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I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH

Trn nh Trng

XU HNG TRIN KHAI MNG 3G CA CC NH CUNG CP GSM VIT NAM

KHO LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY Ngnh: Thng Tin V Tuyn Cn b hng dn : Th.S Trn Ngc Hng

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H NI 2008

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TM TT
Ni dung ti kha lun tt nghip l Xu hng trin khai mng 3G ca cc nh cung cp GSM Vit Nam. Phn u kha lun nghin cu v h thng thng tin di ng th h 3G. Tm hiu cu trc mng 3G. Yu cu i vi mng thng tin th h th ba v cu trc mng li 3G, 3G ton IP trong mng GSM. Tip theo kha lun nghin cu v IP-GPRS, IPv6 v Mobile IP. Tm hiu v cu trc mng GPRS. Gm giao din v cc knh iu khin trong GPRS, v tng quan v mng IPv6, mng Mobile IP. Phn cui ni dung kha lun nghin cu v l trnh trin khai nng cp mng VMS MobiFone ln 3G. Tm hiu mng thng tin di ng VMS MobiFone. Lch s pht trin, cu hnh, cc dch v mng cung cp ca mng VMS MobiFone v hng pht trin ca VMS MobiFone. Sau l ni dung trin khai h thng GPRS, trin khai h thng 3G, v h thng All-IP trong mng VMS MobiFone. Bao gm mc ch, phng n trin khai, phng n tnh cc v nh gi kt qu th nghim a ra kt lun.

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MC LC
THUT NG VIT TT.......................................................................................1 LI M U.........................................................................................................4 CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG TH H BA, CU TRC MNG LI 3G, V 3G TON IP.............................................5 1.1 L trnh pht trin mng thng tin di ng th h th ba...................................5 1.2 Yu cu i vi h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba.................................6 1.3 Cc tiu ch chung xy dng IMT-2000.......................................................7 1.4 H thng thng tin di dng 3G-USMT............................................................11 1.5 Cu trc mng li 3G All-IP............................................................................17 CHNG 2. TNG QUAN V KT NI IP-GPRS, IPv6, MOBILE IP............18 2.1 Tng quan v kt ni IP-GPRS.......................................................................18 2.1.1 Cu trc mng GPRS.........................................................................20 2.1.2 Giao din v tuyn GPRS..................................................................25 2.1.3 Cc knh iu khin GPRS................................................................26 2.2 Tng quan v IPV6..........................................................................................27 2.2.1 Kin thc an ton cho giao thc Internet...........................................29 2.2.2 Tng quan v kin trc an ton ca giao thc IPV6..........................33 2.2.3 Cc giao thc an ton trong IPV6......................................................33 2.3 Tng quan v Mobile IP..................................................................................51 CHNG 3. L TRNH TRIN KHAI NNG CP MNG MOBIFONE LN 3G ALL-IP. ...............................................................................................................................55 3.1 Lch s pht trin VMS MobiFone..................................................................55 3.2 Cu hnh mng GSM/VMS.............................................................................56 3.3 Hng pht trin mng MobiFone VMS.........................................................57 3.4 L trnh trin khai nng cp h thng..............................................................59 3.5 Trin khai h thng GPRS...............................................................................63 .................................................................................................................................. 3.5.1 Cu hnh tng qut mng GPRS trong mng GSM...........................63 3.5.2 H thng GPRS trin khai trn mng VMS.......................................66 3.5.3 Trin khai cc dch v GPRS trn mng GPRS.................................68 3.5.4 Phng n trin khhai MMS..............................................................68 3.5.5 D kin phng n tnh cc cc dich v GPRS...............................69 3.5.6 nh gi kt qu trin khai th nghim.............................................71 3.6 Trin khai th nghim h thng 3G.................................................................74 3.6.1 Mc ch th nghim..........................................................................74 3.6.2 Gii php th nghim 3G ca Alcatel v Eicson...............................76 3.6.3 Phng n trin khai..........................................................................78 3.7 Trin khai ln 3G All IP...............................................................................79 Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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KT LUN...........................................................................................................84 TI LIU THAM KHO.....................................................................................85

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THUT NG VIT TT
3G 3GPP 3GPP2 AMR ATM AC BPSK BSC BSS BTS CDMA CN CS CS-1,2,3,4 DCS DS DSL EDGE FDD GERAN GGSN GMM GMSC GPRS GPS GSM H.263 HLR HTTP IMAP 3rd Generation Third Generation Partnership Project Third Generation Partnership Project A Adaptive Multirate Asynchronous Transfer Mode Authentication Center B Binary Phase Shirf Keying Base Station Controller Base Station Subsystem Base Transceiver station C Code Division Multi Access Core Network Circuit Switched Coding Scheme 1,2,3,4 D Digital Communications System Telacommunications System Digital Subscriber Line E Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution F Frequency Division Duplex G GSM/EDGE Radio Accsess Network Gateway GPRS Support Node GPRS Mobility Management Gateway MSC General Packet Radio Services Global Position System Global System for Mobile Communications H ITU standard fo video compression for video-conferencing and videotelephony application Home Location Register Hypertext transfer Protocol I Internet Message Accsess Protocol Th h th 3 D n hi nhp th h 3 D n hi nhp th h 3 th hai a tc thch nghi Phng thc tuyn khng ng b Trung tm nhn thc iu ch dch pha nh phn B iu khin trm gc Phn h trm gc Trm thu pht gc a truy nhp phn chia theo m Mng li Chuyn mch knh S m ha 1,2,3,4 H thng thng tin s Chui tri ph trc tip ng thu bao s Ci thin tc s liu cho pht trin GSM Ghp song cng phn chia theo tn s Mang truy nhp v tuyn GSM/EDGE Nt mng h tr GPRS cng Qun l mm do GPRS MSC cng Dch v v tuyn gi chung H thng nh v ton cu H thng thng tin di ng ton cu Tiu chun ITU cho nn nh, ng dng cho hi ngh truyn hnh v in thoi truyn hnh B ghi nh v thng ch Th tc truyn siu vn bn Th tc truy nhp tin nhn qua Internet

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IMS IMT-2000 IN IP IS-54 S-95 ISDN ITU-R ITU-T IP Multimedia Subsystem International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 Intelligent Network Internet Protocol Interim Standard - 54 Interim Standard - 95 Integrated Services Digital Network International Telecommunication Union - Radio Sector International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardzation Sector J Joint Photographic Experts Group L Local Area Network M Medium Accsess Control Mobile Managerment Multimedia Messaging Services MMS Center Moving Picture Experts Group Mobile Station Mobile Switching Service Center N Network Managerment System Network Node Interface Network SubSystem O Operation Maintenace Center - GPRS P Packet Control Unit Personal Communication System Personal Digital Cellular Packet Data Channel Packet Data Network Packet Data Protocol Packet Data Service Node Packet Switched Packet Switched Data Network Packet Switched Public Data Network

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Phn h a phng tin IP Vin thng di ng quc t 2000 Mng thng minh Giao thc Internet Tiu chun thng tin di ng TDMA ci tin ca M (do AT&T xut) Tiu chun thng tin di ng TDMA ca M Mng s dch v tch hp Lin hip vi thng quc t - B phn v tuyn Lin hip vin thng quc t - Vin tiu chun vin thng T chc chuyn gia nh ha Mng cc b iu khin truy nhp mi trng Qun l di ng Dch v nhn tin a phng tin Trung tm MMS T chc chuyn gia nh ng Trm di ng Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng H thng qun l mng Giao din nt mng Phn h mng H thng qun l khai thc trong GPRS Khi iu khin gi d liu H thng thng tin c nhn H thng t ng s c nhn Knh s liu gi Mng s liu gi Giao thc s liu gi Nt dch v s liu gi Chuyn mch gi Mng s liu chuyn mch gi Mng s liu cng cng chuyn mch gi

JPEG LAN MAC MM MMS MMS-C MPEG MS MSC NMS NNI NSS OMC-G PCU PSC PDC PDCH PDN PDP PDSN PS PSDN PSPDN

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PSTN QoS QPSK RA RAN RBS RLC RLP RNC SGSN SMS SMS-C TCH TCP/IP TDD TDMA TE TRX UI UMTS VHE VLR VoIP VPN XML WAN WAP WCDMA Public Switched Telephone Network Q Quality of Servise Quadrature Phase Shift Keyging R Routing Area Radio Accsess Network Radio Base Station Radio Link Control Radio Link Protocol Radio Network Controller S Serving GPRS Support Node Short Message Service Short Message Service Center T Traffic Channel Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol Time Division Multi Accsess Terminal Equipment Telecommunications Industry Association Transceiver U User Interface Universal Mobile Telecommunications System V Virtual Home Environment Visitor Location Register Voice over IP Vietual Private Network X Extensible Mark-up Language W Wide Area Network Wireless Application Protocol Wideband Cosw Division Multiple Accsess

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Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng Cht lng dch v iu ch dch pha cu phng Vng nh tuyn Mng truy nhp v tuyn Trm gc v tuyn iu khin kt ni v tuyn Giao thc kt ni v tuyn B iu khin mng v tuyn Nt mng h tr dch v GPRS Dch v tin nhn Trung tm dch v tin nhn Knh lu lng Giao thc iu khin truyn dn trn giao thc Internet Ghp song cng phn chia theo thi gian a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian Thit b u cui B thu pht Giao din ngi s dng H thng vin thng di ng ton cu Mi trng thng tr o B ghi nh v tm tr Thoi trn nn IP Mng ring o Ngn ng nh du c kh nng m rng Mng din rng Th tc ng dng v tuyn a truy nhp bng rng phn chia theo m

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Thng Tin Di ng

LI M U
Thng tin di ng tuy l mt lnh vc mi pht trin nhng vi nhiu tnh nng u vit, n v tr thnh mt phn khng th thiu trong cuc sng hin i ca con ngi, mang li cho con ngi nhng li ch rt to ln. H thng thng tin di ng theo chun GSM ca Chu u l s k tha v pht trin ca cc mng thng tin di ng ra i trc n v c nhiu nh khai thc s dng. nc ta c bn nh khai thc dch v di ng ln ang hot ng theo tiu chun GSM l Viettel, Vinaphone, MobiFone v HT Mobile mi Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut cng nh s bng n v s lng v nhng i hi v cht lng dch v ca khch hng mng thng tin di ng ang dn tin ti th h sau vi u im vt tri hn. Ni dung kha lun Xu hng trin khai mng 3G ca cc nh cung cp GSM Vit Nam gm 3 chng: Chng 1: Trnh by v h thng thng tin di ng th h 3G. Phn cu trc mng 3G, yu cu i vi mng thng tin th h th ba, cu trc mng li 3G v 3G ton IP. Chng 2: Tng quan v IP-GPRS, IPv6 v Mobile IP. Chng ny trnh by cu trc mng GPRS bao gm cu trc, giao din v cc knh iu khin trong GPRS, tng quan v mng IPv6 v mng Mobile IP. Chng 3: L trnh trin khai nng cp mng VMS MobiFone ln 3G. Chng ny trnh by v mng thng tin di ng VMS MobiFone. Gm lch s pht trin, cu hnh, cc dch v mng cung cp ca mng VMS MobiFone v hng pht trin ca VMS MobiFone. Sau l trin khai h thng GPRS, trin khai h thng 3G, v h thng All-IP trong mng VMS MobiFone. Bao gm mc ch, phng n trin khai, phng n tnh cc v nh gi kt qu th nghim. Sau mt thi gian nghin cu, tm hiu v c s gip ca thy Trn Ngc Hng em hon thnh ti ny. Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy cc c trong khoa in T - Vin Thng v c bit l thy Trn Ngc Hng trc tip hng dn em hon thnh kha lun ny. H Ni, 5/2008.

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CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG TH H BA, CU TRC MNG LI 3G, V 3G TON IP
1.1. L trnh pht trin ca mng 3G Sau nhiu nm pht trin, thng tin di ng tri qua nhng giai on pht trin quan trng. T h thng thng tin di ng tng t th h th nht n h thng quy hoch mng thng tin di ng th h th hai, v sau h thng thng tin di ng th ba ang c pht trin trn phm vi ton cu v h thng thng tin di ng a phng tin th h th t ang c nghin cu ti mt s nc. Dch v ch yu ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th nht v th hai l thoi, cn th h th ba v th t pht trin v dch v d liu, th tn v a phng tin.

Hnh 1.1 :L trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii. Cc h thng thng tin di ng t ong s hin nay ang giai on th h th hai cng. p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca dch v thng tin di ng nn ngay t u nhng nm 90 ngi ta tin hnh nghin cu h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba. ITU ang tin hnh cng c tiu chun ha cho h thng thng tin di ng ton cu IMT2000. Chu u, ETSI ang tin hnh chun ha phin bn ca h thng ny vi tn gi l UMTS. H thng mi ny lm vic gii tn 2MHz v cung cp nhiu loi dch v bao gm t cc dch v thoi, s liu tc thp hin c n cc dch v s liu tc cao, video v truyn thanh. Tc ca ngi s dng c th nn ti 2Mbps. Tc ny ch c cc cell pico trong nh, cn cc dch v vi tc 14,4 Kbps s c m bo cho thng tin di ng thng cc cell maco. Ngi ta tin hnh nghin cu h thng thng tin di ng th h th t c tc cho ngi s dng ln hn 2Mbps. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN Trn nh Trng- K49

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Thng Tin Di ng

H thng thng tin di ng th h 3 c nh gi l mt ng c vin cho h thng truy nhp v tuyn IMT-2000. Giao din v tuyn trn c s bng thng rng, p ng cc yu cu ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3. Nhng u im ch yu ca mng 3G: Ci thin h thng thng tin di ng th h 2, ci thin dung lng, cht lng, vng ph song. Tnh linh hot cao ca dch v. Thc hin truy nhp gi tin hiu qu v tin cy. Tnh linh hot cao trong vn hnh, h tr hot ng khng ng b gia cc trn gc nn trin khai thun li trong nhiu mi trng, s dng cc k thut tin tin nh anten thng minh. 1.2. Yu cu i vi h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba Thng tin di ng th h ba phi l h thng thng tin di ng cho cc dch v di ng truyn thng c nhn a phng tin. Hp th thoi s c thay th bng bu thip in t c lng ghp vi hnh nh v cc cuc thoi thng thng trc y s c b xung cc hnh nh tr thnh thoi c hnh. Yu cu i vi thng tin di ng th h th ba: + Mng phi l bng rng v c kh nng truyn thng a phng tin, ngha l mng phi m bo tc bt ln ti 2Mbs ph thuc vo tc di chuyn ca my u cui, 2Mbps d kin cho cc dch v c nh, 384kbps khi i b v 144kbps khi ang di chuyn tc cao. + Mng phi c kh nng cung cp rng bng tn, dung lng theo yu cu. iu ny xut pht t vic thay i tc bit ca cc dch v khc nhau. Ngoi ra cn m bo ng tuyn v tuyn khng i xng, chng hn vi tc bit cao ng xung v tc bit thp ng ln hoc ngc li. + Mng phi cung cp thi gian truyn dn theo yu cu, ngha l phi m bo cc kt ni chuyn mch cho thoi, cc dch v Video v cc kh nng s liu gi cho cc dch v s liu. + Cht lng dch v phi khng thua km cht lng dch v c nh, nht l i vi thoi. + Mng phi c kh nng s dng ton cu, ngha l bao gm c thng tin v tinh. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN Trn nh Trng- K49

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Thng Tin Di ng

B phn tiu chun ca ITU-R xy dng cc tiu chun cho IMT-2000.. Thng tin di ng th h th ba xy dng trn c s IMT-2000 c a vo hot ng t nm 2001. Cc h thng 3G cung cp rt nhiu dch v vin thng bao gm: thoi, s liu tc bit thp v bit cao, a phng tin, video cho ngi s dng lm vic c mi trng cng cng ln t nhn, vng c s, vng dn c, phng tin vn ti 1.3. Cc tiu ch chung xy dng IMT-2000 + S dng di tn quy nh quc t 2Ghz: ng ln: (1885 2025) Mhz. ng xung: (2110 2200) Mhz. + L h thng thng tin di ng ton cu cho cc loi hnh v tuyn: Tch hp cc mng thng tin h tuyn v v tuyn. Tng tc vi mi dch v vin thng. + S dng cc mi trng khai thc khc nhau: Trong cng s. Ngoi ng. Trn xe. V tinh. + C th h tr cc dch v nh: Mi trng thng ch o (VHE) trn c s mng thng minh, di ng c nhn v chuyn mch ton cu. m bo chuyn mch quc t. m bo cc dch v a phng tin ng thi cho thoi, s liu chuyn mch theo knh v s liu chuyn mch theo gi. + D dng h tr cc dch v mi xut hin. Mi trng hot ng ca IMT-2000 oc chia thnh bn vng vi cc tc bit Rb phc v nh sau: Vng 1: Trong nh, picocell, Rb 2Mbps. Vng 2: Thnh ph, microcell, Rb 384Kbps. Vng 3: Ngoi , macrocell, Rb 144Kbps. Vng 4: Ton cu, Rb = 9.6Kbps. C th tng kt cc dch v do IMT-2000 cung cp bng di y: Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Kha Lun Tt Nghip Bng 1.1 Phn loi cc dch v IMT-2000 Kiu Dch v di ng. Phn loi Dch v di ng. Dch v thng tin nh v.

Thng Tin Di ng

Dch v m thanh.

Dch v vin thng.

Dch v s liu.

Dch v a phng tin. Dich v Internet n gin. Dch v Internet.

Dch v chi tit Di ng u cui di ng c nhn/ di ng dch v. Theo di di ng/ theo di di ng thng minh. - Dch v m thannh cht lng cao (16 64 Kbps). - Dch v truyn thanh AM (32 - 64 kbps) - Dch v truyn hnh FM (64 - 144 kbps) - Dch v s liu tc trung bnh (64 144 kbps) - Dch v s liu tc tng i cao (144 kbps 2Mbps) - Dch v s liu tc cao ( 2 Mbps) - Dch v Video (384 kbps) - Dch v nh ng (384 kbps - 2 Mbps) - Dch v nh ng thi gian thc ( 2Mbps) Dch v truy nhp Web (384 kbps - 2 Mbps)

Dich v Internet thi Dch v Internet (384 kbps - 2Mbps) gian thc. Dch v Internet a Dch v Website a phng tin thi gian phng tin. thc ( 2Mbps)

xy dng tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba, cc t chc quc t sau y c hnh thnh di s iu hnh chung ca ITU: 3GPP: bao gm cc thnh vin sau: - ESTI: Chu u. - TTA: Hn Quc. - ARIB, TTC: Nht. - T1P1: M. 3GPP2: bao gm cc thnh vin sau: - TIA, T1P1: M. - TTA: Hn Quc.

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Kha Lun Tt Nghip - ARIB, TTC: Nht. Hin nay hai tiu chun c chp thun cho IMT-2000 l: - WCDMA c xy dng t 3GPP. - Cdma2000 c xy dng t 3GPP2.

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Hai h thng ny bt u c a vo hot ng trong nhng nm u ca thp k 2000. Cc h thng ny u s dng cng ngh CDMA, iu ny cho php thc hin tiu chun ton th gii cho giao din v tuyn ca h thng thng tin di ng th h ba. WCDMA l s pht trin tip theo ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai s dng cng ngh TDMA nh GSM, PDC, IS-136. Cdma2000 l s pht trin tip theo ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai s dng cng ngh CDMA: IS-95. M hnh tng qut ca mng IMT-2000:

Hnh 1.2 : M hnh mng IMT-2000.

K hiu:

- TE (Terminal Equipment) : Thit b u cui. - UI ( User Interface) : Giao din ngi s dng.

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Thng Tin Di ng

Hnh 1.3 : Phn b tn s cho IMT-2000 trn th gii. Chu u s dng h thng th h hai l DCS 1800 bng tn (1710-1755) Mhz cho ng ln v (1805-1850) cho ng xung. Chu u v hu ht cc nc Chu bng tn IMT-2000 l 2x60 Mhz (1920-1980 Mhz cng vi 2110-2170 Mhz) c th s dng cho WCDMA FDD. Bng tn s dng cho TDD Chu u thay i, bng tn c cp theo giy php c th l 25Mhz cho s dng TDD (19001920)Mhz v (2020-2025)Mhz. Bng tn cho cc ng dng TDD khng cn xin php (SPA Self Provided Application: ng dng t cp) c th l (2010-2020)MHz. Cc h thng FDD s dng cc bng tn khc nhau cho ng ln v ng xung vi phn cch l khong cch song cng, cn h thng TDD s dng cng tn s cho c ng ln v ng xung. Nht s dng h thng th h hai l PDC, cn Hn Quc s dng h thng th h hai l IS-95 cho c khai thc t ong ln PCS. n nh ph PCS Hn Quc khc vi n nh ph PCS M, v th Hn Quc c th s dng ton b ph tn quy nh ca IMT-2000. Nht mt phn ph ca IMT-2000 TDD c s dng cho PHS (h thng in thoi cm tay c nhn). M khng cn ph mi cho cc h thng thng tin di ng th h ba. Cc dch v ca th h ba s c thc hin trn c s thay th ph tn ca h thng thng tin th h ba bng ph tn ca h thng PCS th h hai hin ti.

