I HC BCH KHOA TP.

H CH MINH

Bo co ti

CLOUD COMPUTING

GVHD: TS. Phm Trn V SVTH: 1.Nguyn Anh Ti 2.Nguyn Phng Duy 3.Phm Thanh Phng

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Mc lc Contents
Chng 1. Tng quan v Cloud Computing ................................................................................................. 2 I. t vn .......................................................................................................................................... 2

II. nh ngha ......................................................................................................................................... 2 III. M hnh tng quan............................................................................................................................. 3 IV. Cc gii php ..................................................................................................................................... 5 V. c im ca cloud computing ......................................................................................................... 6 VI. Xu hng pht trin ........................................................................................................................... 7 VII. Cc kh khn, thch thc .................................................................................................................. 8 Chng 2. Hin thc ca Cloud Computing................................................................................................. 9 I. Hin thc cloud computing: .............................................................................................................. 9

II. Mt s v d v cch tnh chi ph trong Cloud ................................................................................ 12 III. Market oriented Cloud computing:.................................................................................................. 12 IV. M phng Cloud:............................................................................................................................. 14 Chng 3. So snh gia Cloud Computing v Grid Computing ................................................................ 19 I. Tng quan ........................................................................................................................................ 19

II. So snh gia Grids v Clouds.......................................................................................................... 21 Phn cng .................................................................................................................................................... 30

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Chng 1. Tng quan v Cloud Computing

I. t vn

Ngy nay, i vi cc cng ty, doanh nghip, vic qun l tt, hiu qu d liu ca ring cng ty cng nh d liu khch hng, i tc l mt trong nhng bi ton c u tin hng u v ang khng ngng gy kh khn cho h. c th qun l c ngun d liu , ban u cc doanh nghip phi u t, tnh ton rt nhiu loi chi ph nh chi ph cho phn cng, phn mm, mng, chi ph cho qun tr vin, chi ph bo tr, sa cha, Ngoi ra h cn phi tnh ton kh nng m rng, nng cp thit b; phi kim sot vic bo mt d liu cng nh tnh sn sng cao ca d liu. T mt bi ton in hnh nh vy, chng ta thy c rng nu c mt ni tin cy gip cc doanh nghip qun l tt ngun d liu , cc doanh nghip s khng cn quan tm n c s h tng, cng ngh m ch tp trung chnh vo cng vic kinh doanh ca h th s mang li cho h hiu qu v li nhun ngy cng cao hn. Thut ng cloud computing ra i bt ngun t mt trong nhng hon cnh nh vy. Thut ng cloud computing cn c bt ngun t tng a tt c mi th nh d liu, phn mm, tnh ton, ln trn mng Internet. Chng ta s khng cn trng thy cc my PC, my ch ca ring cc doanh nghip lu tr d liu, phn mm na m ch cn mt s cc my ch o tp trung trn mng. Cc my ch o s cung cp cc dch v gip cho doanh nghip c th qun l d liu d dng hn, h s ch tr chi ph cho lng s dng dch v ca h, m khng cn phi u t nhiu vo c s h tng cng nh quan tm nhiu n cng ngh. Xu hng ny s gip nhiu cho cc cng ty, doanh nghip va v nh m khng c c s h tng mng, my ch lu tr, qun l d liu tt. Vy cloud computing l g ? N c th gii quyt bi ton trn nh th no v c nhng c im ni bt g ? Chng ta s i qua cc phn sau nm r vn ny.

II. nh ngha
Theo Wikipedia: in ton m my (cloud computing) l mt m hnh in ton c kh nng co gin (scalable) linh ng v cc ti nguyn thng c o ha c cung cp nh mt dch v trn mng Internet.
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Theo Gartner (http://www.buildingthecloud.co.uk/) : Mt m hnh in ton ni m kh nng m rng v linh hot v cng ngh thng tin c cung cp nh mt dch v cho nhiu khch hng ang s dng cc cng ngh trn Internet. Theo Ian Foster: Mt m hnh in ton phn tn c tnh co gin ln m hng theo co gin v mt kinh t, l ni cha cc sc mnh tnh ton, kho lu tr, cc nn tng (platform) v cc dch v c trc quan, o ha v co gin linh ng, s c phn phi theo nhu cu cho cc khch hng bn ngoi thng qua Internet.

Hnh 1: Mi th u tp trung vo m my

III. M hnh tng quan

Theo nh ngha, cc ngun in ton khng l nh phn mm, dch v ... s nm ti cc my ch o (m my) trn Internet thay v trong my tnh gia nh v vn phng (trn mt t) mi ngi kt ni v s dng mi khi h cn.

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Hnh 2: Minh ha v cloud computing

Hin nay, cc nh cung cp a ra nhiu dch v ca cloud computing theo nhiu hng khc nhau, a ra cc chun ring cng nh cch thc hot ng khc nhau. Do , vic tch hp cc cloud gii quyt mt bi ton ln ca khch hng vn cn l mt vn kh khn. Chnh v vy, cc nh cung cp dch v ang c xu hng tch hp cc cloud li vi nhau thnh sky computing, a ra cc chun chung gii quyt cc bi ton ln ca khch hng.

Hnh 3: M hnh tng quan ca cloud computing

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IV. Cc gii php
Cloud Computing ra i gii quyt cc vn sau: Vn v lu tr d liu: D liu c lu tr tp trung cc kho d liu khng l. Cc cng ty ln nh Microsoft, Google c hng chc kho d liu trung tm nm ri rc khp ni trn th gii. Cc cng ty ln ny s cung cp cc dch v cho php doanh nghip c th lu tr v qun l d liu ca h trn cc kho lu tr trung tm. Vn v sc mnh tnh ton: C 2 gii php chnh: o S dng cc siu my tnh (super-computer) x l tnh ton. o S dng cc h thng tnh ton song song, phn tn, tnh ton li (grid computing). Vn v cung cp ti nguyn, phn mm: Cung cp cc dch v nh IaaS (infrastructure as a service), PaaS (platform as a service), SaaS (software as a service). Chng 2 s i su hn v cc dch v ny.

