1

Bi 1: (1.5 im)
Thc hin tnh:
2 4
4 2 2
2
2
+ +
+
x x
x x
vi
3 6 2 + x
Bi 2: (2.5 im)
Gii cc phng trnh:
a. 2 4 5 5
2 2
+ + + x x x x
b. 3 2 2 3 2 3
2 2
+ + + + + x x x x x x
Bi 3: (2.0 im)
a. Chng minh phng trnh (n+1)x
2
+ 2x - n(n+2)(n+3) = 0 lun c nghim hu t vi
mi s n nguyn.
b. Gi x
1
, x
2
l nghim ca phng trnh x
2
+ 2009x + 1 = 0
x
3
, x
4
l nghim ca phng trnh x
2
+ 2010x + 1 = 0
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc: (x
1
+x
3
)(x
2
+ x
3
)(x
1
-x
4
)(x
2
-x
4
)
Bi 4: ( 3.0 im)
Cho ng trn (O) v im A nm ngoi ng trn. V cc tip tuyn AB, AC vi
ng trn (B, C l cc tip im). on thng AO ct ng trn (O) ti M. Trn cung nh MC
ca (O) ly im D. AD ct (O) ti im th hai E. I l trung im ca DE. ng thng qua D
vung gc vi BO ct BC ti H v ct BE ti K.
a. Chng minh bn im B, O, I, C cng thuc mt ng trn.
b. Chng minh ICB = IDK
c. Chng minh H l trung im ca DK.
Bi 5: ( 1.0 im)
Cho A(n) = n
2
(n
4
- 1). Chng minh A(n) chia ht cho 60 vi mi s t nhin n.
Bi 1: (1.5 im)
Thc hin tnh:
2 4
4 2 2
2
2
+ +
+
x x
x x
vi
3 6 2 + x

2
1
) 2 2 ( 2
) 2 2 (
2 ) 2 )( 2 (
) 2 )( 2 ( 2 2 2
2
+

+ + +
+ +

+ + +
+ + + +

x x x x
x x
x x x
x x x x
Thay
3 6 2 + x
vo
c:
2 3
2 3
1
) 2 3 (
1
3 2 6 2
1
2

+

+ +
Bi 2: (2.5 im)
Gii cc phng trnh:
a. 2 4 5 5
2 2
+ + + x x x x
2 4 5 4 5
2 2
+ + + + x x x x .t
4 5
2
+ + x x y
(y 0) c: y
2
- y - 2 = 0
Gii phng trnh c: y
1
= -1 (loi); y
2
= 2.Vi y = 2 gii 2 4 5
2
+ + x x c x
1
= 0; x
2
= -5.
2
Th li (hoc i chiu vi iu kin) kt lun nghimGhi ch: C th t y = x
2
+ 5x. Lc ny
cn t iu kin khi bnh phng hai v.
b. 3 2 2 3 2 3
2 2
+ + + + + x x x x x x
) 3 )( 1 ( 2 3 ) 2 )( 1 ( + + + + x x x x x x
,
0 3 2 ) 3 2 ( 1 + + + x x x x x
0 ) 1 1 )( 3 2 ( + x x x
0 3 2 + x x
v nghim;
0 1 1 x
c x = 2. Th li (hoc i chiu vi iu kin) kt
lun nghim.
Bi 3: (2.0 im)
a.Chng minh Phng trnh (n+1)x
2
+ 2x - n(n+2)(n+3) = 0 lun c nghim hu t vi mi s n
nguyn.
n =-1: Phng trnh c nghim. Vi n -1 n+1 0. = 1+ n(n+2)(n+3)(n+1)
= 1+ (n
2
+ 3n)(n
2
+3n+2) = (n
2
+ 3n)
2
+ 2(n
2
+ 3n) + 1 =(n
2
+ 3n + 1)
2
.
0,50
0 nn phng trnh lun c nghim.
0,25
chnh phng, cc h s l s nguyn nn cc nghim ca phng trnh l s hu t.
0,25
b. Gi x
1
, x
2
l nghim ca phng trnh x
2
+ 2009x + 1 = 0
x
3
, x
4
l nghim ca phng trnh x
2
+ 2010x + 1 = 0
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc: (x
1
+x
3
)(x
2
+ x
3
)(x
1
-x
4
)(x
2
-x
4
)
Gii:
Chng t hai phng trnh c nghim.
C: x
1
x
2
= 1x
3
x
4
= 1 x
1
+x
2
= -2009 x
3
+ x
4
= -2010
Bin i kt hp thay: x
1
x
2
= 1; x
3
x
4
= 1
(x
1
+x
3
)(x
2
+ x
3
)(x
1
-x
4
)(x
2
-x
4
) = (x
1
x
2
+ x
2
x
3
- x
1
x
4
-x
3
x
4
)(x
1
x
2
+x
1
x
3
-x
2
x
4
-x
3
x
4
)
= (x
2
x
3
- x
1
x
4
)(x
1
x
3
-x
2
x
4
)= x
1
x
2
x
3
2
- x
3
x
4
x
2
2
- x
3
x
4
x
1
2
+x
1
x
2
x
4
2
= x
3
2
- x
2
2
- x
1
2
+ x
4
2
= (x
3
+ x
4
)
2
- 2x
3
x
4
-( x
2
+ x
1
)
2
+ 2x
1
x
2
= (x
3
+ x
4
)
2
-( x
2
+ x
1
)
2
Thay x
1
+x
2
= -2009; x
3
+ x
4
= -2010 c : 2010
2
- 2009
2
=2010+2009 =4019
Ghi ch: C th nhn theo nhm [(x
1
+x
3
)(x
2
+ x
3
)].[(x
1
-x
4
)(x
2
-x
4
)]
Bi 4: ( 3.0 im)
O A
B
C
I
D
E
K
H
M
3
OB BA; OC CA ( AB, AC l cc tip tuyn),OI IA (I l trung im ca dy DE) .
B, O, I, C cng thuc ng trn ng knh AO.
0,75
ICB = IAB ( Cng chn cung IB ng trn ng knh AO) (1)
DK // AB (Cng vung gc vi BO) IDK = IAB (2)
T (1) v (2) c: ICB = IDK
1.0
ICB = IDK hay ICH = IDH T gic DCIH ni tip. HID = HCD
HCD = BED (Cng chn cung DB ca (O)) HID = BED IH // EB
IH l ng trung bnh ca DEK H l trung im ca DK
Bi 5: ( 1.0 im)
Chng minh A(n) = n
2
(n
4
- 1). chia ht cho 60 vi mi s t nhin n.
- A(n) = n.n(n
2
- 1)( n
2
+ 1) = n.n(n - 1)(n+1)( n
2
+ 1). Do n(n - 1)(n+1) chia ht cho 3 nn A(n)
chia ht cho 3 vi mi n.
- A(n) = n
2
(n
4
- 1) = n(n
5
- n). Do n
5
- n chia ht cho 5 theo phecma nn A(n) chia ht cho 5 vi
mi n.
- Nu n chn n
2
chia ht cho 4 A(n) chia ht cho 4. Nu n l (n-1)(n+1) l tch hai s chn
nn n chia ht cho 4. A(n) chia ht cho 4 vi mi n.
- Ba s 3,4,5 i mt nguyn t cng nhau nn A(n) chia ht cho 3.4.5 hay A(n) chia ht cho 60.
Bi 1: (2.0 im)
a) Chng minh bt ng thc:
1 1 4
a b a b
+
+
. Vi
; a b
l cc s dng.
b) Cho
; x y
l hai s dng v
1 x y +
.Tm gi tr nh nht ca

xy
P
2
1

;
2 2
2 3
M
xy x y
+
+
.
Bi 2: (2.0 im)
Gii h phng trnh:

'

