LI NI U

Bi ging thc hnh in t c bn c vit chung cho hc sinh trung hc chuyn nghip v sinh vin i hc. Tuy l chung nhng khi ln lp gio vin thc hin theo chng trnh ging dy trung hc hay i hc cho ph hp. Phn thc hnh gip ngi c hiu c th hn v linh kin v mch in t ng dng hc phn l thuyt. Ngi hc tp bng cch chnh mnh lp rp, thi cng cc mch, iu ny gip vic hc tch cc. Nhm to bc i vng chc sau ny tip cn cng vic thc t hiu qu hn. Tng cng c 15 bi thc hnh, bao trm cc vn chnh trong vic ng dng cc linh kin in t. Tng s tit 120 tit. 1. Sinh vin i hc khoa in-in t th hnh t bi 1 n bi 15 (120 tit) 2. Sinh vin i hc khoa khoa hc ng dng thc hnh kt hp bi 1,2,3,4,5 v 6 (15 tit) 3. Hc sinh THCN & NGH chuyn ngnh thc hnh t bi 1 -> 8 v bi 10 -> 13 (90 tit) 4. Hc sinh THCN & NGH in, in lnh thc hnh t bi 1 -> 7 (60 tit) Vic bin son bi ging ny c s tham gia ng gp kin ca tp th gio vin trong phng v khoa qua nhiu nm hng dn cho sinh vin. Mc d rt c gng trong cng tc bin son xong khng th trnh khi sai st. Rt mong c s ng gp ca qu thy c v bn c cht lng ti liu hng dn ngy cng nng cao. Xin chn thnh cm n v nhng kin ca cc ng nghip v mc ch nng cao k nng thc hnh cho sinh vin. Mi kin ng gp xin gi v ngnh in t - vin thng phng THCN & DN. Trng i hc Tn c Thng hay khanhan9174@yahoo.com Ch Bin

Bi 1: NI QUY XNG GII THIU DNG C NGH TH TP IN T S DNG THIT B O VOM, MY PHT AF, OSC
Thi lng 6 tit I./ MC CH YU CU: Sinh vin nm vng tc phong cng nghip ,an ton in. Bit s dng v bo qun mt s dng c v ngh c bn. S dng c cc thit b o. II./ NI DUNG: 1./ Ni quy xng thc tp: - Sinh vin vo xng thc tp phi tuyt i tun theo ng cc quy lut sau: 1./ n mc gn gng (ng phc), ng tc phong cng nghip. 2./ Vo v ra xng ng gi quy nh. 3./ Trong qu trnh thc tp trong xng phi trt t ngn np, v sinh cng nghip, an ton lao ng 4./ thit b v dng c ng ni quy nh. 5./ S dng thit b ng mc ch. 6./ Tuyt i khng c ng cu dao in khi cha c s cho php ca gio vin hng dn. - Sinh vin s nghin cu v th hin cc thao tc ngh nghip ca ngi cng nhn in t lao ng c k thut,k lut v nng sut cao. - Sinh vin c hc cch phn tch ngh khi tr thnh k s, c trnh truyn t nhng tng trong thit k cho cng nhn thc hin chun xc. 2./ Gii thiu mt s dng c, ngh thc tp in t: 1./ M hn in: - Gii thiu cc loi m hn in hin c trn th trng. - Loi ang s dng ti xng. 2./ Gi gc m hn. 3./ Ch hn v nha thng: Cc loi ch hn hin nay. Nha thng. 4./ Cc loi km. Km ct. Km m nhn. Km tut dy. 5./ Dao, ko v giy nhm. 6./ My khoan,my mi. 7./ Nhp, knh lp. 8./ ng ht ch. 9./ Cc loi turnervit. B turnervit nh 6 ci. Turnerbit bake Turnervit dp 3./ Thit b o in t: Bn thit b c bn dng trong o lng in t l ng h o VOM kim (Volt-Ohm-Meter) ng h o VOM s DMM (Digital-Multi-meter) Dao ng k (Oscilloscope) My to tn hiu (Signal Gennerator) Gio vin hng dn lc li ly thuyt v cch s dng c th mi loi thit b Trong php o ta c 2 cch o ngui v o nng:

- o ngui: ch yu l o in tr (o Ohm) khi linh kin hoc mch khng c in. V nguyn tc phi tc ngun cp in cho mch khong thi gian hoc x in linh kin c o trc khi o. Nu khng s h VOM v kt qu o s v ngha. - o nng: l o khi mch ang c in d nhin khng phi o Ohm m o in p mt chiu (VDC), in p xoai chiu (VAC) v dong mt chiu (ADC). a./ S dng VOM kim: * o in tr (o ngui) - Trc khi o in tr ta chp 2 que o iu chnh kim v v tri 0 Ohm - Khi o khng c tay chm vo 2 u que o - Cch c tr s: chiu c gi tr in tr ngc vi chiu c ca gi tr in p v dng in. - c vch c trn cng R=gi tr vch o x gi tr thang o * o VDC, VAC, v ADC (o nng) - o nng l o khi mch ang c in. Mt s iu cn lu khi o nng: - t thang o VOM ng chc nng mun o (VDC, VAC hay ADC). - on chng ni mun o c bin ln nht l bao nhiu, t o t thang o cao gn nht, v d on on in p ti a l 12V v VOM c thang o VDC 2.5V, 25V, 250V, th chn thang o 25VDC. Trong trng hp kh on c bin cao nht kh d, chn thang o cao nht ri trn thc t o c h thang o xung mt cch ph hp. - Khi o ADC v VDC phi ch n cc tnh,u +V ca VOM bao gi cng ni n in p cao hn. u +A phi ni n ni c dng in vo VOM. - Hai que o phi chm ng v vi p lc va phi (khng mnh qu) vo 2 ni cn tip xc, c bit khng chm lan qua cc ni khc (v d chm 2 chn ca IC). Khi o dng in cc mi ni phi chc chn. Thng ta o in p cc ni trong mch so vi t (ground, masse), trong trng hp ny nn kp que en vo t ca mch o. - Lu : nhy ca VOM v d 10k/VDC th iu ny c ngha l c thang o 1VDC, tr - khng ng vo ca VOM l 10k, thang o 10VDC l 100k,vv VOM c in tr ni/VDC cng ln o in p cng chnh xc. * Cch c v o tr s in p v dng in + in p: Mc ng h nh hnh v V cn o =VAB =VR2 Cch c tr s: Gi tr thang o Gi tr cn o = -------------------- x gi tr kim ch Gi tr vch c V d: chn thang o 0.5V, c theo gi tr 50, gi tr kim ch l 3.7 Gi tr cn o = (0.5 / 50) X 3.7 = 0.37V + Dng in: - Mc ng h nh hnh v A = I = I1 + I2 = A1 + A2 - Cch c ging nh gi tr in p b./ VOM s, Oscilloscope v my pht tn hiu Ty theo mi bi thc hnh gio vin hng dn cho sinh vin s dng cc thit b trn. III./ PHN THC HNH: Chun b linh kin Cc loi in tr B ngun thc tp

