H thng kch t my pht thu in (00-00-0000 00:00:00) Trong cc nh my in ni chung v nh my thu in ni ring, vn duy tr in p u cc my pht n nh (lin quan n tn s pht)

) v bng vi gi tr in p nh sn l rt quan trng, h thng kch t my pht phi m bo iu ny bng cch thay i gi tr ca b b tng tr khi my pht vn hnh hoc cch ly vi h thng v cc my ct ng dy truyn ti ng hoc m. Thnh phn quan trng nht trong h thng l cc cu chnh lu thyristor v b t ng iu chnh in p (AVR- Automatic Voltage Regulator). m Khc Tin - Tng cng ty Sng Trong cc nh my in ni chung v nh my thu in ni ring, vn duy tr in p u cc my pht n nh (lin quan n tn s pht) v bng vi gi tr in p nh sn l rt quan trng, h thng kch t my pht phi m bo iu ny bng cch thay i gi tr ca b b tng tr khi my pht vn hnh hoc cch ly vi h thng v cc my ct ng dy truyn ti ng hoc m. Thnh phn quan trng nht trong h thng l cc cu chnh lu thyristor v b t ng iu chnh in p (AVR- Automatic Voltage Regulator). Tnh nng ca h thng kch t Mi t my Tuabin - my pht c cung cp mt h thng kch t hon chnh kiu in t k thut s, c th c gim st bi h thng SCADA ti phng iu khin trung tm, bao gm c b iu chnh in p t ng tc cao. u ra ca b kch t tnh phi c u ni n vnh gp ca my pht thng qua hp u dy lp t trn khung my pht. H thng kch t c cp ngun t h thng in t dng t my v my bin p kch t. Kch t ban u trong thi gian bt u t kch ngun c ly t mt trm c qui 220V. Gi tr dng in v in p kch t thng ln hn cc gi tr nh mc ti thiu l 20% v l0%. H thng kch t cung cp ngun mt chiu to t trng cho my pht ng b t c phm vi cng sut my pht nh quy nh v n nh in p my pht vn hnh ph hp trong h thng in m my pht c ni vo. Trong trng hp tn s my pht gia tng ti gi tr tng ng vi s gia tng tc ln nht do my pht mt ph ti, h thng kch t s nhanh chng phc hi in p n gi tr nh mc v gi n nh.

H thng kch t c kh nng thc hin cc chc nng chnh xc trong khong thi gian c cc nhiu lon qu , v d nh ngn mch trn h thng in cao p, thng thng thit b bo v s gii tr s c trong 0,125s. Thm vo , n sn sng gia tng kch t (ch cng hnh) nu c yu cu. in p trn ca h thng kch t khng nh hn 2 ln gi tr tng ng vi in p u cc my pht nh mc vi cng sut pht nh mc v h s cng sut 0,85 qu kch t hoc km kch t. S tt dn ca cc dao ng gia my pht v h thng in c gi tr tch cc ti mi thi im v di tt c cc iu kin vn hnh trong kh nng ca my pht. H thng kch t s chi phi s suy gim dao ng di cc iu kin nh vy v cc tn hiu phn hi l tn hiu n nh nhn c t gc quay gia rotor v my pht hoc l cng sut my pht phi c cung cp cho h thng kch t. Trong trng hp c s thay i nhanh cng sut tuabin do b iu tc lm vic, s bin i in p u cc my pht nh tc ng ca cc tn hiu phn hi c hn ch khng vt qu 2% khi my pht c ni vo h thng in. Thnh phn chnh ca h thng kch t Thit b kch t bao gm my bin p kiu kh, cc b chnh lu thyristor, b iu chnh t ng in p AVR, b phn dit t, thit b bo v qu p v tt c trang thit b cn thit cho vic iu khin, bo v h thng kch t v my pht trong cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng v s c. Thit b kch t ban u s cung cp dng kch t nh mc thch hp, m bo chc chn v n nh pht xung m c cu chnh lu thyristor. Thit b cho php kch hot cc thit b kch thch t cc ngun tm thi bn ngoi vi cng sut dng kch t lin tc ti l,2 ln cng sut nh mc v c th iu chnh lin tc vi cc bc iu chnh l0% n 100% in p u cc my pht, kim sot s bo ho my pht v th nghim c tnh tr khng trong thi gian vn hnh. Tt c cc tnh nng iu khin, bo v v hot ng ca thit b tng thch vi ch iu khin t xa t phng iu khin nh my. iu khin t xa c gii hn trong mt vi iu khin, chng hn ch vi chc nng nh "khi ng-dng" v "tng-gim" thng qua b iu chnh t ng in p v iu khin bng tay bin tr tng-gim. Thit b kch t c thit k c kh nng khi ng v vn hnh ng

