat Linux (Fedora) tr nn ph c p v khc bi t so v i cc phin b n Linux khc. Mu n bi t chi ti t v rpm, g man rpm. Sau y l m t s cch dng rpm c b n. rpm -ivh foo.rpm : Ci t gi foo (ui file l rpm) vo h th ng rpm -Uvh foo.rpm : Update gi foo rpm -qa | grep foo : Ph i h p gi a l nh rpm v l nh grep tm t t c cc gi lin quan n foo. rpm -e foo : Xo gi foo kh i h th ng

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d ng

Mu n th c hi n cc h ng d n trong ph n ny b n ph i c gi XMLinux.tbz, n u cha c, b n c th download t i http://vcsj.net/xmlinux.tbz. Sau khi download b n gi ny /home/penguin, t c l ngay d i th m c m c nh m i l n kh i ng Terminal. Ti p n b n dng l nh tar xvjf xmlinux.tbz gi i nn cc files trong gi xmlinux. Gi i nn xong b n cd xmlinux di chuy n vo trong th m c xmlinux. T y cho t i h t ph n h ng d n s d ng ny, b n th c hi n trn /home/penguin/xmlinux

6.1

Ci thm fonts ti ng Vi t v Unicode

i km v i gi XMLinux c th m c vi ch a cc font c n thi t cho vi c nh p v hi n th ti ng Vi t cng nh Unicode, bao g m: MS Arial, MS Tahoma, MS Times New Roman, MS Verdana, VN Times (TCVN), VNI Times, VPS Cn Sn (VPS), VI Times v UHoi 1.1 (VISCII), c ng v i 3 font th php c a VNI. B n ch vi c copy c th m c vi vo /usr/share/fonts v th c hi n l nh fc-cache c p nh t. C th lm nh sau: [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd xmlinux/ [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ su Password: [root@vcsj xmlinux]# cp -r vi /usr/share/fonts/ [root@vcsj xmlinux]# fc-cache /usr/share/fonts/vi/ [root@vcsj xmlinux]# exit

6.2

Nh p ti ng Vi t b ng X-Unikey

Hi n nay ph bi n hai ti n ch nh p ti ng Vi t trn Linux/Unix l xvnkb (Vietnam Keyboard for X) c a o H i Lm1 v X-Unikey c a Ph m Kim Long2 . Ty thi quen v s thch m b n c th ch n gi a xvnkb v x-unikey. C hai u xu t s c v h u nh gi i quy t tri t cc v n b ng m, cch nh p ti ng Vi t. Tc gi bi vi t ny v n quen dng xvnkb nhng y xin c gi i thi u x-unikey v r t nhi u ng i dng Windows quen v i Unikey. ci t X-Unikey, b n c th ci t b ng ti n ch rpm v i gi rpm cho X-Unikey c chu n b s n b i tc gi Nguy n i Qu. Tuy v y y ti s h ng d n b n ci X-Unikey t m ngu n, qua hy v ng b n s ph n no hi u c th no l m ngu n m . B n c th download m ngu n c a X-Unikey t website trn ho c c th dng lun b n copy i km trong gi XMLinux. C th hy lm nh sau: [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd xmlinux [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ tar xvjf x-unikey-0.9.1d.tar.bz2 [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ cd x-unikey-0.9.1d [penguin@vcsj x-unikey-0.9.1d]$ ./configure [penguin@vcsj x-unikey-0.9.1d]$ make [penguin@vcsj x-unikey-0.9.1d]$ su Password: [root@vcsj x-unikey-0.9.1d]# make install
1 2