Tin trnh thc hin - Dng VOM o gi tr cc in tr c cung cp - Dng VOM o gi tr in p DC v AC ca b ngun thc tp, s dng cc thang v di o khc nhau. o in p mt chiu Mc mch nh hnh v 3a. o in p ngun v in p ngang qua cc in tr V= ;VR1= ;VR2 ;VR3 ;VR1+VR2+VR3=

o dng in mt chiu Mc mch nh hnh 3b. Dng VOM chc nng o dng o dng in I0= ;I1= ;I2= ;I3= ;I1+I2+I3= Nhn xt: Bo co thc tp V s mch cn o Ghi li cc kt qu o c

Bi 2:NHN DNG O TH V KIM TRA CC LINH KIN IN T C BN

Thi lng 12 tit I./ MC CH YU CU 1./ Nhn dng cc loi linh kin in t 2./ o th, kim tra v cc h hng thng gp 3./ Cc thng s cn quan tm khi s dng II./ C S L THUYT 1./ in tr a./ K hiu v nhn dng - K hiu: - Nhn dng: in tr thang c nhn dng bng cc vch mu tiu chun, ng thi ln v kch thc t l vi cng sut tiu th nhit ca n trong qu trnh lm vic. - Cc loi in tr: in tr thang, in tr gm s, in tr mng kim loi, in tr dy qun, in tr cng sut. 5W 022 J

+ + +

b./ Bin tr: (chit p) K hiu: Cc loi in tr: Bin tr chnh tinh (bin tr nh) Bin tr volume Bin tr trt ngang c./ Cch c tr s theo vng mu Bng quy c mu Vng mu en Nu Cam Vng Xanh l Xanh dng Tm Xm Trng Vng kim Bc kim Tr s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -1 -2 Sai s 1% 2%

5% 10%

Tr s in tr V d: V1 Nu Vng Tr s in tr

in tr 4 vng mu R = V1V2x10V3 %V4 (n v: ) V2 V3 V4 c en Nu Bc 100 10% Tm Cam Vng kim 47000 5% in tr 5 vng mu R =V1V2V3x10V5V5 (n v: )

V d:

V1 Nu

V2 en

V3 Cam

V4 en

Ch ci ch bi s R= x1 K= x1000 M= x1000000 Ch ci ch dung sai F = 1% J = 5% G = 2% K = 10% H = 2,5% M = 20% d./ Cch ghp in tr Ghp ni tip Rt = R1 + R2 +-------+Rn

V5 c Bc 10310% Cch c tr s bng cc ch ci

Ghp song song

1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + -------+1/Rn

e./ 2./ K hiu -

H hng thng gp ca in tr T in T khng phn cc T phn cc T ha: thng l t phn cc c in dung ln

Nhn dng cch c tr s t 1F n 100.000F C = 100F in p chi ng 25V

t 1pF n 1F

T gm: thng l t khng phn cc c tr s

Dng a C=0.1uF Sai s 10%

Dng phin C=10.103 pF sai s 5%

Dng ng C=200nF Sai s 5%

thc nh, in p chi ng thp

T tang tan: t c in dung ln nhng kch

T Blistiren

Cch ghp t in - Ghp song song Ct = C1 + C2 + -----+Cn

- Ghp ni tip 1/Ct = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + -----+ 1/Cn

3./ Bin th B bin th cn bn gm 2 dy qun trn li st. Cun a in p AC vo l cun s cp, cun ly in p AC ra dng gi l cun th cp (bin th ch s dng vi in p AC). in th AC ra cu th cp ty thuc vo t s k cun th cp i vi cun s cp:

Nu k > 1 bin th tng th (vo thp ra cao) k < 1 bin th gim th (vo cao ra thp) Bin th thng dng: loi bin th thng gp hin nay nht l bin th ngun c nhiu kch c khc nhau cho ra cc in th thng dng nh 3V, 6V, 9V, 12V, .......

Ngoi ra cn ty theo cng dng m ta c bin th m, bin th o pha v bin th xung. 4./ Diode K hiu: Cch nhn dng: Cch o:

5./ Transistor Hc vin xem l thuyt v cc loi transistor (BJT, FET, UJT) : Cu to, c tnh, phn cc, khuch i...vv... Trong khi thc hnh GVHD nhc li mt s vn l thuyt cn thit nh: a. Xc nh chn B: o th transistor ta dng VOM t thang o in tr (Rx10 hay Rx100). t que o ca VOM vo hai chn bt k ca transistor v tin hnh o hai ln thun nghch. Nu c hai ln kim ng h u ch in tr ln v cng (kim ng h khng chy ln) th chn cn li chnh l chn B (hnh ). Lu ng h ch khng ln vi transistor cn tt. b. Cch nhn dng loi transistor: Kp que o ni vi cc dng ca kim ng h (que en i vi ng h ch th bng kim) c nh chn B, sau dng que o cn li chm ln 2 chn kia ca transistor: Nu trong c hai ln o kim ng h u ln th transistor l loi NPN. Nu trong c hia lng o kim ng h u khng ln th transistor l loi PNP. c.Xc nh chn E v C: i vi transistor loi NPN Kp 2 que o ca VOM vo 2 chn E v C ( xc nh trn). Sau dng ngn tay t chm vo gia chn B v chn ang ni vi cc dng ca pin ng h: Nu kim ng h khng ln hoc ln rt t tc l ta ang o sai, o u 2 que o v tin hnh o li. Nu kim ng h ln th chn ang ni vi cc dng ca pin ng h l chn C v chn cn li l chn E. i vi transistor loi PNP Kp 2 que o ca VOM vo 2 chn E v C ( xc nh trn). Sau dng ngn tay t chm vo gia chn B v chn ang ni vi cc m ca pin ng h: Nu kim ng h khng ln hoc ln rt t tc l ta ang o sai, o u 2 que o v tin hnh o li. Nu kim ng h ln th chn ang ni vi cc m ca pin ng h l chn C v chn cn li l chn E. Transistor c the h hng bi cacsc trng hp: * o thun chiu t B sang E hoc t B sang C => kim khng ln l transistor t BE hoc t BC * o t B sang E hoc t B sang C kim ln c hai chiu l chp hay d BE hoc BC. * o gia C v E kim ln l b chp CE. III./ PHN THC HNH: 1./ Chun b linh kin Cc lai in tr, bin tr, cun dy, bin th, cng tc, loa r le ... Cc loi t in. Diode 1N4007, 1N4148, zener, led. Transistor C1815, A1015, C1061, 2N3055, MJ2955. Cc linh kin in t khc. 2./ Tin trnh thc hin c gi tr v nhn din cc loi in tr. Dng VOM kim nh li. c gi tr v nhn dng cc loi t in. ng VOM o in tr r ca t v t thay i c (varible capacitor). Dung VOM o in tr cc linh kin c cung cp nh bin tr, cun dy, bin p, cng tc, loa, rowle. Xc nh h hng. Nhn dng v xc nh chn cc loi diode. Dung VOM o in tr thun v nghch, cc diode, led, zener. Nhn dng v xc nh chn cc loi transistor. Dng VOM o in tr cc mi ni transistor, BJT, FET, v UJT.

3./

Bo co thc tp Ghi li kt qu 10 loi in tr c c theo vng mu v gi tr o c tng ng. Ghi li kt qu c c cc loi t in. Nu phng php xc nh chn ant v katt ca cc la diode. Nu phng php xc nh chn BJT, FET, UJT.

Bi 3: K THUT HN
Thi lng tit 6 tit I. MC CH YU CU: Nm c phng php hn v s dng m hn. Thc hnh cc mi hn c bn ng thao tc k thut. Thc hin cc mi hn t yu cu v k thut v m thut! II. C S L THUYT: 1./ Cch s dng m hn. Kim tra u m hn, nu lng bt vt li, kim tra dy cp in cho m hn. Dng giy nhm nhuyn lm sch m hn. Nu cha s dng ngay th phi ngt m hn ln gi gc m hn. i vi m hn thng trnh lm ri hay va chm mnh, c th lm v s cch in hoc lm c dy in tr nhit lm m hn h. i vi m hn sng, khng c n nt lin tc qu lu, bin p qu nhit chy bin p hay t thng tn bin p rt mnh s gay tc hi xu n cc linh kin bn dn. 2./ Quy trnh thc hin mt mi hn ni Mt mi hn ni t yu cu k thut nu n tip xc tt v in, bn chc v c, nh gn v kch thc v trn ln v hnh thc. Quy trnh thc hin nh sau: Bc 1: X l sch ti im cn hn ni, dng dao hay giy nhm co sch lp oxy ha b mc to 2 im cn hn ni. Bc 2: Xi ch dng m hn gia nhit ti im va x l, ri trnh ph 1 lp ch mng. Lu nu bc 1 lm khng tt th xi ch s khng dnh. Bc 3: Hn ni t 2 im cn hn ni tip xc vi nhau. n u m hn st c 2 vt cn hn gia nhit ri a ch vo im cn hn. Dy ch hn chy lng v bao ph kn im hn, ly m hn v dy ch hn theo 2 hng khc nhau. 3./ Hn ni dy dn c 3 phng php Hn u u dn hay hn ghp nh: mi hn kh thc hin v c bn c km. Hn ghp 2 dy song song: khong cch giao nhau ngn nht nn chn 5mm khi khong cch qu di dy ni d b vng cong kh xp song song. Hn ghp t vung gc: y la phng php c bn c chc nht thng c s dng trong thc t.

Hn ghp nh

Hn ghp song song

Hn ghp vung gc

a./

4./ K thut tho rp linh kin t mch in K thut tho mi hn B 1. Xc nh i tng tho g: linh kin, dy, jack B 2. Xc nh v tr. B 3. Xc nh yu cu k thut: nhit ti a cho php, yu cu tn nhit, Lu phi bo tn mch in.

b./

B 4. Lu chn m hn. B 5. Ty ra v tn nhit cho linh kin cn tho g. B 6. Ht sch ch mi hn. B 7. Tho linh kin ra khi mch in. B 8. Kim tra lai phn mch ng ti ch hn. K thut hn kinh kin B 1. Xc nh i tng hn. B 2. Xc inh v tr hn. B 3. Xc nh yu cu k thut khi hn. Lu i vi linh kin CMOS. B 4. La chn m hn. B 5. V sinh v xi ch ln ch cn hn. B 6. C nh mi hn. B 7. Thc hin thao tc hn. B 8. Lm ngui mi hn. B 9. Kim tra mi hn: bng, chc, cham dnh c hc, kch thc mi hn, o mch vi cc v tr xung quanh III. PHN THC HNH (SV ch thc hin tho rp v hn linh kin trn mch in) 1./ Chun b thit b. M hn v gi gc m hn. Ch hn v nha thng. Board mch in c s. Giy nhm, nhp, dao, ht ch. 2./ Tin trnh thc hin. Sinh vin tin hnh trnh t cc bc tho linh kin ra khi board mch in c cp. Sinh vin tin hnh trnh t cc bc hn li cc linh kin g vo li mch in. Lu hn ng cc chn linh kin nh ban u. Sinh vin c th thc hin nhiu ln nhm nhng cao k thut v m thut ca tng mi hn. 3./ Bo co thc tp. Gio vin nhn xt v nh gi thao tc, k thut v m thut ca tng mi hn. Sn phm thi cng ng s . Mi hn phi: chc chn, bng lng, t hao ch. Dy ni v linh kin b thng vung gc cnh.