+ + +
+
2 4 3
11
2 2
y xy x
y x
Bi 3: (2.0 im)
Hnh ch nht ABCD c M, N ln lt l trung im cc cnh AB, CD. Trn tia i ca
tia CB ly im P. DB ct PN ti Q v ct MN ti O. ng thng qua O song song vi AB ct
QM ti H.
a. Chng minh HM = HN.
b. Chng minh MN l phn gic ca gc QMP.
Bi 4: (3.0 im)
Cho na ng trn (O, R) ng knh AB. EF l dy cung di ng trn na ng trn
sao cho E thuc cung AF v EF = R. AF ct BE ti H. AE ct BF ti C. CH ct AB ti I
a. Tnh gc CIF.
b. Chng minh AE.AC + BF. BC khng i khi EF di ng trn na ng trn.
c. Tm v tr ca EF t gic ABFE c din tch ln nht. Tnh din tch .
4
Bi 5: (1.0 im)
Tm ba s nguyn t m tch ca chng bng nm ln tng ca chng.
GII
Bi 1: (2.0 im)
a. Chng minh bt ng thc:
1 1 4
a b a b
+
+
. Vi
; a b
l cc s dng.
b. Cho
; x y
l hai s dng v
1 x y +
.Tm gi tr nh nht ca

xy
P
2
1

;
2 2
2 3
M
xy x y
+
+
.
1 1 4
a b a b
+
+

( ) ( ) 0 4
4
2 2
+
+

+
b a ab b a
b a ab
b a
0,50
2
1 . 2
4
) ( 2
4
2 2
1

+

+

y x xy
y x
xy
P
0,50
P t gi tr nh nht ti: x = y =
2
1
0,25
hoc:
2
2
1
4
1
4
1
) ( 4 2
2 2 2
+ +
xy xy
xy y x xy y x xy
2 2
2 3
M
xy x y
+
+
=
14 12 2
) (
3 . 4
2
1
2
3 . 4
2
1 3
2
4
2 2 2 2 2
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
y x xy y xy x xy y x xy
0,50
-
xy 2
1
t GTNN ti x = y =
2
1
.
- 2 2
3
2
3
y x xy +
+
t GTNN ti x = y =
2
1
. Nn M t GTNN ti x = y =
2
1
.
0,25
Bi 2: (2.0 im)
Gii h phng trnh:

'

+ + +
+
2 4 3
11
2 2
y xy x
y x
- t S = x + y; P = xy c:

'

+ +

2 4 3
11 2
2
P S
P S
0,25
-
0 ) 2 8 17 ( 2
2
+ + S S
0,25
- Gii phng trnh c
2 3
1
+ S
;
2 5
2
S
0,25
-
2 3
1
+ S
c
2 3
1
P
;
2 5
2
S
c
2 5 8
2
+ P
0,25
- Vi
2 3
1
+ S
;
2 3
1
P
c x, y l hai nghim ca phng trnh:
0 2 3 ) 2 3 (
2
+ + X X
0,25
- Gii phng trnh c
2 ; 3
2 1
X X
. 0,25
- Vi
2 5
2
S
c
2 5 8
2
+ P
c x, y l hai nghim ca phng trnh:
0 2 5 8 ) 2 5 (
2
+ + + + X X
. Phng trnh ny v nghim.
0,25
- H c hai nghim:

'

2
3
y
x
;

'

3
2
y
x
0,25
Bi 3: (2.0 im)
-Chng t MBND l hnh bnh hnh O l trung
im ca MN.
0,75
A B
C
D
P
M
N
Q
O
H
5
- OH // AB OH MN.
- HMN cn ti H (Trung tuyn va l ng
cao) HM = HN.
- OH // BM c:
OB
OQ
HM
HQ

- ON // BP c:
NP
NQ
OB
OQ

NP
NQ
HM
HQ

NH//PM HNM =
NMP HMN = NMP MN l phn
gic ca gc QMP
1,25
Bi 5: (1.0 im)
Tm ba s nguyn t m tch ca chng bng nm ln tng ca chng.
Gii:
Gi a,b,c l ba s nguyn t cn tm ta c: abc = 5(a+b+c). Tch ba s nguyn t abc chia
ht cho 5 nn c mt s bng 5.
0,25
Gi s a = 5 c 5bc = 5(5+b+c) bc = 5+b+c.
bc -b - c + 1 = 6 (b-1)(c-1) = 6.
0,50
b,c l cc s nguyn dng c vai tr nh nhau nn ta c cc h:

'

'

7
2
6 1
1 1
c
b
c
b
v

'

'

4
3
3 1
2 1
c
b
c
b
Kt lun: Ba s nguyn t cn tm l 2, 5, 7
0,25
Bi 4: (3.0 im)
- BE, AF l hai ng cao ca ABC CI l ng cao th ba hay CIAB
- T gic IHFB ni tip HIF = HBF hay CIF = EBF .
1,0
A
B
E
F
C
H
I
O
6
- EOF u nn EOF = 60
0
. EF = 60
0
CIF = EBF = 30
0
.
- Chng minh ACI ng dng vi ABE - c:
AI AB AE AC
AE
AI
AB
AC
. .
- Tng t BCI ng dng vi BAE c:
BI BA BF BC
BF
BI
BA
BC
. .
- Cng c: AE.AC + BF. BC = AB.AI + AB.BI =AB(AI + IB) = AB
2
= const.
1.0
- Chng minh ABC ng dng vi FEC.-
4
1
2
2 2

,
_

,
_

R
R
AB
EF
S
S
ABC
FEC
ABC ABFE
S S
4
3

- ABFE
S
ln nht ABC
S
ln nht CI ln nht. C chy trn cung cha gc 60
0
v
trn AB nn CI ln nht khi I O CAB cn EF // AB.
- Lc
4
3 . 3
3 .
2
3 . . 2
2
2
R
S R
R R
S
ABFE ABC

1,0
Bi 1.(3,0 im)
a,Tnh:
3 5 3 5
M
2 3 5 2 3 5
+
+
+ +

b, Khng s dng bng s v my tnh hy so snh:
A 2007 2009 + v B 2 2008
Bi 1.(3,0 im)
a,Tnh:
3 5 3 5
M
2 3 5 2 3 5
+
+
+ +

Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
M 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5
2
2 6 2 5 2 6 2 5
2 5 1 2 5 1
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
0,
5
2,0

3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5
2 5 1 2 5 1 2 5 1
2 5 1
+ +
+ +
+ + + + +

=
3 5 3 5
3 5 3 5
+
+
+
(v
5 1 > )
0,
5
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
3 5 3 5
9 6 5 5 9 6 5 5
9 5
3 5 3 5
+ +
+ + + +

+
=
28
7
4

0,
5
M 7 2
0,
5
b, Khng s dng bng s v my tnh hy so snh: A 2007 2009 + v
B 2 2008
Ta c A 2007 2009 +
( )
2
2008 1 2008 1 2008 1 2008 1 + + + +
0,5
1,0

2 2
2.2008 2 2008 1 2.2008 2 2008 2 2008 + < +
Vy A < B. 0,5
Bi 2.(4,0im)
7
Cho biu thc:
x 2 x 1 x 1
P :
2 x x 1 x x 1 1 x
_
+
+ +

+ +
,
vi x > 0 v x

1
a, Rt gn P.
b, Tm x
2
P
7

c, So snh
2
P
vi 2P
Bi 2.(4,0im)
a, Rt gn P.
Ta c
x 2 x 1 x 1
P :
2 x x 1 x x 1 1 x
_
+
+ +

+ +
,
vi x > 0 v x

1
( )
( ) ( )
3
x 2 x 1 x 1
:
2 x x 1 x 1
x 1
x 2 x 1 x 1
:
2 x x 1 x 1
x 1 x x 1
_
+

+

+ +

,
_
+

+

+ +
+ +
,
0,5
1,5

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x 2 x x 1 x x 1
x 1 x 2 x x x x 1 2
: .
2 x 1
x 1 x x 1 x 1 x x 1
+ + + +
+ +

+ + + +
0,5
( ) ( )
x 2 x 1 2 2
.
x 1 x x 1
x 1 x x 1
+

+ +
+ +
. Vy
2
P
x x 1

+ +
0,5
b, Tm x
2
P
7

Ta c
2
P
x x 1

+ +
( vi x > 0; x

1)
Nn
2 2 2
P x x 1 7 x x 6 0
7 7 x x 1
+ + +
+ +
0,5
1,25

( ) ( )
x 2 x 3 0 +
x 2 0 ( v x 3 0 + > vi mi x > 0)
x 4 ( t/m k).
0,5
Vy vi x = 4 th
2
P
7

0,2
5
c, So snh
2
P
vi 2P
Ta c
2
P
x x 1

+ +
( vi x > 0; x

1)
M
2
1 3
x x 1 x 0
2 4
_
+ + + + >

,
vi mi x > 0,
0,5 1,25

D P
Q
M
N
o
f e
k
i
c b
a
8
nn
2
P 0
x x 1
>
+ +
vi mi x > 0
Ta li c
x x 0 + >
vi mi x > 0