http://xvnkb.sourceforge.net http://unikey.sourceforge.net

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[root@vcsj x-unikey-0.9.1d]# exit exit [penguin@vcsj x-unikey-0.9.1d]$ cd [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cat >> .bashrc export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 export XMODIFIERS="@im=unikey" export GTK_IM_MODULE="xim" [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ Gi i thch qua v cc b c trn nh sau: u tin b n cd tr v ~/. Sau b n chuy n n th m c xmlinux v gi i nn gi x-unikey phin b n 0.9.1d. Gi i nn xong b n c th m c x-unikey-0.9.1d, b n cd t i v th c hi n l nh ./configure. L nh ny s configure h th ng chu n b cho b c sau. B n s nhn th y hng lo t k t kh hi u c in ra mn hnh Terminal. T n vi ba giy configure. Ti p theo b n th c hi n l nh make b t u d ch chng trnh t m ngu n. Sau b n su tr thnh root v th c hi n l nh make install ci t cc file bin d ch vo h th ng. Xong ph n ny b n n m c quy trnh c b n ci t cc gi t m ngu n trn n n Unix/Linux. Ci t xong, b n c th nh p exit v nh n Enter ho c n gi n ch nh n Ctrl-D tr thnh ng i dng bnh th ng. Cu i cng b n tr v ~/, s a l i file .bashrc t l n kh i ng t i b n c th s d ng X-Unikey. B n dng l nh cat >> .bashrc ghi t t c nh ng g b n s nh p sau vo cu i file .bashrc hi n hnh (cc file b t u b ng d u . l file n). Nh p xong 3 dng export... b n thot ra b ng cch nh n Ctrl-C. B n logout ra kh i h th ng v login tr l i, kh i ng Terminal, nh p dng l nh unikey kh i ng X-Unikey. L n u tin b n c th g p m t thng bo l i l khng th y file .unikeyrc, b n khng c n ph i lo g b i file ny s t ng c t o ra n u khng t n t i, ngha l t l n sau b n s khng g p l i ny n a. Cch dng X-Unikey th ch ng khc g Unikey trn Windows. Ti quen dng ch g Telex, b ng m Unicode (TX: UTF8). Mu n ki m tra b n c th nh n chu t vo icon c a X-Unikey pha d i bn ph i mn hnh t i khi hi n th ra TX:UTF8 sau hy g ti ng Vi t vo ngay con tr c a mn hnh Terminal. Mu n m /t t vi c nh p ti ng Vi t, b n dng t h p phm Ctrl-Shift. Mu n t t h n XUnikey b n dng l nh kill pidof unikey ho c logout ra ngoi, login tr l i (Th c ra th khng c n kill unikey lm g, ch c n Ctrl-Shift)

6.3

Duy t web b ng Mozilla

i km v i FC2 c Mozilla - trnh duy t Web r t c a chu ng v l gi i php thay th MS Internet Explorer trong cc v n b o m t. (Tuy nhin g n y Mozilla cng tr thnh m c tiu t n cng c a m y a r i hi su t ngy ng i s n xu t virus v i c hack ny n ). Ngoi Mozilla ra b n cn cc l a ch n khc nh Konqueror i km v i mi tr ng windows KDE, ho c Firefox - trnh duy t a chu ng c a c nhn tc gi bi vi t ny. Sau y l cch s d ng Mozilla. B n c th nh n chu t vo hnh qu c u trn thanh cng c ho c ch n Redhat Internet Web Browser kh i ng Mozilla. M m t trang v d nh http://vnexpress.net ... ki m tra ch t l ng. Mu n thay i font ch b n c th vo m c Edit trn thanh cng c c a Mozilla r i t ch n Preferences, Appearance, Fonts thay i cc font ch m c nh thnh cc lo i font quen thu c nh Times New Roman, Verdana,... (Cc font ny c ci t nh h ng d n pha trn) 12