Bi 4:

PHC HI S MCH IN T
Thi lng 6 tit

1./ 2./

I./ MC CH YU CU: Thc hin trong iu kin khng c s mch ca mt board mch c nhng linh kin trn . Da vo board mch vi cc ng mch c sn, v tr lin kt gia cc phn t trong mach v li s nguyn l. Rn luyn k nng quan st cc board mch in c sn tim hiu v v li s nguyn l trong mt s trng hp cn thit. II./ C S L THUYT: Phng php thc hin c th tin hnh theo cc bc sau. Bc 1: Sinh vin nhn mt board mch thc t gm nhiu linh kin c sn. Bc 2: Da theo ng mch trn mch in, v cc ng mch in ni linh kin trn board, phn nh trung thc v y trn giy. Cn c bc 2, v s theo nguyn tc ngang dc d nhn dng mch l mch g? III./ PHN THC HNH: Chun b vt t, linh kin. Board mch in 1 lp hon chnh cho mi sinh vin (Ly cc board mch c ca cc lp thc hnh kha trc) Tin trnh thc hin Bi 1: V s nguyn l t s mch in 1 lp c th m sinh vin nhn c. Bi 2: V s nguyn l t s d mch in 2 lp c s b tr chn linh kin, mt sau v mt trc ca board mch nh sau:

Hnh 4.1 :S b tr linh kin trn board

Hnh 4.2 : S ng mch in ( mt trc ) ca board

Hnh 4.3 : S ng mch in (mt sau) ca board 3./ Bo co thc tp V ng s nguyn l vi cc linh kin b tr hp l, d nhn Trnh by nguyn l hot ng v cho bit phm vi ng dng ca mch

Bi 5: S DNG PROJECT BOARD LP RP CC MCH CHNH LU

Thi lng 60 tit I. MC CH YU CU: Vic th mch theo mt s cn phi kt ni linh kin li vi nhau. Project board l mt trong nhng phng tin kt ni nhanh v thun li nht. L cng c h tr thng s dng khi c nhu cu kim tra hot ng, nguyn l hot ng ca mt linh kin hay mch in n gin no . II. C S L THUYT: Cu to project board

1./ -

Project board l dng cm nhiu l, dng cm cc linh kin nh IC, transistor, dy ni v cc linh kin th ng khc to thnh cc mach in t th nghim hay kim tra cc t tnh no . Project c cu to dang tm phng, c bng nha. Cc l cm l cc l ng m bc, c cu trc dng nhp dng kp chn linh kin khi cm vo l. Project board c chia thanh 3 phn: 2 thanh nh 2 bn v 2 thanh ln gia. Hai thanh nh 2 u thng cp ngun hoc to thnh mt nt giao ca nhi nhnh trong mch. Hai thanh ln gia thng cm linh kin v dy. Khong cch gia 2 l lin tip la 0,1 inch (=2,54 mm) tng ng khong cch gia chn lin tip ca IC. Khong cch gia 2 tm gi l 0,3 inch tng ng khong cch gia 2 hng chn IC loi DIP300. Ch : khng nn cm nhng linh kin hay dy dn qu ln hn kch thc ca l. III. PHN THC HNH LP RP CC MCH CHNH LU: Chun b dng c linh kin B ngun thc tp, project board, dy cm 7 mu, kim ct, VOM Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi Linh kin S lng Ghi ch Diode 1N4007 4 T 1000uf/16V 2 in tr 100 3 led 1 Tin trnh thc hin bo co thc tp Kim tra o th cc loi diode, led, t, v cc h hng thng gp. 2.1./ Mch chnh lu bn k v lc RC

2./

T 3

Mc mch nh hnh 1a nhng cha c t C

D 1 T 3 D 1

5 6 V A C 8

I O

E C 1 1 R 0 0

2 2 0 V A C 4

5 2 2 0 V A C 6 V A C 8

I O

E C 1 1 R 0 0

0 u F 1 6 V

0 u

F 1 6 V

Hnh a

Hnh b

a .o o in p VAC (tr hiu dng) vo. Suy ra VACP (gi tr nh). b. Mc t C v lp li cc bc trn. - Gim in tr ti xung cn 50 v lp li cc b nh trn. - Mc mch nh hnh 1b cc in p VAC, VACP v VDC. Chiu ca diode quyt nh cc tnh in p ra. - Nhn xt cc gi tr o c v so vi cng thc cng thc tnh. 2.2./ Mch chnh lu ton k v lc RC Mc mch nh hnh 3a khi cha c t C.
D T 3 D 5 96 V A C 8 C 1 0 0 0 u F 1 6 V D D 3 I O D E 1 1 R 0 0 1 I O D E
T 3

5 6 V A C 8 + C 1 1 0 0 1 6 V R 1 0

2 2 0 V A C 4

2 2 0 V A C 4

Mc mch nh hnh 3a khi cha c t. Ghi li cc kt qu. Mc mch nh hnh 3b thc hin li cc bc nh trn. Nhn xt gia gi tr o c v cng thc tnh. 2.3./ Ngun lng cc i xng C nhiu cch to ra ngun lng cc i xng nh 5, 9, 12, m hnh v la mt cch. Mc mch nh hnh v o in VAC vo, +VDC ra v -VDC ra:
1 T 3 5 9 8 2 2 0 V A C 4 6 V A C 6 V A C + C 1 1 0 0 1 6 V 0 u F R 1 0 0 + V D C

C 2 0 0 u F R 1 0 0 - V D C 1 0 1 6 V

Gii thch hot ng ca mch. Nhn xt cc gi tr o c v cch tnh theo cng thc. 2.4./ Mch nhn i in p ton k o bin th ch c th cung cp mt in p ra no chng hn nh 6VDC sau khi chnh v lc, nhng nhu cu phi cung cp in p ra gp i 12VDC hay gp ba 18VDC. Th ta c mch sau. Mc mch nh hnh v.
1 T 3 5 6 V A C 8 D D 1 I O D E

C 1 1 0 R 1 0 0 0 u F 1 6 V 1 0 0 R C 3 0 R 1 K t a i

2 2 0 V A C 4

1 0 0 0 u F

1 6 V

C 2 1 0 0 0 u F D 2 1 6 V

I O

khi c ti. 2.5./ Mch nhn i in p bn k - Rp mch nh hnh v

C 1 D 2

o in VAC, Vc1, Vc2 v VDC khi cha c ti v Gii thch hot ng ca mch. Nhn xt cc gi tr o c.