1 2
x x 1 1 1 P 2
x x 1 x x 1
+ + > < <
+ + + +
0,5
V P > 0 v P < 2 nn P(P - 2) < 0

P
2
- 2P < 0

P
2
< 2P.
Vy P
2
< 2P
0,2
5
Bi 4.(7,5 im)
Cho tam gic ABC (AB < AC) ngoi tip ng trn (O;R). ng trn (O;R)
tip xc vi cc cnh BC, AB, AC ln lt ti cc im D, N, M. K ng knh DI
ca ng (O;R). Qua I k tip tuyn ca ng (O;R) n ct AB, AC ln lt ti
E, F.
a, Bit AB = 8cm, AC = 11cm, BC = 9cm. Tnh chu vi ca tam gic AEF.
b, Chng minh EI. BD = IF.CD = R
2
.
c, Gi P l trung im ca BC, Q l giao im ca AI v BC, K l trung
im ca AD. Chng minh ba im K, O, P thng hng v AQ = 2KP.
Bi 4.(7,5 im)
a,Bit AB = 8cm, AC = 11cm, BC = 9cm. Tnh chu vi ca tam gic AEF.
+ c/m cho chu vi ca tam gic AEF l P
AEF
= 2AN 0,7
5
2,0

+ c/m cho 2AN = AB + AC BC = 8 + 11 9 = 10 cm 0,7

5
+ suy ra P
AEF
= 2AN = 10 cm 0,5
b,Chng minh EI. BD = IF.CD = R
2
.
+ c/m cho tam gic EOB vung ti O

EN.BN = ON
2
= R
2
( theo h thc lng trong tam gic
1,2
5
2,5

9
vung)
M EI = EN, BD = BN ( t/c 2 tip tuyn ct nhau ti 1
im)

EI. BD = R
2
.
+ Tng t ta c: IF.DC = R
2
0,7
5
+ Suy ra EI. BD = IF.CD = R
2
. 0,5
c, Gi P l trung im ca BC, Q l giao im ca AI v BC, K l trung
im ca AD. Chng minh ba im K, O, P thng hng v AQ = 2KP.
p dng h qa nh l Talet trong cc tam gic AQC v
tam gic ABC ta c
IF AF AF FE
;
QC AC AC BC

IF FE
QC BC

(1)
0,7
5
3,0

Theo cu b ta c:
IF IE IE IF EF
EI.BD IF.CD
BD CD BD CD BC
+

+
(2)
0,7
5
T (1) v (2) suy ra
IF IF
QC BD
QC BD

0,5
+V P l trung im ca BC (gt), QC = BD ( cmt)

P l
trung im ca DQ
M O l trung im ca ID suy ra OP l ng trung
bnh ca tam gic DIQ

OP // IQ hay OP // AQ (3)
+ V K l trung im ca AD, O l trung im ca ID
suy ra KO l ng trung bnh ca tam gic ADI

KO //
AI hay KO // AQ (4)
+ T (3) v (4)

K, O, P thng hng.
0,7
5
Do K l trung im ca AD, P l trung im ca DQ suy
ra KP l ng trung bnh ca tam gic DAQ suy ra AQ =
2KP.
0,2
5
Bi 2. (1) Rt gn
3 3 3 3
2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2
A
- +
= +
- + + -
.
Bi 3 (2) Cho
2
2
1 2 2 4
2 7 10 5
x x x
B
x x x x

+
+
a) Rt gn A.
b) Tm x nguyn A nguyn.
Bi 4 (4). Tam gic ABC c ba gc nhn, cc ng cao AD, BE, CF gp nhau ti H. ng
thng vung gc vi AB ti B v ng thng vung gc vi AC ti C ct nhau ti G.
a) Chng minh rng GH i qua trung im M ca BC.
b) ABC ~ AEF
10
c)
E D C F D B


d) H cch u cc cnh ca tam gic DEF.
Bi 2.
3 3 3 3
2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2
A
- +
= +
- + + -
.

2( 3 3) 2( 3 3)
4 2 3 4 4 2 3 4
- +
= +
- + + -

2( 3 3) 2( 3 3)
3 1 4 3 1 4
- +
= +
- + + -

2 2
2( 3 3) 2( 3 3)
3 9
- + +
=
-

24 2
4 2
6
= =-
-
Bi 2a) x
2
-7x+10=(x-5)(x-2). iu kin A c ngha l
x 5v x 2
2 2
2
2
2
1 2 2 4 1 2 2 4
2 7 10 5 2 ( 5)( 2) 5
5 2 (2 4)( 2)
( 5)( 2)
8 15 ( 5)( 3) 3
( 5)( 2) ( 5)( 2) 2
x x x x x x
A
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x x x x
x x x x x

+ +
+
+

+ +


2b)
( 2) 1 1
1
2 2
x
A
x x
+
+

, vi x nguyn, A nguyn khi v ch khi
1
2 x
nguyn, khi
x-2=1 hoc x-2 =-1 ngha l x=3, hoc x=1.
Bi 4a) Ta c BG AB, CH AB, nn BG //CH,
tng t: BH AC, CG AC, nn
BH//CG.t gic BGCH c cc cp cnh i sng song nn n l hnh bnh hnh. Do
hai ng cho GH v BC ct nhau ti trung im ca mi ng. Vy GH i qua trung
im M ca BC.
4b) Do BE v CF l cc ng cao ca tam gic ABC nn cc tam gic ABE v ACF
vung. Hai tam gic vung ABE v ACF c chung gc A nn chng ng dng. T y
F
E
M
G
H
D
C B
A
11
suy ra
(1)
AB AE AB AF
AC AF AE AC

Hai tam gic ABC v AEF c gc A chung (2). T (1) v (2) ta suy ra ABC ~ AEF.
4c) Chng minh tng t ta c BDF~BAC, EDC~BAC, suy ra BDF~DEC

BDF CDE
.
4d) Ta c


0 0
90 90 BDF CDE BDF CDE
AHB BDF AHC CDE ADF ADE


Suy ra DH l tia phn gic gc EDF. Chng minh tng t ta c FH l tia phn gic gc
EFD. T y suy ra H l giao im ba ng phn gic tam gic DEF. Vy H cc u ba
cnh ca tam gic DEF.
Bi 1: ( 2,5 im)
a. Cho:
2
2
1 2 2 4
2 7 10 5
x x x
A
x x x x

+
+
- Thc hin rt gn A.
- Tm x nguyn A nguyn.
Gii
5
4 2
) 2 )( 5 (
2
2
1
2

x
x
x x
x x
x
A
iu kin A c ngha l x 5 v x 2
0,25
) 2 )( 5 (
15 8
) 2 )( 5 (
2 )( 4 2 ( 2 5
2 2

+

x x
x x
x x
x x x x x
A
0,25
2
3
2 )( 5 (
) 3 )( 5 (

x
x
x x
x x
A
0,25
( 2) 1 1
1
2 2
x
A
x x
+
+

0,25
A nguyn khi v ch khi
1
2 x
nguyn, khi x-2=1 hoc x-2 =-1
x=3, hoc x=1.
0,25
t P = a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4
- 2a
2
b
2
-2 b
2
c
2
- 2a
2
c
2