Hnh 4: Minh ha v cc dch v

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V. c im ca cloud computing
Nhanh chng ci thin vi ngi dng c kh nng cung cp sn cc ti nguyn c s h tng cng ngh mt cch nhanh chng v t tn km. Chi ph c gim ng k v chi ph vn u t c chuyn sang hot ng chi tiu. iu ny lm gim ro cn cho vic tip nhn, chng hn nh c s h tng c cung cp bi i tc th 3 v khng cn phi mua dng cho cc tc v tnh ton thc hin 1 ln hay chuyn su m khng thng xuyn. Vic nh gi da trn c s tnh ton theo nhu cu th tt i vi nhng ty chn da trn vic s dng v cc k nng IT c i hi ti thiu (hay khng c i hi) cho vic thc thi. S c lp gia thit b v v tr lm cho ngi dng c th truy cp h thng bng cch s dng trnh duyt web m khng quan tm n v tr ca h hay thit b no m h ang dng, v d nh PC, mobile. V c s h tng off-site (c cung cp bi i tc th 3) v c truy cp thng qua Internet, do ngi dng c th kt ni t bt k ni no. Vic cho thu nhiu c th chia s ti nguyn v chi ph gia mt phm vi ln ngi dng, cho php: o Tp trung ha c s h tng trong cc lnh vc vi chi ph thp hn (chng hn nh bt ng sn, in, v.v.) o Kh nng chu ti nng cao (ngi dng khng cn k s cho cc mc ti cao nht c th). o Ci thin vic s dng v hiu qu cho cc h thng m thng ch 10-20% c s dng. tin cy ci thin thng qua vic s dng cc site c nhiu d tha, lm n thch hp cho tnh lin tc trong kinh doanh v khi phc tht bi. Tuy nhin, phn ln cc dch v ca cloud computing c nhng lc thiu ht v ngi gim c kinh doanh, IT phi lm cho n t i. Tnh co gin linh ng (theo nhu cu) cung cp ti nguyn trn mt c s mn, t bn thn dch v v gn thi gian thc, khng cn ngi dng phi c k s cho chu ti. Hiu sut hot ng c quan st v cc kin trc nht qun, kt ni lng lo c cu trc dng web service nh giao tip h thng. Vic bo mt ci thin nh vo tp trung ha d liu, cc ti nguyn ch trng bo mt, v.v nhng cng nng cao mi quan tm v vic mt quyn iu khin d liu nhy cm. Bo mt thng th tt hay tt hn cc h thng truyn thng, mt phn bi cc nh cung cp c th dnh nhiu ngun lc cho vic gii quyt cc vn bo mt m nhiu khch hng khng c chi ph thc hin. Cc nh cung cp s ghi nh (log) cc truy cp, nhng vic truy cp vo chnh bn thn cc audit log c th kh khn hay khng th.

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Kh nng chu ng xy ra thng qua vic tn dng ti nguyn c ci thin, cc h thng hiu qu hn. Tuy nhin, cc my tnh v c s h tng kt hp l nhng th tiu th nng lng ch yu.

VI. Xu hng pht trin

Thut ng cloud computing ra i t gia nm 2007, cho n nay khng ngng pht trin mnh m v c hin thc bi nhiu cng ty ln trn th gii nh IBM, Sun, Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, SalesForce,

Hnh 5: Mt s nh cung cp dch v cloud computing

Vi mc tiu gii quyt cc bi ton v d liu, tnh ton, dch v, cho khch hng, cloud computing v ang mang li li nhun ln, em n mt sn chi, mt th trng rng ln cho cc nh cung cp dch v, nn s pht trin nhanh chng ca n c th c tnh bng tng ngy. Trong khi , thut ng ban u ca grid computing khng mang tnh kinh t, li nhun cao nn s pht trin ca n ang ngy cng gim st, v ch ang c p dng vo lnh vc nghin cu khoa hc.

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Hnh 6: Xu hng pht trin

Theo bo VNUnet (28/04/2009), trong mt cuc kho st cc khch hng s dng cc dch v ca cloud computing th c ti 27,7% quan tm v vn lu tr d liu (data storage); 17% v cc ng dng lin quan ti chnh; 12,8% v e-mail.

VII. Cc kh khn, thch thc

Trong qu trnh hin thc cloud computing, ngi ta nhn thy mt s kh khn, thch thc sau: Bo mt o S hu tr tu (Intellectual property) o Tnh ring t (Privacy) o tin cy (Trust) Kh nng khng kim sot d liu tr d liu Tnh sn sng ca dch v, d liu Cc dch v km theo Cc quy nh php lut cho cc dch v, gia khch hng v nh cung cp

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Chng 2. Hin thc ca Cloud Computing

I. Hin thc cloud computing:
Cc thng tin c tham kho trn Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki Cloud computing cung cp h tng, nn tng v phn mm nh l dich v, m c th c cung ng nh l mt dich v cho thu trong cch dng bao nhiu tr by nhiu i vi ngi dng. Cloud computing c hin thc theo 3 kiu: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS Dch v h tng): Cung cp cho ngi dng h tng th (thng l di hnh thc cc my o) nh l mt dch v. Nhng kin trc o xp chng l mt v d ca xu hng mi th l dch v v c cng nhng im chung. Hn hn mt my ch cho thu, khng gian luu tr tp trung hay thit b mng, my trm thay v u t mua nhng nguyn th c th thu y dch v bn ngoi. Nhng dch v ny thng thng c tnh chi ph trn c s tnh ton chc nng v lng ti nguyn s dng (v t ra chi ph) s phn nh c mc ca hot ng. y l mt s pht trin ca nhng gii php lu tr web v my ch c nhn o. Tn ban u c s dng l dch v phn cng (HaaS) v c to ra bi mt nh kinh t hc Nichlas Car vo thang 3 nm 2006, nhng iu ny cn thit. Nhng t ny dn b thay th bi khi nim dch v h tng vo khong cui nm 2006. Nhng c trng tiu biu: Cung cp ti nguyn nh l dch v: bao gm c my ch, thit b mng, b nh, CPU, khng gian a cng, trang thit b trung tm d liu. Kh nng m rng linh hot Chi ph thay i ty theo thc t Nhiu ngi thu c th cng dng chung trn mt ti nguyn Cp doanh nghip: em li li ch cho cng ty bi mt ngun ti nguyn tch ton tng hp
Cc v d: Amazon EC2/S3, Elastra (Beta 2.0 2/2009), Nirvanix, AppNexus