T 3

5 6 V A C 8 D 1 6 V 1 1 0 0 0 u F C 1 0 0 2 0 u F L E D R 1 K

2 2 0 V A C 4

khi c ti. 2.6./ Mch nhn 3, 4, hay N ln in p

o in VAC, Vc1, Vc2 v VDC khi cha c ti v Gii thch hot ng ca mch. Nhn xt cc gi tr o c.

Gii thiu thm cc loi mch lc b ngun nh lc hnh , lc dng linh kin tch cc khi ti cng sut ln.

Bi 6:

THIT K MCH IN THC HNH MCH NGUN N P

Thi lng 12 tit

I./ MC CH YU: Gip hc vin nm c cc quy tc trong quy trnh thit k mch in v ngm ra mch in. Thit k sao cho b tr linh kin hp l, cc ng mch in thng mnh, cc ng mch in giao nhau phi vung gc nhau. Gip hc vin nm bt c cc u khuyt im ca sn phm lm ra. Trc mt bi hc phc v cho n tt nghip khc nhau ca tng sinh vin. Tm hiu v thi cng ngun n p iu chnh c. II./ CU C S L THUYT: 1./ Thit k s mch in trn giy t s nguyn l n gin ha s nu cn. Cc linh kin phi c ch hn chn linh kin ring, khng hn 2 chn linh kin vo 1 l mch in. ng mch in c th i vo gia 2 chn linh kin nhng 2 linh kin khng c nm chng cho ln nhau. Cc ng mch in trn s nguyn l giao nhau nhng khng tip xc nhau th trn s mch in phi thit k sao cho chng khng giao nhau. 2./ Phng php thc hin mch in Sau khi v hon chnh s mch in trn giy, chng ta bc sang giai on thc hin mch in. Thc hin theo cc bc sau: Bc 1: Dng giy nhm nhuyn nh sch lp oxit ha ang bm trn tm mch in (pha c trng lp ng) tr khi v ng mch. Ct giy c hnh cc ng mch, chp ln tm mch in (cha ty lp ng). Dng mi nhn nh du cc im nt hay im chn linh kin trn mch in (pha c trng lp ng). Bc 2: Dng bt lng c dung mi acetone v ni cc ng mch trn mch ng (da vo cc in va nh v v s v trn giy). Sau khi v bng bt lng acetone y cc ng mch trn mch ng ca mch in, ta quan st xem c vih tr no v khng lin nt, m ca cc ng phi u nhau ng thi khng b xt cc ng mch no c. Trong trng hp cn thit phi ch mc kh v li ln na. Bc 3: Ch cc ng mch kh ri mi nhng vo thuc ty. Ha cht ty s n mn lp ng ti v tr khng bm mc. Bc 4: Sau khi ty xong cc phn ng khng cn thit nn ngm mch in vo trong nc l dng giy nhm nhuyn ch sch cc ng mc v. Cng vic chm dt khi cc ng mch bng v sng. Dng mi khoang c ng knh 0,8 n 1mm khoan cc l ghim linh kin. Trong mt s trng hp dng my bm l thay v khoan. Bc 5: Sau khi khoan cn nh s li mch in dng giy nhm nhuyn. Lm sch lp oxit ha ln cui ri mi nhng tm mch in vo nha thng pha vi xng v du la. Khi nhng xong phi kh lp sn ph ri hn linh kin ln mch. III./ PHN THC HNH MCH NGUN N P IU CHNH C: 1./ Chun b dng c, linh kin Thuc ngm mch in, dao ct, giy nhm, bt lng du, ch hn, nha thng, mi khoang v thc k v bn ra mch. B ngun thc tp. Tm mch in kch thc 4cmx6cm cho mi hc vin. Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi. Linh kin S lng Ghi ch

Diode 1N4007 T 1000uF Zenner 3V2 Transistor C1061, C1815 Bin tr 10k in tr 1k, 4k7 in tr 470 Led 2./ Tin trnh thc hin dung transistor v diode zener
6 V A C
1 T 5 5 4 8 +

4 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 Cho mch n p ngun n iu chnh c nh hnh v: Q 1 C 1 0 6 1

2 2 0 V A C

V o u t
R 1 R 4 1 C 1 0 0 1 0 u F 4 K 7 Z 3 V E 6 N E R L R 4 4 7 0 E D K Q 2 8 1 5 R 1 V 0 K C 1 7 3 0 R 4 6 7 0

0 V

Thit k mch in t s nguyn l nh hnh v trn. Lm mch in t s mch in va thit k. Xi ch v lp rp linh kin vo mch. Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca mch. Dng VOM o in p ng ra ca mch. Chnh bin tr RV kim tra s thay i in p ng ra. Cn chnh v sa cha mch nu khong hot ng. 3./ Bo co thc tp V s nguyn l mch n p. V s mch in v s b tr chn linh kin. Gii thch nguyn l hot ng ca mch. So snh gia kt qu tnh ton v kt qu thc t o c. Nu nhng nguyn nhn nh hng n cht lng n p ca mch.