= (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)
2
- 4a
2
b
2
- 4b
2
c
2
- 4a
2
c
2
0,25
Thay c
2
= (a+b)
2
vo ta c:
= (2a
2
+ 2b
2
+ 2ab )
2
- 4(a
2
b
2
+ b
2
c
2
+ a
2
c
2
)
0,25
= 4[(a
2
+ b
2
+ ab)
2
- a
2
b
2
- c
2
(a
2
+b
2
)] 0,25
Thay c
2
= (a+b)
2
vo ta c:
= 4[ (a
2
+b
2
)
2
+2(a
2
+b
2
)ab + a
2
b
2
- a
2
b
2
-(a+b)
2
(a
2
+b
2
)]
0,25
12
= 4[ (a
2
+b
2
)
2
+2(a
2
+b
2
)ab -(a+b)
2
(a
2
+b
2
)]
= 4(a
2
+b
2
)[ (a
2
+b
2
) +2ab -(a+b)
2
]
= 0 a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4
= 2a
2
b
2
+ 2b
2
c
2
+ 2a
2
c
2
0,25
Bi 2: ( 1,5 im)
a. Chng minh: a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
ab + ac + bc vi mi s a, b, c.
b. Chng minh
c b a
c
ab
b
ac
a
bc
+ + + +
vi mi s dng a, b, c.
Gii
2(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) 2(ab + ac + bc)
0,25
2a
2
+ 2b
2
+ 2c
2
-2ab -2ac - 2bc 0
0,25
(a-b)
2
+ (a-c)
2
+ (b-c)
2
0
Bt ng thc cui lun ng (Do (a-b)
2
0 ) nn c pcm
0,25
Cu b

c b a
abc
ab
abc
ac
abc
bc
+ + + +
2 2 2
) ( ) ( ) ( 0,25
Nhn hai v vi s dng abc c:

ab c ac b bc a ab ac bc
2 2 2 2 2 2
) ( ) ( ) ( + + + +
0,25
p dng a) cho ba s ab, bc, ca ta c:
+ +
2 2 2
) ( ) ( ) ( ab ac bc
ab c ac b bc a
2 2 2
+ +
pcm
0,25
Bi 4: (3,0 im)
Cho hnh vung ABCD. M l im trn ng cho BD. H ME gc vi AB v MF
vung gc vi AD.
a. Chng minh DE CF; EF = CM
b. Chng minh ba ng thng DE, BF v CM ng qui.
c. Xc nh v tr ca im M t gic AEMF c din tch ln nht..
Bi 5: (1,5 im)
Cho tam gic ABC (AB < AC) c AD l phn gic. ng thng qua trung im M ca
cnh BC song song vi AD ct AC ti E v ct AB ti F.CMR:BF=CE
Gii
Cu a: 1,25 im
DF = AE DFC = AED
0,25
ADE = DCF
EDC + DCF = EDC + ADE
0,25
0,25
A B
C D
M
E
F
13
EDC + ADE = 90
0

nn DE CF
MC = MA (BD l trung trc ca AC)
0,25
MA = FE nn EF = CM
0,25
Cu b: 1,0 im
MCF = FED MCF = FED
0,25
T MCF = FED chng minh c CM EF
0,25
Tng t a) c CE BF 0,25
ED, FB v CM trng vi ba ng cao ca FEC nn chng ng qui. 0,25
Cu c: 0,75 im
ME + MF = FA + FD l s khng i. 0,25
ME.MF ln nht khi ME = MF 0,25
Lc M l trung im ca BD 0,25
Bi 5: (1,5 im)
Trong BMF c AD//MF nn:

BD
BM
BA
BF

0,25
Trong CAD c AD//ME nn:

CD
CM
CA
CE

0,25
Chia v theo v c:

CM
CD
BD
BM
CE
CA
BA
BF
. .
0,25

BD
CD
CE
CA
BA
BF
.
(BM=CM) 0,25
AD l phn gic nn:

AB
AC
BD
CD

0,25
Thay vo trn c:

AB
AC
CE
CA
BA
BF
.

CE BF
CE
BF
1
0,25
V d 1: Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh:
2 2
3 5 12(1). x y +
Gii:
Ta c: (1)
2 2
3( 1) 5(3 ). x y +
Do (3, 5) = 1 nn
2
( 1) 5. x + M
v
2
(3 ) 3. y M
A
B C D M
E
F
14
t
2
1 5 . x k + ,
2
3 3 . y l
Ta c:
3.5 5.3 ( , ) k l k l k l Z
.
Do :
2
2
1
5 1 0
1
5
3 3 0
1
x k k
k l
y l
l

' '

. Vy x = t 2, y = 0.
Phng trnh c hai nghim nguyn ( 2, 0 ); ( -2, 0 ).
V d 2: Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh:
2 2
4 5 16. x xy y +
Gii:
Tac c:
2 2 2 2
4 5 16 ( 2 ) 16 x xy y x y y + +
.
V:
2 2
16 4 0 + nn
2 4
0
x y
y
t
'

hoc
2 0
4
x y
y

'
t

Gii cc h phng trnh trn ta c cc nghim nguyn ca phng trnh l:

( ; ) (4; 0); ( 4; 0); (8; 4); ( 8; 4); x y
V d 3: Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh:
2 2
3( ) 8 . x xy y x y + + +
Gii:
Phng trnh cho c vit li l:
2 2
3 (3 1) 3 8 0(1) x y x y y + +
.
Phng trnh (1) c nghim khi v ch khi:
2 2 2
(3 1) 12(3 8 ) 0 27 90 1 0. y y y y y + +
Do y nguyn nn
} {
0 3 0;1; 2;3 y y
.
+)Vi y = 0 ta c x = 0.
+)Vi y = 1 ta c x = 1.
+)Vi y = 2 v y = 2 ta c khng tm c x nguyn.
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim nguyn l ( x ; y ) = ( 0 ; 0 ); ( 1 ; 1 );
Bi 1: (3 ). Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
a) A= 90 4 53 160 13 +
Gi i
a) A= 90 4 53 160 13 +
= 10 6 . 2 53 10 4 13 + (0,5)
=
2 2
) 5 3 2 2 ( ) 5 2 2 ( + (0,25)
= 2 2 - 5 - 2 2 - 3 5 = -4 5 (0,5)
15
Vy A= 90 4 53 160 13 + = -4 5 (0,25)
V d 1.1
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
: ) 2 (1)
b) a (1)
CMR a a b a b
b c ab bc ca
+ +
+ + + +
Gii
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
2
) 1 2 0
2 0
0 (2)
a a b a b
a b ab
a b
+ +
+

Do bt ng thc (2) ng nn bt ng thc (1) c chng minh.
b)
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
) 1 2 2 0
2 2 2 0
0 (2)
b a b c ab bc ca
a ab b b bc c c ca a
a b b c c a
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+ +
Bt ng thc (2) ng suy ra iu phi chng minh.
V d 2.1
Chng minh rng:
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
) 1
) 4 4 4 4 8 1
a a b c d ab ac ad
b a b c ab ac bc
+ + + + +
+ + +


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
) Ta c: 4 4 4 4 8
4 4 4 4 8
2 4 4 2
2 2 0
b a b c ab ac bc
a ab b c ac bc
a b c c a b
a b c
+ + +
+ + +
+ +
+
V d 2.2
Chng minh rng:a) ( ) ( )
3
3 3
4 a b a b + +
vi a, b > 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 2
3 3 2 2
2
) Ta c: 4 4
3 0
a a b a b a b a ab b a b
a b a b
1
+ + + + +
]
+
VD1: Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh: 2x + 3y = 11 (1)
Cch 1: Phng php tng qut:
16
Ta c: 2x + 3y = 11
2
1
5
2
3 11

y
y
y
x
phng trnh c nghim nguyn
2
1

y
nguyn
t
Z t
y

2
1

y = 2t + 1
x = -3t + 4
Cc bi tp t ng t : Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh.
a) 3x + 5y = 10
b) 4x + 5y = 65
c) 5x + 7y = 112
Ph ng php 1 : Dng du hiu chia ht gii phng trnh.
VD1: a) Tm cp s nguyn (x ; y) tho mn phng trnh
6x
2
+ 5y
2
= 74 (1)
Cch 1 : Ta c : 6 (x
2
- 4) = 5 (10 - y
2
) (2)
T (2)

6(x
2
- 4) 5 v (6 ; 5) = 1

x
2
- 4 5

x
2
= 5t + 4 vi
N t
Thay x
2
- 4 = 5t vo (2) ta c : y
2
= 10 6t
V x
2
> 0 v y
2
> 0

5t + 4 > 0
10 - 6t > 0

3
5
5
4
< < t
vi
N t

t = 0 hoc t = 1
Vi t = 0

y
2
= 10 (loi)
Vi t = 1

x
2
= 9

x =
3 t
y
2
= 4 y = 2 t
Vy cc cp nghim nguyn l :........................
Ph ng php 2: Phn tch mt v thnh tch, mt v thnh hng s
nguyn
VD1: Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh:
a) xy + 3x - 5y = -3
b) 2x
2
- 2xy + x - y + 15 = 0
c) x
2
+ x = y
2
- 19
Gii :
a) Cch 1: x(y + 3) - 5(y + 3) = -18