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Thng Tin Di ng

Trung Quc ph tn dnh trc cho PCS v WLL s dng mt phn ph tn ca IMT-2000 mc d chng cha c n nh cho hng khai thc no. Theo quyt nh v phn b tn s, s c n 2x60 Mhz c s dng cho WCDMA Trung Quc. Ph tn TDD cng s c s dng Trung Quc. Cc nc bt u xin giy php cho s dng ph tn ca IMT-2000. Giy php u tin c cp cho Phn Lan vo 03/1999, sau l Ty Ba Nha. Mt s nc cng c th i theo quan im cp php ging nh GSM c cp php Chu u. Tuy nhin, mt s nc bn du gi ph tn cho IMT-2000 ging nh M bn du cho PSC. 1.4. H thng thng tin di dng 3G -USMT UMTS l h thng vin thng di ng ton cu ca Chu u da trn cng ngh WCDMA. Mc ch ca UMTS l cung cp cho ngi s dng thng tin c nhn truy nhp vo gii bng rng s dng cc mi dch v mi. UMTS cung cp thng tin cc nhn di ng multimedia nh hng. ng UTMS cung cp cc dch v roaming ton cu. UMTS c thng mi ha Nht v Chu u. Nht, mu cht l tng yu cu ca dch v multimedia v kh nng s dng cc ng dng d liu tc cao. UMTS kt hp cng ngh mi vi h thng v cc dch v ca GSM hin ti. ERC quy nh ph mi trn bng tn mi 2 GHz i vi mt t. Ph ny bao gm: Bng tn kp (1929-1980 MHz + 2110-2170 MHz).

Bng tn n (1910-1920 MHz + 2010-2025 MHz).

Hnh 1.4 : S dng ph UMTS. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN Trn nh Trng- K49

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Thng Tin Di ng

Di ph trn c la chn c Chu u v Nht Bn. Cn Bc M th rt tic n c s dng cho cc h thng PCS. C hai ch c nh ngha l FDD v TDD. C hai ch u l CDMA bng rng (WCDMA) vi rng knh v tuyn l 5MHz v c pht trin nhm s dng ti a hiu qu v li ch ca CDMA. TD/CDMA c s dng trn bng tn n. Li ch ca TD/CDMA l kh nng qun l lu lng khng song cng ( lu lng gia ng ln v ng xung khc nhau). Bi TD/CDMA c ng ln v ng xung trn cng mt bng tn ch phn cch v mt thi gian, nn i vi vic truyn s liu khng cn bng gia ng ln v ng xung, hiu quang ph ca TD/CDMA s cao hn so vi WCDMA (n nh hai bng tn ring cho ng ln v ng xung). Ly v d Internet l in hnh, rt nhiu thng tin c ti xung t trang Web m rt t thng tin c gi i. Tng qut t 2,5G (GPRS/EDGE) pht trin ln UMTS: Thc hin Giao din v tuyn WCDMA (UE, Node B) Giao din mng truy nhp v tuyn RAN (Iub (Node B-RNC) v Tur Mi (RNC-RNC)) Giao din mng li: Iu (MSC-RNC v SGSN-RNC). iu chnh MSC v SGS cho giao din TU Gia Mng li chuyn mch knh(HLR-AuC) nguyn Mng li chuyn mch gi (GGSN)

3GPP xc nh con ng pht trin ca GSM ln UTMS (WCDMA): Mng li pht trin t GSM-only nhm h tr c GPRS v cc thit b WCDMA mi.

3GPP Release 99: Thm phn v tuyn 3G. 3GPP Release 4 : Thm chuyn mch mm cc gateway thoi v li chuyn mch gi.

3GPP Release 5 : Cung cp cc dch v multimedia IP (IMS) v QoS. 3GPP Release 6 : Mng All IP, ang c chun ha.

1.4.1. Release 99 Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN


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Hnh 1.5 : Kin trc mng 3G Release 99. + V giao din v tuyn: Phn mng truy nhp v tuyn mi UTRAN(WCDMA) c thm cc thnh phn RNC v BC. Vic c nng cp giao din v tuyn hin c ca GSM ln EDGE (E-RAN) hay khng l ty chn ca nh khai thc. + MSC/VLR nng cp c th x l c cho phn v tuyn bng rng. + cc dch v IN c th cung cp cho cc mng tm tr cu thu bao cn trin khai CAMEL. + Kt ni truyn dn trong mng truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA dng ATM nhm h tr cc loi hnh dch v khc nhau: cc dch v tc khng i cho chuyn mch knh v v cc dch v c tc thay i i vi chuyn mch gi. + Cc nt li c chuyn i: Phn CS phi qun l c thu bao 2G v 3G, i hi thay i trong MSC/VLR v HLR/AuC/EIR. Phn PS c nng cp t GPRS, thay i SGSN l ln nht. - Mng cung cp cc loi dch v 3G v dch v ging vi mng 2,5G, hu ht cc dch v c chuyn sang dng gi khi c nhu cu. V d WAP s chuyn sang dng chuyn mch gi. Dch v da trn v tr gip truyn d liu gi hiu qu hn. - u im:

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Kha Lun Tt Nghip + Tn dng ti a h tng GSM/GPRS hin c: C th trin khai nhanh chng. Ch tiu cc phn t mng rt n nh.

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+ Cung cp c dch v 2G v 3G, dch v chuyn mch knh v gi. + Bo m an ton u t: Thit b nng cp dn dn ti mng li 3G. - Nhc im: + Phc tp do c hai thnh phn CS v PS. + Phn CS phc tp do phi phc v c 2G v 3G, kh m rng. + Vic qun l h thng s phc tp. - Khc phc: Bc pht trin tip theo sau 3GPP R99 ch ra cc xu hng chung. l tch phn kt ni cuc gi, phn iu khin v phn dch v, ng thi chuyn i mng theo hng hon ton trn c s IP. 1.4.2. Release 4

Hnh 1.6 : Kin trc 3G Release 4. im khc bit chnh ca Release 4 v Release 99 l mng li phn b. MSC c chia thnh MSC sever v MGW. 3GPP Relesae 4 tch phn kt ni, iu khin v dch v cho chuyn mch knh mng li.

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MSC sever c chc nng qun l di ng v iu khin cuc gi, khng cha ma trn chuyn mch, phn t iu khin MGW. Cn Media Gateway (MGW) l phn t chi trch nhim duy tr cc kt ni v thc hin chc nng chuyn mch khi cn. Thoi chuyn mch gi (VoIP): cuc gi chuyn mch knh c chuyn sang chuyn mch gi trong MGW. - u im: + Khc phc mt s nhc im ca R99. + Tch ring phn kt ni cuc gi, phn iu khin v phn dch v cho phn chuyn mch li chuyn mch knh. + Ton b lu lng qua MGW, c qun l nng MSC Sever tch ri ( nng cp t MSC/VLR). + Phn CN CS c th t do m rng khi dung nhiu MGW. + Cho php truyn ti lu lng hiu qu hn nh chuyn mch gi. Mt cuc gi GSM truyn thng s c thay bng VoIP qua MGW. Phn h a phng tin IP(IMS) c thm vo p ng cc dch v a phng tin trn IP v VoIP. - Nhc im: + Lm thay i cn bn phn CS nhng vn cn c hai thnh phn CS v PS. + Vai tr ca CAMEL s thay i, phi lp kt ni vi phn PS v s tr thnh yu t u ni gia h tng dch v v mng. 1.4.3. Release 5

Hnh 1.7 : Kin trc 3G Release 5. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN


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c im ca Release 5 l them min IP a phng tin trong mng li(IM), h tr d liu v thoi qua IP, trong b sung mt phn t mi: CSCF: Qun l vic thit lp duy tr v gii phng cc phin truyn a phng tin vi ngi s dng. MRF: H tr cc chc nng nh cuc gi nhiu bn, cuc gi hi ngh. Ngoi ra, SGSN v GGSN c ci tin so vi R4 l c h tr thoi. MGW vn c chc nng tng t nh R$ v MGW do MGCF iu khin. - u im : +Tn ti duy nht chuyn mch gi PS. + S dng hiu qu v d dng qun l ton b lu lng trn mng 3G v u l IP. + Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn s gim dn t trng. Trong tng lai, cc li 3G s c nhiu cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau. Mt s vn cn xem xt thm: + Cng ngh cha chn mui, cn ch tiu chun v h thng n nh. Mi trng thng ch o (VHL): p ng yu cu hi t cc mng di ng, c nh v Internet. Cho php cc thu bao c cung cp dch v nh ang mng thng tr k c khi roaming. + Qun l cht lng dch v do IP l dch v best effort. + Bo mt IPv6, IP-VPN. + M rng khng gian a ch IPv6 + c tnh kt ni v tuyn khc hu tuyn. + Tnh di ng u cui. 1.4.4. Release 6 Mc ch chun ha ca 3GPP Relesae 6 l: + Cung cp cc dch v a phng tin IP, pha 2: Nhn tin IMS v qun l nhm. + Hot ng phi hp vi mng LAN v tuyn. + Cc dch v ging ni: Nhn dng ging ni phn b (DSsR). + Phm vi v nh ngha ang tip tc c tiu chun ha. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Tip theo th h 2.5G v 3G, mng li ton IP ang xut hin vi nhiu kh nng ng dng cao, cc dch v thoi v s liu c h tr qua mng li ton IP. Cc mng a phng tin ton IP c thit k cho cng ngh bu chnh nh CDMA2000, UMTS. Trong cu trc mng 3G ton IP, d liu c thit lp mang cc gi IP gia cc sever kt ni mng v cc thit b u cui. Mng s dng cc Tunnet h tr vic lu chuyn. Trong UMTS, Tunnet t sever truy nhp mng c nh tuyn thong qua mt h chuyn mch tunnet. Thit b u cui c th di chuyn gia cc trm thu pht v trm iu khin m khng cn chuyn cc chuyn mch tunnet m ch cn mt nhnh ca tunnet. Thit b u cui c th di chuynn ti mt mng truy nhp c iu khin bi mt chuyn mch tunnet khc bng vic di chuyn cc nhnh ca tunet m khng cn lu chuyn phn d liu. Kin trc mng 3G-All-IP th hin hnh di dy:

Hnh 1.8 : Kin trc mng 3G All-IP.

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CHNG 2. TNG QUAN V KT NI IP-GPRS, IPv6, MOBILE IP


2.1.Tng quan v kt ni IP-GPRS Dch v v tuyn gi chung GPRS l mt cng ngh cung cp cc dch v gi IP dung lng cao thng qua GSM. Cc ng dng ca IP mi ca GPRS a ra cc ng dng Internet khng dy hp dn ti ngi s dng, ng thi a ra nghiu c hi kinh doanh cho cc nh khai thc. GPRS thuc GSM pha 2 cng, l mt dch v s liu chuyn mch gi trn c s h tng GSM. Cng ngh chuyn mch gi a ra ti u vic truyn s liu cm v to iu kin truyn ti cho mt lng d liu ln. GPRS c thit k cung cp cc dch v gi tc d cao hn so vi tc truyn s liu c cung cp vi cc dch v chuyn mch knh ca GSM. GPRS c th cung cp tc s liu ln n 171kbps giao din v tuyn, mc d cc mng thc t khng th t c tc ny (do hiu chnh li ng truyn). Trong thc t, gi tr cc i ca tc ch cao hn 100 kbps mt cht vi kh thi khong 40kbps n 50kbps. GPRS m bo tc s liu cao hn cao hn nhung vn s dng v tuyn ging GSM (Cng knh tn s 200 KHz c chia thnh 8 khe thi gian). Ngoi ra m ha knh GPRS cng gn ging m ha knh GSM. GPRS nh ngha mt s s m ho knh khc nhau. S m ho knh thng c dng nht cho truyn s liu gi l S m ho 2 (CS-2). S m ho ny cho php mt khe thi gian c th mang s liu tc 13,4 kbps. Nu mt ngi s dng truy nhp n nhiu khe thi gian, th tc 40,2 hay 53,6 kbps l kh dng i vi ngi ny. Bng sau lit k cc s m ho khc nhau v cc tc s liu tng ng i vi mt khe thi gian. S m ha CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 Tc s liu giao din v tuyn (kbps) 9.05 13.4 15.6 21.4 Tc s liu gn ng ca ngi s dng (kbps) 6.8 10.4 11.7 16.0

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Cc tc giao din v tuyn bng trn m bo cc tc s liu khc nhau ca ngi s dng giao din ny. Tuy nhin, c nhiu lp cao hn giao din v tuyn cng tham d vo vic truyn s liu GPRS. Mi lp b sung thm thng tin vo s liu nhn c t lp trn. Lng thng tin b sung do tng lp to ra ph thuc vo nhiu yu t, trong yu t d nhn thy nht l kch c ca gi ng dng cn truyn. i vi mt lng s liu cn truyn cho trc, cc kch c ca gi s liu ng dng nh hn s dn n thng tin b sung ln hn cc kch c ca gi s liu ln hn. Kt qu l tc s liu c th s dng c thp hn tc s liu giao din v tuyn t 20 n 30 phn trm. Nh ni trn s m ho thng c s dng nhiu nht cho truyn s liu ca ngi s dng l CS-2. S ny m bo hiu chnh li kh tt giao din v tuyn. Mc d CS-3 v CS-4 cung cp thng lng cao hn, nhng chng nhy cm cao vi li giao din v tuyn. Thc ra CS-4 hon ton khng m bo hiu chnh li giao din v tuyn. CS-3 v c bit l CS-4 i hi pht li nhiu hn giao din v tuyn, v th thng lng thc s hu nh khng tt hn CS-2. Tt nhin u im ln nht ca GPRS khng ch n gin l ch n cho php tc s liu cao hn. u im ln nht ca GPRS l n s dng cng ngh chuyn mch gi. iu ny c ngha l mt ngi s dng ch tiu ph ti nguyn khi ngi ny cn pht hoc thu s liu. Nu mt ngi s dng khng pht s liu mt thi im, th cc khe thi gian giao din v tuyn ti thi im ny s c dnh cho cc ngi s dng khc. Vic GPRS cho php nhiu ngi s dng cng chia s ti nguyn v tuyn l mt u im ln. iu ny c ngha rng mi khi mt ngi s dng mun truyn s liu, th MS phi yu cu c truy nhp n cc ti nguyn ny v mng phi cp pht cc ti nguyn ny trc khi xy ra truyn s liu. Mc d iu ny c v nh nghch l vi vic dch v lun c kt ni, GPRS hot ng sao cho th tc yu cu cp pht khng b pht hin, v th ngi s dng v dch v dng nh lun lun c kt ni. Ta th tng tng rng ngi s dng ang ti xung mt trang Web v sau i mt khong thi gian no trc khi ti xung tip trang Web khc. ti xung mt trang Web mi, ngi s dng yu cu ti nguyn v tuyn, mng cp pht ti nguyn ny, MS gi yu cu trang Web n mng, mng gi yu cu ny n mng s liu ngoi (Internet chng hn). Cc th tc ny xy ra rt nhanh tr khng b qu ln. Rt nhanh chng trang Web mi ny xut hin trn thit b ca ngi s dng. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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GPRS ph hp vi mt phm vi rng cc ng dng t th in t (E-mail), vn phng di ng (Mobile Office), cc ng dng o lng lu lng t xa, ti tt c cc ng dng d liu cm chng hn nh truy cp Internet. GPRS cho php h tr cc ng dng d liu ca mng c nh hin ti trn cc u cui di ng. Dch v GPRS c nh hng ch yu cho cc ng dng vi cc c tnh lu lng ca truyn ti chu k vi khi lng nh v truyn khng theo chu k ca cc d liu c kch nh hoc trung bnh. iu ny to kh nng cho h thng c th phc v cc dch v v ng dng mi. S truyn ti mt ng ln d liu vn s c duy tr qua cc knh chuyn mch knh, trnh tr ngi ca ph v tuyn gi. Cc ng dng ca GPRS c th tin hnh t cc cng c thng tin trong mt my tnh xch tay PC ( th in t, truyn dn file, v hin th trang Web, n cc ng dng c bit lin quan ti cc truyn ti thp ( my o t xa, iu khin lu lng ng st v ng giao thng, thng tin iu hnh taxi v xe ti, hng dn ng ng lc v giao dch tin t...). 2.1.1. Cu trc mng GPRS a) Cu trc mng chuyn mch GPRS Cu trc mng GPRS c xy dng trn nn tng mng GSM ang tn ti. Tuy nhin, nhiu thnh phn mng mi c thm vo cho chc nng chuyn mch gi, y ta thy c n v iu khin gi ( PCU: Packet Control Unit ), nt h tr GPRS phc v ( SGSN:Serving GPRS Support Node ) nt h tr GPRS cng (GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node ). Ngoi ra, c mt mng backbone ni cc nt SGSN v GGSN vi nhau, mt domain name server s dng cho mc ch bin dch a ch v mt BG ( Border Gateway) m bo an ton cho mng GPRS PLMN t : Lu lng, bo hiu khng mong mun t cc GPRS PLMN khc. Lu lng gia cc mng Backbone PLMN c to ra t cc ngun truy cp tri php. PCU l mt phn t mng logic chu trch nhim i vi mt s chc nng lin quan n GPRS nh iu khin truy nhp giao din v tuyn, lp biu gi trn giao din v tuyn, lp rp v lp rp li gi. PCU c th c t ti BTS, BSC, hay ti SGSN. Mt cch logic c th coi PCU nh l mt b phn ca BSC v trn thc t ta thy PCU thng c kt hp vt l vi BSC. SGSN tng t nh MSC/VLR trong vng chuyn mch knh nhng thc hin cc chc nng tng t vng chuyn mch gi. Cc chc nng ny bao gm qun l di ng, bo an v cc chc nng iu khin truy nhp. Vng phc dch v ca SGSN Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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c chia thnh cc vng nh tuyn ( RA: Routing Area ), cc vng ny tng t nh vng nh v vng chuyn mch knh. Khi my di ng GPRS MS chuyn ng t mt RA ny n mt RA khc, n thc hin cp nht vng nh tuyn cng ging nh cp nht vng nh v vng chuyn mch knh. Ch c mt s khc nhau duy nht l MS c th thc hin cp nht vng nh tuyn ngay c khi ang xy ra phin s liu. Theo thut ng ca GPRS th phin s liu ang xy ra ny c gi l Ng cnh giao thc s liu gi (PDP Context Packet Data Protocol Context ). Tri li khi mt MS ang tham d mt cuc gi chuyn mch knh, s thay i vng nh v khng dn n cp nht vng nh v. Mt SGSN c th phc v nhiu BSC, cn mt BSC ch giao din vi mt SGSN. Giao din gia SGSN vi BSC ( thc cht l vi PCU BSC ) l giao din Gb. y l mt giao din trn c s chuyn tip khung s dng giao thc BSS GPRS (BSSGP ). Giao din Gb c s dng chuyn giao bo hiu v cc thng tin iu khin cng nh lu lng ca ngi s dng n v t SGSN. SGSN cng giao din vi b ghi nh v thng tr ( HLR ) thng qua giao din Gr. y l giao din trn c s bo hiu s 7, giao din ny s dng MAP tng cng dng cho SGSN. Giao din Gr tng ng nh giao din D gia VLR v HLR GSM. SGSN s dng giao din Gr cp nht v tr cc thu bao GPRS HLR v nhn c thng tin ng k ca thu bao lin quan n GPRS i vi mi thu bao nm trong vng phc v ca SGSN.