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Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS Dch v nn tng): Cung cp API cho pht trin ng dng trn mtt nn tng tru tng Cung cp nn tng tinh ton v mt tp cc gii php nhiu lp. N h tr vic trin khai ng dng m khng quan tm n chi ph hay s phc tp ca vic trang b v qun l cc lp phn cng v phn mm bn di, cung cp tt c cc tnh nng cn thit h tr chu trnh sng y ca vic xy dng v cung cp mt ng dng v dch v web sn sng trn Internet m khng cn bt k thao tc ti hay ci t phn mm cho nhng ngi pht trin, qun l tin hc, hay ngi dng cui. N cn c bit n vi mt tn khc l cloudware. Cung cp dch v nn tng (PaaS) bao gm nhng iu kin cho qui trnh thit k ng dng, pht trin, kim th, trin khai v lu tr ng dng c gi tr nh l dch v ng dng nh cng tc nhn, sp xp v tch hp dch v web, tch hp c s d liu, bo mt, kh nng m rng, qun l trng thi, phin bn ng dng, cc li ch cho cng ng pht trin v nghin cu ng dng. Nhng dch v ny c chun b nh l mt gii php tnh hp trn nn web. Nhng c trng tiu biu: Phc v cho vic pht trin, kim th, trin khai v vn hnh ng dng ging nh l mi trng pht trin tch hp Cc cng c khi to vi giao din trn nn web. Kin trc ng nht Tch hp dch v web v c s d liu H tr cng tc nhm pht trin Cng c h tr tin tch Cc yu t: Thun li: o Dch v nn tng (PaaS) ang thi k u v c a chung nhng tnh nng vn c a thch bi dch v phn mm ( cp sau), bn cnh c tch hp cc yu t v nn tng h thng. o u im trong nhng d n tp hp nhng cng vic nhm c s phn tn v a l. o Kh nng tch hp nhiu ngun ca dich v web o Gim chi ph ngoi l khi tch hp cc dch v v bo mt, kh nng m rng, kim sot li o Gim chi ph khi tru tng ha cng vic lp trnh mc cao to dc v, giao din ngi dng v cc yu t ng dng khc.
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o Mong i ngi dng c kin thc c th tip tc hon thin v h tr tng tc vi nhiu ngi gip xc nh mc kh khn ca vn chng ta gp phi. o Hng vic s dng cng ngh t c mc ch to iu kin d dng hn cho vic pht trin ng dng a ngi dng cho nhng ngi khng ch trong nhm lp trnh m c th kt hp nhiu nhm cng lm vic Kh khn: o Rng buc bi nh cung cp: do gii hn ph thuc v dch v ca nh cung cp o Gii hn pht trin: phc tp khin n khng ph hp vi yu cu ph trin nhanh v nhng tnh nng phc tp khi hin thc trn nn tng web.
zosso (2/2008), Google App Engine, Salesforce, Heroku, Engine Yard

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS Dch v phn mm): Cung cp dch v phn mm thc thi t xa. Dch v phn mm (SaaS) l mt m hnh trin khai ng dng m ngi cung cp cho php ngi dng s dng dch v theo yu cu. Nhng nh cung cp SaaS c th lu tr ng dng trn my ch ca h hoc ti ng dng xung thit b khch hng, v hiu ha n sau khi kt thc thi hn. Cc chc nng theo yu cu c th c kim sot bn trong chia s bn quyn ca mt nh cung cp ng dng th ba. Nhng c trng tiu biu Phn mm sn c i hi vic truy xut, qun l qua mng. Qun l cc hot dng t mt v tr tp trung hn l ti mi ni ca khch hng, cho php khc hng truy xut t xa thng qua web. Cung cp ng dng thng thng gn gi vi m hnh nh x t mt n nhiu hn l m hnh 1:1 bao gm c cc c trng kin trc, gi c v qun l. Nhng tnh nng tp trung nng cp, gii phng ngi dng khi vic ti cc bn v li v cp nht. Thng xuyn tch hp nhng phn mm giao tip trn mng din rng
Cc v d: 3Tera (2/2006), Salesforce

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II. Mt s v d v cch tnh chi ph trong Cloud
nh gi c nh: nh cung cp s xc nh r c t v kh nng tnh ton c nh (dung lng b nh c cp pht, loi CPU v tc .v.v) nh gi theo n v: c p dng ph bin cho lng d liu truyn ti, dng lng b nh c cp pht v s dng, cch ny uyn chuyn hn cch trn nh gi theo thu bao: ng dng phn ln trong m hnh dch v phn mm (SaaS) ngi dng s tin on trc nh mc s dng ng dng cloud (cch tnh ny thng kh t c chnh xc cao)

III.

Market oriented Cloud computing:

cp kin trc c R. Buyya ngh trong bi bo

Market-Oriented Cloud Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities Vi nhng tin b ca x hi con ngi hin i, nhng dch v thit yu c cung cp rng ri mi ngi u c th tip cn nh in, nc, g v in thoi ong vai tr quan trng trong cuc sng hng ngy. Nhng dch v tin ch ny c th c s dng thng xuyn cn c sn sng mi ni m ngi dng mong mun vo mi lc. Khc hang sau c th tr cho nh cung cp dch v da trn lng s dng cc dch v tin ch . Tng t nh cc v d trn, gia nh cung cp dch v v ngi s dng cn c nhng tha thun c th c nu trong SLA (Service Level Agreement) trong xc nh v yu cu cht lng dch v QoS (Quality of Service) Kin trc Market Oriented Cloud: Khch hng ph thuc vo nh cung cp dch v Cloud cung cp tt c nng lc tnh ton h cn, h yu cu v cht lng dich v QoS phi c duy tr bi nh cng cp ph hp vi mc tiu v m bo hot ng ca h. Nh cung cp Cloid se cn xem xt p ng cc yu cu v dch v ca mi khch hng thng lng vi SLA c th. t c iu ny, nh cung cp dch v Cloud khng th tip tc trin khai trn m hnh qun l ti nguyn tp trung m khng cung cp cho h kh nng chia s ti nguyn m vn p ng c tt c cc yu cu v dch v. Thay vo , m hnh qun l market-oriented c cp t c s cn i giu nh cung cp v khch hng.