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Ti p n b n c n ci plugin duy t cc trang c s d ng Java Applet ho c Flash. Plugin cho Java i km v i b n Java 2 SDK ho c Java 2 JRE c a Sun. M c d ch c n ci Java 2 JRE l plugin cho Mozilla nhng y ti h ng d n b n ci Java 2 SDK v n c n dng cho vi c l p trnh Java sau ny. B n c th vo Website c a Sun download b n j2sdk cho Linux ho c s d ng lun b n copy i km v i XMLinux. (T i th i i m 19/7/2004, phin b n m i nh t l j2sdk-1_4_2_05) [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ cd [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd xmlinux/ [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ su Password: [root@vcsj xmlinux]# mv j2sdk-1_4_2_05-linux-i586.bin /usr/local/ [root@vcsj xmlinux]# cd /usr/local/ [root@vcsj local]# chmod +x j2sdk-1_4_2_05-linux-i586.bin [root@vcsj local]# ./j2sdk-1_4_2_05-linux-i586.bin Nh n Enter cho t i khi no cu h i c ng v i license terms hay khng, nh p yes. Sau J2SDK s c ci vo /usr/local/j2sdk1_4_2_05. Ti p theo b n xa j2sdk-1_4_2_05linux-i586.bin v t o m t ng link t i j2sdk1_4_2_05 b ng l nh: [root@vcsj local]# rm -f j2sdk-1_4_2_05-linux-i586.bin [root@vcsj local]# ln -s j2sdk1.4.2_05/ java Cu i cng t o Java plugin cho Mozilla b ng l nh sau: [root@vcsj]# cd /usr/local/java/jre/plugin/i386/ns610/ [root@vcsj local]#ln -s libjavaplugin_oji.so /usr/lib/mozilla-1.6/plugins/ i v i plugin cho Flash, b n c th download gi rpm cho FC2 t i http://ruslug. rutgers.edu/macromedia/site_ru.html ho c s d ng lun b n copy i km v i XMLinux. [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd xmlinux/ [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ su Password: [root@vcsj xmlinux]# rpm -ivh flash-plugin-7.0.25-1.i386.rpm Nh v y b n c th l t web cng Mozilla v i cc ch c nng Java Applet v Flash. B n cng c th ci t plugin cho Firefox theo cch tng t .

6.4

Lin l c b ng Gaim

Gaim l ti n ch gi ng nh Yahoo!Messenger nhng h tr ng th i nhi u giao th c khc nhau. B n c th dng Gaim lin l c v i b n b theo cc giao th c nh: AIM, ICQ, Yahoo!, MSN, Jabber, IRC, Napster, Gadu-Gadu v Zephyr. B t X-Unikey ln b n c th chat v i b n b b ng ti ng Vi t chu n m khng ph i c u hnh g. B n kh i ng Gaim b ng cch ch n Redhat Internet Gaim Internet Messenger. Cch dng th xin c l c b , b n s t n khng hn 2 pht c th s d ng Gaim.

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6.5

Nghe nh c mp3 b ng xmms

Xmms l trnh duy t mp3 kh n i ti ng trn n n X, c cc tnh nng gi ng nh Winamp trn Windows. xmms c km theo FC2 nhng do m t s v n v b n quy n, xmms m c nh khng chi c cc file mp3. Ph i s a l i cht nh. B n c th vo http://tettnang.freshrpms.net/rpm.html?id=296 download gi xmms m i ho c dng lun b n copy i km v i XMLinux. [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd xmlinux/ [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ su Password: [root@vcsj xmlinux]# rpm -ivh xmms-mp3-1.2.10-2.2.p.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm Kh i ng xmms b ng l nh xmms&, sau nh n chu t ph i vo m t vng no trn c a s xmms, ch n Options Preferences. Trong ph n Audio I/O Plugins nh n chu t vo MPEG Layer 1/2/3 Placeholder Plugin [lib_rhmp3.so] v g b l a ch n Enable Plugin r i Apply B n c th dng l nh xmms mp3_file m nghe mp3. Cch dng xmms c th xin c l c b v n khng khc g Winamp trn Windows c .

6.6

Xem video b ng xine

Xine l trnh duy t video kh t t v i giao di n p (http://xinehq.de). Ci xine r t n gi n: [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ su Password: [root@vcsj penguin]# yum install xine xine-skins Ngoi xine ra b n cn c nhi u l a ch n khc, v d nh mplayer. C th xem h ng d n cch ci mplayer c a Bi Minh Tr ng t i http://nhatban.net/modules.php?name=News&file= article&sid=12

6.7

d ng b Open Office

Open Office l b Office mi n ph v i cc tnh nng so n th o vn b n Writer gi ng MS Word, b ng tnh Calc gi ng MS Excel, so n phim trnh chi u Impress gi ng MS PowerPoint. B n c th dng Open Office lm vi c v i cc cng vi c vn phng dng ti ng Anh, ti ng Nh t, ti ng Vi t... Open Office cng tng thch v i MS Office. Kh i ng Open Office t cc icons trn thanh cng c ho c ch n Redhat Office {Writer, Calc, Impress,...}

