S khc nhau gia VXL v VK

S khc nhau gia VXL v VK c xt trn 3 kha cnh:

Cu trc phn cng ng dng Cc c trng ca tp lnh

Cu trc phn cng:

B vi x l chnh l khi x l trung tm CPU, n ch l mt thnh phn trong h vi x l. N cn kt hp vi cc thnh phn khc ca h thng thc thi cng vic. B vi iu khin l mt vi mch n cha bn trong y cc thnh phn: CPU, ROM, RAM, mch phi ghp vo/ra, b m/nh thi, mch iu khin v u tin ngtHay VK l mt h vi x l hon chnh, mt my tnh one-chip Quy m ca cc thnh phn phn cng trong VK thng nh hn so vi mt h VXL thng thng.

ng dng :

B vi x l: dng lm CPU trong cc h thng x l d liu vi khi lng ln, a nng, tc cao. B vi iu khin: dng trong cc thit k nh, t thnh phn, tiu tn t cng sut, hng iu khin. Cc c trng ca tp lnh : B vi x l: tp lnh hot ng trn cc n v d liu kiu byte hoc cc n v d liu ln hn (chui, vector, SIMD..). Cc lnh a dng, linh hot, kch thc khng c nh. B vi iu khin: tp lnh cung cp cc iu khin xut nhp, x l hng bit. Cc lnh thng c ng, c kch thc khng i (hoc thay i t). u im: c thc hin vi t thnh phn hn so vi cc thit k trc (nh dng rle, vi mch s, PLD, ASIC, vi x l...).

Thi gian pht trin ngn hn, gi thnh khi sn xut thp hn, cng sut tiu th thp hn, tin cy cao hn, d dng thay i thit k nh phn mm ( linh hot cao). Nhc im: Tc p ng cc s kin chm hn so vi cc thit k da trn cc thnh phn ri rc (IC s).

Cu trc v hot ng ca h VXL

Cc khi chc nng chnh ca mt h VXL bao gm: + Khi x l trung tm (CPU: Central Processing Unit) + B nh bn dn (M: Memory). + Khi phi ghp vi cc thit b ngoi vi (I/O: Input/Output). + Cc bus truyn thng tin. B x l trung tm (Central Processing Unit - CPU):

 B x l trung tm (Central Processing Unit - CPU):

Chc nng:

c lnh t b nh Gii m v thc hin lnh

CPU bao gm:

B iu khin (Control Unit - CU) B tnh ton s hc v logic (Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU) Cc thanh ghi (Registers)

B nh trong (Internal Memory):

Chc nng: lu tr lnh (instruction) v d liu (data) cho CPU x l;

B nh trong bao gm:

ROM (Read Only Memory): Lu tr lnh v d liu ca h thng Thng tin trong ROM vn tn ti khi mt ngun nui

RAM (Random Access Memory): Lu tr lnh v d liu ca h thng v ngi dng Thng tin trong RAM s mt khi mt ngun nui

Cc thit b vo ra (Peripheral devices):

Thit b vo (Input devices): nhp d liu v iu khin

Bn phm (Keyboard) Chut (Mouse) a (Disk drives) My qut (Scanner)

Cc thit b ra (Output devices): kt xut d liu

Mn hnh (Monitor/screen) My in (Printer) a (Disk drives) Cc thit b vo ra - a cng (HDD)

Bus h thng (system bus):

Bus h thng l mt tp cc ng dy kt ni CPU vi cc thnh phn khc ca my

tnh Bus h thng thng gm: Bus a ch (Address bus) Bus A Bus d liu (Data bus) Bus D

Bus iu khin (Control bus) - Bus C Data bus Bus d liu

Truyn d liu Kch thc: 8, 16, 32, 64 bit hiu sut

Address bus Bus a ch

Xc nh thit b cn trao i d liu Kch thc:16, 20, 24, 32, 36bit kh nng qun l b nh

Control bus Bus iu khin Tn hiu clock c, ghi b nh v thit b I/O Ngt, DMA, trng thi