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Kin trc bao gm 4 thnh phn ch yu: User/Broker (Ngi dng/ Nh mi gii): ngi dng hay nh phn phi s dng qun y thc gi yu cu dch v t bt k u trn th gii ti Data center (trung tm d liu) hay Cloud c x l SLA Resource Allocator (B phn phi ti nguyn SLA): ng vai tr nh mt trung gian gia cc nh cung cp Data center v Cloud vi ngi dng/ nh mi gii bn ngoi.

Kin trc Market-Oriented Cloud Service Request Examiner and Admission Control: khi mt yu cu dch v c gi ln ln u s c phien dich thnh cc yu cu v cht lng dch v QoS trc khi xc nh xem n s c chp nhn hay t chi. Do vy, iu m bo rng khng c tnh trng qu ti dch v khi m cc yu cu dch v khng the c p ng y v gii hn ti nguyn h thng sn
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sng. N cung cn thng thin v trng thi cui cng v tnh trng sn sng ca ti nguyn (t c ch VM Monitor) v kh nng x l ti (t c ch Service Request Monitor) theo th t quyt nh vic phn phi ti nguyn mt cch hiu qu. Sau n s phn yn cu cho cc my o VM v xc nh c t ti nguyn cho my o c phn. Pricing: cung cp c ch quyt nh cch cc yu cu service c tnh tin. Vi d nh yu cu c th c tnh tin da theo thi gian cc nhim v, t l gi c (c nh/thay i) hay tnh sn sng ca ti nguyn (sn c/yu cu). C ch nh gi phc nh n tng cho cung vp v yu cu ti nguyn tnh ton trong Data center v cc trang thit b trong vic cp pht ti nguyn hiu qu. Accounting: cung cp c ch thao tc trn lu lng dng ti nguyn c yu cu do chi ph cui cng c th c tnh ton v tnh ph cho ngi dng. Thm vo , lch s s dng c th c dng ti u bi Service Request Examiner and Admission Control VM Monitor: cung cp c ch lu vt nhng my o sn sng v cc thng tin v ti nguyn ca chng. Dispatcher: cung cp c ch bt u thc thi vic cp pht my o VM ca nhng yu cu dch v c chp nhn. Service Request Monitor: cung cp c cht lu vt tin trnh ca yu cu dch v VMs (cc my o): nhiu my o c th c m v tt dng trn mt my vt l ph hp vi yu cu dch v, do vic chun b ti a c th chia nh ti nguyn c th p ng cc yu cu c th ca yu cu dch v. Thm vo , nhiu my o VM c th chy ng thi ng dng trn nhng mi trng h iu hanh khc nhau trn mt my vt l duy nht do cc my o VM tch bit hon ton vi cc my khc trn cung my vt l Physical Machines (cc my vt l): Nhng trung tm d liu bao gm nhiu my ch c th cung cp ti nguyn ph hp vi yu cu.

IV.M phng Cloud:

xem xt mt v d nh CloudSim trong bi vit ca R. N. Calheiro v cc ng nghip CloudSim: A Novel Framework for Modeling and Simulation of Cloud Computing Infrastructures and Services

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Kin trc CloudSim Mt cch tng th bao gm 4 lp: SimJava: mc thp nht trong kin trc bao gm nhng cng c m phng s kin dng hin thc nhng chc nng ct li cn thit cho vic m phng lp cao hn nh sp xp v x l s kin, khi to cc thnh phn, cc thnh phn giao tip v qun l m phng ng h . GridSim: b cng c h tr cc thnh phn phn mm cp cao hn m hnh ha nhiu nn tng li, bao gm c h thng mng v lin kt ng b nhng thnh phn c bn ca li nh ti nguyn, tp d liu, lu vt ti v dch v thng tin. CloudSim: l phn hin thc mc thip theo bi vic m rng t ng cc tnh nng c bn c cung cp bi lp GridSim. CloudSim cung cp h tr l thuyt cho vic m hnh v m phng ha nhng mi trng tp trung d liu da trn nn tng Cloud. Lp CloudSim qun l vic khi to v thc thi cc thc th ct li (my o, my ch, trung tm d liu, ng dng) trong sut qu trnh m phng. Lp ny c kh nng khi to ng thi v qun l m rng trong sut vi nhng n tng Cloud bao gm ngng nghn thnh phn h thng. Nhng vn c bn nh chun b trin khai my o VM da trn yu cu ngi dng, qun l qu trinh thc thi ng dung v theo di dng u c qun l bi lp ny. Ngi cung cp Cloud c th hin thc nhng chin lc ca h t ng m rng li ca chc nng chun b trin khai my o VM. User-code: y l lp trn cng ca h thng m phng cho php cu hnh nhng chc nng lin quan cho cc my ch (s lng, c t cho chng v nhng vic kh), ng dung (s lng cc tc v v yu cu ca chng), cc my o VM, s lng ngi dng v cc loi ng dng v chnh sch nh thi mi gii. Mt ngi pht trin ng dng Cloud c th to ra nhiu s phn tn yu cu ngi dung, cu hnh ng dung, v nhng ng cnh lp ny.