6.8
6.8.1

So n th o vn b n b ng Emacs/Vim/gEdit
Emacs

Emacs l trnh so n th o vn b n n i ti ng b c nh t trong th gi i Unix/Linux. B n c th tham kh o cch dng Emacs qua h ng d n c a Bi Minh Tr ng3 . y ti ch h ng d n m t s cch dng n gi n. Kh i ng emacs b ng l nh emacs foo.txt. N u trong th m c hi n hnh c file foo.txt th emacs s m file ny, n u khng c th emacs s t o ra file foo.txt m i. Sau khi m foo.txt, cc l nh sau th ng c dng:
3

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Ctrl-h : Hi n th tr gip Ctrl-k : C t t v tr con tr t i cu i dng Ctrl-w : C t ton b o n vn b n c highlight Ctrl-p : Dn text trong buffer vo v tr con tr Ctrl-d : Xa m t k t sau v tr con tr Ctrl-x u : Undo Ctrl-x Ctrl-f : T o file m i ho c m file c s n Ctrl-x Ctrl-s : Save file Ctrl-x Ctrl-c : ng file, ng chng trnh emacs Ctrl-s : Search pattern trong file Esc-% : Thay th pattern Esc Ctrl-s : Thay th ki u bi u th c chnh quy Ctrl-g : Tr l i tr ng thi ch l nh B ng cch k t h p phm Ctrl v phm Esc (Escape), b n c th lm c m i th trong Emacs. Ch r ng Emacs khng ch n thu n l trnh so n th o vn b n m cn dng c v g i email, c tin, pht tri n ph n m m, v.v. 6.8.2 Vim

VIM (Vi IMproved) l chng trnh so n th o vn b n pht tri n t VI, cn VI l chng trnh so n th o c i n v truy n th ng c a ng i dng UNIX. Ci hay c a Vim l t c kh i ng c c nhanh, trong qu trnh so n th o l i khng t o ra cc b n backup ui gi ng Emacs. Tc gi bi ny th ng dng Vim trong h u h t cc cng vi c so n th o. Cng gi ng nh Emacs, c r t nhi u h ng d n chi ti t v cch dng VIM. B n c th tham kh o bi vi t c a Bi Minh Tr ng4 ho c bi vi t c a Hn Th Thnh5 . (Trong gi XMLinux c km theo b n copy c a vim-intro.pdf) 6.8.3 gEdit

gEdit l trnh so n th o vn b n r t ti n l i trn n n X. Kh i ng gEdit b ng l nh gedit ho c ch n Redhat Accessories Text Editor. Nh m c nh, gEdit s open v save vn b n theo b ng m Unicode (UTF-8). Mu n open ho c save vn b n b ng m khc b n lm nh sau: 1. M gEdit 2. Ch n File Save As
4 5

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3. Trong c a s Save as..., m c Character Coding ch n Add or Remove.... T c a s Character codings ch n lo i encode t c a s bn tri v Add vo c a s bn ph i. Cu i cng nh n OK. Ti thm Western ISO-8859-1 c th save cc file khi so n ti ng Vi t theo cc b ng m nh TCVN, VISCII, VPS. Khi so n vn b n v i b ng m khc UTF-8, b n c n ch n font thch h p. Thay i font b ng cch ch n Edit Preferences. Ch n Fonts & Colors v l a font thch h p t h p Editor font. V d , khi dng b ng m TCVN ti ch n font .VnTime, khi dng VISCII ti ch n VI Times ho c UHoi 1.1, khi dng VPS ti ch n VPS Cn Sn... gEdit cn cung c p nhi u plugin nh ki m tra chnh t , ch n ngn ng , th ng k vn b n, ch y command line,... B n c th s d ng cc tnh nng ny b ng cch ch n Edit Preferences r i ch n tab Plugins, check nh ng tnh nng c n thi t r i Close. T l n sau c th dng cc tnh nng trn trong menu Tools.

6.9

ho b ng Gimp

N u trn Windows c Photoshop th trn Unix/Linux c Gimp. Phin b n m i nh t Gimp 2.0 cho php b n lm c t t c nh ng g Photoshop c th ! Kh i ng Gimp b ng cch g l nh gimp ho c ch n Redhat Graphics GIMP Image Editor. Cng vi c cn l i th ph m c cho sense ngh thu t c a b n. Ch l c th s d ng ti ng Vi t t t trong Gimp.