Hnh 2.1 : Cu trc mng GPRS. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN


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Tu chn, mt SGSN c th giao din vi MSC thng qua giao din Gs. y l giao din trn c s bo hiu s 7 s dng SCCP. Lp trn SCCP l mt giao thc c gi l BSSAP+, y l mt dng ci bin ca BSSAP c s dng gia MSC v BSC tiu chun GSM. Mc ch ca giao din Gs l m bo kt hp gia MSC/VLR v GPRS cho cc thu bao s dng c cc dch v chuyn mch knh c iu khin bi MSC/VLR v cc dch v s liu chuyn mch gi c iu khin bi GPRS. Chng hn nu mt thu bao no h tr c dch v thoi v dch v s liu gi v n nhp mng SGSN, th MSC c th tm gi thu bao ny cho cuc gi thoi thng qua SGSN bng cch s dng giao din Gs. SGSN giao din vi trung tm dch v bn tin ngn ( SMSC: Short Message Service Center ) thng qua giao din Gd. Giao din ny cho php cc thu bao GPRS pht v thu cc bn tin ngn trn mng GPRS ( gm c giao din v tuyn GPRS ). Giao din Gd l mt giao din trn c s bo hiu s 7 s dng MAP. GGSN l im giao din vi cc mng s liu gi bn ngoi (Internet). Nh vy s liu ca ngi s dng vo hoc ra mng thng tin di ng mt t ( PLMN ) s i qua mt GGSN. Mt SGSN c th giao din vi mt hay nhiu GGSN v giao din ny c gi l Gn. y l giao din trn c s IP c s dng mang bo hiu v s liu ngi s dng. Giao din Gn s dng giao thc xuyn ng hm GPRS (GTP:GPRS Tunneling Protocol). Giao din ny truyn xuyn s liu gia SGSN v GGSN qua mng ng trc IP. Tu chn, GGSN c th s dng giao din Gc n HLR. Giao din ny s dng MAP bo hiu s 7. Cn s dng giao din ny khi GGSN cn xc nh SGSN hin ang phc v mt thu bao, cng ging nh vic MSC cng ( GMSC ) hi HLR nh tuyn thng tin cho mt cuc gi kt cui my di ng. iu khc nhau duy nht gia hai trng hp ny l phin s liu thng c MS thit lp ch khng phi mng ngoi. Nu MS thit lp phin th GGSN bit SGSN no ang phc v MS, v tuyn truyn t MS n GGSN i qua SGSN phc v. Trong trng hp ny GGSN khng cn hi HLR. GGSN phi hi HLR khi phin c khi xng bi mng s liu ngoi. y l mt kh nng tu chn v nh khai thc c th khng chn kh nng ny. Trong nhiu mng, kh nng ny khng c thc hin v MS buc phi c mt a ch giao thc gi c nh ( Address IP ). Tuy nhin, khng gian a ch quy nh thng hn ch (nht l phin bn IPv4) nn mt a ch c nh cho tng MS thng khng th thc hin c. SGSN c th giao din vi cc SGSN khc trong mng. Giao din ny cng Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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c gi l Gn v cng s dng GTP. Chc nng u tin ca giao din ny l m bo truyn xuyn cc gi t mt SGSN c n mt SGSN mi khi xy ra cp nht nh tuyn trong thi gian ni dung giao thc s liu gi PDP Context (phin s liu). Lu rng qu trnh chuyn hng cc gi t mt SGSN ny n mt SGSN khc rt ngn, ng bng thi gian m SGSN mi v GGSN thit lp PDP Context gia chng. Qu trnh ny hon ton khc vi chuyn giao gia cc MSC GSM. trng hp GSM, MSC u tin vn duy tr vai tr MSC nt ca n cho n khi cuc gi kt thc. b) Mt truyn dn SGSN khng ch giao din vi BSC truyn gi ti v nhn gi v MS, m cn c cc giao din logic trc tip gia MS v SGSN cho bo hiu (Mt bo hiu) v cho truyn s liu gi (Mt truyn dn), mc d v mt vt l cc giao din ny u i qua BSS. Hnh v cho thy cu trc tng qut ca mt truyn dn. Ti MS trc ht ta c giao din v tuyn (RF), trn giao din ny l cc chc nng iu khin truy nhp mi trng (MAC:Medium Access Control) v iu khin on ni v tuyn (RLC: Radio Link Control). Trn na ta thy chc nng iu khin on ni logic (LLC: Logical Link Control), chc nng ny m bo mt on ni logic v ng khung cu trc thng tin gia MS v SGSN. S liu gia MS v SGSN c gi i cc khi s liu giao thc on ni v tuyn (LLCPDU: LLC Packet Data Unit). LLC h tr vic qun l qu trnh truyn ny bao gm c ch pht hin v phc hi cc LLC-PDU b mt hoc b hng, mt m ho v iu khin dng. Cng cn lu rng mt m SGSN mnh hn mt m GSM. GSM tiu chun mt m ch c thc hin on ni v tuyn gia MS v BTS. GPRS mt m c p dng gia MS v SGSN, nh vy thng tin c bo mt giao din v tuyn, giao din Abis v giao din Gb.

Hnh 2.2 : Mt truyn dn GPRS. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN


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Trn LLC l giao thc hi t ph thuc mng con (SNDCP:Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol). Giao thc ny nm gia LLC v lp mng (IP hoc X-25). Nhim v ca SNDCP l m bo s h tr cho nhiu giao thc mng m khng cn thay i cc lp di ( LLC chng hn ). SNDCP khng ch cung cp mt b m gia lp trn v lp di n m cn m bo vic ghp mt s lung gi vo mt on ni logic gia MS v SGSN. Mt cch tu chn, n cng thc hin nn ( chng hn nn u TCP/IP v (hoc) nn s liu V.42bis ). Vic nn ny, nht l i vi V.42 c th lm thay i ng k thng lng. Ti BSS, chc nng chuyn tip ( Relay ) thc hin chuyn tip cc LLC-PDU t giao din Gb n giao din v tuyn ( giao din Um ). Tng t ti SGSN, chc nng chuyn tip thc hin chuyn tip PDP-PDU gia giao din Gb v Gn. Thot nhn ta thy dng nh lp IP hnh v trn cn c lp li. Thc ra c th khng cn lp. Ta nhc li rng giao thc GTP l mt giao thc ng hm ( tunnel ). i vi cc ng dng ti u cui, ch tn ti mt kt ni IP ( kt ni ngay di lp ng dng ) nh thy hnh v. GTP t kt ni ny v cc gi lin quan vo mt bao gi (Wrapper) truyn dn qua mng IP nm gia GGSN v SGSN. Nh vy cc nt mng IP ( cc b nh tuyn ) gia GGSN v SGSN s coi cc gi GTP ny l ng dng v v th cc b nh tuyn ny khng kim tra ni dung ca lp GTP. Ti SGSN, bao gi c loi b v gi c chuyn n MS bng cch s dng SNDCP, LLC v cc lp thp hn. i vi cc gi t MS n mng ngoi (Internet chng hn), GGSN loi b bao gi v chuyn i cc gi IP. c) Mt bo hiu Hnh v cho thy mt bo hiu t MS n SGSN.

Hnh 2.3 : Mt bo hiu MS-GPRS Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN


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Ti cc lp thp, cc chc nng ging nh mt truyn dn. Nhng cc lp cao ta thy c giao thc qun l phin v qun l tnh di ng GPRS (GMM/SM: GPRS Mobility Management / Session Management) thay cho SNDCP. y l giao thc c s dng cho cp nht vng nh tuyn, cc chc nng bo an ( nhn thc chng hn ), thit lp, thay i v thi tch cc phin ( PDP Context ). 2.1.2. Giao din v tuyn GPRS Giao din v tuyn GPRS c xy dng trn cng nn tng nh giao din v tuyn ca GSM, cng sng mang v tuyn rng bng 200 kHz v 8 khe thi gian trn mt sng mang. iu ny cho php GSM v GPRS chia s cng mt ti nguyn v tuyn. Chng hn nu ta xt mt sng mang v tuyn no , th mt thi im, mt s khe thi gian c th mang lu lng GSM cn mt s khe khc mang s liu GPRS. Ngoi ra GPRS cho php phn b ng ti nguyn, nh vy mt s khe c th c s dng mang lu lng thoi v sau dnh cho lu lng s liu GPRS tu thuc vo cc yu cu lu lng. V th khng cn thit k v tuyn c bit hoc quy hoch tn s b sung cho GSM khi s dng GPRS. Tt nhin, GPRS c th yu cu b sung thm sng mang trong mt . Khi ny c th cn quy hoch tn s b sung, nhng vic quy hoch ny khng khc vi quy hoch cn thit b sung sng mang cho GSM. Mc d GPRS s dng cng mt c s h tng nh GSM, vic a vo GPRS cng c ngha rng phi a thm mt s kiu knh logic mi v cc s m ho knh mi p dng cho cc knh logic ny. Khe thi gian dng mang lu lng s liu hay bo hiu lin quan n GPRS c gi l knh s liu gi (PDCH: Packet Data Channel ). Hnh v cho thy cc knh ny s dng cu trc a khung 52 khung i lp vi cu trc a khung 26 khung ca GSM. Nh vy i vi mt khe cho trc, ti mt thi im nht nh thng tin c mang trong khe ph thuc vo v tr ca khung trong cu trc a khung 52 khung. Trong s 52 khung cu trc a khung, c 12 khi v tuyn mang s liu ca ngi s dng, hai khe trng v hai khe dnh cho hai knh iu khin nh thi gi ( PTCCH:Packet Timing Control Channel). Mi khi v tuyn chim bn khung TDMA, nh vy mi khi v tuyn tng ng vi bn trng hp lin tip ca mt khe thi gian. MS c th s dng cc khe trng cu trc a khung o tn hiu. Phn cp giao thc giao din v tuyn ca GPRS nh hnh v: Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Hnh 2.4 : Giao din v tuyn GPRS 2.1.3. Cc knh iu khin GPRS Cng nh GSM, GPRS i hi mt s knh iu khin. u tin l knh gi iu khin chung ( PCCH ). Ging nh knh CCCH GSM, knh ny bao gm nhiu knh logic. Cc knh logic ca PCCH gm : Knh truy nhp iu khin gi ( PRACH: Packet Random Access Channel ) ch s dng ng ln. MS s dng knh ny khi xng truyn s liu hoc bo hiu gi. Knh tm gi gi ( PPCH: Packet Paging Channel ) ch s dng ng xung. Mng s dng knh ny tm gi MS trc khi ti gi xung. Knh cp php truy nhp gi ( PAGCH: Packet Acces Grant Channel ) ch s dng ng xung. Mng s dng knh ny ch nh ti nguyn cho MS trc khi truyn gi . Knh thng bo gi ( PNCH: Packet Notification Channel ): knh ny c s dng thng bo im-a phng a im (PTM-M: Point Multiple Multicast ) cho mt nhm cc MS. PCCH c th c t vo cc ti nguyn v tuyn khc nhau ( cc khe thi gian khc nhau ) ca knh CCCH. Tuy nhin vic s dng knh PCCH l tu chn. Nu knh ny khng c s dng th cc chc nng lin quan n GPRS c thc hin knh CCCH. Khi mt khe no c s dng mang cc knh iu khin (PBCCH hay PCCCH ), th khi v tuyn 0 c s dng mang cc knh iu khin PBCCH ( Packet Broadcast Control Channel: knh iu khin qung b gi ) cng vi ti a Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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ba khi v tuyn b sung dnh cho knh ny. Cc khi cn li c n nh cho cc knh logic khc nhau PPCH hay PAGCH. Ging nh GSM, GPRS h tr mt s knh iu khin ring (DCCH: Dedicated Control Channel ). GPRS, cc knh DCCH l knh iu khin lin kt nhanh gi ( PACCH: Packet Associated Control Channe ) v knh iu khin nh thi gi ( PTCCH: Packet Timing Control Channel ). PTCCH c s dng nh thi trc cho cc MS. PACCH l mt knh hai chiu dng chuyn bo hiu v cc thng tin khc gia MS v mng trong khi truyn gi. Knh ny c lin kt vi mt knh lu lng s liu gi ( PDTCH: Packet Data Traffic Channel ). PACCH khng c n nh c nh mt ti nguyn. Khi cn gi thng tin knh PACCH, mt phn s liu gi ca ngi s dng s b ngng truyn, rt ging trng hp xy ra knh FACCH ca GSM. Cc knh lu lng s liu gi ( PDTCH ) PDTCH l knh c s dng truyn s liu thc s ca ngi s dng trn giao din v tuyn. Tt c cc knh PDTCH l knh n hng hoc ng ln hoc ng xung. iu ny m bo kh nng khng i xng ca GPRS. Mt PDTCH chim mt khe thi gian v mt MS vi kh nng s dng a khe c th s dng nhiu knh PDTCH ti mt thi im. Ngoi ra mt MS c th s dng s lng cc knh PDTCH khc nhau ng xung v ng ln. Mt MS c th c n nh nhiu knh PDTCH mt hng truyn cn hng truyn kia s knh ny c th bng khng. Nu mt MS c n nh mt PDTCH ng ln, n vn phi nghe khe thi gian tng ng trn ng xung ( knh PDTCH ng xung), thm ch c khi khe ny khng c n nh cho MS. c bit n phi nghe mi cuc truyn PACCH ng xung v PACCH c tnh song phng ng xung knh ny c dng mang bo hiu cng nh cc cng nhn t mng. 2.2. Tng quan v IPV6 Trn c s mng IPv4 c chun ho vo nhng nm 1980, Internet pht trin nhanh v tr thnh nn tng x hi khng th thiu c. Ngy nay, cc mng IP, cng nh Internet, tip tc c nng cao v c tc ln chc nng. Cc mng IP phi cung cp nhiu chc nng bao gm nhng vic cung cp m bo cho cht lng dch v, di ng, s lin kt gia cc my ch. Tuy nhin Internet trn c s IPv4 b gii hn v s m rng, bo m cht lng dch v, m bo an ton, v kh nng qun l Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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bi v IPv4 c thit k nh l mng kt ni ca cc nh nghin cu v do khng c c chun b phc v cho h tng x hi. IPv6 khng ch l mt s m rng ca min a ch mng hn IPv4 m l k thut chnh vt qua nhng hn ch trn. Ipv6 cn c gi l giao thc Internet th h k tip hoc IPng. IETF a ra tp nhn giao thc IPv6 vo 10-08-1998. IPv6 thch hp cho th h k tip ca giao thc Internet bi v n gii quyt c vn m rng Internet, v cung cp mt c ch qu mm do cho mng Internet hin ti, v n c thit k ph hp vi cc yu cu ca th trng, nh cc thit b my tnh c nhn, mi trng mng lm vic v iu khin thit b.

Hnh 2.5 : Khun dng gi tin Ipv6. IPv6 c nhiu u im hn so vi IPv4 Khng gian a ch ln IPng tng a ch IP t 32 bit ln thnh 128 bit, h tr nhiu mc phn cp a ch, s lng nt ln hn, v vic t ng cu hnh n gin hn. N nh ngha thm mt kiu a ch mi l a ch bt k, xc nh mt tp cc nt m mt gi tin gi ti mt a ch bt k s c phn phi ti mt trong cc nt . H tr nhiu tu chn hn IPv6 c nhiu ci tin cho mng di ng v truyn thng thi gian thc. Khng ging nh IPv4, IPv6 c mt kh nng t ng cu hnh mnh gip cho vic qun tr Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Kha Lun Tt Nghip h thng cc trm di ng v cc LAN. Cc kh nng cht lng dch v

Thng Tin Di ng

Mt tnh nng mi ca c thm vo l cho php nh nhn cc gi tin lin quan n cc lung lu lng cho b pht yu cu iu khin c bit, nh l dch v thi gian thc. Cc tnh nng xc thc v bo mt IPv6 bao gm cc nh ngha m rng h tr cho xc thc, ton vn d liu v bo mt. N c coi nh l mt phn t c s ca IPv6. An ton IPv6 s dng IPSec thc hin vn an ton. Giao thc an ton tng ng c th c nng cp t IPv4. S dng IPv6 loi b c nguy c tim n khi phi s dng NAT chuyn i a ch ca cc gi tin IP trc khi i ra khi mng cc b vo mng cng cng. Cng vi kh nng h tr nhiu mo u Ipv6 gip cho vic xy dng mng ring o n gin hn v hiu qu hn. 2.2.1. Kin trc an ton cho giao thc Internet a) Tng quan IPsec c thit k nhm cung cp s an ton vi kh nng lin kt, cht lng cao trn c s m ho cho IPv6 v IPv4. Tp cc dch v an ton c xut bao gm iu khin truy nhp, ton vn phi kt ni, xc thc d liu gc, chng lp, bo mt (m ho) v bo mt lung lu lng b gii hn. Cc dch v ny cung cp cho tng IP, v c xut bo v cc giao thc tng cao hn IP. IPSec s dng ca hai c ch an ton lu lng: mo u xc thc (AH), d liu an ton ng gi (ESP), v thng qua cc th tc qun l kho b mt v cc giao thc thc hin cc mc tiu t ra. Tu theo cc yu cu v h thng v an ton ca ngi s dng, ngi qun tr hay ca n v, t chc, n s quyt nh tp cc giao thc IPsec thc hin trong mi hon cnh cng vi cch thc hin chng. Khi cc c ch ny thc hin chnh xc, n khng c nh hng xu i vi ngi dng hay vi cc thnh phn Internet khc khng thc hin cc c ch an ton bo v lu lng. Cc c ch ny cng c thit k c lp thut ton, vic modunle ho ny cho php vic la chn cc tp thut ton khc nhau khng nh hng n vic thc hin cc phn khc. Cho nn ngi dng khc c th chn mt tp cc Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Kha Lun Tt Nghip thut ton khc nu mun.

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Mt tp chun cc thut ton ngm nh c xc nh d dng trao i trn Internet ton cu. S dng cc thut ton ny, vi vic lin kt vi bo v lu lng IPsec v cc giao thc qun l kho, nhm mc ch cho php nhng ngi pht trin ng dng v h thng lm vic vi cc k thut an ton bo mt, tng Internet, cht lng cao. S tng thch ca cc giao thc IPsec v kt hp cc thut ton ngm nh c thit k cung cp an ton cht lng cao cho lu lng Internet. m bo an ton cho h thng my tnh v mng c rt nhiu nhn t, bao gm ngi dng (nhn vin), th tc, cc tho thun, v thc hin an ton my tnh, do d IPsec ch l mt phn trong kin trc an ton h thng tng th. Hn th na, mc an ton to bi vic s dng IPsec cn ph thuc vo nhiu kha cnh ca mi trng ng dng. V d, thiu st trong OS, kh nng to s ngu nhin thp, cc qui trnh, thc hin qun l h thng tu tin v.v lm gim kh nng an ton do IPSec cung cp. Trong phm vi ti ny s khng cp n nhng kha cnh trn. Thc hin IPsec trn mi trng mt trm hoc mt gateway an ton cho php bo v cho lu lng IP, vic bo v ny trn c s cc yu cu c nh ngha bi mt c s d liu chnh sch an ton do mt ngi dng hoc mt ngi qun tr h thng, hoc bi mt ng dng thit lp v duy tr. Nhn chung, cc gi tin la chn mt trong ba m hnh x l trn c s thng tin mo u lp truyn ti v IP c th hin da vo cc bn ghi vo trong c s d liu (SDP). Mi gi p dng cc dch v an ton Ipsec, hoc b hu b, hoc c php b qua IPsec trn c s cc c s d liu chnh sch. IPsec cung cp cc dch v an ton ti tng IP bng vic cho php mt h thng la chn cc giao thc an ton, quyt nh cc thut ton s dng cho cc dch v, lu tr cc kho b mt cung cp cho cc dch v yu cu. IPsec c th s dng bo v mt hoc nhiu knh truyn gia hai trm, gia hai gateway an ton, hoc gia mt gateway an ton v trm. Tp cc dch v an ton m IPsec c th cung cp bao gm iu khin truy nhp, ton vn phi kt ni, xc thc d liu gc, t chi gi tin lp, bo mt (m ho), v bo mt lung lu lng b gii hn. Bi v cc dch v ny c cung cp ti tng IP, nn c th s dng chng cho bt k mt giao thc no tng no cao hn TCP, UDP, ICMP... IPsec s dng 2 giao thc thc hin an ton lu lng l mo u Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Kha Lun Tt Nghip xc thc (AH), v d liu an ton ng gi (ESP).