vi cng sut ngun hn ch v phi c lp vi ngun t dng xoay chiu AC ca nh my. B t ng iu chnh in p Mi h thng kch t ca my pht c trang b mt b t ng iu chnh in p (Automatic Voltage Regulator - AVR). B AVR c u ni vi cc bin in p mt pha ll0V ring bit nhau nm trong t thit b ng ct my pht. B AVR p ng c thnh phn pha th t thun ca in p my pht v khng ph thuc vo tn s. B AVR l loi in t k thut s, nhn tn hiu u vo l in p 3-pha ti u cc my pht, s dng nguyn l iu chnh PID theo lch in p u cc my pht, n cng c chc nng iu chnh hng s h s cng sut v hng s dng in trng. Mt b ci t in p c s dng, thit b ny thch hp vi vic vn hnh bng tay ti t iu chnh in p v ti t iu khin ti ch t my. B ci t ny c kh nng t di in p u cc my pht trong khong 5% gi tr in p nh mc. Tt c cc b ci t gi tr vn hnh u l kiu in t k thut s. B ci t gi tr in p vn hnh bng tay v b ci t gi tr in p mu phi t ng t v gi tr nh nht khi t my dng. B AVR t ng m hoc ng mch mi kch t ban u trong qu trnh khi ng t my. Chc nng b in khng c thit k km theo cc phng php iu chnh c th b in khng trong khong ln nht l 20%. Chc nng b dng gia cc t my c thit k m bo in khng c phn b n nh gia cc my pht. C bin php ngn nga qu kch t my pht trong qu trnh khi ng v dng bnh thng ca t my. B AVR cng vi trang thit b ph c t trong t c lp trn sn my pht, ph hp vi cc t khc ca h thng kch t. Tt c trang thit b cho vn hnh v iu khin c lp trn mt trc ca t. Cc mch t hp c thit k vi tin cy ln nht c th v c kt cu d phng ph hp s c mt vi phn t iu khin s khng lm h thng kch t gp nguy him hay khng vn hnh. Tt c cc b phn s ph hp vi iu kin lm vic lin tc v di hn di iu kin nhit 00C-700C v m ti 95%. Mi cu nn dng thyristor c trang b ring mt mch iu khin xung. Mch iu khin xung c kh nng vn hnh t ng v khng t ng.

Cc cng tn hiu vo v ra c th b nh hng do cc nhiu lon trong mch iu khin, do c bo v bng cc b lc nhiu hoc bng cc r le thch hp. tin cy v chnh xc ca gc pha mch iu khin xung phi m bo sao cho cc b chnh lu hot ng trong ton b phm vi p xoay chiu l 30% - 150% gi tr nh mc v tn s l 90%- 145% gi tr nh mc, thm ch c khi sng in p b mo (khng l hnh sin). B AVR c bn gm c mt vng lp iu chnh p bng cc tn hiu tch phn ti t c s n nh tm thi v n nh ng. o lng in p my pht c thc hin trn c ba pha. chnh xc ca in p iu chnh nm trong trong khong 0.5% gi tr ci t, trong cc ch vn hnh t khng ti ti y ti. Mt tn hiu iu khin t bn ngoi c tc ng vo b AVR thay i lin tc gi tr iu chnh mu m khng cn bt c mt b phn quay no. Mt mch cn c th c s dng hn ch dc ca tn hiu bn ngoi, nu cn thit. B AVR c cung cp cng vi cc b gii hn gi tr kch t min, max v c th iu chnh; b gii hn cho php t my vn hnh an ton v n nh, thm ch ti cc gi tr gii hn trn v di kch t. B gii hn hot ng s tc ng iu chnh gc m cc thyristor. N c kh nng a ng cong vn hnh ca cc b gii hn cng gn vi ng cong cng sut ca t my. Do s xut hin st p tc thi hoc do ngn mch ngoi, b gii hn qu kch t s khng phn ng trong khong 1s cho php chnh xc li dng kch t cng bc. Cc gi tr o lng thch hp nh o tnh tr ca mng c ly a vo phc v ch vn hnh di kch t. Mt kho Gi n nh mng - switchable stabilizing network c trang b gp phn dp dao dng ca t my bng cch iu khin thch hp b kch t. Tn hiu n nh c gii hn sao cho n khng th lm b kch t thay i qu l0% gi tr bnh thng trong bt c trng hp no. Tn hiu n nh s t ng ct khi dng tc dng nh hn gi tr xc nh. N c kh nng xc nh cc gi tr t 10-30% gi tr dng tc dng bnh thng v iu chnh tn hiu u ra ca kho Gi n nh mng theo thc t vi cc gi tr lin tc t 0 ti gi tr ln nht ca n. Cc thng s n nh c da vo thnh phn tch phn ca bin i cng sut tc dng. Tn hiu cng sut u vo c lc thch hp khng sinh ra gi tr b in p c nh. B AVR c trang b b iu khin np ng dy v mch b dng t my phn b ti gia cc my pht.