(x - 5) (y + 3) = -18...
17
Cch 2 :
3
18
5
3
3 5
+

+

y y
y
x
b) Tng t.
c) 4x
2
+ 4x = 4y
2
- 76

(2x + 1)
2
- (2y)
2
= -75...
Ph ng php 4 : Phng php s dng tnh cht ca s chnh phng
VD1 : Tm nghim nguyn ca.
a) x
2
- 4xy + 5y
2
= 169
b) x
2
- 6xy + 13y
2
= 100
Gii :
a) (x - 2y)
2
+ y
2
= 169 = 0 + 169 = 25 + 144...
b) (x 3y)
2
+ (2y)
2
= 100 = 0 + 100 = 36 + 64 = ...
Ph ng php 5 : Phng php cng thc nghim phng trnh bc 2
VD : Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh.
a) 2x
2
-2xy + x + y + 15 = 0
b) 5(x
2
+ xy + y
2
) = 7(x+2y) ( thi hc sinh gii tnh 2009 2010)
c) x(x + 1) = y (y + 1) (y
2
+ 2)
VD1 : Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh :
2x
2
+ 4x = 19 -3y
2
Gii :

4x
2
+ 8x + 4 = 42 - 6y
2
(2x + 2)
2
= 6 (7 - y
2
)
V (2x + 2)
2
0

7 - y
2
0

7
2
y
M y Z

y = 0 ; 1 t ; 2 t T y ta tm c gi tr tng ng ca x
Bi 4: (3,0 im)
Cho hnh vung ABCD. M l im trn ng cho BD. H ME gc vi AB v MF
vung gc vi AD.
a. Chng minh DE CF; EF = CM
b. Chng minh ba ng thng DE, BF v CM ng qui.
c. Xc nh v tr ca im M t gic AEMF c din tch ln nht..
Bi 4: (3,0 im)
Cu a: 1,25 im
DF = AE DFC = AED
0,25
ADE = DCF
0,25
A B
C D
M
E
F
18
EDC + DCF = EDC + ADE

EDC + ADE = 90
0

nn DE CF
0,25
MC = MA (BD l trung trc ca
AC) 0,25
MA = FE nn EF = CM
0,25
Cu b: 1,0 im
MCF = FED MCF = FED
0,25
T MCF = FED chng minh c CM EF
0,25
Tng t a) c CE BF 0,25
ED, FB v CM trng vi ba ng cao ca FEC nn chng ng qui. 0,25
Cu c: 0,75 im
ME + MF = FA + FD l s khng i. 0,25
ME.MF ln nht khi ME = MF 0,25
Lc M l trung im ca BD 0,25
Bi 5: (1,5 im)
Cho tam gic ABC (AB < AC) c AD l phn gic. ng thng qua trung im M ca
cnh BC song song vi AD ct AC ti E v ct AB ti F.
Chng minh BF = CE.
Bi 5: (1,5 im)
Bi 2: ( 1,5 im)
a. Chng minh: a
2
+ b
2
+
c
2
ab + ac + bc vi mi s a,
b, c.
b. Chng minh
c b a
c
ab
b
ac
a
bc
+ + + +
vi mi s
dng a, b, c.
Gii
2(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) 2(ab + ac + bc)
0,25
2a
2
+ 2b
2
+ 2c
2
-2ab -2ac - 2bc 0
0,25
(a-b)
2
+ (a-c)
2
+ (b-c)
2
0
0,25
Trong BMF c AD//MF nn:

BD
BM
BA
BF

0,25
Trong CAD c AD//ME nn:

CD
CM
CA
CE

0,25
Chia v theo v c:

CM
CD
BD
BM
CE
CA
BA
BF
. .
0,25

BD
CD
CE
CA
BA
BF
.

(BM=CM)
0,25
AD l phn gic nn:

AB
AC
BD
CD

0,25
Thay vo trn c:

AB
AC
CE
CA
BA
BF
.

CE BF
CE
BF
1
0,25
A
B C D M
E
F
19
Bt ng thc cui lun ng (Do (a-b)
2
0 ) nn c pcm
Cu b

c b a
abc
ab
abc
ac
abc
bc
+ + + +
2 2 2
) ( ) ( ) ( 0,25
Nhn hai v vi s dng abc c:

ab c ac b bc a ab ac bc
2 2 2 2 2 2
) ( ) ( ) ( + + + +
0,25
p dng a) cho ba s ab, bc, ca ta c:
+ +
2 2 2
) ( ) ( ) ( ab ac bc
ab c ac b bc a
2 2 2
+ + pcm
0,25
Bi 1: ( 2,0 im)
a. Tm x, y bit:
y
x
+
+
7
4
=
7
4
v x + y = 22
b. Cho
4 3
y x

v
6 5
z y

. Tnh M =
z y x
z y x
5 4 3
4 3 2
+ +
+ +
Bi 1: (2,0 im)

x 7 28 +
=
y 4 28 +
0,25

7 4 7 4 +
+

y x y x
0,25

2
11
22
7 4

y x

14 ; 8 y x
0,25
20 15 4 3
y x y x

;
24 20 6 5
z y z y


24 20 15
z y x

(1) 0,25
(1)
96 60 30
4 3 2
96
4
60
3
30
2
+ +
+ +

z y x z y x
0,25
(1)
120 80 45
5 4 3
120
5
80
4
45
3
+ +
+ +

z y x z y x
0,25

96 60 30
4 3 2
+ +
+ + z y x
:
120 80 45
5 4 3
+ +
+ + z y x
=
30
2x
:
45
3x
0,25

245
186
5 4 3
4 3 2
1
5 4 3
245
.
186
4 3 2

+ +
+ +

+ +
+ +
z y x
z y x
M
z y x
z y x
0,25
Bi 4: ( 4,0 im)
Cho tam gic ABC c B < 90
0
v B = 2C. K ng cao AH. Trn tia i ca tia BA ly
im E sao cho BE = BH. ng thng HE ct AC ti D.
a. Chng minh BEH = ACB.
b. Chng minh DH = DC = DA.
c. Ly B sao cho H l trung im ca BB. Chng minh tam gic ABC cn.
d. Chng minh AE = HC.
Bi 4: ( 4,0 im)
Cu a: 0,75 im
BEH cn ti B nn E = H
1
A
B
C
H
E
D
B
1
2
1
20
ABC = E + H
1
= 2 E
ABC = 2 C BEH = ACB
Cu b: 1,25 im
Chng t c DHC cn ti D nn DC =
DH.
DAH c:
DAH = 90
0
- C
DHA = 90
0
- H
2
=90
0
- C
DAH cn ti D nn DA = DH.
Cu c: 1,0 im
ABB cn ti A nn B = B = 2C
B = A
1
+ C nn 2C = A
1
+ C
C = A
1
ABC cn ti B
Cu d: 1,0 im
AB = AB = CB
BE = BH = BH
C: AE = AB + BE
HC = CB + BH
AE = HC
1) Rt gn biu thc sau:
2 2 2 2 2
( ) x y x y y x
P
xy x y x y
_

,
Gii
Vi k x

0; y

0; x

y ta c:
2 2 2 2 2
( ) x y x y y x
P
xy x y x y
_

,
xy x y x y
xy x y x y
_
+

,
Xt TH:
Xy > 0 => P = 1
Xy < 0 => P = 1
Vy P = 1
21
Bi 4(8)
1) Cho tam gic ABC c ba gc nhn. v ng cao BE v AD. Gi H l trc tm v G l
trng tm tam gic ABC.
a) Chng minh rng: tgB.tgC =
AD
HD
b) Chng t rng HG//BC

tgB.tgC = 3
Gii
a) tm c tgB=
AD
BD
,tgC=
AD
CD
=> tgB.tgC=
2
.
AD
BDCD

. . BDH ADC BDCD AD DH > :
=>tgB.tgC=
AD
DH
b) chng minh c :
3
AM
GM

( M l trung im ca BC)
ADM c HG//BC
//
3 .
HG DM
AM AH
GM HD
tgBtgC
<>
<>
<>
(nu hs cm hai chiu th chiu th nht 0.75, chiu ngc li 0.75)
Cu 1(4): Cho biu thc:
A =
2
4 4 x x x +
a. Tm iu kin xc nh ca biu thc A.
b. Rt gn biu thc A.
Gi i
a.Bin i biu thc c:
A =
2
( 2) 2 x x x x
iu kin xc nh ca A l:
22