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Mo u xc thc IP cung cp ton vn phi kt ni, xc thc d liu gc, v ty chn dch v loi gi pht lp. Giao thc d liu an ton ng gi (P) c th cung cp kh nng kh nng bo mt (m ha), v bo mt lung lu lng b gii hn. N cng c th cung cp ton vn phi kt ni, xc thc d liu gc, v dch v loi b gi lp. + C AH v ESP chuyn dung iu khin truy nhp, trn c s phn phi cc khoa b mt v qun l lung lu lng lien quan n cc giao thc an ton ny. Nhng giao thc an ton ny c th ng dng ring hoc kt hp vi nhau cung cp mt tp mong mun cc dch v an ton cho IPv4 v IPv6. Mi giao thc h tr hai ch : ch truyn ti v ch ng hm. Trong ch truyn ti, cc giao thc cung cp s bo v c bn nht cho cc giao thc lp trn; trong ch ng hm, cc giao thc ng dng cc gi IP i qua ng hm. Khi thc hin IPsec cn phi lm r: Cc dch v an ton s dng v cch kt hp chng. Trng tm vic bo v an ton Cc thut ton s dng an ton hiu qu trn c s bo mt. Bi v cc dch v an ton chia s cc gi tr b mt (kho b mt), IPsec s dng mt tp cc c ch ring bit lu tr cc kho. (cc kho thng c s dng xc thc ton vn v dch v m ho). Vic phn phi nhng kho ny phi c kh nng thc hin bng 2 cch: t ng v nhn cng. b) Cc SA Khi nim SA Mt SA l mt kt ni n gin cung cp cc dch v an ton ruyn ti lu lng. Mt SA s dng AH v ESP cung cp cc dch v an ton, nhng khng s dng ng thi c hai giao thc. Nu AH v ESP c ng dng vi mt lung lu lng, th cn to ra 2 (hoc nhiu hn) SA bo v lung lu lng. Thng thng, truyn thng hai hng gia hai trm, hoc gia cc gateway an ton s dng hai SA (mt cho mi hng). Mt SA c xc nh duy nht bi mt b 3: ch s tham s an ton (SPI), a Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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ch IP ch v giao thc an ton (AH hoc ESP). Theo nguyn tc, a ch ch c th l a ch n hng, mt a ch qung b, hoc mt a ch a hng. Tuy nhin, c ch qun l SA ca IPsec hin thi c nh ngha ch cho SA n hng. Theo , SA c xem nh l dung truyn thng im - im, mc d c th dng cho trng hp im-a im. C hai kiu SA c nh ngha: SA ch truyn ti v SA ch ng hm. Mt SA ch truyn ti l mt SA gia hai trm. Trong trng hp s dng ESP, mt SA ch truyn ti ch cung cp cc dch v an ton cho cc giao thc tng cao hn, khng dng cho mo u IP hay cc mo u m rng c trc mo u ESP. Trong trng hp s dng AH, vic bo v cng c m rng cho nhng phn c chn ca mo u IP, nhng phn c chn ca cc mo u m rng, cc tu chn c la chn (c trong mo u IPv4, mo u m rng Hop-by Hop IPv6). Mt SA ch ng hm l mt SA c ng dng cho mt ng hm IP. Khi mt u ca SA l mt gateway an ton, th SA phi ch ng hm. Hai host c th thit lp mt SA ch ng hm gia chng. SA ng hm xut hin tu thuc vo s cn thit loi b nhng vn tim n i vi vic phn mnh v tp hp li cc gi tin, v trong nhng trng hp khi c nhiu knh truyn (qua nhiu gateway an ton khc nhau) tn ti ti cng mt ch n sau cc gateway an ton. Nu AH c thc hin ch ng hm, nhng phn ca mo u IP pha ngoi c bo v tt nh trong trng hp gi IP ng hm. Nu ESP c thc hin, vic bo v c thc hin ch cho cc gi ng hm, khng cho cc mo u pha ngoi. Cc chc nng ca SA Vic cung cp dch v an ton khi s dng SA ph thuc vo giao thc an ton c la chn, ch SA, cc u cui ca SA, v cc dch v tu chn trong giao thc. Tu chn AH cung cp vic xc nhn d liu gc v ton vn phi kt ni cho d liu IP. AH cho php dch v loi b lp tu theo pha thu, nhm h tr b m khi c cc cuc tn cng t chi dch v. AH nh l mt giao thc tng ng thc hin khi vic bo mt khng c yu cu (hoc khng c php, ph thuc vo cc hn ch ca chnh ph v bo mt). AH cng cung cp xc thc nhng phn ca mo u IP c la chn, n c th l cn thit trong mt vi trng hp. V d, nu tnh ton vn cho tu chn IPv4 hoc mo u m rng IPsec phi c bo v trn ng truyn gia b thu v b pht, AH c th cung cp dch v ny (ngoi tr trng hp Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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khng th d on trc nhng nhng phn c th thay i ca mo u IP). Tu chn ESP cung cp s bo mt cho lu lng. ESP cng c th cung cp tu chn vic xc thc. Nu vic xc thc c tho thun cho mt ESP SA, b thu cng c th a ra dch v chng lp vi cng mt chc nng nh dch v chng lp do AH cung cp. Phm vi ca xc thc cho php bi ESP hp hn so vi AH, cc mo u IP pha ngoi mo u ESP khng c bo v. Nu cc giao thc tng trn cn c xc thc, th xc thc ESP l mt tu chn ph hp v c hiu qu hn so vi vic s dng AH. Lu rng c bo mt v xc nhn u l tu chn, khng th thc hin c hai cng mt lc, nhng ti thiu phi la chn mt trong hai giao thc. Nu dch v bo mt c la chn, th SA ESP gia 2 gateway an ton c th bo mt lung lu lng cc b. Vic s dng ch ng hm cho php cc mo u IP pha trong c m ho, che giu lu lng ngun v ch. Hn th na, vic chn thm d liu ESP cng c th giu i kch thc ca gi tin, giu i cc c tnh m rng ca lu lng. Dch v bo mt lung lu lng tng t c th cho php khi mt ngi dng di ng ng k mt a ch IP ng trong trng hp quay s, v thit lp (ch ng hm) SA ESP ti mt firewall ca t chc (ng vai tr nh mt gateway an ton ). 2.2.2. Kin trc an ton ca giao thc IPV6 Kin trc an ton ca IPv6 da trn nn tng ca kin trc an ton cho mng Internet N c h tr bi cc mo u m rng N da trn 2 c ch: Mo u xc thc (AH) D liu an ton ng gi (ESP) AH v ESP c th s dng ring hoc kt hp vi nhau, cung cp an ton cho d liu. 2.2.3. Cc giao thc an ton trong IPV6 2.2.3.1 Giao thc mo u xc thc (AH) Mo u xc thc IP (AH) thng dng cung cp ton vn phi kt ni, xc thc d liu gc cho cc d liu IP ( y ch cp ti vn xc thc) v bo v chng lp. B thu c th chn cc dch v khng bt buc khi mt SA c thit lp. AH cung cp xc thc cho nhiu mo u IP n mc c th, nh l cho d liu giao thc tng cao hn. Tuy nhin, mt vi trng mo u IP c th thay i khi truyn v Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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b pht khng d on gi tr ca cc trng khi b thu nhn gi tin. AH khng bo v gi tr ca cc trng nh vy. Do vic bo v mo u IP do AH cung cp l theo tng phn. AH c th p dng ring, hay kt hp vi d liu an ton ng gi IP (ESP), hay lng nhau bng vic s dng ch ng hm. Cc dch v an ton c th cung cp gia hai trm, hai gateway an ton, hoc c th gia mt trm v mt gateway an ton. ESP c th dng cung cp cc dch v tng t, v n cng cung cp dch v bo mt (m ho). im khc bit chnh gia vic xc thc gia AH v ESP l phm vi thc hin, ESP khng bo v cc trng mo u IP, tr khi cc trng c ng gi bng ESP (trong ch ng hm). a) nh dng mo u xc thc Mo u giao thc t ngay trc mo u AH s cha gi tr 51 trong trng mo u k tip.

Trng mo u k tip (Next Header) Mo u k tip l mt trng 8 bit xc nh kiu ca d liu tip sau mo u xc thc. Gi tr ny c chn t tp cc s giao thc IP c nh ngha trong RFC cc s c ng k.

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y l mt trng 8 bit ch ra di ca AH theo n v t 32 bit, tr 2. (Tt c cc mo u m rng IPv6, theo RFC 1883, m ho trng di mo u m rng bng cch tr i 1 t 64 bt t di ca mo u. AH l mt mo u m rng IPv6. Tuy nhin, khi di c tnh bng n v 32 bit, th n s tr i 2 (t 32 bit)). Trong trng hp thm gi tr xc thc 96 bit, di trng ny s l 4. Thut ton xc thc NULL c th s dng vi mc ch bt li. Trng ny c gi tr 2 vi IPv6, khng tng ng vi trng d liu xc thc. Trng cha dng (Reserved) Trng 16 bit cha dng dnh cho tng lai. N phi c gi tr 0. (gi tr ny vn c tnh trong d liu xc thc nhng b b qua ni nhn). Trng ch s cc tham bin an ton (SPI) SPI l mt gi tr 32 bit, kt hp vi a ch IP ch v giao thc an ton (AH), xc nh duy nht SA cho d liu ny. Tp cc gi tr SPI trong khong 1255 c dnh ring theo ti liu cc s ng k Internet dung cho tng lai; IANA s khng ng k mt gi tr dnh ring SPI, tr khi mt RFC ch r vic s dng n. N thng thng c chn bi h thng ch da vo vic thit lp SA. Gi tr SPI bng 0 c dnh ring. V d, vic qun l kho c th s dng SPI 0 vi ngha khng c SA tn ti trong giai on vic thc hin IPSec yu cu thc th qun l kho thit lp mt SA mi, nhng SA cha c thit lp. Trng s tun t (Sequence Number) y l trng 32 bit cha gi tr m tng tng bc. N bt buc v lun c thm ch c khi, b thu khng quyt nh s dng dch v chng lp cho mt SA. B m ca bn pht v b m ca b thu cng c khi to bng 0 khi SA c thit lp. Nu s dng dch v chng lp (ngm nh), s tun t truyn i khng bao gi c php quay vng. Do , b m ca bn thu v pht phi c xo (bng vic thit lp SA mi v do l kho mi) trc khi s gi truyn trn SA t gi tr 2^32. Trng d liu xc thc (Authentication Data) y l mt trng c di bin i, dng cha gi tr kim tra ton vn cho gi tin. Trng phi c di l bi s 32 bit. Trng ny c th bao c phn n Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Ging nh ESP, AH c th thc hin theo hai cch: ch truyn ti hoc ch ng hm. Ch u ch dng vi cc thc thi trn trm bo v cho cc giao thc tng cao hn, bng vic thm vo cc trng mo u IP c la chn. Trong ch truyn ti, AH c chn sau mo u IP v trc giao thc tng cao hn TCP, UDP hay trc bt k mo u IPSec c chn vo. Vi IPv6, AH c xem nh l d liu u cui - u cui, v do n xut hin sau cc mo u m rng hop-byhop, nh tuyn, v phn on. Cc mo u m rng tu chn ch c th xut hin trc hoc sau mo u AH tu thuc vo ng cnh yu cu. Di y l hnh minh ho cho v tr trong ch truyn ti vi gi IPv6 thng thng:

* Nu c, c th trc hoc sau AH, hoc c hai. AH ch ng hm c th thc hin ti trm hoc gateway an ton. Khi mt gateway an ton thc hin AH ( bo v lu lng truyn), th ch ng hm c s dng. Trong ch ng hm, mo u IP bn trong mang cc a ch ngun ch cui cng, trong khi mo u IP bn ngoi c th cha cc a ch IP khc nhau, c th l a ch ca cc gateway an ton an ton. Trong ch ng hm, AH bo v ton b gi tin IP bn trong, bao gm c mo u bn trong. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN Trn nh Trng- K49

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Thng Tin Di ng

* Nu c, c th trc AH, sau AH, hoc c hai. Cc thut ton xc thc SA ch ra thut ton xc thc dng tnh ton ICV. Vi truyn thng im im, cc thut ton xc thc ph hp bao gm cc m xc thc thng bo c kho (MACs) trn c s cc thut ton m ho i xng (nh DES) hoc trn cc hm bm mt ng (MD5 hoc SHA-1). Vi truyn thng a hng, cc thut ton bm mt ng t hp thut ton ch k bt i xng l ph hp, mc d s cn nhc v hiu sut v khng gian hin ti lm hn ch cc thut ton ny. Cc thut ton xc thc bt buc l: - HMAC vi MD5. - HMAC vi SHA-1. Ngoi ra, cc thut ton khc cng c th c h tr. X l gi i ra Trong ch truyn ti, bn pht chn mo u AH sau mo u IP v trc mo u giao thc tng trn. Trong ch ng hm, mo u cc m rng IP trong v ngoi c th lin kt vi nhau theo nhiu cch. Vic xy dng mo u cc m rng IP trong v ngoi trong qu trnh ng gi c nu trong ti liu kin trc an ton. Nu s dng nhiu hn mt mo u m rng IP, trnh t p dng ca cc mo u an ton phi c nh ngha bi chnh sch an ton. Vi qu trnh x l n gin, mi mo u IP nn b qua s tn ti ca mo u IPSec c p dng sau .

Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN

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Trn nh Trng- K49

Kha Lun Tt Nghip Tm kim SA

Thng Tin Di ng

AH c p dng cho gi tin i ra ch sau mt thc thi IPSec quyt nh rng gi tin c kt hp vi mt SA gi qu trnh x l AH. Tin trnh quyt nh vic x l IPSec no p dng cho lu lng i ra c m t trong ti liu kin trc an ton. Sinh s tun t B m ca bn pht c khi to bng 0 khi thit lp SA. B pht tng s tun t cho SA ny v a gi tr mi vo trng s tun t. Nu dch v chng lp c dng (ngm nh), b pht s kim tra m bo rng b m khng b quay vng trc khi gi tr mi c chn vo trng s tun t. B pht khng phi gi mt gi trn SA nu vic l nguyn nhn lm s tun t quay vng. C gng gi mt gi tin lm trn s tun t l mt s kin b theo di. B pht gi s rng dch v c dng l ngm nh, tr khi c thng bo khc t b thu. Do , nu b m b xoay vng, b pht s thit lp mt SA mi v kha (tr trng hp, SA c cu hnh vi qun l kho nhn cng). Nu dch v chng lp b cm, b pht khng cn gim st hoc xo b m, nh trong trng hp qun l kho nhn cng. Tuy nhin, b pht vn tng b m v khi t n gi tr cc i, b m s quay li gi tr 0. Vic tnh ton gi tr kim tra ton ICV AH c tnh ton thng qua: Cc trng mo u IP khng thay i trong qu trnh truyn hoc d on trc c gi tr da vo im n ca AH SA. Mo u AH (mo u k tip, di d liu, phn dnh ring, SPI, s tun t v d liu xc thc (n c t bng 0 vi tnh ton ny) v cc byte n r rng nu c. D liu giao thc mc trn, m n c gi s l khng thay i trong qu trnh truyn. Phn mnh d liu Nu cn thit, vic phn mnh IP xy ra sau khi x l AH trong khi thc hin IPSec. Do , AH ch truyn ti c p dng ch cho c d liu IP (ch khng phi cc mnh). Mt gi IP p dng AH c p dng c th b phn mnh bi cc router trn ng i, v cc phn mnh ny phi c tp hp li trc qu trnh x l AH ti b thu. Trong ch ng hm, AH c p dng cho c gi IP, m d liu ca n c th l mt gi IP b phn mnh. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Trn nh Trng- K49

Kha Lun Tt Nghip X l cc gi i vo

Thng Tin Di ng

Nu c nhiu hn mt mo u m rng IP , qu trnh x l cho mi mo u s b qua cc mo u IPSec p dng tip theo mo u ang c x l. Tp hp Nu cn thit, vic tp hp c thc hin trc khi x l AH. Nu mt gi x l AH l phn on IP, trng Offset l khc 0 hoc c nhiu phn on c t, b thu phi b qua gi tin; y l s kin theo di. bn ghi theo di cho s kin nn bao gm gi tr SPI, ngy gi, a ch ngun, a ch ch v ID lung (trong IPv6). Tm SA Khi nhn gi tin cha mo u xc thc IP, b thu s quyt nh SA tng ng da trn c s a ch IP ch, giao thc an ton (AH), v SPI. (Qu trnh x l ny c m t r hn trong ti liu kin trc an ton). SA ny ch ra trng s tun t s c kim tra, ch ra thut ton thc hin tnh ICV, v ch ra kho yu cu m bo ICV. Nu khng tn ti SA ph hp cho phin lm vic ny (hoc b thu khng c kho), b thu phi loi b gi tin; y l mt s kin theo di. Bn ghi theo di nn bao gm cc thng tin SPI, ngy gi, a ch ngun, a ch ch v ID lung (IPv6). Xc minh s tun t Tt c mi thc thi AH phi h tr dch v chng lp, mc d b thu c th cho php dng hoc cm vi mi SA. Nu b thu khng cho php dch v chng lp cho SA, th khng c kim tra i vo c thc hin vi s tun t. Tuy nhin, t mi b pht t xa lun ngm nh l dch v chng lp c s dng ti b thu. trnh vic b pht gim st s tun t v thit lp SA khng cn thit, b thu nn thng bo cho b pht trong qu trnh thit lp SA, nu nh b thu khng s dng dch v bo v chng lp. Nu b thu s dng dch v chng lp vi SA ny, b m gi nhn ca SA phi c khi to bng 0 khi SA c thit lp. Khi nhn mt gi tin, b thu phi xc minh rng gi tin cha s tun t khng b lp vi bt k gi tin khc trong qu trnh tn ti ca SA. Sau khi gi tin ph hp SA, vic kim tra AH c thc hin trc tng tc loi b gi tin lp. Cc gi lp b t chi qua vic s dng ca s nhn trt. Kch thc ca s ti thiu 32 phi c h tr; nhng ca s kch c 64 c a dung v nn s dng nh gi tr ngm nh. B thu c th la chn cc kch thc ca s khc ln hn gi tr ti thiu. Pha bn phi ca s biu din gi tr s tun t cao nht ng m b thu nhn c trn SA. Cc gi tin cha s tun t thp hn bin tri ca ca s b t chi. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Trn nh Trng- K49

Kha Lun Tt Nghip

Thng Tin Di ng

Cc gi trong ca s c kim tra vi cc gi trong danh sch nhn c nm trong ca s. Nu gi tin nhn nm trong ca s v l mi, hoc nu gi tin bn phi ca ca s, th b thu tin hnh xc minh ICV. Nu kim tra ICV khng thnh cng, b thu phi loi b d liu IP nhn c; y l s kin theo di. Bn ghi theo di nn bao gm gi tr SPI, ngy/gi , a ch ngun, a ch ch, s tun t , v ID lung (IPv6). Ca s nhn c cp nht ch khi ICV xc minh thnh cng. Xc minh gi tr kim tra ton vn B thu tnh ton ICV thng qua cc trng tng ng ca gi tin, s dng cc thut ton xc thc c th, v xc minh rng n bng gi tr ICV trong trng d liu xc thc ca gi tin. Nu ICV tnh ton v nhn c l ph hp, th d liu l ng, v n c chp nhn. Nu kim tra tht bi, b thu phi loi b gi tin; y l s kin phi theo di. n ghi theo di nn bao gm gi tr SPI, ngy gi , a ch ngun, a ch ch, s tun t, v ID lung (IPv6). 2.2.3.2. Giao thc d liu an ton ng gi (ESP) Mo u d liu an ton ng gi(ESP ) c thit k cung cp cc dch v an ton hn hp. ESP c th p dng ring, kt hp vi mo u xc thc IP (AH), hoc lng nhau, qua vic s dng trong ch ng hm. Cc dch v an ton c th cung cp gia hai trm, hai gateway an ton hoc gia trm v gateway an ton. Mo u ESP c chn sau mo u mo u IP v trc mo u giao thc tng trn (ch truyn ti) hoc mo u IP c ng gi (ch ng hm). Cc ch ny s c m t k hn phn sau. ESP thng c dng cung cp bo mt, xc thc d liu gc, ton vn phi kt ni, v dch v chng lp, v bo mt lung lu lng b gii hn. Tp cc dch v c cung cp ph thuc vo vic la chn lc thit lp SA v sp t vic thc hin. Bo mt c th c la chn c lp vi mi dch v khc. Tuy nhin, vic s dng bo mt khng c ton vn xc thc c th a lu lng ti kh nng b cc cuc tn cng, m chng c th lm hng dch v bo mt. Xc thc d liu gc v ton vn d liu phi kt ni l cc dch v chung (cng hiu l xc thc) v cho php nh mt la chn cng vi bo mt (tu chn). Dch v chng lp c th c chn ch khi vic xc thc d liu gc c la chn, v c yu cu ca b thu. (Mc d, mc nh b pht tng s tun t dng cho dch v chng lp, dch v ny ch hiu qu nu b thu kim tra s tun t). Bo mt lung lu lng yu cu chn ch ng hm, v n hiu qu nht nu c thc thi ti gateway an ton, ni thc hin vic tho thun lu lng m c th l che giu cc cp ngun ch thc Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Trn nh Trng- K49

Kha Lun Tt Nghip

Thng Tin Di ng

s. Lu , mc d c bo mt v xc thc l tu chn, nhng ti thiu mt trong s chng phi c la chn. a) nh dng gi tin d liu an ton ng gi Mo u giao thc (IPv6) trung gian trc mo u ESP s cha gi tr 50 trong trng mo u k tip (IPv6 ).