Bi 7:

MCH N P NGUN I DNG IC TUYN TNH

Thi lng 60 tit

I. MC CH YU CU: Kho st cc thng s ca mch. Nhim v v hot ng ca cc linh kin trong mch. Kh nng ng dng ca mch. II. C S L THUYT: Hnh dng v s chn h IC 78xx v 79xx. Nguyn tc hot ng ca mch. Bin php nng cao p v dng ti ng ra. III. PHN THC HNH: 1./ Chun b dng c, linh kin - Thuc ngm mch in, dao ct, giy nhm, nt lng du, ch hn, nha thng, mi khoan, thc k v bn ra mch. B ngun thc tp, dao ng k. - Tm mch in kch thc 3cm x 6cm cho mi sinh hc vin. - Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi. Linh kin S lng Ghi ch IC 7805 v 7905 1 Diode 1N4007 4 Led 2 in tr 100 2 T 1000uF, 103 2 2./ Tin trnh thc hin - Cho mch nh hnh v:
6 V A C
D 1 1 U A I N O GND 7 U 8 3 0 T 1 C 1 0 5 3 L E D 0 0 5 V C C T 5

2 2 0 V A C

5 + 1 0 C 0 1 0 u F 1 C 0 3 3

C C 1 0 0 2 0 u F 1 0

4 3 2

C 1 0

6 3

L 1 GND I N O U A 7 U 8 3 0 T 5

D V C C

Thit k mch in t s nguyn l nh hnh v trn. Lm mch in t s mch in va thit k. Dng VOM kim tra cc linh kin. Xi ch va lp rp linh kin vo mch. Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca mch. Dng VOM o in p ng ra ca mch, o in p ng vo chn IC. Cn chnh v sa cha mch nu mch khng hot ng.

3./

Bo co thc tp - V s nguyn l mch. - V s mch in v b tr chn linh kin. - Nhim v ca cc linh kin trong mch v nguyn l hot ng mch. - o in p vo v ra trn 7805 v 7905. Khi p vo thay i thi p ra bng bao nhiu? - Nu cch thc tng p, v dng ti ng ra (v mch).

Bi 7: MCH DAO NG KHNG TRNG THI BN DNG TRANSISTOR

Thi lng 60 tit I. MC CH YU CU: Kho st cc thng s ca mch dao ng lm vic ch dn hoc ngt. Nhim v v hot ng ca cc linh kin trong mch. Kh nng ng dng ca mch. II. C S L THUYT: Ch lm vic ca transistor. Nguyn tc hot ng ca mch. Xc nh tn s dao ng ng ra. III. PHN THC HNH: 1. Chun b dng c, linh kin - Thuc ngm mch in, dao ct, giy nhm, nt lng du, ch hn, nha thng, mi khoan, thc k v bn ra mch. B ngun thc tp, dao ng k. - Tm mch in kch thc 4cm x 5cm cho mi sinh hc vin. - Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi. Linh kin S lng Ghi ch Transistor C1815 2 in tr 1k,22k,470 2 Led 2 T 10uF 2 2. Tin trnh thc hin - Cho mch nh hnh v:
D 1 6 V A 5 C 4 0 V 8 D I O D E B R I D + R c 1 K G E C 1 R b 2 2 2 K 1 1 0 u F 1 R b 1 2 2 K C 2 R c 1 K 2 2

T 1 C 1 8 1 5

0 u F T 2 C 1 8 1 5

4 7 0

4 7 0

Thit k mch in t s nguyn l nh hnh v trn. Lm mch in t s mch in va thit k. Dng VOM kim tra cc linh kin. Xi ch va lp rp linh kin vo mch. Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca mch. Dng VOM o in p ng ra ca mch, o in p ng trn cc cc transistor . Cn chnh v sa cha mch nu mch khng hot ng.

3. Bo co thc tp - V s nguyn l mch. - V s mch in v b tr chn linh kin. - Nhim v ca cc linh kin trong mch v nguyn l hot ng mch. - o in p trn cc cc transistor.Gii thch. - So snh tn s dao ng gia tnh ton thc t v thc t o c. - Thay i gi tr t C1 v C2=100uF xem s bin i ca tn hiu ra.Gii thch.

Bi 8

:MCH KHUCH I CNG SUT Thi lng 12 tit I. MC CH YU CU: - Kho st cc thng s ca mch khuch i ch mt chiu v xoay chiu - Nhim v v hot ng ca cc linh kin trong mch - nh hng ca cc linh kin i vi cc thng s ca mch khuch i cng sut

II.

C S L THUYT: - Cc dng mch khuch i hng a,b,c,d - Ch lm vic mt chiu v xoay chiu ca mch khuych i -Cc thng s quan trng trong mch khuych i nh tng tr vo, ra, h s khuych i dng in, in p v cng sut. H s n nh mch, dy thng tn s

III.

PHN THC HNH:

1. Chun b dng c , linh kin: - Thuc ngm mch in, dao ct, giy nhm, bt lng du, ch hn, nha thng, mi khoan, t thc k v bn ra mch. B ngun thc tp - My pht sng v dao ng k - Tm mch in kch thc 4cm x 8cm cho mi hc vin - Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi Linh kin Transistor c1815 Transistor a11015 in tr 10k, 2k2, 10k, 1k5,470, 2k7, 22k, 4k7 Bin tr rv 10kv 50kv T 1uf , 180pf, 220uf, 470uf T 10uf Loa 8ohm, micro in dung 1 1 1 1 2 1 S lng Ghi ch

2. Tin trnh thc hin:

- Cho mch khuych i cng sut nh hnh:

R 6 U C C 3 2 . 7 K R 4 5 7 0 T 3 C 1 C R 1 1 0 K R R 2 O P H O 2 . 2 K N E C 1 T 1 C 1 4 1 2 1 M I C R . 5 K 1 R V C 2 1 0 u R 3 F 8 4 . 7 K 1 1 1 0 u F 1 2 c c = + 1 6 V

31

8 1 5 C 5

R 2

7 2 k C 4

D D

1 I O D E

F 8 o h m

8 1 5 1 0 K

T 4 A 1 1 8 0 p F T 2 C 1

5 S P E A K E R

- Lm mch in t s mch in va thit k - Xi ch v lp rp linh kin vo mch + + Rp tng tin khuych i trc Rp tng khuych i cng sut Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca mch Dung vom o in p ng ra ca mch, o in p trn cc cc transistor Ni th vo micro thy c ting nghe r loa. Chnh bin tr rv kim tra s thay i Cn chnh v sa cha mch nu mch khng hot ng