2 2
2
0
4x 4
1
x x
x
x x
x

'
+

b. Nu
x 2
th
( 2) 2 x x
Nu
1 x
<2 th
( ( 2)) 2x 2 x x
Cu 1: (3 im) Rt gn biu thc sau:
A =
9 17 9 17 2 +
Gii
A =
9 17 9 17 2 +
=
18 2 17 18 2 17
2
2 2
+

0,5 im
=
17 2 17 1 17 2 17 1
2
2 2
+ + +

=
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
17 1 17 1
2
2 2
+

1,0 im
=
17 1
17 1
2
2 2

+

=
17 1 17 1
2
2 2
+

(v
17 1 >
) 1,0 im
=
2
2 2 2 0
2

Bi 2: (4,0 im) Cho biu thc:
+
+ + +
1 3 2
B
x 1 x x 1 x x 1
a) Tm iu kin ca x biu thc B c ngha.
b) Rt gn B.
Tnh gi tr ca B bit
+ + x 4 7 4 7 2
Gii
Bi 2: (5,0 im) Cho biu thc:
+
+ + +
1 3 2
B
x 1 x x 1 x x 1
a)
0 x
(1,0 im)
b)
+
+ + +
1 3 2
B
x 1 x x 1 x x 1
23
=
3 3 3
1 3 2( 1)
( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1
x x x
x x x
+ +
+
+ + +
(0,5 im)
=
3
1 3 2( 1)
( ) 1
x x x
x
+ + +
+
(0,5 im)
=
( 1)( 1)
x x
x x x
+
+ +
(0,5 im)
=
( 1)
( 1)( 1)
x x
x x x
+
+ +

=
1
x
x x +
(0,5 im)
Vy B =
1
x
x x +
(0,5 im)
c)
+ + x 4 7 4 7 2
=
2(4 7) 2(4 7)
2
2 2
+
+
(0,5 im)
=
2 2
( 7 1) ( 7 1)
2
2 2
+
+
(0,5 im)
=
7 1 7 1 2
2 2 2 2 0
2 2

+ + +
(0,5 im)
Suy ra x = 0
Vy gi tr ca B = 0
Bi 1 ( 4 im ). Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t :
a. 9x
2
- 64 - 12xy + 4y
2
b. x
2
+ 7x + 10
Gii
Bi 1 a .9x
2
- 64 - 12xy + 4y
2
= (9x
2
- 12xy + 4y
2
) 64 =
= ( 3x 2y )
2
8
2
= ( 3x 2y - 8 ) ( 3x 2y + 8 )
b .x
2
+ 7x + 10 = x
2
+5x +2x + 10 =
= x(x+5) + 2(x+5) = (x+5)(x+2)
Bi 3 ( 4 im ). Gii phng trnh :
24
a.
+ 2x 1 3x 2
b. x
2
2 = ( 2x + 3 )( x + 5 ) + 23
Gii
a). Ta xt cc trng hp sau :
Trng hp 1 :

+ +
+
1
x 2x 1 0 2x 1 3x 2
2
2x 1 3x 2 x 3
Ta thy x =3 thuc khong ang xt vy n l nghim ca phng
trnh.
Trng hp 2 :

+ < +
+
1
x 2x 1 0 2x 1 3x 2
2
2x 1 3x 2 5x 1 x 0,2
Ta thy x =0,2 khng thuc khong ang xt
Vy n khng l nghim ca phng trnh.Vy phng trnh c nghim
x=3
b).

[ ]
+++
++
+++
+++
+

+
2
2
x 2(2x3)(x5) 23
x 25(2x3)(x5)
(x5)(x5) (2x3)(x5)
(x5)(x5) (2x3)(x5) 0
(x5)x5(2x3) 0
(x5)(x8) 0
x50 x 5
x80 x 8
0,5 im
0,5 im
0,5 im
0,5 im
0,5 im
0,5 im
0,5 im
0,5 im
Cu 2. ( 4 im)
Tm nghim nguyn ca h

'

+ +
+
8
7 2 2 2
3 3
2 2
y x y x
x y x y x y
Gii
Vit li h cho di dng
(x+2y+2) ( x-y) =-7 (1)
x
3
+y
3
+x-y = 8 (2)
(1,5)
T (1) do x, y nguyn ta c cc trng hp sau:
25
a, x- y=-1 v x+2y+2 = 7 =>x=1 v y = 2 tho mn ( 2)
(0,5)
b, x-y = 1 v x+ 2y +2 = -7 => x+2y = -9 => y khng nguyn
(o,5)
c, x- y= -7 v x+ 2y +2 = 1
Gii h nyc nghim ( x, y) = ( -5,2) khng tho mn phng trnh
(2) (0,5)
d, x-y = 7 v x+2y+2 = -1 => x+2y =-3 => y khng nguyn
(0,5)
Tm li h cho c duy ht mt nghim nguyn (x, y) =(1, 2)
Cu 2 (1im):
Tm cc gi tr ca m 2 ng thng y = (m 1)x + 2 (m 1)
V y = (3 m)x + 1 (m 3) song song vi nhau.
Gii
y = (m-1)x + 2 v y = (3 - m)x + 1.
L song song vi nhau th ta c:
m-1 = 3 m v 2 1.

2m = 4

m = 2.
Vy vi m = 2 th tho mn bi ra
Cu 3. (4) Cho ng thng (m+2)x my = -1 (1) (m l tham s)
a, Tm im c nh m ng thng (1) lun i qua.
b, Tm im c nh ca m khong cch t O n ng thng (1) l
ln nht.
Gii
a, (2) (m+2)x my = -1 (1)
iu kin cn v ng thng (1) i qua im c nh M(x
0
;y
0
)
m l : (m+2)x
0
my
0
= -1 m
Bin i c:
{
0 0
0
0
2 1 0
x y
x

+

0
0
1
2
1
2
x
y

'

Vy ng thng (1) lun i qua im c nh M(-1/2;-1/2)

b, (2) Gi A l im ca ng thng (1) vi trc tung
x = 0 y =
1
m
do OA =
1
m
B l giao im ca ng thng (1) vi trc honh
Y = 0 x =
1
2 m+
do OB =
1
2 m+
H l khong cch t ) n ng thng (1).
(1)

(1)

26

2
1
h
=
2
1
OA
+
2
1
OB
= m
2
+ (m + 2)
2
= 2(m + 1)
2
+ 2 2

2
1
h

2; max h =
2
2
m = -1
Cu1: (4 im) Cho biu thc
( )
2 3
3 3
2 3 1 3
x
x x x
p
x x x x

+
+
+
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc P vi x = 14 - 6 5 .
c) Tm gi tr nh nht ca P
Cu 4: ( 5im) Cho na ng trn (O) ng knh BC v im A trn na
a)
KX: x

0; x

9
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 3
3 3
2 3 1 3
2 3
3 3
1 3
1 3
3 2 3 3 1
8
1
x
x x x
p
x x x x
x
x x x
x x
x x
x x x x x
x
x

+
+
+

+

+
+
+ +
+

+
b)
( )
2
14 6 5 5 3 3 5
58 2 5
11
x
P

c)
8 1 9 9
1
1 1 1
9
1 2 2 9 2 4
1
x x
p x
x x x
x
x
+ +
+
+ + +
+ +
+
(p dng BT csi)
du "=" xy ra khi v ch khi
9
1 4
1
x x
x
+
+
vy min p = 4 khi x = 4
G
G
O
O
O
O
K
K
B
B
C
C
O
O
A
A
E
E
F
F
I
I
M
27
trn(A khc B v C). K AH vung gc vi BC. Trn cng mt na mt phng b
BC cha im A, v 2 na ng trn (O
1
) v (O
2
) ng knh BH v CH chng
ln lt ct AB, AC E v F.
a) Chng minh: AE.AB = AF.AC.
b) Chng minh EF l tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn (O
1
) v (O
2
).
c) Gi I v K ln lt l cc im i xng ca H qua AB v AC.
Chng minh 3 im I, A, K thng hng.
d) Gi M l giao im ca IK vi tip tuyn k t B ca ng trn (O).
Chng minh MC, AH v EF ng qui.
Gii
a)AE.AB=AF.AC=AH
2
b) C/m
( . . ) GEO GHO c c c V V
suy ra
0
1 1
90 GEO IHO
nn EF l tip
Tuyn ca ng trn (O)
Tng t EF l tip tuyn ca
ng trn (O
1
)
c)C/m EF//AK v EF//AI suy ra A,I v K thng hng.
d) C/m AH ct EF ti trung im G ca
AH( V AEHF l hnh ch nht)
v MC ct AH ti trung im G ca
AH ( V AH// MB v AB//HF nn
GM BH AF
GC CH FC

nn AM//GF G l trung im ca AH)
Suy ra 3 ng EF, AH v MC ng qui
Cu 5. (2) Cho 2 s dng x,y c tng bng 5 . Tm gi tr nh nht ca
biu thc .
A =
1
x
+
1
y
Gi i
A =
1 1 5 x y
x y xy xy
+
+
(0,5)
A nh nht xy ln nht vi x > 0; y > 0 ; x + y = 5 ta lun c (
x y +
)
2