6.10

T o nh vector b ng tgif

t o cc nh hnh h c d ng vector (tri ng c v i nh raster nh bitmap, jpeg, gif,...) b n dng Tgif. Ci t Tgif r t n gi n. B n vo http://bourbon.usc.edu:8001/tgif download gi rpm Tgif ho c c th s d ng lun b n copy km theo XMLinux. Ci t theo cch sau: [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd xmlinux/ [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ su Password: [root@vcsj xmlinux]# rpm -ivh tgif-4.1.43-1.i386.rpm Kh i ng Tgif b ng l nh tgif. V hnh xong c th save file d ng EPS (Encapsulated PostScript).

6.11

V bi u b ng gnuplot

GNUPLOT l trnh v th b ng dng l nh c i n trn Unix/Linux. B ng GNUPLOT b n c th t o ra cc bi u d ng vector ch t l ng cao ( nhng vo cc file tex ch ng h n). R t nhi u k s v nh khoa h c s d ng GNUPLOT lm chng trnh chnh th c t o bi u cho cc bo co g i h i ngh . Kh i ng GNUPLOT b ng l nh gnuplot. Sau y l h ng d n cch dng c b n nh t. 1. Chu n b m t file d li u tn l force.dat v i n i dung nh sau (file ny c i km XMLinux). Save file ny vo d i th m c xmlinux, th c hi n cc l nh d i y xmlinux. # This file is called force.dat # Force-Deflection data for a beam and a bar # Deflection Col-Force Beam-Force 16

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0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.0031 0.004 0.0041 0.005 0.010 0.020

0 104 202 298 290 289 291 310 311 280

0 51 101 148 149 201 209 250 260 240

2. Kh i ng gnuplot (g l nh gnuplot) 3. T prompt c a gnuplot (d u >), g splot -x**3 -y, ti p theo g splot sin(x)*cos(y), cu i cng l plot sin(x) title Sine Function, tan(x) title Tangent. B n s th y c s ti n l i c a GNUPLOT khi v cc th ton h c ki u z = x3 y, z = sin x cos y,... 4. V th t d li u chu n b tr c b ng l nh set title "Force Deflection Data for a Beam and a Column" set xlabel "Deflection (meters)" set ylabel "Force (kN)" set key 0.01,100 set label "Yield Point" at 0.003,260 set arrow from 0.0028,250 to 0.003,280 set xr [0.0:0.022] set yr [0:325] plot "force.dat" using 1:2 title Column with linespoints , \ "force.dat" using 1:3 title Beam with points > set terminal postscript eps color > set output "force.eps" > replot B ng cch trn b n c th t o ra c file force.eps v i th nh hnh 1 Cch dng GNUPLOT chi ti t b n c th tham kh o Google v search Gnuplot Tutorial r t nhi u trang web. Ch c n vo > > > > > > > > >

6.12

Xem file pdf b ng Acrobat Reader

Trong FC2 c nh ng chng trnh xem PDF r t t t nh ggv ho c xpdf, ti h ng d n thm cch dng Acrobat Reader v d u sao n cng quen thu c, nhi u tnh nng, v d dng i v i nh ng b n th ng lm vi c v i Windows. [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj Password: [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ penguin]$ xmlinux]$ xmlinux]$ cd cd xmlinux/ tar xvzf linux-508.tar.gz su

xmlinux]# ./INSTALL 17

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Force Deflection Data for a Beam and a Column