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Kin trc lp ca CloudSim M hnh Cloud Kin trc dch v nn tng lin quan n Cloud c m hnh ha trong chng trnh m phng bi thnh phn Datacenter cho vic qun l yu cu dich v. Datacenter c to bi cc tp hp cc Host, c trch nhim qun l cc my o VM trong chu k sng ca chng. Cc Host l nhng thnh phn biu th cho cc nt trong Cloud: n c ci t sn kh nng x l (biu din qua n v MIPS = milion of instruction per second), b nh, kh nng lu tr v chnh sch nh thi x l vic cp phn pht li
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tnh ton cho cc my o. Cc thnh phn my Host thc giao din h tr m hnh ha v m phng cho c nhng nt 1 nhn v a nhn. Vic phn phi my o phc v cho ng dng c th no n cc thnh phn Host l trch nhim ca thanh phn Virtual Machine Provisioner. Thnh phn ny cung cp mt tp cc phng thc cho ngi nghin cu, vi nhng h tr trong vic hin thc chnh sch mi da trn nhng mc tiu v ti u. Nhng chnh sch mc nh hin c sn rt gin n theo hng ai n trc s c phc v trc. Vi mi thnh phn Host, s cp pht cc li tnh ton ti cc my o c thc hin da trn vic cp pht ca ht. Nhng chnh sch tm xem trong ti khon c bao nhiu li tnh ton c giao cho mi my o v bao nhiu kh nng cn sn. Do vy, c th cp pht li CPU cho my o c th hay l phn tn ng gia cc my o (chia s theo thoi gian) v gn li cho my o theo yu cu hoc l theo mt chnh sch c th no . Mi thnh phn Host khi to mt b nh thi my o hin thc vic cp pht theo khng gian hay thi gian. Nhng ngi nghin cu hay pht trin Cloud c th m rng b nh thi my o VM th nghim vi mt vi chnh sch cp pht. Kt n chi tit lin quan n chinh sch chia s theo thi gian v khng gian s c cp. M hnh cp pht my o VM Mt trong nhng tng khin Cloud computing khc bit vi Grid computing l vic trin khai ti a cng ngh o ha v cc cng c. M hnh ng dng c in nh x c chnh xc cc nt tnh ton v cc ng dng ring r khng cn ph hp trong s tru tng ha tnh ton trong mi trng Cloud. V d nh hai Datacenter chay tren mot Host co 1 nhn. Mc d c v nh c s tch bit nhng tng lng ti nguyn sn c b rang buc bi nng lc ca host. Nhng yu t quan trng ny cn c xem xt trong tin trnh xem xet quyt nh cp pht ti nguyn. cho php gi lp nhng chnh sch khc nhau, Cloud Sim h tr vic inh thi my o VM hai mc: trc tin taim mc Host v sau l mc my o VM. mc u tin, c th xc nh r tng nng lc x l ca mi nhn trong ht s c gn cho mi my o. Ti mc tip theo, cc my o VM s c phn r tng nng lc x lsy cu th cho mi tc v c thc thi. Ti mi mc, CloudSim hin thc chnh sch cp pht ti nguyn theo thi gian v khng gian. M hnh ch Cloud H tr dch v ng vai tr nh l ngi mi gii gia nh cung cp dch v Cloud v khc hng thng qua nhng dich v so trng l im nhn ca Cloud computing. Hn
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th, nhng dch v ny cn c ch xc nh chi ph dch v v cc chnh sch v gi. M hinh chnh sch chi ph v gi c la mt tng caand c xem xt khi thit kt chng trnh m phng Cloud, bn thuc tnh c xem xt n cho mt Datacenter: Chi ph mi b x l Chi ph mi n v b nh Chi ph mi n v lu tr Chi ph mi n v bng thng s dng Chi ph mi n v b nh v lu tr c km theo trong qu trinh khi to my o Chi ph mi n v bng thng s dng c trong qu trnh truyn d liu. Bn cnh , cc chi ph s dng b nh, lu tr, bng thng v cc chi ph lin quan c mi lin h vi vic s dng ti nguyn tnh ton. Do vy, nu my o VM c to m khng c tc v no thc thi trn chng, th ch c chi ph v b nh v lu tr. Nhng vn ny c th c thay i bi ngi dng.

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Chng 3. So snh gia Cloud Computing v Grid Computing

I. Tng quan Cloud Computing l mt gi cho tng lai, l thi im chng ta khng tnh ton trn cc my tnh cc b m thc hin tnh ton trn cc tin ch tp trung c iu hnh bi thnh phn th ba (third party). T gia nhng thp nin 90, thut ng Grid c xem xt m t cc cng ngh cho php ngi tiu th ly v sc mnh tnh ton theo yu cu. Ian Foster v cc cng s tha nhn rng Bng vic chun ha cc giao thc c s dng yu cu sc mnh tnh ton h c th thc y qu trnh to ra Grid Computing tng t nh li in. Kt qu ca tng ny l cc nh nghin cu cho ra i cc h thng lin kt kh m rng theo nhiu khuynh hng khc nhau nh: TeraGrid, Open Science Grid, caBIG, EGEE, Earth System Grid, chng khng ch cung cp sc mnh tnh ton m cn c d liu v phn mm theo nhu cu. Cloud Computing phi chng l tn gi mi ca Grid? Cu tr li l v mt chi tit chng khc nhau, nhng c hai cng ng u phi i mt vi nhiu thch thc ging nhau. 3.1.1 nh ngha Cloud Computing C nhiu nh ngha v Cloud, chng ta xem xt mt nh ngha tiu biu trc khi i vo phn tch cc c im ca n. Cloud Computing l mt mu tnh tnh ton phn b quy m ln c quan tm bi kh nng m rng mang tnh kinh t, trong mt khi cc dch v, nn, b nh v sc mnh tnh ton c qun l linh ng, o ha, tru tng v c phn phi theo nhu cu n ngi s dng bn ngoi trn ton Internet. Mt s c im chnh cn xem xt trong nh ngha ny: Cloud Computing l mt mu tnh ton phn b c bit. N khc vi h phn b truyn thng ch: kh nng m rng v cng ln, c th c gi gn nh l mt thc th tru tng phn phi cc cp dch v khc nhau n ngi s dng bn ngoi, n c kh nng m rng mang tnh kinh t, cc dch v c th c cu hnh ng v phn phi theo nhu cu. Cc t chc, cc vin nghin cu v cc ngnh cng nghip hng u ang nhanh chng tip cn Cloud Computing gii quyt bi ton nhu cu tnh ton v
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lu tr ngy mt tng cao trong k nguyn Internet. C 3 yu t chnh dy nn ln sng Cloud Computing: a) Chi ph phn cng gim i nhanh chng, kh nng tnh ton v lu tr ngy mt tng, s xut hin ca kin trc a nhn (multi-core) v cc siu my tnh ln n hng trm ngn nhn. b) D liu trong nghin cu khoa hc tng ln theo ly tha v internet tr nn qu thng dng. c) S chp nhn rng ri trong tnh ton dch v v cc ng dng Web 2.0 3.1.2 Clouds, Grids v Distributed Systems Khi xem xt cc nh ngha v Clouds, Grids, Distributed Systems (DS), chng ta d dng thy rng nh ngha ca Clouds c im trng lp vi cc nh ngha ca Grids v DS. iu ny khng phi l mt vn ng ngc nhin bi v Clouds khng ra i mt cch ring l hay c lp m n da trn nn tng ca cc cng ngh trc . Hnh 1 minh ha mi lin h gia Clouds v cc cng ngh khc:

Hnh 1 Tng quan v Grids v Clouds Clouds v cc min khc trng lp ln nhau. Web 2.0 bao ph hu ht cc khng gian ca ng dng hng dch v tn ti trong Clouds. Grids Computing

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chng lp ln tt c cc lnh vc ny nhng kh nng m rng c xem l t hn supercomputer v Clouds. Trong ba c im c ra bi Ian Foster nhn din Grids th ch c c im th 3 mi tha Clouds, hai c im cn li khng ph hp na. Phn sau trnh by mt so snh chi tit tng kha cnh gia Clouds v Grids. II. So snh gia Grids v Clouds Phn ny tp trung so snh gia Grids v Clouds ngang qua nhiu kha cnh t kin trc , m hnh bo mt, m hnh thng mi, m hnh lp trnh, o ha, m hnh d liu, m hnh tnh ton n ngun gc (provenance) v ng dng. C hai m hnh tnh ton v mt tng qut th ging nhau nhng trong c th th c mt s im khc bit. 3.2.1 M hnh thng mi (Business Model) M hnh thng mi truyn thng trong cc phn mm trc y l cc hnh thc tnh ph theo mt my tnh. Trong Clouds m hnh thanh ton ph linh hot hn nhiu, ngi khch hng ch cn tr theo nhu cu s dng nh cc loi ph sinh hot hng ngy m h phi tr: in, nc, gas ..v.v. Ngoi ra Clouds cn h tr kh nng m rng h thng mang tnh kinh t, tc l ngi s dng c th trin khai vi h thng ngy mt ln hn vi chi ph ph hp. Cc tim nng hin ca c l cc trung tm d liu ln ca cc tp on Amazon, IBM, Sun, Google ..v.v. Ngi dng trong tng lai ch cn mt th tn dng c th truy cp theo nhu cu n hng 100 000 b x l ngang qua hng chc trung tm d liu tri khp th gii. M hnh thng mi ca Grids l hng n cc d n nghin cu trong mi trng hc thut nh cc i hc, vin nghin cu, phng th nghim ca chnh ph. TeraGrid lm mt v d in hnh cho hnh thc thng mi ca Grid, n s dng hng chc Grid khc nhau t cc vin nghin cu trong cng mt quc gia. Khi mt t chc no gia nhp vo TeraGrid th s c th truy cp n cc Girds khc v ng thi c th s dng ti nguyn, kt qu th nghim trn h thng Grid ny. M hnh ny c ng dng rng ri nhiu ni trn th gii. C nhiu n lc xy dng mt Grid kinh t cho c s h tng Grid ton cu, n h tr thng mi, m phn, cung cp dch v theo nhu cu s dng, kh nng ri ro, chi ph v s thch ca ngi s dng. Nu nh cc c gng ny mang n kt qu kh quan th m hnh thng mi ca Grids v Clouds tht kh phn bit trong tng lai.
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3.2.2 Kin trc (Architecture) Phn ny trnh by m hnh kin trc ca Grids v Clouds lm ni bt s khc bit trong hng tip cn ca c hai. Trong khi Grids tp trung trn vic tch hp cc ti nguyn sn c gm c phn cng, h iu hnh, c s h tng an ninh ca cc h thng th Clouds hng n cc cp khc nhau ca dch v nhm p ng ti a nhu cu ngi s dng nh SaaS, IaaS, PaaS. h tr cho vic to ra cc t chc o (Virtual Organizations) mt thc th lun l m bn trong n cc ti nguyn phn b c th c khm ph v chia s nh th trong cng mt t chc, Grids nh ngha v cung cp mt tp cc giao thc chun, phn mm c s (middleware), b cng c v cc dch v c xy dng trn tp giao thc ny. Kh nng hot ng lin kt v tnh an ton l nhng vn chnh c quan tm cho c s h tng Grids bi v cc ti nguyn c th n t cc min qun tr khc nhau, c c chnh sch s dng ti nguyn cc b v ton cc khc nhau, cc nn v cu hnh phn cng v phn mm cng khc nhau v kh nng s dng v tnh sn sng ca chng. Grids cung cp cc giao thc v dch v 5 lp khc nhau nh c minh ha bi hnh sau:

Hnh 2 Kin trc Grid

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Lp connectivity nh ngha cc giao tip v chng thc ct li cho qu trnh giao tc an ton v d dng qua mng. Lp resource nh ngha cc giao thc cng b, khm ph, m phn, gim st, k ton v thanh ton chi ph cho cc hot ng trn cc ti nguyn ring bit. Lp collective nm gi s tng tc ngang qua cc tp ti nguyn, dch v th mc cho php gim st v khm ph ra cc ti nguyn t chc o. Cui cng l lp application bao gm cc ng dng ngi dng c xy dng trn u ca cc giao thc. Clouds c pht trin gii quyt nhng bi ton tnh ton m rng qua Internet trong mt s gi thit l khc bit so vi Grids. Clouds thng c xem nh l mt h tnh ton v lu tr c th c truy cp thng qua cc giao thc chun v qua mt giao tip tru tng. Tht ra Clouds c th c hin thc trn nhng cng ngh Grids tn ti hng thp nin nhng hng vo kin trc 4 lp sau: Lp Fabric gm cc ti nguyn phn cng, lp Unified Resource cha cc ti nguyn c tru tng ha c th xut hin ng nht vi ngi dng, lp Platform thm vo mt tp cc cng c, phn mm v dch v trn lp Unified Resource, lp Application l lp cha cc ng dng chy trn Clouds. Hnh 3 minh ha mt kin trc ca Clouds.