3. Bo co thc tp: - V s nguyn l mch khuych i - V s mch in v s b tr chn linh kin - Nhim v ca cc linh kin trong mch

- o in p mt chiu trn cc cc transistor t1 -> t4 - Kho st sng ng vo v ra tng tng - Nu nhng nguyn nhn nh hng n cht lng khuych i ca mch

BI 9: MCH DAO NG KHNG TRNG THI BN DNG IC 555

Thi lng 6 tit
I. MC CH YU CU:

- Kho st nguyn l hot ng ca ic555 - Kh nng ng dng ca ic555 II. C S L THUYT: - Hnh dng s chn ic555 - Nguyn tc hot ng - Xc nh tn s dao ng ng ra - Gii thiu mt s mch c bn ng dng ic555 III. PHN THC HNH: 1. Chun b dng c, linh kin - Thuc ngm mch in, dao ct, giy nhm, bt lng du, ch hn, nha thng, mi khoan, t thc k v bn ra mch. B ngun thc tp, dao ng k - My pht sng v dao ng k - Tm mch in kch thc 3cm x 4cm cho mi hc vin - Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi Linh kin Ic555 Led Bin tr 50k in tr 470 in tr 1k, 10k T 103, 10uf S lng 1 2 1 2 1 1 Ghi ch

2. Tin trnh thc hin - Cho mch nh hnh v - Thit k mch in t s nguyn l - Lm mch in t s mch in va thit k - Dng vom kim tra cc linh kin - Xi ch v lp rp linh kin vo mch
1 R 1 1 R 2 1 K R

9 V
V C C

4 4 L

7 E

0 D

D T H T R

I S

V C C

R 5 0

V 0 K K

7 6 2 L M

O C O N

G N D

R C 2 1 0 3

3 4

5 5 5 C 1

u C F

- Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca mch - Dng vom o in p trn cc chn ca ic555 khi chn 2 c ni v khng c ni - Cn chnh v sa cha mch nu mch khng hot ng

IV.

BO CO THC TP:
- V s nguyn l mch khuych i

V s mch in v s b tr chn linh kin

- Nhim v ca cc linh kin trong mch - Ghi gi tr in p trn cc chn ca ic555 khi chn 2 c ni v khng c ni v khng c ni. Gii thch? - So snh tn s dao ng gia tnh ton v thc t o c - Thay i gi tr bin tr rv xem s bin i ca tn hiu ra. Gii thch ?

Bi 10: MCH IU CHNH SNG N,TC NG C DNG SCR

Thi lng 6 tit I. MC CH YU CU: - Gip sinh vin lm quen vi cc linh kin ng dng trong cng nghip - Kho st hot ng ca scr, diac, triac - Cc mch ng dng ca cc linh kin ny trong thc t
II. PHN THC HNH:

1. -

chun b dng c , linh kin:

Thuc ngm mch in, dao ct, giy nhm, bt lng du, ch hn, nha thng, mi khoan, t,

thc k v bn ra mch. B ngun thc tp, dao ng k -Tm mch in kch thc 4cm x 8cm cho mi hc vin - Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi Linh kin Scr 2p4m n 6v Bin tr 100k in tr 1k in tr 4k7 T 1uf Diode 1n4007 2. Tin trnh thc hin:
1 2

S lng 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
6 V L A M P

Ghi ch

- Cho mch nh hnh v: - Thit k mch in t s nguyn l - Lm mch in t s mch in va thit k - Dng vom kim tra cc linh kin - Xi ch v lp rp linh kin vo mch - Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca mch - Dng vom o in p ng vo, n, t c1
V A C

D 1 N 4 0 0 7

1 0 0 K

6 V A C

1 K R 2

2 P S C

4 M R

1 u F C 1

4 . 7 K R 3 1 K

- Thay i gi tr vr, quan st trng thi n - Cn chnh v sa cha nu mch in khng hot ng

3. Bo co thc tp: - V s nguyn l mch khuych i - V s mch in v s b tr chn linh kin - Nhim v ca cc linh kin trong mch - Ghi gi tr in p vo , n , t c1 . Nhn xt - Thay i gi tr VR , quan st trng thi n . Gii thch

Bi 11: MCH IU CHNH SNG N,TC NG C DNG DIAC V TRIAC

Thi lng 6 tit I. MC CH YU CU: Gip sinh vin lm quen vi cc linh kin ng dng trong cng nghip Kho st hot ng ca DIAC , TRIAC Cc mch ng dng ca cc linh kin ny trong thc t

II. C S L THUYT: Cu to linh kin 4 lp Nguyn tc hot ng ca DIAC , TRIAC Phng php tt m Hnh dng , cch o th v cc thng s khi s dng

III. PHN THC HNH: 1. Chun b dng c, linh kin:

Thuc ngm mch in, dao ct, giy nhm, bt lng du, ch hn, nha thng, mi khoan, t thc k v bn ra mch. B ngun thc tp

My pht sng v dao ng k Tm mch in kch thc 4cm x 6cm cho mi hc vin Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi Linh kin DIAC , TRIAC n 6v Bin tr 500k in tr 4k7 , 470 T 473j S lng 1 1 1 1 1 6 V
L A M P

Ghi ch

2.
-

Tin trnh thc hin: Cho mch nh hnh v: Thit k mch in t s nguyn l Lm mch in t s mch in va thit k Dng VOM kim tra cc linh kin
V A C

1 2

5 0 0 K

4 . 7 K

6 V A C

R 4 7 C 1

B T 1 3 T R I A

I A

4 7 3 J

Xi ch v lp rp linh kin vo mch Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca mch Dng vom o in p ng vo, n, t C Thay i gi tr vr, quan st trng thi n Cn chnh v sa cha nu mch in khng hot ng

3.

Bo co thc tp; V s nguyn l mch khuych i V s mch in v s b tr chn linh kin Nhim v ca cc linh kin trong mch Ghi gi tr in p vo , n , t c1 . Nhn xt Thay i gi tr VR , quan st trng thi n . Gii thch

Bi 12:

MCH NG M THIT B DNG CM BIN QUANG

Thi lng 6 tit

I.

MC CH YU CU: Gip sinh vin lm quen vi cc linh kin quang in tr Kho st hot ng ca quang tr ng dng ca linh kin ny trong thc t

II.