300 Yield Point

250

200 Force (kN)

150

100

Column Beam

50

0.005

0.01 Deflection (meters)

0.015

0.02

Hnh 1: V th b ng GNUPLOT

Nh n Enter m t h i cho t i khi n h i mnh accept hay decline v i cc i u kho n s d ng, nh p accept v Enter. N s h i mnh c ng ci vo /usr/local/Acrobat5 hay khng, ng b ng cch nh n Enter. Ti p theo ph i ci thm m y font ti ng Nh t. [root@vcsj xmlinux]# tar xvzf jpnfont5x.tar.gz [root@vcsj xmlinux]# cd JPNKIT/ [root@vcsj JPNKIT]# ./INSTLANG Khi c h i l c mu n Continue installation hay khng th tr l i c b ng cch nh n Enter. Ti p n nh p accept, Enter ch p nh n i u ki n s d ng. L i nh n Enter ti p khi c h i v ch ci t. V n cha xong. [root@vcsj [root@vcsj [root@vcsj [root@vcsj [root@vcsj JPNKIT]# cd .. xmlinux]# tar xvzf jpnfont4x.tar.gz xmlinux]# cd JPNKIT/ JPNKIT]# tar xvf LANGJPN.TAR JPNKIT]# mv CIDFont/Heisei* /usr/local/Acrobat5/Resource/Font/

Cu i cng l t o m t ng link t i acrobat ti n vi c kh i ng. [root@vcsj JPNKIT]# ln -s /usr/local/Acrobat5/bin/acroread /usr/bin/acroread T nay c th dng Acrobat Reader b ng cch g l nh acroread foo.pdf, ngha l dng Acrobat Reader xem file foo.pdf

6.13

L p trnh C/C++ b ng gcc

Gcc (GNU Compiler Collection) l m t t p h p cc th vi n (glibc, libgcc, ...), preprocessor (cpp0), assembler (as), compiler (cc1), linker (collect2 or /usr/bin/ld),... dng pht tri n cc chng trnh C/C++. Gcc th m ch cn h tr c Java cng nh m t s ngn ng khc. y ti ch trnh by cch dng s ng nh t bin d ch v ch y m t chng trnh C/C++ trn Linux. 18

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6.13.1

Dng Emacs, Vim, ho c gEdit so n m t file tn l hello.c nh sau, save vo th m c ~/xmlinux: #include <stdio.h> main() { printf("Xin chao C!\n"); } Ti p theo b n bin d ch file hello.c v ch y th nh sau: [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj Xin chao C! [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ penguin]$ xmlinux]$ xmlinux]$ xmlinux]$ cd cd xmlinux/ cc hello.c ./a.out

B n c th thay l nh cc b ng l nh gcc v th c t th cc ch l m t link c a gcc. B n dng gcc (hay cc) bin d ch cc file C. Theo m c nh output file s l m t file executable tn l a.out. Mu n t o ra file khc b n thm option -o file_name vo nh sau [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ cc -o hello hello.c [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ ./hello Xin chao C! [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ 6.13.2 C++

Dng Emacs, Vim, ho c gEdit so n m t file tn l hello.cpp nh sau, save vo th m c ~/xmlinux: #include <iostream> using namespace std; main() { cout << "Hello C++!\n"; } Ti p theo b n bin d ch file hello.cpp v ch y th nh sau: [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj Hello C++! [penguin@vcsj xmlinux]$ penguin]$ xmlinux]$ xmlinux]$ xmlinux]$ cd cd xmlinux/ g++ -o hi hello.cpp ./hi

B n ch , dng g++ bin d ch cc file C++.

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6.14

L p trnh Java b ng Sun J2SDK

Java l m t th i th ng hi n nay! H u h t cc cng ty s n xu t ph n m m c a Nh t u dng Java nh m t ngn ng chnh. B n c th xin c vi c lm v IT d dng n u s d ng c Java. Ph n ny h ng d n nh ng thao tc c b n b t u tu luy n th ngn ng hi n i v siu m nh ny. Trong ph n ci plugin cho Mozilla b n ci J2SDK vo th m c /usr/local/java. B n c n ch nh s a m t cht c th bin d ch v ch y cc file java. Tr c h t c n thm vo bi n mi tr ng PATH ng d n n bin c a java. [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ su Password: [root@vcsj penguin]# cat >> /etc/profile PATH=/usr/local/java/bin:$PATH export PATH [root@vcsj penguin]# exit [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ source /etc/profile [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ Nh p xong dng export PATH b n nh n Ctrl-C k t thc vi c bin so n file /etc/profile, ti p nh n Ctrl-D tr l i lm penguin. B n th c hi n l nh source /etc/profile ph n nh nh ng thay i i v i file /etc/profile. ki m tra xem Java c c ci t chu n hay khng b n g java -version c k t qu tng t nh sau (v i s version m i hn): [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ java -version java version "1.4.2_03" Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.4.2_03-b02) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.4.2_03-b02, mixed mode) [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ Ti p theo b n chu n b m t file tn l Hello.java (ch H vi t hoa) v save l /home/penguin/) class Hello { public static void main (String args[]) { System.out.println("Hello Java!"); } } Bin d ch v ch y th file trn nh sau: [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj Hello Java! [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd penguin]$ javac Hello.java penguin]$ java Hello penguin]$ th m c ~/ (t c