Hnh 3 Kin trc Clouds Kin trc ca Clouds nhm hng n ba m hnh dch v sau: Software as a Service SaaS, Platform as a Service PaaS, Infrastructure as a Service IaaS.
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Tuy nhin ngi s dng c th yu cu an xen hay tng hp cc loi hnh dch v ny. Infrastructure as a Service: M hnh ny cho php cung cp phn cng, phn mm v thit b vi hnh thc chi tr da trn ti nguyn s dng. C s h tng (infrastructure) c th m rng hay thu nh mt cch linh hot ty theo nhu cu. Cc v d tiu biu l Amazon EC2 (Elastic Cloud Computing), S3 (Simple Storage Service). Platform as a Service: a ra mi trng tch hp cp cao xy dng, kim tra, v trin khai cc ng dng ty . Mt cch tng qut cc nh pht trin ng dng s phi chp nhn mt s hn ch trn cc kiu phn mm m h c th vit i li tnh m rng gn lin vi ng dng. V d in hnh l Google App Engine. Sofware as a Service: hng ti vic phn phi phn mm vi yu cu c th, trong m hnh ny ngi s dng c th truy cp t xa thng qua Internet v chi tr theo mc s dng. Salesforce l mt trong nhng nh tin phong cung cp m hnh dch v ny. Ngoi ra cn c Live Mesh ca Microsoft cng cho php chia s tp tin, th mc ng thi qua nhiu thit b. T kin trc ca Clouds v Grids cho thy do mc tiu hng n khc nhau nn chng c cch gii quyt vn v t chc h thng khc nhau. 3.2.3 Qung l ti nguyn (Resource Management) Qung l ti nguyn l vn quyt nh kh nng hot ng ca h thng v ng nhin n khng th thiu trong cc h thng ln nh Grids v Clouds. Trong phn ny, cp n nhng thch thc chnh m c Grids v Clouds phi i mt thy c im tng ng v khc bit trong hai m hnh. M hnh tnh ton (Compute Model): Hu ht cc Grids s dng m hnh tnh ton b (batch-scheduled compute model) cng vi mt b qun l ti nguyn cc b nh PBS, SGE, Condor qun l ti nguyn ti cc v tr khc nhau. Vi phng thc qun l ny. Grids khng th phc v tt cho cc chng trnh yu cu nhiu b x l v thc thi trong thi gian di. Chng hn trong trng hp mt chng trnh cn 100 b x l v thc thi trong 60 pht, n phi i n khi h thng c 100 b x l v rnh trong 60 pht. M hnh tnh ton trong Clouds hon ton khc, cc ngi dng c s dng ti nguyn ng thi mc d
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phi m bo c cht lng dch v cho ngi s dng. y cng l mt trong nhng thch thc ca Clouds v kh nng m rng v khi s lng ngi dng ln. M hnh d liu (Data Model): M hnh d liu c khuynh hng trong tng lai l m hnh tng tc tam gic nh ch ra trong hnh 4.

Hnh 4 : M hnh d liu. Tnh ton Internet s xoay quanh m hnh d liu trn do cc nguyn nhn khch quan t thc tin. Ngi khch hng khng mun a cc d liu nhy cm hoc ti quan trng ln x l v lu tr trn Clouds. ng thi, ngi dng cng mun truy cp n d liu ring t ca h ngay khi cc giao tip mng chm hay h hng. Ngoi ra, cng ngh a nhn (multicore - technology) cng mang n cho ngi dng nhiu h thng con mnh m trong tng lai. i vi Grids, th m hnh tnh ton tp trung vo d liu a c quan tm t sm, chng hn nh Data Grid c thit k dnh ring cho cc ng dng tp trung ln trn d liu. Do , Grids khng cn thit a ra nh hng pht trin m hnh d liu nh Clouds thay vo n c m hnh chuyn bit s dng. Tnh cc b ca d liu (Data Locality): Mt thch thc chnh trong vn m rng ng dng mt cch hiu qu l v tr d liu lin quan i vi cc ti nguyn sn sng. Vic di di d liu xa v cc b x l mt cch lin tc l mt hn ch r rt, hn na qu trnh nhp xut (I/O) d liu t xa c khc bit ln vi I/O trn d liu cc b v nh hng trc tip n hiu sut ca h thng. y l mt nh hng c Clouds quan tm gii quyt. Qu trnh x l d liu l kt hp d liu lin quan v tin trnh (process) x l n trong cng mt nt (node), do vn data locality s c gii quyt mt cch hiu qu. V pha Grids,
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d liu c lu tr da trn cc h thng file chia s nh NFS, GPFS, PVFS ..v.v. Ni m tnh data locality khng d dng p dng, y cng l mt im yu ca Grids so vi Clouds. Kt hp tnh ton v qun l d liu(Combining compute and data management): Tnh cc b ca d liu ch hiu qu khi m s lng ngi dng v qui m cha thc s ln. Khi h thng ngy cng m rng th vn kt hp tnh ton v qun l d liu tr thnh yu t quan trng cho vic ci thin hiu sut. l bi ton nh thi cng vic (job) gn vi d liu m n s dng trong sut qu trnh thc thi trnh ti a hot ng di di d liu qua mng. Girds c cc m hnh tp trung cho cc ng dng d liu khng l cn Clouds th s phi i mt vi vn ny trong tng lai. o ha (Virtualization): y l cng ngh c khai thc mnh m trong hu ht cc Clouds. Khng ging nh m hnh tnh ton ca Grids, Clouds i hi chy nhiu ng dng ngi dng v tt c cc ng dng ny phi c thc hin mt cch ng thi i vi ngi s dng. Bn cnh mi ngi dng c cm gic nh l h i s hu ton b ti nguyn sn c. Cng ngh o ha cung cp mc tru tng thit yu cho vic hp nht ti nguyn nhm t c mc tiu ny. ng thi o ha cn cho php mi ng dng c th c ng gi (encapsulate) c th cu hnh, trin khai, bt u, di chuyn, tm dng, tip tc, dng hn, ..v.v. v v vy cung cp tnh c lp, kh nng qun l, bo mt tt hn. Grids khng da vo cng ngh o ha nhiu nh Clouds, nhng m bo c tnh ring t cho cc t chc o trn ti nguyn th cng ngh o ha cng c s dng trong li chng hn nh Nimbus. Gim st (Monitoring): Mt thch thc khc m cng ngh o ha mang li cho Clouds l vic gim st ti nguyn. Vn gim st ti nguyn trn Clouds cha c t chc trc tip nh Grids. Grids ra cc m hnh tin cy khc nhau ngi dng c y quyn c th truy cp cc ti nguyn khc nhau trn cc Grid khc nhau v qu tnh duyt ti nguyn ny c m bo an ton. Hn na, Grids khng c tru tng cao v tn dng o ha nh Clouds, v d cng c gim st Ganglia c th theo di cc cluster v Grids phn tn mt cch kh hiu qu v c chp nhn rng ri trong cng ng Grids. Kh nng gim st ti nguyn ca Clouds gp nhiu thch thc do mc tiu ra ca n v vic cn bng qu trnh gim st cc ng dng thng mi, qun l my ch x nghip, gim st my o, bo tr phn cng..v.v. Do trong tng lai gn Clouds s
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hng n vic cung cp kh nng t bo tr, cu hnh v qun l v pha ngi dng. Ngun gc d liu(Provenance): y l qu trnh hng dn v ngun gc, lai lch ca cc sn phm d liu bao gm tt c cc d liu ngun, sn phm d liu trung gian, v cc th tc c ng dng vo trong sn phm d liu. Thng tin ny l cn thit hiu, khm ph, hp l v chia s cc sn phm d liu cng nh cc ng dng, chng trnh dn xut t n. Trong Grids provenance c trin khai thnh cc h thng workflow v c s dng hiu qu. Ngc li, Clouds cn cha khai thc lnh vc ny v c nhiu thch thc trong vic theo vt d liu ngang qua cc nh cung cp dch v khc nhau, ngang qua cc phn mm khc nhau v cc lp phn cng tru tng thuc mt nh cung cp. 3.2.4 M hnh lp trnh (Programming Model) Mc d m hnh lp trnh trong mi trng Grids khng c cc khc bit v c bn so vi cc mi trng lp trnh song song v phn b truyn thng. N c mt s vn phc tp nh nhiu min qun tr, ti nguyn bt ng b, hiu sut v tnh n nh, iu khin ngoi l trong mi trng c tnh linh ng cao..v.v. Mc ch chnh ca Grids l cc ng dng khoa hc i hi kh nng m rng cao, m rng n khi lng ti nguyn ln v thc thi va nhanh va hiu qu, do d cc chng trnh cn phi hon tt mt cch chnh xc nn phi xem xt n tin cy v kh nng khng li trong mi trng Grids. Ngoi cc mi trng lp trnh truyn thng nh MPI, Globus Toolkit, cn c mt mt m hnh lp trnh c quan tm gn y l MapReduce. MapReduce tht ra ch l mt m hnh lp trnh song song khc nhm vo cc h thng vi khi lng d liu ln. N c xy dng da trn hai t kha chnh l map v reduce mn t ngn ng t nhin. Chc nng map l cung cp thao tc c th ln mt tp d liu v sinh ra mt tp d liu mi. Thao tc reduce ngc li s thu gom cc d liu li. Mt hin thc m m ca m hnh ny l Hadoop v ang c quan tm trong Clouds. Clouds v khi qut chp nhn cc Web Services APIs, ni m ngi dng cu hnh v lp trnh dch v Cloud da trn cc API c trnh by trong Web Services. Cc giao thc HTTP v SOAP l nhng giao thc chun c chn trong cc dch v ny. Mc d Clouds chp nhn mt s giao thc tng qut nh HTTP v SOAP, kh nng tch hp v lin kt gia cc dch v ln ng dng vn
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l mt thch thc ln khi ngi s dng lm vic vi cc nh cung cp Clouds khc nhau. 3.2.5 M hnh ng dng (Application Model) Grids mt cch tng qut h tr nhiu loi ng dng khc nhau v h tr tt cho cc ng dng hiu sut cao (high performance computing - HPC). HPC l cc ng dng song song chy trn mt h thng cc b khng phi qua internet. Mt khc Clouds Computing cng h tr cc loi ng dng tng t Grids nhng khng t c tnh hiu qu i vi cc ng dng HPC. Bi v Clouds cn trong qu trnh s khai, n cn nhiu vn cn gii quyt.