* Nu c, tp hp trong trng d liu, d liu ng b m ho, v d vector khi to, thng thng khng c m ho. mc d n thng lin quan nh mt phn ca vn bn m ho. Trng ch s cc tham s an ton (SPI) SPI l mt gi tr 32 bit tu , kt hp vi a ch IP ch v giao thc an ton (ESP), xc nh duy nht SA cho d liu. Tp cc gi tr SPI trong khong 1.255 c dnh ring bi ti liu cc s ng k Internet (IANA) dng cho tng lai. Cc gi tr SPI dnh s khng c ng k bi IANA tr khi n c ch r trong mt RFC. N c la chn do cc h thng ch ph thuc vo vic thit lp SA. Trng SPI l bt buc. SPI bng 0 c dng ring, v d, thc hin qun l kho c th xo SPI v 0 vi ngha Khng tn ti SA trong sut giai on IPSec yu cu thc th qun l kho thit lp mt SA mi, nhng SA cha c c thit lp. Trng s tun t L trng s 32 bit khng du cha b m tng tng bc (s tun t). N l trng bt buc v lun c thm ch c khi b thu khng chn dch v chng lp cho mt SA c th. B pht lun gi trng ny nhng vic x l n th tu thuc vo b Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Trn nh Trng- K49

Kha Lun Tt Nghip

Thng Tin Di ng

thu. B m bn pht v b m c khi to bng 0 khi SA c thit lp. (gi tin u tin gi s dng SA s c s tun t bng 1). Nu dch v chng lp c dng (ngm nh), s tun t truyn khng bao gi c php quay vng. Do b m bn pht pht v thu phi xo (bng cch thit lp mt SA mi v kho mi) trc khi truyn 232 trn mt SA. Trng d liu c ch (Payload Data) D liu c ch l trng c di thay i cha d liu c m t bi trng mo u. Trng d liu c ch l bt buc v di l mt s nguyn cc byte. Nu thut ton s dng m ho d liu yu cu d liu ng b ho bo mt, v d mt vector khi to, th d liu c th c truyn r rng trong trng d liu. Cc thut ton m ho phi r rng, d liu ng b mi gi tin phi ch ra di, cu trc d liu, v v tr ca d liu nh mt phn ca ti liu khuyn ngh cch thut ton s dng vi ESP. Nu d liu ng b ho khng r rng, thut ton nhn c t d liu phi l mt phn ca khuyn ngh. Vi vi ch x l trn c s IV, b thu x l IV nh l bt u ca vn bn m ha, a vo trong thut ton trc tip. Trong nhiu ch , vic lin kt bt u vn bn m ho khng phi l vn ti b thu. Trong vi trng hp, b thu c IV ring vi vn bn m ho.Trong cc trng hp ny, thut ton c th phi ch ra cch lin kt vn bn m ho c thc hin. Trng n (dng cho m ha) C nhiu nhn t yu cu vic s dng trng n: Nu thut ton m ho c thc hin yu cu vn bn thng phi l bi ca mt s no , v d kch thc khi ca mt khi m ho, trng n thng dng y vn bn thng thng (bao gm d liu c ch, di n v cc trng mo u k tip) t c kch thc yu cu bi thut ton. Trng n c th c yu cu, bt k thut ton m ho, m bo vn bn m ho kt thc vi mt bin 4 byte.Trng n ph thuc vo yu cu ca thut ton hoc l do cn chnh, hoc c th s dng che giu di thc ca d liu, h tr bo mt lung lu lng. Tuy nhin, vic thm trng n c tc ng n bng thng nn cn phi cn nhc khi s dng. B pht c th gi t 0 255 byte n. Mc d trng n trong gi ESP l tu chn, nhng mi thc hin vn phi h tr vic to v s dng phn n. a. Cho mc ch m bo cc bit c m ho l bi s ca kch thc khi do Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Trn nh Trng- K49

Kha Lun Tt Nghip

Thng Tin Di ng

thut ton ra, tnh ton phn n p dng cho d liu c ch loi tr IV, di n, v cc trng mo u tip theo. b. Cho mc ch m bo d liu xc thc c cn l trong mt bin 4 byte, vic tnh ton trng n p dng cho d liu c ch k c IV, di n, v cc trng mo u tip theo. Nu vic n l cn thit nhng thut ton m ho khng ch r ni dung d liu n, th qu trnh x l ngm nh s c thc hin. Cc byte n c khi to vi mt lot cc gi tr nguyn (1 byte khng du). Byte n u tin c chn vo vn bn vi s l 1, sau l cc byte vi s tng tun t. Khi lc n c p dng, b thu nn kim tra k trng n. (lc ny c chn do tnh on gin d dng thc hin trn phn cng v bi n cho php vic bo v gii hn chng li cc mu tn cng cut and pase t nhin khi khng c cc php o ton vn khc, nu b thu kim tra gi tr n da vo vic gii m). Nu thut ton m ho yu cu vic n khc ngm nh, th n phi nh ngha trong ni dung n (v d: 0 hoc ly ngu nhin) v qu trnh x l b thu yu cu bt k ca cc byte n trong mt khuyn ngh ch ra cch thut ton thc hin vi ESP. Trong nhiu trng hp, ni dung ca trng n s c quyt nh bi thut ton m ho v ch c chn v c nh ngha trong khuyn ngh thut ton ph hp. Trng di n Trng di ch ra s byte n ngay trc n. Gi tr t 0.255, gi tr 0 ch khng c byte n. Trng di n l bt buc. Trng mo u k tip Trng mo u k tip l mt trng 8 bit ch kiu ca d liu trong trng d liu, mt mo u m rng trong IPv6 hoc mt giao thc tng trn. Gi tr ca trng ny l mt trong cc s nh ngha giao thc trong RFC cc s ng k gn y nht. Trng mo u k tip l mt trng bt buc. Trng d liu xc thc D liu xc thc l mt trng c di thay i cha gi tr kim tra ton vn (ICV) c tnh ton trn gi ESP tr i d liu xc thc. di ca trng c ch ra bi hm xc thc c la chn. Trng d liu xc thc l tu chn, v n ch c Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN Trn nh Trng- K49

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Kha Lun Tt Nghip

Thng Tin Di ng

khi dch v xc thc c s dng vi SA. Thut ton xc thc phi ch r di ca ICV, quy tc so snh v tng bc thc hin. b) X l giao thc an ton ng gi Xc nh v tr mo u ESP Ging nh AH, ESP c th c thc hin theo hai cch: ch truyn ti v ch ng hm. Ch u tin ch p dng vi cc thc thi ti trm nhm cung cp bo v cho cc giao thc tng cao hn, khng phi cho mo u tng IP. Trong ch truyn ti, ESP c chn vo sau mo u IP v trc giao thc tng cao hn TCP, UDP hay trc bt k mo u IPSec no khc, c chn vo. Trong trng hp IPv6, ESP c xem nh l d liu u cui - u cui, do nn xut hin sau cc mo u m rng hop by hop, nh tuyn, v phn mnh. Cc mo u m rng tu chn ch c th xut hin trc hoc sau mo u ESP tu vo ng cnh thc hin. Tuy nhin, ESP ch bo v cc trng sau mo u ESP, ni chung l c th t mo u tu chn ch sau mo u ESP. Di y l lc minh ho cho v tr ESP ch truyn ti cho gi IPv6 thng thng:

* Nu c, xut hin trc hoc sau ESP hoc c hai. ESP ch ng hm c th c thc hin ti cc trm hoc cc gateway an ton. Khi mt ESP c thc hin trn mt gateway an ton ( bo v lu lng truyn thu bao), ch ng hm phi c thc hin. Trong ch ng hm, Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Trn nh Trng- K49

Kha Lun Tt Nghip

Thng Tin Di ng

mo u IP bn trong mang cc a ch ngun, ch cui cng, cn mo u IP ngoi c th cha cc a ch IP khc v d nh: a ch ca gateway an ton. Trong ch ng hm, ESP bo v ton b gi IP bn trong, bao gm c mo u IP bn trong. Lc ch ra v tr ESP ch ng hm i vi gi IPv6:

* Nu c, xy dng cc mo u/ cc m rng IP ngoi v thay i mo u m rng IP trong c tho lun di y: Cc thut ton Cc thut ton bt buc phi c h tr khi p dng ESP: - DES trong ch CBC [MD97] - HMAC vi MD5 [MG97a] - HMAC vi SHA-1 [MG97b] - Thut ton xc thc NULL - Thut ton m ho NULL Cc thut ton khc cng c th c p dng. Mc d bo mt v xc thc l tu chn, nhng ti thiu mt trong hai dch v phi c la chn. Cc thut ton m ho: Thut ton m ho thc hin c ch ra bi SA. ESP c thit k s dng cc thut ton m ho i xng. Do cc gi tin c nhn khng c th t, nn mi gi tin phi mang cc d liu c yu cu cho php b thit lp vic ng b ho bo mt cho vic gii m. D liu ny c th r rng trong trng d liu v d mt IV, hoc d liu c th xut pht t mo u gi tin. ESP thc hin vic n Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Trn nh Trng- K49

Kha Lun Tt Nghip

Thng Tin Di ng

vn bn, v cc thut ton m ho thc hin vi ESP c th a ra cc c tnh khi hoc ch lung. Lu rng vic m ho (bo mt) l tu chn nn thut ton c th NULL. Cc thut ton xc thc: Thut ton xc thc thc hin cho tnh ton ICV c ch nh bi SA. Vi truyn thng im - im, cc thut ton xc thc ph hp bao gm cc m xc thc thng bo c kho trn c s cc thut ton m ho i xng (DES) hoc mt hm bm mt ng (v d MD5 or SHA-1). Vi trng hp a pht, cc thut ton bn kt hp vi thut ton ch k khng i xng tng ng, mc d cc vn v hiu sut v khng gian hin cn tr vic thc hin cc thut ton ny. Lu xc thc l tu chn nn thut ton c th l NULL. X l cc gi i ra Trong ch truyn ti, b pht ng gi cc thng tin giao thc tng trn trong mo u ESP, v gi li cc mo u IP c th (v cc mo u IP m rng bt k trong trng hp IPv6). Trong ch ng hm, cc mo u/ m rng IP trong v ngoi c th lin h vi nhau theo nhiu cch. Nu c nhiu hn mt mo u m rng IPSec c yu cu bi chnh sch an ton, th t p dng cc mo u an ton phi c nh ngha trong chnh sch an ton. Tm kim SA ESP c p dng cho gi i ra chi sau khi mt thc thi IPSec quyt nh rng gi tin c lin kt vi mt SA c gi qu trnh x l ESP. Qu trnh gii quyt x l IPSec p dng cho lu lng i ra c m t trong ti liu kin trc an ton. Vic m ho gi tin Chng ta cp n cc thut ng m ho thng c s dng. Trng hp khng c bo mt c hiu l s dng thut ton NULL. ng gi(vo trng d liu ESP ): - Vi ch truyn ti ch cho thng tin gc ca giao thc tng cao hn - Vi ch ng hm d liu IP gc y . Thm cc phn n cn thit.

M ho kt qu (d liu, phn n, di n, v mo u k tip) s dng kho, thut ton m ho, ch thut ton c ch nh bi SA v d liu
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Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN

Trn nh Trng- K49

Kha Lun Tt Nghip ng b m ho (nu c).

Thng Tin Di ng

- Nu d liu ng b m ho r rng, v d nh IV, c ch nh, n l u vo cho tthut ton m ho v c t vo trng d liu. - Nu d liu ng b m ho n, mt IV, c ch nh, n s c xy dng v u vo cho thut ton m ho. Nu vic xc thc c la chn, m ho c thc hin trc vic xc thc, v vic m ho khng cha trng d liu xc thc. Cch sp xp ny nhm x l d dng, tng tc d tm, loi b v t chi cc gi tin lp hoc b lm gi ti b thu, trc khi gii m gi tin, theo lm gim kh nng nh hng ca cc cuc tn cng t chi dch v. N cng cho php kh nng x l song song cc gi tin ti b thu. Vic gii m c th tin hnh song song vi vic xc thc. Lu rng d liu xc thc khng c m ho , mt thut ton xc thc kho phi thc hin vic tnh ton ICV. Sinh s tun t B m bn pht c khi to bng 0 khi SA c thit lp. B pht tng dn gi tr tun t cho SA v chn gi tr ny vo trng s tun t. Do gi tin u tin gi vi SA c s tun t l 1. Nu dch v chng lp c s dng, b pht kim tra m bo s tun t khng b quay vng trc khi chn vo trng s tun t. Mt khc b pht khng c gi mt gi trn mt SA nu xy ra s tun t b quay vng. C gng truyn gi tin c s tun t b trn l mt s kin b theo di. B pht gi s rng vic s dng dch v chng lp l ngm nh, tr khi c thng bo khc t pha b thu. Do nu b m b quay vng, b pht s thit lp mt SA v kho mi (ngoi tr trng hp, SA c cu hnh qun l kho nhn cng). Nu dch v chng lp b cm, b pht khng cn gim st hoc xo b m nh trong trng hp qun l kho nhn cng. Tuy nhin, b pht vn tng gi tr ca b m v khi n t gi tr cc i n s quay tr li 0. Vic tnh gi tr ton vn Nu vic xc thc c la chn cho SA, b pht tnh ICV thng qua gi ESP tr d liu xc thc. Do SPI, s tun t, d liu c ch, phn n (nu c), di n, v mo u k tip c tnh n trong tnh ton ICV. Lu rng 4 trng cui s nm trong mu vn bn m ho, vic m ho tin hnh trc vic xc thc. Vi mt vi thut ton xc thc, chui byte m trn tnh ton ICV c thc hin phi l bi ca ca kch thc ch ra bi thut ton. Nu di ca chui byte khng , vic n n phi c thc hin nhm chn vo cui gi ESP (sau trng mo u k tip) Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Trn nh Trng- K49

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trc khi tnh ton ICV. Cc byte n phi c gi tr 0. Kch thc khi (theo l di ca phn n) c ch nh bi ti liu thut ton Phn n khng c truyn cng gi tin. MD5 v SHA 1 c xem nh l c kch thc khi bng 1 byte. Phn mnh d liu Nu cn thit, vic phn mnh c thc hin sau x l ESP khi thc thi IPSec. Do , ESP ch truyn ti ch p dng cho d liu IP (khng b phn mnh). Mt gi IP p dng ESP c th b phn mnh bi cc router trn ng i, v cc mnh phi c ghp li trc khi thc hin x l ESP ti b thu. Trong ch ng hm, ESP c p dng cho gi IP vi d liu c th l ca cc gi IP b phn mnh. X l gi i vo Tp hp li Nu c yu cu, vic tp hp thc hin trc x l ESP. Nu mt gi cho ESP x l xut hin l mt phn on IP, trng offset l khc 0 v c MORE FRAGMENTS c t, th b thu phi loi b gi tin ny; y l s kin theo di. Bn ghi theo di cho s kin ny nn bao gm: gi tr SPI, ngy gi nhn, a ch ngun, a ch ch, s tun t v s xc nhn lung (trong IPv6). Tm kim SA Ph thuc vo vic nhn mt gi tin (c tp hp li) cha mt mo u ESP, b thu quyt nh SA (n hng) tng ng, trn c s a ch IP ch, giao thc an ton (ESP ) v SPI. SA ch ra trng s tun t c kim tra hay khng, trng d liu xc thc c hay khng, n ch ra cc thut ton v kho thc hin gii m cng nh tnh ton ICV (nu c th p dng). Nu khng c SA no ph hp cho phin lm vic, b thu phi loi b gi tin; y l mt s kin theo di. Bn ghi theo di cho s kin ny nn bao gm: gi tr SPI, ngy gi nhn, a ch ngun, a ch ch, s tun t v s xc nh lung (trong IPv6). Xc minh s tun t Mi thc thi ESP phi h tr dch v chng lp, mc d n c th c s dng hoc b cm do b thu trn mt SA. Dch v ny khng phi s dng tr khi SA s dng dch v xc thc, mt khc trng s tun t khng bo m tnh ton vn. Dch v chng lp khng nn s dng trong mi trng a pht thc thi mt SA n. Nu b thu khng s dng dch v chng lp cho SA, khng c kim tra i vo c thc hin trn s tun t. Tuy nhin, b pht lun ngm nh dch v chng lp Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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c php ti b thu. trnh trng hp b pht thc hin gim st khng cn thit i vi s tun t v ci t SA, nu mt giao thc thit lp SA nh IKE c thc hin, b thu nn thng bo cho b pht trong qu trnh thit lp SA, nu b thu khng cung cp dch v chng lp. Nu b thu s dng dch v chng lp vi SA, b m gi nhn ca b thu phi khi to bng 0 khi SA c thit lp. Vi mi gi tin nhn c, b thu phi xc minh xem gi tin cha s tun t khng b trng vi bt k gi no khc trong sut thi gian sng ca SA. Nn thc hin kim tra ESP trc, sau mi tm SA ph hp, nhm tng tc loi b cc gi trng. Cc gi trng b loi b thng qua c ch s dng ca s nhn trt. (Cch ca s thc hin l vn mang tnh cc b, nhng phn di s nu ra cc chc nng cn phi c). Kch thc ti thiu ca ca s trt l 32; nhng kch thc 64 c a dng hn v nn s dng nh gi tr ngm nh. Cc kch thc ca s khc (ln hn gi tr cc tiu) cung c th c s dng (b thu khng cn thng bo b pht kch c ca s ca mnh) L phi ca ca s biu din cc gi tr s tun t ng cao nht nhn c vi SA ny. Cc gi tin c s tun t thp hn bn tri ca s b t chi. Gi tin ri vo trong ca s c kim tra vi danh sch cc gi tin nhn c trong ca s. Nu gi tin nhn c ri vo trong ca s v l mi, hoc nu gi tin bn phi ca s, th b thu x l n xc minh ICV. Nu kim tra ICV tht bi, b thu phi loi b d liu IP nhn c; y l mt s kin theo di. Bn ghi theo di cho s kin ny nn bao gm: gi tr SPI, ngy gi nhn, a ch ngun, a ch ch, s tun t v s xc nh lung (trong IPv6). Ca s nhn ch c cp nht nu vic kim tra ICV l thnh cng. Nu gi tin hoc trong ca s hoc l mi, hoc bn ngoi ca s pha bn phi ca s, b thu phi xc thc gi tin trc khi cp nht d liu ca s s tun t. Xc minh gi tr kim tra ton vn Nu vic xc thc c la chn, b thu tnh gi tr ICV thng qua gi ESP ngoi tr d liu xc thc s dng cho thut ton xc thc v xc minh gi tr ca n c ging gi tr lu trong trng ICV trong trng d liu xc thc ca gi tin hay khng. Nu ICV c tnh ton v nhn c l ph hp, th d liu l ng, v n c chp nhn. Nu kim tra tht bi, th b thu phi loi b d liu IP va nhn; y l kin theo di. Bn ghi theo di cho s kin ny nn bao gm: gi tr SPI, ngy gi nhn, a ch ngun, a ch ch, s tun t v s xc nh lung vn bn (trong IPv6). Gii m gi tin Chng ta cp n cc thut ng m ho thng c s dng. Trng hp Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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1. SA ch ra kho, thut ton m ho, ch thut ton v d liu ng b m ho (nu c) gii m d liu c ch ESP, phn n, di n v mo u k tip. - Nu d liu ng b m ho hin, v d IV, c ch nh, n c ly t trng d liu v a vo thut ton gii m. - Nu d liu ng b m ho n n, v d IV, c ch nh, mt phin bn cc b ca IV c to ra v a vo thut ton gii m. 2. X l phn n theo ch dn trong ti thut ton. Nu lc n ngm nh c s dng, b thu nn kim tra k trng n trc khi loi b trc lc chuyn tip d liu c gii m cho tng tip theo. 3. Xy dng li d liu IP gc t: - Vi ch d truyn ti: mo u IP thm cc thng tin giao thc tng cao hn vo trong trng d liu c ch ESP. - Vi ch ng hm: mo u IP ng hm v ton b d liu IP trong trng d liu c ch ESP. Nu vic xc thc c la chn, xc minh v m ho c th thc hin tun t hoc song song. Nu thc hin tun t, th xc minh ICV nn thc hin trc. Nu song song, xc minh phi c thc hin xong trc khi chuyn gi tin c gii m ti tin trnh x l tip theo. Cch sp xp ny nhm tng tc d tm v loi b gi tin lp hoc gi ma trc khi tin hnh gii m, do lm gim kh nng t chi dch v khi xy ra cc cuc tn cng. Nu b thu thc hin gii m song song vi xc thc, vic cn quan tm l trnh cc hon cnh chy ua c th xy ra vi vic truy nhp gi tin v xy dng li gi tin c gii m. C nhiu kh nng dn n vic gii m khng thnh cng: a. SA c chn c th khng chnh xc SA c th chn nhm v s gi mo SPI, a ch ch hoc cc trng kiu giao thc IPSec. Nh cc li, nu nh x mt gi ti mt SA hin c, khng th phn bit c t gi b hng (trng hp c). Vic gi mo SPI c th c pht hin qua xc thc. Tuy nhin, mt SA khng ph hp cng vn xy ra do vic gi mo a ch ch hoc kiu giao thc. b. di trng hay cc gi tr n b li - di hoc cc gi tr n sai c Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN Trn nh Trng- K49

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c. Gi ESP m ho c th b li n c th c tm ra nu xc thc c s dng cho SA. Trng hp (a) hoc (c), kt qu ca thao tc m ho li (d liu IP hoc frame tng truyn ti sai) IPSec s khng cn phi d tm, v n l trch nhim ca x l giao thc sau. 2.3. Tng quan v Mobile IP Mobile IP, mt chun m c nh ngha bi IETF, cho php ngi s dng gi chung a ch IP, gi nguyn kt ni, v duy tr cc ng dng trong khi roaming gia cc mng IP. Mobile IP c th phn mc cho Internet v n da trn IP, bt c phng tin truyn thng no h tr IP th u c th h tr Mobile IP. Trong mng IP, nh tuyn c da trn cc a ch IP, ging nh vic mt l th c gi n ch theo a ch trn phong b. Mt thit b trong mng c gi n thng qua nh tuyn IP bi a ch IP, c ch nh trong mng. Mobile IP c to ra m bo cho ngi s dng gi nguyn a ch IP khi di chuyn ti mt mng khc, iu m bo khng c hin tng rt cuc gi khi thc hin roaming. Do cc chc nng linh hot ca Mobile IP c thc hin ti lp mng hn l lp vt l, thit b di ng c th kt ni vi cc kiu mng khng dy khc nhau trong khi vn duy tr c kt ni v cc ng dng khc. Truy cp t xa, in t xa, truyn d liu l mt s cc ng dng v d c th gy ngt thng tin trong khi roaming gia cc mng. Tng t, cc dch v mng nh giy php phn mm, quyn truy cp u da trn cc a ch IP. Vic thay i cc a ch IP c th gy ra vic h hng cc dch v mng. Cc thnh phn trong mng Mobile IP Mng Mobile IP c ba thnh phn c bn nh sau: Mobile Node. Home Agent. Foreign Agent.