0
x + y

2
xy
Vy xy s ln nht khi x = y =2,5 (1)
Khi Min A =
4
5
(0,5)
28
Cu 2: (5.0 im)
Trn mt phng ta cho cc ng thng (d): 3x 2y + 3 = 0 v
(d') : 3x + 2y 9 = 0 ct nhau ti C v ln lt ct trc Ox ti A, B.
a) Tm ta ca cc im A, B, C.
b) Tm din tch v chu vi ca tam gic ABC bit n v o di trn
cc trc l cm.
Gi i
C l giao im ca d v d
/
nn ta ca C tha mn h :


3 x - 9 2 y
3 3 x 2 y

'

+


1 2 4 y
3 3 x 2 y

'

3 y
1 x

'

Vy C(1 ; 3) (1.0)
Phng trnh trc Ox l y = 0 nn ta A tha mn h :


0 y
3 3 x 2 y

'

+


0 y
1 - x

'

Vy A(- 1; 0) (0.5)
ta B tha mn h :

0 y
3 x - 9 2 y

'

0 y
3 x

'

Vy B(3 ; 0)
(0.5)
Gi H l hnh chiu ca C trn trc Ox th
CH l ng cao ca tam gic CAB v CH = 3
cm ( tung ca im C) ; cnh y AB = AO
+ OB = 1 + 3 = 4 (cm) .
dt( ABC) =
2
1
AB.CH =
2
1
.4.3 = 6 (cm
2
)
(1.5)
HA = HO + OA = 1 + 1 = 2 (cm) HB = AB -
AH = 2 (cm)
HA = HB = 2(cm) tam gic CAB cn ti C (CH va l ng cao va l
trung tuyn) ; tam gic vung HCA c :
13 3 HC AH CA
2 2 2 2
+ + 2 (cm)
chu vi ABC l : AB + BC + CA = 4 2 13 + (cm)
(1.5)
Cu1: (4.0 im)
Cho biu thc
A =

,
_

,
_

+
1
:
1
1
1
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x

y
x
O
H
1
3
3
-1
C
B A
y =
9-3x
2
y =
3x+3
2
29
a) Tm KX ca A. Rt gn A
b) Tm gi tr ca x A = 3
Gii
a) KX: x > 0 v x 1 (0.5)
Ta c: A =

,
_

,
_

+
1
:
1
1
1
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
=

,
_

,
_

+
+ +
1 1
) 1 (
:
1
1
) 1 )( 1 (
) 1 )( 1 (
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x x
x x x
(0.5)
=

,
_

,
_

+
1
:
1
1
1
1
x
x x x
x
x
x
x x
(0.5)
=
1
:
1
1 1

+ +
x
x
x
x x x
(0.5)
=
1
:
1
2

+
x
x
x
x
=
x
x
x
x 1
1
2

+
(0.75)
=
x
x 2
(0.5)
b) A = 3 =>
x
x 2
= 3 => 3x + x - 2 = 0
(0.25)
=> x = 2/3 (0,5)
Bi 3 (4 im): Cho tam gic MNP cn ti M.. Cc ng cao MD v NE ct
nhau ti H. V ng trn (O) ng knh MH. Chng minh rng:
a).E nm trn ng trn (O).
b). Bn im M, N, D, E cng thuc mt ng trn.
c). DE l tip tuyn ca ng trn (O).
Gi i
M

O

E
H
30
N D P

a). Tam gic HME l tam gic vung ti E nn ni tip ng trn ng knh
MH. T E ng trn (O). (1 im)
b). Cc tam gic MDN v MEN l cc tam gic vung c chung cnh huyn
MN nn 4 im M,N,D,E cng thuc mt ng trn ng knh MN. (1
im).
c). Chng minh DE l tip tuyn ca ng trn (O):
Ta c : ENP = DMP ( v cng ph vi gc MPN). (1) (0,25 im)

V OM = OE nn tam gic OME cn , suy ra: OME = OEM (2) (0,25 im)
Tam gic NEP vung ti E, c ED l ng trung tuyn ng vi cnh huyn NP
nn: DN = DE. Suy ra tam gic DNE l tam gic cn. Suy ra DNE = DEN (3)
(0,5
im)

T (1), (2), v (3) Suy ra : OEM = DEN . (0,25 im)

Li c: OEM + HEO = 90
o
, Nn OEH + HED = 90
o
Suy ra DE OE
( 0,5 im)
Suy ra DE l tip tuyn ca ng trn (O). ( 0,25 im).
Bi 5 (3,5 im): Cho hai s thc a,b tho mn a > b v ab = 2 . Tm gi tr
nh nht ca biu thc: Q =
b a
b a

+
2 2

Ta c : Q =
( )
b a
ab b a
b a
b a

+ 2
2 2 2
( 0,5 im)
= a - b +
b a
4
. ( 0,5 im)
V a > b nn a - b > 0 . p dng bt ng thc C-si ta c:
Q = (a - b) +
b a
4

( )
( ) b a
b a

4
. 2
= 4. ( 0,5 im)
Du bng xy ra

'

2 .
4
b a
b a
b a
( 0,5 im)

'

2 .
2
b a
b a
( 0,5 im)
31

'

'

+
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
b
a
b
a
( 0,5 im)
Vy Gi tr nh nht ca Q t c l: Q
min
=4. ( 0,5 im)
Cu 4(6,0 im): Cho hai ng trn (O) v (O) tip xc ngoi ti A. Gi AB l ng knh
ca ng trn (O), AC l l ng knh ca ng trn (O), DE l tip tuyn chung ca hai
ng trn, D (O), E (O), K l giao im ca BD v CE.
a) T gic ADKE l hnh g? V sao?
b) Chng minh AK l tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn (O) v (O)
c) Gi M l trung im ca BC. Chng minh rng MK vung gc vi DE
a) Theo tnh cht gc ngoi ca tam gic : O
1
= 2 B, O
1
= 2 C m O
1
+ O
1
= 1800
nn B+ C=90
0
, suy ra K=90
0
. Ta li c D = E = 90
0
nn t gic ADKE l hnh ch nht.
b) A
1
+ A
2
= D
1
+ D
2
=90
0
nn KA BC. Vy AK l tip tuyn ca (O) v (O).
c) K
1
+ E
1
= C + EKA = 90
0
nn MK DE.
Cu 1
Cho biu thc

,
_

+ +
+

,
_

xy
xy y x
xy
y x
xy
y x
A
1
2
1 :
1 1
32
a, Rt gn A
b, Tnh gi tr ca A khi
3 2
2
+
x
c, Tm gi tr ln nht ca A.