C S L THUYT:
-

Nguyn tc hot ng ca quang tr Hnh dng. cch o th v cc thng s khi s dng Cc ng dng ca linh kin quang tr

III.

PHN THC HNH:

1. Chun b dng c , linh kin:

Thuc ngm mch in, dao ct, giy nhm, bt lng du, ch hn, nha thng, mi khoan, t, thc k v bn ra mch. B ngun thc tp, dao ng k

Tm mch in kch thc 4cm x 8cm cho mi hc vin Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi S lng 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ghi ch

Linh kin Quang tr Relay 12v Bin tr 500k in tr 4k7 , 3k3, 33 T 10uF Transistor C1815 , C1061 Diode 1N4007
2.

Tin trnh thc hin:

V C

Cho mch nh hnh v:

1 N 4 0 0 7 R 2 3 . 3 K

1 2 V R 1 E 2 L A V Y

Thit k mch in t s nguyn l Lm mch in t s mch in va thit k - Dng VOM kim tra cc linh kin
L D R

R 4 V 5 0 R 0 K . 7

1 K 1 0 u C 1 F

Q Q C 1 1 8 1 5 C

2 1 0 6 1

Xi ch v lp rp linh kin vo mch Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca mch

Thay i gi tr vr, quan st trng thi n Cn chnh v sa cha nu mch in khng hot ng

3.

Bo co thc tp: -

V s nguyn l mch V s mch in v s b tr chn linh kin Nhim v ca cc linh kin trong mch Nguyn l hot ng ca mch Thay i gi tr VR , quan st trng thi n . Gii thch

Bi 13: MCH NG M THIT B DNG THU PHT HNG NGOI

Thi lng 6 tit I. MC CH YU CU: gip sinh vin lm quen vi cc linh kin quang in t kho st hot ng ca thu pht hng ngoi

ng dng ca linh kin ny trong thc t II. C S L THUYT:

nguyn tc hot ng ca thu pht hng ngoi hnh dng, cch o th v cc thng s khi s dng cc ng dng ca thu pht hng ngoi III.PHN THC HNH:
1.

Chun b dng c , linh kin Thuc ngm mch in, dao ct, giy nhm, bt lng du, ch hn, nha thng, mi

khoan, t, thc k v bn ra mch. B ngun thc tp, dao ng k Tm mch in kch thc 4cm x 6cm cho mi hc vin Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi Linh kin IC555 Relay 12v Bin tr 100k in tr 470 , 47k , 15k in tr 10k T 0,01uF Transistor C1815 Diode 1N4007 Thu , pht hng ngoi 2. R 2 1 0 K

S lng 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1

Ghi ch

Tin trnh thc hin Cho mch nh hnh v:

V C C

C 9 V

V 4 7 K R 5 1 0 K

R 1

V 0 0 K 8 4 vcc 7 6 2 L M D T H G N D C O N T R 5 5 I 5 R 3 4 7 0 I S

C
U 3 T

Q C

1 1 8 1 5

. 0

1 u

C 0 . 0 1 u F

C 1 0

2 3

R
I N F R A L E D

6 1 5 K

7 2 . 2 K S P E A K

Mt sinh vin lm phn pht v mt sinh vin lm phn thu Thit k mch in t s nguyn l Lm mch in t s mch in va thit k Dng VOM kim tra cc linh kin Xi ch v lp rp linh kin vo mch Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca mch o cc thng s cn thit ca mch pht v mch thu Cn chnh v sa cha nu mch in khng hot ng

3. -

Bo co thc tp: V s nguyn l mch V s mch in v s b tr chn linh kin Nhim v ca cc linh kin trong mch Nguyn l hot ng ca mch Nu gii php tng khong cch gia pht v thu Nu ng dng c th ca mch

Bi 14:

MCH GII M LED 7 ON

Thi lng 6 tit

I.
-

MC CH YU CU:

Gip sinh vin lm quen vi vic s dng IC s lm led 7 on Kho st hot ng ca cc linh kin s dng trong mch ng dng ca cc linh kin ny trong thc t

II.
-

C S L THUYT:

mch m dng 74LS90 , gii m 7447 v led 7 on s chn, bng trng thi ca cc IC khi s dng cc ng dng khc ca mch

III.
1/

PHN THC HNH:

Chun b dng c,linh kin:

- Thuc ngm mch in, dao ct, giy nhm, bt lng du, ch hn, nha thng, mi khoan,t thc k v bn ra mch.B ngun thc tp - Tm mch in kch thc 4cm x 8cm cho mi hc vin - Cc linh kin cn thit trong bi: Linh kin IC555 Led 7 on Bin tr 50k in tr 220 in tr 10k T 10uF IC 74LS90 , IC 7447 2/ Tin hnh thc hin : - Cho mch nh hnh v: S lng 1 1 1 7 2 1 1 Ghi ch

2 + 5 V + U 8 1 4 R U U 3 T 1 1 2 3 6 7 5 C 1 2 7 0 3 4 C C R R R R 4 2 L L 0 0 9 9 L K Q A K Q B Q 1 Q 2 1 2 S 9 1 A9 B8 C1 D 2 1 7 1 2 6 4 5 3 + 5 V 7 4 L S 4 7 U D D D D B R L 3 0 1 2 3 1 A 1 B 1 C 1 D 9 BE O1 F 1 G 3 2 1 0 5 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R R R R R R R 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 7 6 2 4 1 9 U A B C D E 0F G l e 4 8 3 D 1 5 D3 D2 d 7 5 V

1 R 5 V 0 K

7 6 R 1 0 1 K 2 L 1 0 u F C 1

D T T M H

VCC I S O

I 5

I / R B I

0 1

GND

CON

Thit k mch in t s nguyn l Lm mch in t s mch in va thit k Dng VOM kim tra cc linh kin Xi ch v lp rp linh kin vo mch Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca mch o cc thng s cn thit ca mch
Cn chnh v sa cha nu mch in khng hot ng

3/Bo co thc tp: V s nguyn l mch V s mch in v s b tr chn linh kin Nhim v ca cc linh kin trong mch Nguyn l hot ng ca mch t li cc c s m khc nhau