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Hnh 2.6: Cc thnh phn v lin kt trong Mobile IP. Mobile node l thit b nh my in thoi di ng, my tnh xch tay c cc phn mm h tr roaming mng. Home Agent l mt b nh tuyn trong mng ch c s dng nh l mt im cho vic lin lc vi Mobile Node, n thit lp tuyn cho cc gi t mt thit b trong Internet, c gi l Correspondent Node, ti Mobile Node roaming. (Mt tuyn c thit lp gia Home Agent v mt im n cho Mobile Node trong Foreign Node). Foreign Agent cng l mt b nh tuyn hot ng nh im gi km cho Mobile Node khi n roaming ti mng khc, gi cc gi t Home Agent ti Mobile Node. Qun l a ch (The Care-of address) l im kt thc ca tuyn i vi Mobile Node khi n nm trong mng khc. Home Agent duy tr vic lien kt gia a ch Home IP ca Mobile Node v qun l a ch (The care-of address), v tr hin ti ca Mobile Node trong mng khc. Hot ng ca Mobile IP Qu trnh hot ng ca Mobile IP gm ba gia on: Tm kim Agent: Mng ch v mng khch pht qung b s sn sng ca h trn cc lin kt ni h c th cung cp dch v. Cc my di ng mi n c th gi yu cu mt kt ni nu mng no sn sng. ng k: Khi my di ng ri mng, n ng k yu cu a ch ca n i vi mng ch nh mng ch c th bit chuyn cc gi d liu ca n n u. Da vo cu hnh mng, my di ng c th ng k trc tip n mng ch hoc gin tip nh mng ngoi. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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ng gi: Qa trnh ng gi km mt gi d liu IP vi phn mo u IP khc cha yu cu a ch ca my di ng. Gi d liu IP vn gi nguyn khng i trong sut qu trnh.

Hnh 2.7. Qu trnh hot ng ca Mobile IP. M gi: Qa trnh m gi phn ngoi cng ca mo u IP ca gi n nh gi d liu nh km c th c truy nhp v phn phi ti a ch thch hp. M gi l qu trnh ngc vi ng gi. Hot ng: Hnh v sau biu th mi quan h gia my di ng, mng ch v mng khch:

Hnh 2.8. Mi quan h gia my di ng, my ch v mng khch. Qa trnh tng qut gm 4 giai on xp theo thi gian: Pht hin mng: Khi mt my ch di ng ra khi mng ch, n mun tm mt mng ch nn n phi kt ni n Internet. C 2 cch tm mng: mt l la chn mt mng t nhng mng bit trc, 2 l pht bn tin yu cu a ch cho n khi mt mng ch p li. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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ng k: My ch di ng ng k bn tin tm gi a ch ca n vi mng ch nhn c dch v. Qa trnh ng k c th c thc hin trc tip t my ch di ng hay c chuyn gin tip qua mng khch ti mng ch ph thuc vo bn tin tm gi c gn mt cch linh ng hay c nh. C th ng k nhiu bn tin tm gi cng mt lc. S dng dch v: ng l giai on ngay sau giai on ng k v trc khi thi gian s dng dch v ht hn. Trong thi gian s dng dch v, my ch di ng nhn c cc bn tin c chuyn hng t mng khch v mng ch. ng hm l phng php chuyn bn tin t mng ch n mng khch v cui cng l n my ch di ng. Hy ng k: Sau khi my ch di ng tr v mng ch, n hy ng k vi mng ch hy bn tin tm gi a ch. Hay ni cch khc, n chuyn bn tin tm gi a ch v mng ch. My ch thc hin iu ny bng cch gi mt bn tin ng k n mng ch vi thi gian sng bng 0. Khng cn phi hy ng k vi mng ch v thi gian s dng dch v t ng ht hn.

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CHNG 3. L TRNH TRIN KHAI NNG CP MNG MOBIFONE LN 3G ALL-IP


3.1. Lch s pht trin Cng ty Thng tin di ng (Vietnam Mobile Telecom Services Company VMS) l doanh nghip Nh nc hng mt trc thuc Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit nam (VNPT). c thnh lp vo nm 1993, VMS tr thnh doanh nghip u tin khai thc dch v thng tin di ng GSM 900/1800 vi thng hiu MobiFone, khi u ca ngnh thng tin di ng Vit Nam. Lnh vc hot ng chnh ca MobiFone l t chc thit k xy dng, pht trin mng li v trin khai cung cp dch v mi v thng tin di ng c cng ngh, k thut tin tin hin i v kinh doanh dch v thng tin di ng cng ngh GSM 900/1800 trn ton quc. n nm 2006, MobiFone tr thnh mng in thoi di ng ln nht Vit Nam vi hn 8.5 triu thu bao, hn 2.500 trm pht sng v 4.200 ca hng, i l cng h thng 15.000 im bn l trn ton quc, MobiFone hin ang cung cp trn 40 dch v gi tr gia tng v tin ch cc loi.

Hnh 3.1 : Biu tng trng ca thu bao Mobifone.

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Cu hnh lu lng thoi v bo hiu gia mng thng tin di ng v cc mng khc, c thc hin qua cc kt ni VMS-PSTN theo hai hng lu lng khc nhau. Hng lu lng quc t (VTI): Lu lng thoi v bo hiu c trung chuyn qua tng i VTI i quc t, chc nng SCCP bo hiu quc t cng c thc hin ti VTI, giao din trung k s dng E1/G.703, bo hiu s dng trn tuyn i quc t l SS7 bao gm MAP v ISUP. Hng lu lng trong nc (VTN): Lu lng thoi v bo hiu c trung chuyn qua tng i VTN, chc nng STP bo hiu cng c thc hin ti cc tng i VTN, giao din trung k s dng E1/G.703, bo hiu s dng trn tuyn quc t bao gm MAC v ISUP.
VTI

Quc T

VMS GSM VTN

Tng i bu in

Tng i doanh nghip mi

Hnh 3.2 : Kt ni mng GSM/VMS vi mng PSTN. MAP - S dng bo hiu cp nht v tr thu bao Roaming gia mng VMS v mng di ng GSM quc t hoc mng di ng trong nc, bo hiu truy vn cp s MSRN thit lp cuc gi gia HLR-MSC/VLR ca hai thu bao di ng, trao i bn tin dch v gi tr gia tng SMS. ISUP - S dng cho vic trao i bo hiu nh tuyn thit lp cuc gi thoi sau khi nhn c s MSRN tr li t tng i ch i vi cuc gi n thu bao di ng, trao i s ch gi trong trng hp s b gi l s c nh.

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Dch v chuyn vng Quc T ( International Roaming ). Dch v chuyn vng trong nc ( National Roaming ). Dch v hp th thoi ( Voice Mail ). Dch v Fax-Data ( 9,6Kb/s ). Dch v Data tc cao ( GPRS 45Kb/s ).

Dch v WAP. Dch v nhn tin ngn SMS, nhn tin ngn hnh nh. Dch v nhn tin Quc T. Dch v Chat bng tin nhn. Dch v ti nhc chung bng SMS. Dch v ti Logo bng SMS. Gi Email bng tin nhn.

Dch v nhn tin qung b ( Cell Broadcting ). Dch v hin th s gi n ( CLIP/CLEAR ). Dch v chuyn tip cuc gi ( CALL FORWARDING ). Dch v gia v ch cuc gi ( CALL HOLDING/WATING ).

3.3. Hng pht trin mng Mobifone VMS Song song vi s pht trin v s lng thu bao l t trng sn lng ngy cng tng ca cc dich v s liu so vi dch v thoi. Theo xu hng chung hin nay trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam, cc dch v thoi ngy cng gim dn, trong khi cc ca cc dch v s liu khng ch ph thuc vo thi gian s dng dch v hoc dung lng s liu truyn trn mng m cn ph thuc vo tnh cht cng nh ni dung ca tng loi dch v v khng c chiu hng gim. Cc loi dch v s liu s c cung cp khng ch bi nh khai thc m cn bi nhiu nh cung cp khc, tc doanh thu cc nh khai thc mng s b san s bt, nu nh khai thc mng khng ch Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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trng t pht trin v cung cp cc dch v s liu. V vic quan tm n cc dch v s liu l xu hng t nhin c cc nh khai thc mng. Nm 2005, tt c cc thu bao s vn tip tc s dng cc dch v s liu truyn thng. S liu thu bao s dng cc dch v s liu mi da trn nn cng ngh GPRS chim khong 5% vo nm 2003, 15% vo nm 2004, v tng 30% nm 2005. D bo n nm 2010 lu lng ch yu trong ton mng s l ca cc dch v s liu, lu lng thoi s ch cn chim mt t l khng ng k v c truyn chung trong mi trng IP (VoiIP). Trong xu th chung cu s pht trin cc dch v thng tin di ng trn ton th gii, cc dch v s liu sau s c trin khai trong cc mng ca Tng cng ty n 2010: Truyn nh, in thoi di ng thy hnh (videofone) Thanh ton trc tuyn qua mng (online banking) Truy nhp Internet s dng cc thng tin trong mng Internet Cc dch v gii tr (games) Cc dch v nh v (location services) v.v. Khng nh dch v thoi, cc dch v s liu (nht l cc dch v s liu cn tc cao) yu cu mt mng li c thit k, xy dng v ti u ha mt cch cng phu, c cht lng, nht thit phi nng cp v cng ngh v phi lp t thm cc h thng cung cp dch v. V vy, mt k hoch pht trin cc dch v s liu trong cc mng di ng c VNPT xy dng v tng bc trin khai ngay t by gi. Cc dch v s liu trong giai on ny s gn lin vi vic trin khai cng ngh 2.5G v 3G. Hin nay trong cc mng Vinafone v Mobifone, Viettel trin khai h thng GPRS v cung cp mt s dch v lin quan. pht trin mng thnh cng v t c hiu qu kinh t cao th vn d bo nhu cu v cc loi hnh dch v l yu t tin quyt. V vy i hi cc nh khai thc phi xem xt cng nh c cc bn d bo kh chnh xc qui m ln. Theo d bo nhu cu trn, nc ta, s thu bao c nhu cu dch v d liu chim khong 15% nm 2004 v tng nhanh n khong 40% vo nm 2010. Tuy nhin, phn ln nhu cu l dch v d liu trung bnh m h thng 2,5G c th p ng c, dch v ch cht l th in t v nhn tin a phng tin. Nhu cu dch v d liu a phng tin cao cp nm 2004 v tng kh chm sau . Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Theo d bo ban u th dch v in thoi truyn hnh di ng s l dch v ch cht ca cc h thng 3G/4G. Tuy nhin, nhng mng th nghim c trin khai gn y trn th gii cho thy tc truyn d liu khng t nh mong mun v ph thuc rt nhiu vo s thu bao ang lin lc trong cell. Tc 2 Mbps l khng t c, tr khi my di ng ngay gn Anten trm gc v ch c mt mnh n lin lc trong cell . Dch v in thoi truyn hnh khng th cung cp c vi cht lng tt, dch v ch cht gi y c d bo l nhn tin a phng tin v truyn nh tnh, nhng dch v ny li i hi s hiu bit v cng ngh thng tin ca c nh cung cp v ngi s dng. Trong tng lai, xu hng pht trin s nhm p ng cc mi trng lm vic linh hot, hot ng giao dch kinh doanh ng s tng nhu cu s dng thng tin s liu trn mng di ng. Nh vy, ch l vn thi gian i vi vic thng tin s liu trn mng di ng tr thnh mt lnh vc kinh doanh mng v hiu qu. Tt nhin chi ph, gi thnh v d s dng s l cha kha cho s thnh cng ca cc dch v s liu. 3.4. L trnh trin khai nng cp h thng 3.4.1 S ra i ca h thng thng tin di ng GSM l mt bc nhy vt ca lnh vc thng tin, mang li cho ngi s dng nhiu li ch kh c th ph nhn. Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut hin i, s i mi cng ngh, thng tin di ng cng ngy cng i mi theo chiu hng pht trin. Trong tin trnh ca s pht trin khng ngng , xu th trin khai pht trin mng 3G l mt xu th tt yu, ang dn c trin khai nhiu nc trn th gii. Vi nhiu h thng tin di ng th h 2 hin dang tn ti, vic trin khai v hi t ti mt cng ngh duy nht 3G l cc k kh khn. Ngi ta a ra cc l trnh khc nhau cho cc cng ngh 2G hin ang tn ti. i vi GSM, y l cng ngh ph bin trn ton cu nn cc nh sn xut cc t chc tiu chun th gii cng c bit ch trng trn vic nng cp ln 3G. ng trc tnh hnh th trng cng nh h tng c s mng thng tin di ng Vit Nam cha tht s ln mnh, vic pht trin h thng thng tin di ng Vit Nam to ra bc t ph trong nghnh cng nghip vin thng. Trong giai on ny, cht lng dch v thoi truyn thng vn l mi quan tm hang u ca khch hng. Bn cnh , s a dng v dch v phn no p ng c nhu cu ca khch hng. Tuy nhin, s pht trin nhanh chng cc dch v s liu m trc ht l s bng n ca Internet trong nhng nm gn y i hi cc nh khai thc mng thng tin di ng Vit Nam, trong c nh khai thc mng MobiFone phi c nhng Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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mc tiu chin lc, ph hp vi hon cnh ring ca nc mnh pht trin ln h thng thng tin di ng th h ba. Th nht, mng MobiFone c xy dng trn c s GSM. Ngoi gii ph 900, gii ph 1800 tht s cn thit tng dung lng. Bn cnh , vic thit k v quy hoch mng nhm nng cao cht lng mng, vic thng xuyn nng cp v m rng mng nhm p ng nhu cu th trng v s pht trin cng ngh trn th gii lun dng vai tr cc k quan trng. Th hai, thit b trn mng MobiFone ch yu do ba nh cung cp l Alcatel, Eicsson v Huawei. y l nhng nh cung cp hng u v thit b vin thng, trong phi c bit k n thit b mng thng tin di ng. Trong tin trnh pht trin khng ngng v mt cng ngh thng tin di ng trn th gii, Alcatel, Eicsson v Huawei c s nghin cu, phn tch v cng chn cho mnh mt xu hng pht trin : GSM GPRS/EDGE WCDMA. T nhng l lun trn, ln trnh pht trin ca mng MobiFone t GSM tin ln th h th ba WCDMA l hp l: Da trn nn tng sn c v th trng v c s tng i mnh ca GSM, mng GSM hon ton hi t iu khin tin ha ln cc h thng thng tin di ng 2,5G (GPRS/EDGE) v 3G (WCDMA) m vn khai thc ti nguyn sn c ca mng li, tn dng ti a hiu qu ca thit b u t. V my u cui, s dng cc my u cui hai ch WCDMA/GSM vi GSM tn dng vng ph song v vi WCDMA s dng cc tnh nng dch v mi MobiFone s c th khai thc cc dch v bng rng trn GSM mt cch trong sut. Ni chung s c rt nhiu my u cui ra i l s kt hp ca cc tiu chun cng ngh khc nhau nhm mc ch nh mt cu ni gia cng ngh. y chnh l mt yu t tng trinh thnh ca khch hng i vi mng li v tnh cnh tranh.

Hnh 3.3 : L trnh trin khai nng cp mng MobiFone ln 3G.

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3.4.2 Theo d on ca cc chuyn gia, cho n nay v cng c th vi nm ti dch v thoi truyn thng s vn ng vai tr ch cht v bnh cnh l s tng trng ngy cng ln mnh v nhu cu dch v s liu, in hnh l dch v nhn tin trn th trng Vit Nam. Do vy, s pht trin song song gia dch v thoi v dch v phi thoi s tt yu tn ti trong mt thi gian di. 3.4.3 GPRS s l cu ni gia h thng thng tin di ng th h 2 v th h th 3. Vic u t h thng GPRS l thc s cn thit nhm tng bc trin khai h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 trn mng. y cng l xu hng tt yu cc nh khai thc thng tin di ng phi thc hin nhm gia vng th trng v tng cng kh nng cnh tranh. GPRS c mt s li ch nh sau: i vi nh khai thc: + Gim chi ph u t: Mt trong nhng gii php tt ti u v mt cng ngh ca mng GSM l c kh nng cung cp (truyn s liu tc cao) m khng phi xy dng mt mng hon ton mi. Thng qua vic trin khai GPRS, nh khai thc dch v c th nng cp h thng GSM ca mnh tin ti mt h thng thng tin di ng th 3, bi GPRS cho php cng tn ti song song vi mng GSM, tn dng ti a kh nng v ngun ti nguyn ri ca thit b hin c trn mng GSM. + Sau khi trin khai GPRS, vic tnh cc s dng dch v ca khch hng c thi gian truy cp h thng hoc da theo nguyn tc theo thi gian tnh theo dung lng d liu c truyn qua h thng hoc kt hp c hai phong php. iu ny lm cho dch v thng tin di ng cng tr nn hp dn khch hng, khng nhng p ng nhu cu s dng dch v tc cao ca khch hng m cn cung cp kh nng la chn v ph s dngao cho ph hp. chnh l tnh mm do v linh hot trong phng n tnh cc s dng dch v mi v GPRS h tr. + Thng qua GPRS, nh cung cp dch v c c hi tt khai thc th trng ng dng mi. T c th nng cao doanh thu v li nhun. + Vi nhiu tnh nng ng dng s hp dn khch hng mi v tng long trung thnh ca khch hng c. + Nng cao hiu qu s dng v tuyn thng qua vic phn b knh linh hot. + Giao din tiu chun v m, c th d dng tch hp cc thit b ca cc nh cung cp khc nhau. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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+ Bng thng rng ca GPRS c th dt ti 50kbps ph thuc vo dung lng ti ca mng li v thit b u cui. i vi ngi s dng: + GPRS cho php ngi s dng lun truy nhp trng thi Online. +Tc truyn d liu tc cao c th t ti 115Kbps. Do c th nhn v gi Email ngay lp tc. + C th d dng thit lp kt ni. + C th s dng ngun thng tin di do thng qua h tr cho a giao thc bao gm c giao thc IP. + Vn c th gi v nhn cuc gi, nhn v gi SMS m khng nh hng ti vic s dng GPRS truy nhp thng tin. + Ch phi tr cc cho d liu thay i, khng phi tr cc cho thi gian truy nhp. C th khng nh mng th h 2,5G s pht trin trong mt thi gian di. GPRS s c m rng khp trn ton quc dn dn c c s chp nhn ca khch hng i vi cc dch v phi thoi. 3.4.4 Tip theo vic trin khai GPRS s l EDGE nhm tng kh nng truyn s liu ln 384Kbps c kh nng cung cp cc dch v t i t, dch v nh v trn bn , dch v truy cp thng tin d liu, gii tr Thun li ca vic trin khai EDGE l: Trc ht, EDGE khng cn s dng bng tn mi. Da trn c s hng tng sn c ca trin khai GPRS, vic pht trin ln giai on EDGE tit kim c chi ph u t. Do ch thay i k thut iu ch v tuyn 8-PSK nn EDGE vn gi nguyn cu trc ca mng c m ch cn nng cp phn mm v thm cc TRX mi c kh nng EDGE. EDGE l con ng tin ha ti th h th ba v cng l mt b tr cho WCDMA. EDGE tng cng c cc kh nng truyn s liu ca mng GSM/GPRS, h tr tc s liu ln ti 384Kbps mt tc s liu ca th h ba. Do vy, c th ni EDGE s to mt bc m quan trng tin ti mng WCDMA. Tuy nhin, s phn khng ca khch hng vi dch v s liu trn nn cng nghip chuyn mch gi ca GPRS (truy cp Internet, Entrannet, MMS, WAP, Games Online) s l yu t quyt nh con ng pht trin tip theo ca h thng. Nu nhu cu v dch v s liu ca khch hng tng trng mng m, c th giai on pht trin ln EDGE c b qua. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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3.4.5 T y, vi ti nguyn tn s 3G sn c, vic trin khai WCDMA trn nn h thng GSM l hon ton ph hp vi quy lut t nhin. Trn c s ca mng li GPRS c pht trin, vic xy dng h thng WCDMA v c bn l xy dng phn cng cho mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN gm RNC v Node B. Mt iu chc chn l WCDMA cha th trin khai ti tn vng xa, m trc mt s tp trung pht trin mt s thnh ph ln nh H Ni, Hi Phng, Nng v Thnh Ph H Ch Minh. Khi , my u cui ca khch hng s c kh nng tng thch gia hai h thng GSM v WCDMA. Nh vy, l trnh pht trin t GSM ln WCDMA theo cng ngh WCDMA tng i r rng m bo s kt hp cng tn ti gia mng GSM hin ti v mng 3G ng thi cng tn dng c rt nhiu li th ca mng GSM hin c nh li th v s thu bao ang c, thi quen ca khch hng v s dng cc dch v truy nhp Internet khi trin khai GPRS v li th trong trin khai roaming quc t. Hin nay s lng tu bao GSM ngy cng pht trin nhanh v chim th phn rt ln trong tng s thu bao di ng, iu cho thy khi la chn l trnh i ln WCDMA da trn cng ngh WCDMA cng s to ra li th trong vic trin khai roaming quc t. Ngoi ra, vic la chn WCDMA lm nh hng cng ngh WCDMA cn c mt li th nh sau: + Hiu qu s dng ph rt cao. + Cho php s dng cc my u cui c cng xut thp. + Cho php cung cp cc ng dng khc nhau vi cc tc truyn s liu khc nhau. Ton b ph tn s dng cho cc WCDMA nh sau: WCDMA TDD: 1900 Mhz v 2020 Mhz v 2020 Mhz 2025 Mhz. WCDMA TDD: ng ln (Uplink) ng xung (Downlink) 3.5. Trin khai h thng GPRS 3.5.1. Cu hnh tng qut mng GPRS trong mng GSM Mng li GPRS c xy dng trn c s cc thnh phn mng GSM hin c v cc mng s liu gi IP vi cc giao din tiu chun. SGSN: C chc nng nh tuyn gi d liu trong vng phc v ca n . Mt thu bao GPRS c th c phc v bi mt SGSN trn mng ty vo v tr nh v ca thu bao. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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: 1920 Mhz 1980 Mhz. : 2110 Mhz 2170 Mhz