Gii
iu kin A c ngha l
1 ; 0 ; 0 xy y x
(0,5)
Ta c :

,
_

+ +
+

,
_

xy
xy y x
xy
y x
xy
y x
A
1
2
1 :
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
xy
xy y x
xy
xy y x xy y x

+ + +

+ + +

1
1
:
1
1 . 1 .
(0,25)
xy
xy y x
xy
x y y y x x x y y y x x

+ + +

+ + + + +

1
1
:
1
(0,25)
( ) ( ) y x
xy
xy
x y x
+ +

1 . 1
1
.
1
2 2
(0,25)
( )
( )( ) x
x
y x
y x
+

+ +
+

1
2
1 1
1 2
(0,25)
b, 1,5
Ta c :
3 2
2
+
x
tho mn iu kin
0 x
(0,25)
( )
( )( )
( )
2
1 3 3 2 4
3 2 3 2
3 2 2

+

x
(0,25)
Thay x vo A ta c:
( )
3 2 5
1 3 2
1 3 2 4
1 3 2
2

A (0,25)

( )( )
( )( ) 3 2 5 3 2 5
3 2 5 1 3 2
+
+

(0,25)

( )
( )
2
2
3 2 5
3 2 5 6 3 5 2

(0,25)

( ) ( )
13
1 3 3 2
12 25
1 3 3 2 +

+
(0,25)
c, 1
Vi mi
0 x
ta c ( ) 0 1
2
x (0,25)
0 1 2 + x x
x x 2 1 + (0,25)

x
x
+

1
2
1 ( v x+1>0)
1 1
1
2

+
A
x
x
(0,25)
Vy gi tr ln nht ca P = 1 khi 1 0 1 x x (0,25)
Cu 3: (2,5 im)
1. Gii phng trnh nghim nguyn:
( ) 0 3 3 2
2 2
+ + + + y x xy y x
33
Gi i
( ) 0 3 3 2
2 2
+ + + + y x xy y x ( )( ) 3 1 2 + + y x y x
V
( ) Z y x Z y x + ,
v
( ) ( ) y x Z y x + + 1 2
v
1 2 + y x
L cc c ca -3 sao cho tch ca chng bng -3
Ta c cc trng hp:
TH1:
3 ; 4 3 1 2 ; 1 + + y x y x y x
TH2:
5 ; 6 3 1 2 ; 1 + + y x y x y x
TH3:
5 ; 8 1 1 2 ; 3 + + y x y x y x
TH4:
3 ; 6 1 1 2 ; 3 + + y x y x y x
Kt lun: Tp nghim ca phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) } { 3 ; 6 ; 5 ; 8 ; 5 ; 6 ; 3 ; 4 S
Cu 4: (2,5 im)
Cho hnh thang vung ABCD
( )
0
90

D A , tia phn gic ca gc C i qua
trung im I ca AD.
1. Chng minh rng BC l tip tuyn ca ng trn (I, IA).
2. Cho AD = 2a. Tnh tch AB v CD theo a.
Gi i
a) K IH vung gc BC. V I nm trn tia phn gic ca gc D C B

nn
AB IB IH
2
1

( ) IA I H ,
BC
l tip tuyn ca (I,IA)
b) BA vung gc IA v CD vung gc vi IB suy ra BA, CD ln lt l cc
tip tuyn ca (I) ti A v B
- Xt (I, IA), c BA, BH l 2 tip tuyn ct nhau ti B; CD, CH l 2 tip
tuyn ct nhau ti C. Theo tnh cht 2 tip tuyn ct nhau ta c:
( )
3 2 3 2 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1

2

2

;

I I I I I I I I I I I I + + + + +
(1)
CH CD BH BA ;
(2)
Ta c:
0
3 2
0
4 3 2 1
0
90

180

180

+ + + + + I I I I I I D I H H I A
BIC I H B
0
90

vung ti C.
- Xt
BIC
vung ti C, ng cao IH, ta c:
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
. . . a
a AB
CD AB CD AB CH BH IH
,
_

,
_

Cu3: (3) . Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh: y
2
= - 2(x
6
- x
3
y - 32)
34
Vy
nghim
nguyn
ca
phng
trnh l:
(0;8);
(0;-8);
(2;8); (-
2;-8). (0,25)
Bi 1: (3 ). Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
B =
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2
b a c
c
a c b
b
c b a
a

+

+

Vi a + b + c = 0
Gii
b, V a + b + c = 0 a = - b - c a
2
= b
2
+ 2bc + c
2

a
2
- b
2
- c
2
= 2bc (0,5)
Tng t c: b
2
- c
2
- a
2
= 2ac
c
2
- a
2
- b
2
= 2 ab (0,25)
B =
2
3
2
3
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 2 2 2

+ +
+ +
abc
abc
abc
c b a
ab
c
ac
b
bc
a
(0,5)
Vy B =
3
2
Bi 4: (3 ). Cho 2 s dng x, y tha mn x + y =1
a) Tm GTNN ca biu thc M = ( x
2
+ 2
1
y
)( y
2
+
2
1
x
)
b) Chng minh rng: N = ( x +
x
1
)
2
+ ( y +
y
1
)
2

2
25
a) Ta c : M = ( x
2
+ 2
1
y
)( y
2
+
2
1
x
) =
2
2 2
2 2 2
)
1
(
) 1 (
xy
xy
y x
y x
+
+
Mt khc : xy +
xy
1
= ( xy +
)
16
1
xy
+
xy 16
15
( 1).
p dng BT Csi : xy +
xy 16
1
2
16
1
=
2
1
(2).
2
1
2

+

y x
xy
xy
4
1
( 3)
T (1), (2) v (3) ta c : xy +
xy
1

2
1
+
4
1
. 16
15
=
4
17
(xy +
xy
1
)
2
(
4
17
)
2
=
16
289
Ta c: : y
2
= - 2(x
6
- x
3
y - 32) <=> x
6
+(y-x
3
)
2
= 64 (0,75)
=> x
6
64 => -2 x 2 do x Z => x {-1; -2; 1; 0; 1; 2} (0,75)
Xt cc trng hp (1,25)
+ x = 2 => (y - x
3
)
2
= 0 => y = 8
+ x = 1 => (y - x
3
)
2
= 63 => y

Z => pt ny khng c nghim nguyn

+ x = 0 => (y - x
3
)
2
= 4 => y = 8 v y = - 8
+ x = - 1 => (y - x
3
)
2
= 63 => y

Z => pt ny khng c nghim nguyn

+ x = -2 => (y - x
3
)
2
= 0 =>y = - 8
35
Vy minM =
16
289
, t c khi

'

y x
x y
x y
1 6
1
x = y =
2
1
b) p dng BT : A
2
+ B
2

2
) (
2
B A +
, ta c :
N = ( x +
x
1
)
2
+ ( y +
y
1
)
2

2
) (
2
xy
y x
y x
+
+ +
=
2
)
1
1 (
2
xy
+
Mt khc : (x + y)
2
4xy ( do ( x -y)
2
0)
1 4xy xy
4
1
N
2
25
2
4
1
1
1
2
)
1
1 (
2
2

,
_

+
xy
. Vy N
2
25
.
Du "=" xy ra khi

'

+
y x
y x 1
x = y =
2
1
Bi 5. ( 4 im ) Cho tam gic nhn ABC c B = 45
0
. V ng trn ng
knh AC c tm O, ng trn ny ct BA v BC ti D v E.
1. Chng minh AE = EB.
2. Gi H l giao im ca CD v AE, Chng minh rng ng trung trc ca
on HE i qua trung im I ca BH.
3. Chng minh OD l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic BDE.
Gi i


1. AEC = 90
0
(Gc ca tam gic c cnh l ng knh )
=> AEB = 90
0
( v l hai gc k b); Theo gi thit ABE = 45
0

=> AEB l tam gic vung cn ti E => EA = EB.
2. Gi K l trung im ca HE (1) ;
I l trung im ca HB => IK l ng
trung bnh ca tam gic HBE
=> IK // BE m AEC = 90
0
nn BE HE ti E => IK HE ti K (2).
F
1
1
1
2
/
/
_
_
K
H
I
E
D
O
C B
A
36
T (1) v (2) => IK l trung trc ca HE . Vy trung trc ca on HE i qua
trung im I ca BH.
3. Theo trn I thuc trung trc ca HE => IE = IH m I l trung im
ca BH => IE = IB.
ADC = 90
0
(Gc ca tam gic c cnh l ng knh ) => BDH = 90
0
(k b
ADC) => tam gic BDH vung ti D c DI l trung tuyn (do I l trung im
ca BH) => ID = 1/2 BH hay ID = IB => IE = IB = ID => I l tm ng trn
ngoi tip tam gic BDE bn knh ID.
Ta c ODC cn ti O (v OD v OC l bn knh ) => D
1
= C
1
. (3)
IBD cn ti I (v ID v IB l bn knh ) => D
2
= B
1
. (4)
Theo trn ta c CD v AE l hai ng cao ca tam gic ABC => H l trc
tm ca tam gic ABC => BH cng l ng cao ca tam gic ABC => BH
AC ti F =>
AFB c AFB = 90
0
.
Theo trn ADC c ADC = 90
0
=>B
1
= C
1
( cng ph BAC) (5).
T (3), (4), (5) =>D
1
= D
2
m D
2
+IDH =BDC = 90
0
=> D
1
+IDH = 90
0
= IDO
=> OD ID ti D => OD l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
BDE.