3.2.6 M hnh bo mt (Security Model) Clouds hu nh bao gm cc trung tm d liu (data center) chuyn dng thuc v cng mt t chc, n mang tnh ng nht khc bit hon ton vi mi trng Grids. M hnh bo mt ca Clouds hin ti n gin v t an ton hn cc m hnh sn c ca Grids. Tiu biu l Clouds da trn Web to ra ti khon ngi dng, cho php h t li mt khu v nhn mt khu mi thng qua email trong mt mi trng khng m ha v khng an ton. Ch rng, ngi dng c th d dng s dng Clouds ngay lp tc vi ch mt th tn dng hay a ch email. Ngc li hon ton, Grids hn ch hn v tnh bo mt. Chng hn, mc d thng qua Web to ti khon ngi dng, thng tin nhy cm v ti khon, mt khu c yu cu giao tip gia ngi vi ngi xc nhn r rng ngi dng c y quyn. Tnh bo mt l mt vn quan trng c quan tm trong Cloud Computing. C 7 im chnh m mt ngi dng Clouds cn ch khi quyt nh s dng: 1/ Truy cp bi ngi dng c quyn hn: Vic d liu nhy cm c x l bn ngoi x nghip cn m bo rng n ch truy cp v lan truyn bi ngi s dng c c quyn. 2/ ng thun v iu chnh : Ngi khch hng cn phi bit c nh cung cp Clouds c thc hin cc thao tc ngoi lung trn d liu ca h hay khng.

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3/ V tr d liu: Do ngi dng khng bit ni lu tr d liu ca h, nh cung cp Clouds phi m bo lu tr v x l d liu ng theo tha thun php l ban u v phi tun th yu cu v tnh ring t ca ngi khch hng. 4/ S tch bit v d liu: D liu gia cc ngi s dng khc nhau phi c lu tr ring bit. 5/ Khi phc: Nh cung cp Clouds phi c c ch nhn bn v khi phc d liu trong trng hp c hng hc xy ra. 6/ H tr kim tra: Cc dch v Clouds rt kh kim tra, nu nh iu l quan trng vi khch hng th nh cung cp dch v cng phi c c ch h tr. 7/ Tnh lu di: D liu trn Clouds phi tn ti lu di bn vng ngay khi nh cung cp Clouds b thu mua bi mt tp on khc. Vic so snh gia Grids v Clouds trong thi im hin ti ch phn nh c phn no cc u v khuyt im hin c ca chng. Nhng c hai cng ng ny vn ang khng ngng pht trin hon thin. hiu r hn v chng cn c nhng ti liu chuyn su hn v khng ngng cp nht khng thuc phm vi ca bo co, di y l mt s bi bo tham kho

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Phn cng
Nguyn Anh Ti Chng 1. Tng quan v Cloud Computing

Nguyn Phng Duy Chng 2. Hin thc ca Cloud Computing Phm Thanh Phng Chng 3. So snh gia Cloud Computing v Grid Computing

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