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GGSN: C chc nng giao tip vi cc h thng GPRS khc hoc mng Internet, Intrannet Mt s chc nng ca GGSN gm: + nh tuyn. + Firewall. + Gateway/Security. C hai chc nng ca SGSN v GGSN u to ra cc bn ghi cc CDR. Hai h thng khai thc v bo dng GPRS-OMC-G: C chc nng qun l v gim st hot ng ca ton b h thng ( cnh bo, cu hnh, bo mt) Charging Gateway: Tip nhn cc bn ghi cc t SGSN, GGSN. X l v tng hp cc i vi tng trng hp s dng. Giao tip vi cc h thng tnh cc. H tr vic tnh cc GPRS theo thi gian hoc theo tng dung lng s liu trao i (data volume).

Hnh 3.4 : Mng li GPRS. Yu cu k thut, cng ngh: SGSN Tun th theo khuyn ngh GSM 03.60, SGSN phi h tr cc chc nng sau: + Attach/Datach v qun l lu ng thu bao (Mobility Management). + Tm gi thu bao GPRS. + Cp nht HLR Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Chc nng an ton bo mt chng truy nhp tri php ti SGSN. Ngoi ra, SGSN phi c c ch nhn thc i vi thu bao. Giao din kt ni vi cc h thng SMS cho php thu bao gi v nhn tin nhn. Trao i gia cc SGSN v MS tun theo khuyn ngh GSM 04.11. Kt ni bo hiu gia SGSN vi HLR/MSC/VLR trn giao din MAP V3. Qun l cc trng thi thu bao trn SGSN: + Trng thi ngh, thu bao khng kt ni GPRS. SGSN khng cn cp nht s liu ca thu bao v coi thu bao trng thi ngh. + Trng thi kt ni, khng truy nhp (Standby): Thu bao ch ch d liu. + Trng thi sn sng: Sn sng trao i ch d liu. GGSN GGSN phi h tr cc tnh nng sau: + Kt ni s li dng gi. + Qun l c phin kt ni d liu. + Qun l ti nguyn h thng. + Ghi cc. + Qun l cu hnh. + Qun l bo mt. + Chng li v bo dng. PCU PCU l chc nng b xung cho BTS kt ni vi SGSN. PCU s c trang b bi cc hng cung cp BTS, c th l Eicsson Min Nam v Min Trung, Alcatel Min Bc ( hay MFS). PCU phi p ng c cc tnh nng sau: + Dung lng b m. + Kh nng tng thch khi trin khai EDEG. OMC-G + Giao din ha vi ngi s dng. + Qun l cnh co v bo dng. Thi gian lu cnh co ti thiu l 7 ngy. + Qun l cu hnh h thng. Cc giao din. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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+ Tun th cc khuyn ngh ca ESTI v chun giao tip GPRS. + Kt ni vt l giao din IP trn E1 v Ethernet 10/100 Mbps. + Cho php nh ngha ti 155.000 hng trong bng nh tuyn Internet. 3.5.2. H thng GPRS trin khai trn mng VSM a) Dung lng h thng li GPRS cho mng MobiFone + V phn cng, dung lng h thng t c ti 100.000 thu bao. Tuy nhin, hin ti dung lng h thng l 10.000 thu bao, phn b nh sau: Ti H ni: 3.000 thu bao, phc v cho thu bao khu vc min Bc. Ti TP. H Ch Minh: 7.000 thu bao, phc v cho thu bao khu vc min Nam v min Trung. Ch tiu thit k h thng: + Lu lng s dng trung bnh/thu bao GPRS gi bn l 2 kbps. + Tng lu lng d liu trao i gi bn l 2 Mbps. + T l ngi s dng GPRS trn gi bn l 10%. b) Cu hnh GPRS cho mng MobiFone - VMS Gm 02 thit b SGSN kt ni vi mng GSM theo cu hnh: + Thit b SGSN ti H ni kt ni vi h thng BSS min Bc. + Thit b SGSN ti TP. H Ch Minh kt ni vi h thng BSS min Nam v min Trung. + 01 thit b GGSN ti HN kt ni ti cc SGSN ti H ni v TP.HCM. + 01 thit b Charging Gateway phc v tnh cc GPRS. + 01 h thng qun l v khai thc OMC-GPRS (OMC-G). c) Nng cp h thng mng GSM c kh nng kt ni GPRS Trang b b sung chc nng qun l cc gi s liu PCU (Package Control Unit) cho cc BSC trn mng. + 03 BSC khu vc min Bc (H ni). + 04 BSC khu vc min Nam (TP. HCM) v min Trung ( Nng). Nng cp phn mm cho NSS v BSS b sung cc tnh nng GPRS. + NSS khu vc min Bc. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Lu : H thng GPRS c trin khai trn c hai di tn GSM 900 v GSM 1800. d) Nng cp h thng tnh cc + Trang b mt h thng tnh cc GPRS tp trung ly file cc t Charging Gateway v MMSC tnh cc. + H thng tnh cc v qun l khch hng s c thay i qun l cc thu bao c ng k dch v GPRS, u ni dch v, cp nht d liu cc GPRS. e) Tin trin khai GPRS Hin nay, mng thng tin di ng MobiFone ang bc vo giai on u tin ca l trnh pht trin mng tin ln 3G - giai on trin khai GPRS da trn nn mng GSM hin ti. Vic trin khai GPRS bao gm 3 giai on: Giai on 1: Trin khai th nghim min ph cho tt c cc thu bao tr tin trc v tr tin sau. Giai on 2: Trin khai chnh thc trn ton mng: nng cp cu hnh SGSN c th cung cp dung lng 200.000 thu bao v m rng phc v cho c 61 tnh thnh trn c nc. i vi thu bao tr tin sau: Vic tnh cc s c thc hin trn c s to file cc CDR tnh cc Offline trn c s h thng tnh cc hin c. i vi thu bao tr tin trc + Tnh cc Offline: cn thit lp tm thi mt thit b mediation device tnh cc theo phng thc Offline. + Tnh cc Online: vic tnh cc theo thi gian thc hin ti v cng ngh vn cha thc hin c, phi ch n CAMEL pha 3. Giai on 3: Cung cp GPRS cho thu bao chuyn vng quc t. Trn c s kt qu ca giai on 2 s tin hnh m phn, la chn i tc cung cp cng truy nhp GRX phc v GPRS roaming. Khi thu bao chuyn vng ra nc ngoi, vn truy nhp c v mng ch HPLMN. 3.5.3. Trin khai cc dch v GPRS trn mng VMS Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Truy cp mng ni b Intranet: Email/Fax, truy cp c s d liu cng cng, c s d liu c nhn. i tng khch hng l cc c quan, t chc hoc doanh nghip. Khch hng s dng dch v c th truy nhp v mng ni b LAN/WAN trao i thng tin t my u cui di ng. Gia mng ni b ca khch hng WAN/LAN s c ng kt ni trc tip hoc qua mng Internet ti h thng GPRS (GGSN). Truy cp Internet (trnh duyt Web, tin tc, thng mi in t, email): Tng t nh WAP, khch hng c th truy nhp Web qua GPRS vi giao thc WML. Nhn tin a phng tin (MMS): bao gm mt s ng dng sau: + Gi v nhn hnh nh t th vin h thng. + Gi v nhn bn nhc t th vin h thng (file midi hoc amr). + Gi cc tin nhn MMS v thi tit, th thao, s kin quan trng, thng tin ti chnh. + Gi cc tin nhn MMS v cc chng trnh truyn hnh. + Gi cc video clip hot hnh. + Gi/ nhn hnh nh t cc my u cui di ng c gn camera. + Hp th in t cho ngi s dng. Thu bao MMS s c mt hp th vi a ch dng: MSISDN@mobifone.com.vn. + Giao tip vi cc my ch email POP3 cho php nhn th t cc hp th nh Yahoo, + H tr vic nhn tin nhn MMS qua web cho cc my u cui khng c chc nng MMS. Khi c mt tin nhn MMS gi n mt thu bao, nu my u cui ca thu bao ny khng h tr tnh nng MMS, h thng s gi mt tin nhn SMS, v d bn va c mt tin nhn MMS ti a ch http://www.mobifone.com.vn/mmsc. + Tr chuyn (Chat). + Cc dch v gii tr: Game, Horoscope + Thng tin, nh v 3.5.4. Phng n trin khai MMS H thng MMS hon chnh bao gm phn cng v phn mm, tun th khuyn ngh ca ETSI: + Dung lng ban u ca h thng: 20.000 thu bao. + Dung lng bn tin cho php trong gi bn: 5.000 bn tin. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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+Cc chc nng h thng c trang b bao gm (xem s kt ni km theo): MMS Relay/Server: Chc nng trung tm ca h thng MMS cha cc phn mm chu trch nhim x l, gi nhn tin nhn MMS, qun l gim st h thng, to bo co MMS user database: C s d liu cha ng thng tin v thu bao dch v MMS. Cc phn mm giao tip chun theo khuyn ngh ca ETSI i vi h thng MMS: MMS, MM7. OMC cho h thng MMS: H thng c mn hnh OMC qun l v gim st hot ng. 3.5.5. D kin phng n tnh cc cc dich v GPRS a) Cc tham s tnh cc Theo lu lng s liu trao i (Data Volume) Phng thc tnh cc ny cho php khch hng online v gi/nhn cc thng tin theo nhu cu, phn nh ng mc s dng thc t ca mng li v cc chi ph c lin quan. C th ghi tch bit d liu gi v nhn phc v tnh cc theo tng loi dch v nh i vi dch v Multimedia download ch tnh cc theo ln d liu nhn. Tuy nhin khch hng cha quen thuc vi cch tnh cc ny. Theo thi lng s dng dch v (Duration) Cch tnh cc ny ging nh cch tnh cc thoi thng thng. Tuy nhin, tham s tnh cc ny khng pht huy c u th ca dch v v khng phn nh ng mc s dng. Cht lng dch v m khch hng yu cu (QoS) Tnh cc theo cht lng dch v l im ni bt trong vic s dng GPRS. Cht lng dch v bao gm nhiu yu t ( tr, mc u tin, tin cy, thng lng). Tuy nhin, khch hng cng cha quen thuc vi cch tnh cc ny. ch truy nhp s liu (Access Point Name) Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN Trn nh Trng- K49

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APN c xc nh khi thit lp kt ni v s gip phn bit vic s dng cc dch v ca khch hng. Do c APN m khch hng truy nhp s l cn c tnh cc. Vic tnh cc theo APN cha quen thuc vi khch hng. Tnh cc theo dch v (Service Identification) Giai on u GPRS APN c th c s dng phn bit dch v v giai on sau mc QoS v APN s c s dng xc nh loi dch v m khch hng s dng. Ngoi ra cn mt s tham s khc phc v tnh cc nh: Thi gian truy nhp (gi bn, gi ri). Ngy truy nhp: Ngy ngh, ngy l Vic tnh cc ca cc nh khai thc c th c xc nh trn c s mt hoc nhiu tham s. Trong giai on u cung cp dch v, s dng tham s tnh cc n gin, d hiu cho khch hng. b) xut v phng thc tnh cc Nguyn tc tnh cc Mc cc tng ng vi cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii. Cho php tt c cc i tng thu bao (thu bao tr tin trc v thu bao tr tin sau) nu c nhu cu u c th ng k s dng dch v khai thc ti a nng lc mng li. Phng thc tnh cc n gin, d hiu cho khch hng ng thi pht huy c cc u th ca cng ngh GPRS. Tnh cc theo nguyn tc CPP (Calling Party Pay): thu bao no s dng dch v th thu bao phi tr tin. Tnh cc trn c s ng dng. Phng thc tnh cc i vi dch v truyn d liu v truy cp Internet. Nguyn tc tnh cc: + Tnh cc theo ln ca d liu gi i hoc ti v. + Phn bit theo gi bn (Peak) v gi ri (Off Peak).

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+ Phng thc tnh cc: 1+1. Phn l cha 1kb tnh trn thnh 1kb. + Mc cc (cha bo gm thu GTGT): + Cc ng k: min cc. + Cc thu bao thng: min cc. + Cc truy nhp: 45 ng/kilobyte khng phn bit gi bn v gi ri. i vi dch v MMS: + Tnh cc: gm 2 loi MMS (cha bao gm thu GTGT): - MMS thng (ch c text): 500 ng/ MMS. - Multimedia MMS : 1.500 ng/ MMS.

Lu : Dung lng ti a ca mt MMS l 30-50 Kbyte. Tuy nhin cn phc thuc vo thit b u cui, cht lng truyn ti d liu. + T l n chia khi gi MMS lin mng: + Mng khch: 50% cc MMS thng (500 ng/ MMS). + Mng ch: Doanh thu cc cn li ( chi ph ni dung thng tin). 3.5.6. nh gi kt qu trin khai th nghim a) nh gi, la chn cng ngh Gii php ca hng Alcatel: H thng GPRS ca Alcatel c thit k da trn c s cc thit b Router ca Cisco. H thng c linh hot cao, d nng cp, m rng, d khai thc v bo dng. Chi ph thit b thp, nht l khi mng c cu hnh khng ln. Khi nng cp ln cng ngh 3G, cn phi thay i v b sung mt s ph kin ca h thng. b) Vng ph sng GPRS trong pha th nghim Vng ph sng khu vc H ni gm cc BSC 4, 5, 6, BSC Gip Bt v BSC Hi Phng.Vng ph sng khu vc TP.H Ch Minh gm ton b 6 BSC, nhng ngoi tr cc site s dng thit b RBS 200. Vng ph sng khu vc Nng gm BSC N. c) Ni dung v kt qu o kim Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Hin nay, h thng GPRS trn mng VMS c lp t, chy th v ha mng. H thng sn sng chun b chuyn sang giai on khai thc thng mi. Cc cng vic o kim, nh gi cc thit b h thng GPRS cng nh cht lng dch v c thc hin. Ni dung o kim, nh gi y tp trung cho cng tc khai thc, bo dng v trin khai dch v. C th tm tt mt cch tng th nh sau: V qun l di ng Cc ni dung o kim v qun l di ng bao gm kim tra cc th tc truy nhp mng, cc trng thi ca thu bao GPRS, kim tra vic nh tuyn... Cc bi o tp trung vo: + Vic gn knh bo hiu PDCH trong h thng GPRS. Cc th tc nhn thc, xa, treo i vi thu bao GPRS. + Cc th tc vo ra (Attach/ Detach) ca thu bao GPRS. Qu trnh cp nht, m ha, nh tuyn trong vng ph sng GPRS. + Cc th tc ny nhm h tr cho vic qun l thu bao v dch v GPRS, h tr cung cp dch v cho thu bao, ng thi m bo an ton mng li trong h thng GPRS. Kt qu o kim cng cho thy h thng GPRS th nghim tun th y cc tiu chun ca GPRS Release 2. Cht lng dch v GSM/ GPRS Ni dung o kim v cht lng dch v nhm kim tra cc trng hp khi my di ng GPRS s dng dch v... Tiu ch kim tra v nh gi tp trung vo cht lng dch v, bao gm: + Cc phng thc m ha CS-1 n CS-2 v tc truyn s liu trn giao din v tuyn. + Vic qun l, phn phi ti nguyn v tuyn trong GPRS. + Qu trnh chuyn giao (handover) gia cc cell trong GPRS. + Th tc kch hot, sa i, hy b PDP Context trong GPRS. + Dch v SMS trong h thng GPRS. + Cht lng ph sng v tc truyn s liu. Kt qu o kim cho thy Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN Trn nh Trng- K49

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+ H thng GPRS trn mng VMS cung cp c ch m ha s liu trn giao din v tuyn n CS-2 theo tiu chun GPRS Release 2. + Trong trng hp cht lng ph sng tt, ti nguyn v tuyn cn p ng v tc di chuyn tng i chm (khong di 20 km/h) th GPRS cho php truyn s liu vi tc ti a vi s knh m thit b u cui c th p ng c. + Hu ht mi v tr 2 thnh ph ln H ni v TP H Ch Minh thng thng tc ch t khong 50% n 80% tc quy c. + Khi trong vng ph sng GPRS, GPRS lun ch sn sng to cho ngi dng cm gic c kt ni lin tc. + Khi di chuyn t cell ny sang cell khc trong vng ph sng ca GPRS, ch sn sng ny lun c duy tr, tuy nhin tc truyn s liu ph thuc vo ti nguyn v tuyn ti cell c cn p ng c hay khng. Thi gian truy nhp ca thu bao vo + Thi gian thit lp ng truyn trn giao din v tuyn. + Thi gian thit lp cc ng dn n cc c s d liu trong mng Internet. Hin nay, cc tiu ch thi gian cha c iu kin kim tra do lu lng trong mng GPRS khng ng k. Hiu sut s dng knh v tuyn ca GPRS cao hn trong chuyn mch knh. m bo cht lng dch v mc chp nhn c, mng GSM/GPRS cho php khai bo ti nguyn v tuyn dnh ring cho cc dch v GPRS (t l da vo nhu cu thc t ca cc dch v cng nh cht lng m cc dch v i hi). Nng lc truyn dn v tuyn khng ch ph thuc vo s my thu pht ti tng cell, tng trm BTS m cn ph thuc vo kch c ca b x l gi PCU. Cng ngh GPRS cho php phn v tuyn cung cp ti nguyn mt cch linh hot (cp knh ng) nhm m bo ti u vic s dng ti nguyn v tuyn. Gii quyt vn tc trn c s s dng a khe thi gian trn mi sng mang. C th trin khai c phn ln cc dch v Internet vi cht lng chp nhn c, nhng do cc hn ch v cu trc phn v tuyn v vic s dng ph tn nn GPRS vn cn hn ch v tc s liu v v s linh hot trong cu trc mng truy nhp. Tuy nhin, cng ngh 3G s khc phc c cc nhc im ny. 3.6. Trin khai th nghim h thng 3G Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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+ Th nghim cng ngh thng tin di ng 3G trn mng MobiFone. + Th nghim cc tnh nng h thng thng tin di ng 3G. + Kim nghim thc t v tnh u vit ca cng ngh 3G so vi cng ngh 2G, 2,5G hin nay. + nh gi kh nng kt hp gia GSM v 3G trn cng mt mng li. + nh gi nhu cu th trng v xc nh thi gian biu cho trin khai chnh thc trn mng. La chn tiu chun v cng ngh a. Giao tip v tuyn v ph tn Cc giao tip v tuyn chun cho h thng 3G do 3GPP - Release 99 a ra gm: WCDMA gm 2 ch : UTRA FDD: s dng hai di tn s (2x60 MHz) tch bit cho ng ln v ng xung: + ng ln : 1920 - 1980 MHz.