Tnh nng ca cc b iu khin s: - Chip vi x l trung tm (CPU) l loi 32bit v c kh nng m rng vi nhiu b vi x l. - Hai cng ni tip theo chun RS 232C vi tc giao tip l 9600 baud, phn mm c kh nng ghi li trnh t khi ng my v mi s kin pht sinh trong ch vn hnh bnh thng. - C hai cng song song theo tiu chun, mt trong hai cng c s dng bo dng, kim tra phn mm. - B nh ch c c kh nng np chng trnh (EPROM) c cung cp vn hnh h thng v thi hnh cc chng trnh iu khin. N c thit k sao cho b iu khin c th phc hi t ng sau s c bn trong CPU m khng i hi ci li chng trnh t cc a lu tr. H thng c chuyn sang ch vn hnh bng tay trong khi b iu khin s ang phc hi trng thi iu khin bnh thng. Tt c cc bin s chn la cho vn hnh v bin s thi gian vn hnh i hi chip vi x l khi ng li s c lu tr trn EPROM. Trang thit b cng bao gm cc phn tr gip nh dng cu hnh, tr gip chnh nh tham s v tr gip v t chun on, cnh bo. Cc bin s chnh ca qu trnh dng tng t c bin i vi tn s ly mu t nht l 12 bit. B iu chnh in p c t trong t v kim loi vi cp bo v IP43 hoc cao hn. B iu chnh in p bng tay B iu chnh in p bng tay c kh nng iu chnh gc m thyristor bng mt mch c lp. ch bo s khc nhau gia iu khin bng tay v iu khin t ng, s trang b mt mch cn bng. Trong trng hp b iu chnh t ng gp s c th iu chnh bng tay phi sn sng t my tip tc vn hnh. Mt mch chuyn tip phi c cung cp cho php chuyn t ch t ng sang ch bng tay m khng c s thay i no cho b kch t. Cc thit b phc v iu khin bng tay c cung cp cho mi h thng kch t my pht. Trang thit b chuyn mch c cung cp cho h thng kch t ti cc t iu khin t my ti ch v ti phng iu khin c th chn la ch vn hnh ca h thng kch t l t ng iu chnh in p (AVR) hoc diu chnh bng tay.

Mt b iu khin chuyn tip phi c cung cp chuyn tip iu khin kch t t ch AVR sang ch iu chnh bng tay trong trng hp mt tn hiu t mt vi thit b o p hoc ngun vn hnh DC, AC ca h thng AVR. B pht hin di p xoay chiu s phn bit c gia s c ca mch p th cp v s st p ca mch s cp gy ra bi cc s c ngn mch. Trang thit b iu khin bng tay c thit k lin tc v t ng t ti cc v tr tng ng vi cc gi tr m b AVR t c sao cho khng c s thay i v dng kch t no xy ra khi chuyn t ch AVR sang iu khin bng tay hoc do chn ch vn hnh hoc do b iu khin chuyn tip tc ng. (Bi vit sau: Kt ni h thng kch t vi h thng gim st SCADA)