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Xem trong th m c hi n hnh (b ng l nh ls) b n s th y m t file Hello.class c t o ra. chnh l class file c a Java. B n dng l nh java class_file ch y chng trnh (c th l c b ui .class). Ch thm l tn file (khng c ui .java) ph i gi ng tn class!. V d n u b n t o m t class l Hello th tn file ph i l Hello.java. Khi bin d ch, javac (Java Compiler) tham chi u bi n mi tr ng CLASSPATH tm cc th vi n (th c ch t l t p h p nh ng file *.class c bin d ch s n thnh cc gi v c nn d i d ng *.jar). v d trn, b n khng tham chi u m t th vi n no nn khng c n ch nh classpath, tuy v y, trong nh ng ng d ng Java ph c t p hn m t cht, CLASSPATH l khng th thi u. Cch n gi n nh t l t o bi n mi tr ng CLASSPATH tr n cc th vi n (*.jar) i theo J2SDK. Lm nh sau: [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ su Password: [root@vcsj penguin]# cat >> /etc/profile JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java CLASSPATH=./:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH [root@vcsj penguin]# exit [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ source /etc/profile [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ B n c th ch nh ng d n n th vi n c n tham chi u b ng cch thm tham s -classpath vo dng l nh c a javac. Th c hi n l nh man javac bi t cch dng javac. Ph n d i y h ng d n chi ti t hn v cch vi t package, cch bin d ch... Gi s b n mu n vi t m t th vi n c a ring mnh, tn l mylib.jar trong c 2 l p l Foo v Bar. Sau b n vi t m t ng d ng Java tn l Hoge.java tham chi u n th vi n mylib.jar. Tr c tin, t i th m c ~/ t o 2 file Foo.java, Bar.java nh sau: /* List of Foo.java */ package mylib; public class Foo { int i = 100; public void display() { System.out.println("Foo! i = " + i); } } /* End of Foo.java */ /* List of Bar.java */ package mylib;

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public class Bar { int i = 10; public void display() { System.out.println("Bar! i = " + i); } } /* End of Bar.java */ B n bin d ch c hai nh sau:
javac -d . Foo.java Bar.java

B n dng tham chi u -d ch ra a i m ni package s c t o (l th m c hi n hnh, th hi n b ng d u .). Sau l nh ny, t i th m c hi n hnh s c th m c mylib c t o ra bn trong ch a hai files: Foo.class v Bar.class. B n dng l nh ti p theo nn th m c ny thnh gi mylib.jar
jar cvf mylib.jar mylib/

Ti p theo b n vi t m t o n chng trnh m i m trong c s d ng cc l p c a th vi n mylib. Chu n b file Hoge.java nh sau: /* List of Hoge.java */ import mylib.*; public class Hoge { public static void main (String args[]) { Foo f = new Foo(); f.display(); Bar b = new Bar(); b.display(); } } /* End of Hoge.java */ B n bin d ch file Hoge.java ny nh sau: [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj [penguin@vcsj Foo! i = 100 Bar! i = 10 [penguin@vcsj penguin]$ cd penguin]$ javac -classpath mylib.jar Hoge.java penguin]$ java Hoge

penguin]$

Th t d dng ng khng ? B n bi t cch t o cc class, cch t o package (library), cch dng library, cch bin d ch, cch th c thi. T y b n c th b t u Java. Vo trang web c a Sun t i http://sun.com c tutorial. B n thn tc gi bi vi t ny cng m i tr thnh fan c a Java v hi n ang c m ng v nh ng g Java lm c. C th h c h i cc l p trnh vin Java ng i Vi t t i http://www.javavietnam.org. 22

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