+ ng xung: 2110 - 2170 MHz. rng mi sng mang l 5 MHz. UTRA TDD: phn knh ng ln v ng xung theo thi gian, s dng chung di tn 25 MHz cho c ng ln v ng xung: 1900 - 1920 MHz v 2020 2025 MHz. rng mi sng mang l 5 MHz. Cdma2000 a sng mang (cdma2000 MC - 1X, 3X...): ng xung ghp a sng mang (ti a 12 sng mang) CDMA bng hp vi tc tri ph mi sng mang l 1,228 Mcps (tng ng vi tc tri ph IS-95). ng ln tri ph trc tip vi tc tri ph 1,228 Mcps. Giao din chun u tin a ra cho cdma2000 l cdma2000 3X vi rng mi sng mang l 3,75 MHz. la chn chun giao tip v tuyn 3G th nghim trn mng 3G, chng ta ch quan tm n chun WCDMA bi v: y l giao din v tuyn 3G c cc nh sn xut thit b Chu u h tr v pht trin sn phm. Thit b mng li GSM hin ti ca VMS l do Alcatel, Eicsson Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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Nh vy, trong WCDMA, ta cn th nghim hai ch TDD v FDD. V mt l thuyt, h thng UTRA TDD v UTRA FDD u h tr cc dch v d liu tc cao vi cht lng tng ng nhau. Do s dng chung mt bng tn cho c ng xung v ng ln, nhiu trong h thng TDD l vn cn phi c ch trng trong vic quy hoch mng v tuyn. Trn thc t, TDD thch hp i vi cc nh c nhu cu tc s liu ln. Ngi ta xut trin khai cc trm TDD kt hp trong cc vng ph sng ca FDD tng dung lng mng 3G. Trong giai on th nghim 3G, VMS MobiFone trin khai th nghim c hai ch WCDMA TDD v FDD. Cc thng s tiu chun cho giao tip v tuyn WCDMA FDD nh sau: - Ch truy nhp: - Bng tn: - rng sng mang: - Tc tri ph: - Chuyn giao cng mt tn s: - Chuyn giao gia hai tn s: - iu khin cng sut: WCDMA FDD 1920 - 1980 MHz; 2110 - 2170 MHz 5 MHz 3,84 Mbps Soft Handover Hard Handover 1,5 KHz

Cc thng s tiu chun cho giao tip v tuyn WCDMA TDD nh sau: - Ch truy nhp: - Bng tn: - rng sng mang: - Tc tri ph: - iu ch: - Chuyn giao cng mt tn s: - Chuyn giao gia hai tn s: - iu khin cng sut: b. Mng li Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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WCDMA TDD 1900 - 1920 MHz; 2020 - 2025 MHz 5 MHz 3,84 Mbps QPSK Hard Handover Hard Handover

ng ln: 200 Hz, ng xung: 800Hz

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Tun th theo khuyn ngh ca 3GPP - Release 99. Mng li th nghim bao gm: SGSN GGSN Chuyn mch ATM kt ni SGSN v GGSN Cc giao din h tr : Iu, Gr, Gn, Gc, Gi... 3.6.2. Gii php th nghim 3G ca Alcatel v Eicson Mng VMS la chn c hai h thng th nghim 3G ca Alcatel v Ericsson. C th h thng ca Alcatel s c th nghim ti H ni v h thng ca Ericsson s c th nghim ti TP H Ch Minh. Bng 8 di y so snh nhng gii php m Alcatel v Ericsson a ra:
STT 1 1.1 1.1. 1 NI DUNG ALCATEL ERICSSON GHI CH

THIT B TH NGHIM Phn mng truy nhp (Radio Access Network) Trm thu pht 3G 03 trm BTS (Node B) Evolium Node B cu hnh 3 sector (1 sng mang/1 sector). Bao gm y anten, feeder-40m/1 si, ph kin lp t... 02 trm RBS 3202 cu hnh 3 sector (1 sng mang/1 sector). Bao gm y anten, ngun, feeder-30m/1 si. Trong : + 1 RBS t cng container 20 feet vi core network + 1 RBS t ti a im khc (remote RBS t trong container 5 feet). Trm iu khin 01 thit b RNC 01 thit b RNC3810 cu thu pht 9140, cho php kt hnh A cho php kt ni ti (BSC/RNC) ni ti a 96 trm a 8 trm thu pht. RBS 3202 H thng qun l 01 h thng iu 01 h thng iu khin v mng truy nhp khin v tuyn 3G tuyn RANOS chy trn OMC-R A1353-UR nn my ch SUN chy trn nn my 420R ch SUN Phn mng li (Core Network) MSC/VLR/HLR 01 SSP 01 Alcatel1000 MSC/VLR/HLR/AUC tch Evolium, 01 hp trn h thng AXE 10 Combined - APZ212 30 phc v

1.1. 2 1.1. 3

Alcatel mnh hn ERICSSON im ny im ny, Alcatel v Ericsson tng ng nhau

1.2 1.2. 1

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RCP/HLR

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1.2. 2

1.2. 3

1.2. 4 1.2. 5

1.2. 6

1.2. 7 1.3 1.3. 1 1.3. 2 2 2.1

2.2

kt ni mng PSTN, PLMN, ISDN Media Gateway 01 Omniswitch 01 chuyn mch ATM ATM Cross- (MGW R1.0 CN 1.5) Connect kt ni gia phn mng truy nhp RAN, mng li CN v MSC/VLR Thit b GPRS 01 h thng PSCN 01 h thng GPRS R3.0 (GGSN/SGSN) gm ton b tnh nng SGSN/GGSN ca 3G Thit b tin hc bao gm trong 01 h thng IP tha thun th backbone kt ni nghim gia cc phn t H thng qun l 01 h thng qun l 01 h thng qun l mng li. OMC-CS HP mng li CN-OSS chy B2600. Khng c trn nn my ch SUN OMC cho phn 420R. chuyn mch mng li PSCN (GPRS) H thng truy Kt ni qua GGSN 01 h thng truy nhp nhp mng s liu, (GPRS) mng s liu dch v (SUN dch v & WINDOW 2000) phc v kt ni Internet, WAP, Mail... H thng Billing Khng c 01 h thng Billing Gateway thu thp Gateway th nghim s liu tnh cc tnh cc H thng ngun in H thng acquy d bao gm trong 48V DC, thi gian phng tha thun th backup 1 ting nghim, 4 ting backup H thng ngun bao gm trong Km theo container. tha thun th nghim CC TNH NNG H THNG Tc truy nhp Tc truy nhp Tc truy nhp s s liu ti a l liu ti a l 384kbps i 384kbps i vi vi chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch gi, 64kbps i vi 64kbps i vi chuyn mch knh chuyn mch knh S ngi truy nhp 1000 ngi 10 ngi ti mt thi im Internet, cc dch v s liu ti mt thi im 77

Ericsson tt hn Alcatel im ny

Ericsson tt hn Alcatel im ny. Ericsson tt hn Alcatel im ny.

Dung lng h thng do Alcatel cung cp ln hn

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2.3 Chuyn giao (handover) gia GSM v WCDMA Cc dch v h tr Nm trong phm vi th nghim Thoi, truy nhp Internet, wap, truyn s liu

Thng Tin Di ng
Nm trong phm vi th nghim. (Yu cu phn mm GSM BSS ti thiu l R9.1) Thoi, truy nhp Internet, wap, truyn s liu

3 3.1 3.2 3.3

TRCH NHIM CA NH CUNG CP THIT B Lp t, qun l d bao gm trong bao gm trong tha n, a vo khai tha thun th thun th nghim thc full - turn key nghim o to, hng dn bao gm trong bao gm trong tha s dng tha thun th thun th nghim nghim Thi gian th 12 thng 6 thng Alcatel c thi nghim gian th nghim di hn Thi gian hon thnh lp t H tr k thut 16 tun 1-2 tun

3.4 3.5

4 thng on-site sau Nm trong phm vi th khi hon thnh lp nghim t v 8 thng h tr t xa

Bng - So snh gii php th nghim ca Alcatel v Ericsson.

3.6.3. Phng n trin khai a) ng k tn s th nghim. Ph tn WCDMA s dng ca VMS l: Ph tn FDD: 3 sng mang (15 MHz). + ng ln (Uplink ) : 1920 MHz - 1935 MHz.

+ ng xung (Downlink ) : 2110 MHz - 2125 MHz. Ph tn TDD: 1 sng mang (5 MHz). Di tn t 1915 MHz - 1920 MHz. b) Phm vi th nghim Khu vc th nghim: ti H Ni v Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Phm vi ph sng 3G: lp t ti H Ni vi 03 trm BTS (Node B) cu hnh sector v Thnh ph H Ch Minh vi 02 trm RBS (Node B) cu hnh sector.

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La chn Alcatel l i tc cung cp thit b th nghim 3G. Thi gian th nghim: 12 thng. Danh mc chnh thit b th nghim (tm nhp ti xut) gm: + 03 trm thu pht Node B cu hnh 3 sector. + 01 thit b qun l trm gc RNC. + 01 h thng OMC-R cho 3G. + Thit b o kim tra, thit b d phng, vt t vt liu lp t (DDF, cu cp...). Ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh: La chn Ericsson l i tc cung cp thit b th nghim 3G. Thi gian th nghim: 06 thng. Danh mc chnh thit b th nghim (tm nhp ti xut) gm: + H thng 3G Core Network (SGSN, GGSN, ATM Switch, RNC). + 02 trm thu pht Node B 3201 3x1 cu hnh 3 sector. + Ton b thit b th nghim t trong 02 container vi y h thng ngun, cquy. Thit b sau thi gian th nghim s ti xut tr li cho pha cc i tc. 3.7. Trin khai ln 3G All IP Thc hin vic nng cp 3G vi dch v d liu tc cao, thi gian thc v di ng. Gim st vic nng cp cc dch v a phng tin p dng cc cng ngh nh: Smart Antenna, TD-CDMA, kh nhiu, sng v tuyn c iu khin bi phn mm, mng li ton IP, kin trc m cho vic cung cp dch v. Tng kh nng tch hp cc loi sng v tuyn khc nhau thanh mt h thng. Tip tc nng cp nhanh chng cc tiu chun 4G, ch hn na s pht trin ca h thng nh hng n vic thit lp mng. L trnh trin khai nng cp mng Mobifone ln mng li 3G ton IP c th hin r trong hnh v di:

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Hnh 3.5 L trnh pht trin mng li 3G ton IP. Theo l trnh trn trong nm 2004, mng Mobifone ang th nghim Release 99. - V giao din v tuyn: Phn mng truy nhp v tuyn mi UTRAN (WCDMA) c thm cc thnh phn RNC v BS. Vic c nng cp giao din v tuyn hin c ca GSM ln EDGE (ERAN) hay khng l tu chn ca nh khai thc. - MSC/VLR nng cp c th x l c cho phn v tuyn bng rng. - cc dch v IN c th c cung cp cho cc mng tm tr ca thu bao cn trin khai CAMEL. - Kt ni truyn dn trong mng truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA dung ATM nhm h tr cc loi hnh dch v khc nhau: cc dch v tc khng i cho chuyn mch knh v cc dch v c tc thay i i vi chuyn mch gi. - Cc nt mng li c chuyn i: Phn CS phi qun l c thu bao 2G v 3G, i hi thay i trong MSC/VLR v HLR/AuC/EIR. Phn PS c nng cp t GPRS, thay i SGSN l ln nht. - Mng cung cp cc loi dch v 3G v dch v ging vi mng 2,5G, hu ht cc dch v c chuyn sang dng gi khi c nhu cu. V d WAP s chuyn sang dng chuyn mch gi. Dch v da trn v tr gip truyn d liu gi hiu qu hn. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN Trn nh Trng- K49

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Kha Lun Tt Nghip T nm 2006:

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Release 4 s c trin khai trn mng Mobifone. im khc bit chnh ca Release 4 so vi Release 99 l mng li phn b: MSC c chia thnh MSC server v MGW. 3GPP Release 4 tch phn kt ni, iu khin v dch v cho min chuyn mch knh mng li. MSC server c chc nng qun l di ng v iu khin cuc gi, khng cha ma trn chuyn mch, phn t iu khin MGW. Cn Media Gateway (MGW) l phn t chu trch nhim duy tr cc kt ni v thc hin chc nng chuyn mch khi cn. Thoi chuyn mch gi (VoIP): cuc gi chuyn mch knh c chuyn sang chuyn mch gi trong MGW. - u im: khc phc c mt s nhc im ca R99: - Tch ring phn kt ni cuc gi, phn iu khin v phn dch v cho phn mng li chuyn mch knh. - Ton b lu lng i qua MGW, c qun l bng mt MSC Server tch ri (nng cp t MSC/VLR). - Phn CN CS c th c t do m rng khi dng nhiu MGW. - Cho php truyn ti lu lng hiu qu hn nh chuyn mch gi. Mt cuc gi GSM truyn thng s c thay bng VoIP qua MGW. Phn h a phng tin IP (IMS) c thm vo p ng cc dch v a phng tin trn IP v VoIP. T nm 2007: Trong nm 2007, mng Mobifone theo k hoch s trin khai Release 5. c im ca Release 5 l thm min IP a phng tin trong mng li (IM), h tr d liu v thoi qua IP, trong b sung mt s phn t mi: CSCF: qun l vic thit lp duy tr v gii phng cc phin truyn a phng tin vi ngi s dng. MRF: h tr cc chc nng nh cuc gi nhiu bn, cuc gi hi ngh. Ngoi ra, SGSN v GGSN c ci tin so vi R4 l c h tr thoi. MGW vn c chc nng tng t nh R4 v MGW do MGCF iu khin. - Tn ti duy nht phn chuyn mch gi PS. - S dng hiu qu v d dng qun l ton b lu lng trn mng 3G v u l IP. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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- Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn s gim tm quan trng i.Trong tng lai, cc mng li 3G s c nhiu cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau. T nm 2009: Theo k hoc n nm 2009, mng Mobifone s chuyn thnh mng li ton IP bng vic trin khai Release 6. Mc ch chun ha ca 3GPP Release 6 l: Cung cp cc dch v a phng tin IP, pha 2: Nhn tin IMS v qun l nhm. Hot ng phi hp vi mng LAN v tuyn. Cc dch v ging ni: Nhn dng ging ni phn b (DSsR). V c bn phn mng li (Core Nework) trong mng s phi nng cp, cm th nh sau: MSC/VLR/HLR: 01 MSC/VLR/HLR/AUC tch hp trn h thng AXE 10 APZ212 30 phc v kt ni mng PSTN, PLMN, ISDN. Media Gateway: 01 chuyn mch ATM (MGM R1.0 CN 1.5) kt ni gia cc phn mng truy nhp RAN, mng li CN v MSC/VLR. Thit b GPRS: 01 h thng GPRS R3.0. Thit b tin hc: 01 h thng IP backbone kt ni gia cc phn t. H thng qun l mng li: 01 h thng qun l mng li CN-OSS chy trn. nn my ch SUN 420R. H thng truy nhp mng s liu, dch v: 01 h thng truy nhp mng s liu dch v (SUN & Windonw 2000) phc v kt ni Internet, Wap, Mail H thng Billing Gateway-thu thp s liu tnh cc: 01 h thng Billing Gateway th nghim tnh cc. Cc ng dng dch v cung cp: ngoi cc dch v c, mng li 3G ton IP cn cung cp nhng dch v hp dn sau: in thoi truyn hnh Video Phone tc 64Kbps. Truy nhp mng s liu Internet vi tc ti a t c l 384Kbps. Video Streaming vi tc ti a t c l 384Kbps. Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN
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KT LUN
Hin nay thng tin di ng VMS MobiFone ang trong giai on t th h th hai sang th h th ba. H thng GSM c th cung cp cc dch v nh thoi truyn thng, fax, hp th thoi, bn tin ngn, tr trc v roaming quc t Tuy nhin, GSM c nhng gii hn nht nh nh s dng chuyn mch knh kt ni vi mng in thoi c in, tc ti a 14,4 kbps cho mi khe thi gian, mi cuc gi ch c th chim mt khe thi gian. Nhu cu truyn s liu ngy cng tng i hi cc nh khai thc mng c k hoch chuyn i mng GSM sang mng mi. Mng thng tin di ng th h ba c trin khai s gip p ng c cc nhu cu v truyn s liu ca ngi s dng v tc truyn ca mng ny c th t ti 2Mbps. V tin ti trin khai mng All IP. Trc khi thc hin trin khai mng thng tin di ng th h th ba ca MobiFone chng ta cn nghin cu, quy hoch mng. Nghin cu v quy hoch mng l mt cng vic rt quan trng v phc tp do mi trn truyn tin v mi trng m. Mng 3G hin ang c trin khai mt s nc trn th gii, i vi Vit Nam vn cn mi m v ang c nghin cu trin khai sao cho ph hp vi iu kin thc t. Hn na, cc cng ngh s dng rt phc tp khng th trong mt thi gian ngn c th tm hiu ht. Nhn xa hn na trong tin trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t nc ta, trong tng lai gn nhiu cng ty nc ngoi s tham gia th trng vin thng trong nc. c th cnh tranh thnh cng khi m ca th trng vi nc ngoi, cc doanh nghip vin thng nh MobiFone trong nc cn tranh th c hi thu ht khch hng, chim lnh th trng. Mun lm c iu th vic khng ngng nng cao cht lng mng li v pht trin dch v gi tr gia tng l mt v kh hu hiu trong tay cc doanh nghip. Mt ln na em xin cm n thy c trong khoa in T - Vin Thng Trng i Hc Cng Ngh v c bit l thy Trn Ngc Hng gip em hon thnh bi kha lun ny. Sinh vin : Trn nh Trng

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TI LIU THAM KHO


[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] TS.Trnh Anh V - Thng tin di ng - 2006. Trng i Hc Cng Ngh HQGHN. TS.Nguyn Phm Anh Dng. Thng tin di ng. Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng, 2005. PGS.TS.Nguyn Bch Ln. Nghin cu tin kh thi d n thng tin di ng th h th ba IMT-2000 ca tng cng ty, 2001. Nguyn Hi Yn (Dch). H thng thng tin di ng trong tng lai. Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng, 2001. Nguyn Xun Vinh. Chin lc thnh cng trong th trng Vin thng cnh tranh. Nh xut bn Bu in, H Ni, 2004. Tp ch Bu chnh Vin thng v Cng ngh thng tin, B Bu chnh Vin thng, thng 8/2005, 10/2005, 02/2006, 4/2006, 5/2006. Tng Cng ty Bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam. nh hng pht trin Bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam n nm 2015. H Ni, 2005. Clint Smith and Daniel Collins. 3G Wireless Networks, McGraw-Hill, 2002. Harri Holma and Anti Toskala. W-CDMA for UMTS, Jonh Wiley & Sons, 2000. Dr.Ramjee Prasad anh other. Third Generation Mobile Communication Systems, Artech House, 2000. Dr.William C.Y.Lee. Mobile Communication Design Fundamental, John Wiley $ Sons, 1996. John Roberts, Pamela Morrison and Charlie Nelson, Implementing a PreLaunch Diffusion Model: Measurement and Management Challenges of the Telstra Switching Study, Marketing Science, 2004. Porter, M.E. Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. The Free Express, 1998. Raymond Alain, Thietart. Chin lc doanh nghip. Nh Xut bn Thanh nin, 1999. http://www.mobifone.com.vn/ http://www.quantrimang.com.vn/ http://www.support.vnn.vn/ http://www.3gpp.org/
85

[13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]

Trng H Cng Ngh - HQGHN

Trn nh Trng- K49

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