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Giao tip theo chun RS232, ng dng rt nhiu trong thc t m ng dng dng giao tip gia vdk

k vi my tnh l mt trong nhng ng dng PIC c th trao i d liu vi my tnh th ta cn lm mch chuyn i mc logic do mc logic trong my tnh v vi iu khin l khc nhau. S mch nh sau: Nu khng c iu kin lm mch tht anh em c th m phng bng proteus: v chng trnh th cn khai bo: c th dng c chc nng ny. y l chng trnh Code
#use delay(clock=12000000 #use rs232(baud=9600,xmit=PIN_c6,rcv=PIN_c7) #use fast_io(c) void main(){ set_tris_c(0x00); while(1){ printf("giao tiep RS232\n\r"); printf("bachanguyen\n\r"); printf("www.hoicodien.org"); printf("\n\r"); printf("\n\r"); delay_ms(2000);

Kt qu m phng

Bn thm v chun RS232 Cng ni tip RS232 l mt giao din ph bin rng ri nht. Ngi ta cn gi cng ny l cng COM1, cn cng COM2 t do cho cc ng dng khc. Ging nh cng my

in cng COM cng c s dng mt cch thun tin cho vic giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi. Vic truyn d liu qua cng COM c tin hnh theo cch ni tip. Ngha l cc bit d liu c truyn i ni tip nhau trn mt ng dn. Loi truyn ny c kh nng dng cho nhng ng dng c yu cu truyn khong cch ln hn, bi v cc kh nng gy nhiu l nh ng k hn khi dng mt cng song song (cng my in). Cng COM khng phi l mt h thng bus n cho php d dng to ra lin kt di hnh thc im vi im gia hai my cn trao i thng tin vi nhau, mt thnh vin th ba khng th tham gia vo cuc trao i thng tin ny. * Cc chn v ng dn c m t nh sau:

Phch cm COM c tng cng 8 ng dn, cha k n ng ni t. Trn thc t c hai loi phch cm, mt loi 9 chn v mt loi 25 chn. C hai loi ny u c chung mt c im. Vic truyn d liu xy ra trn hai ng dn. Qua chn cm ra TXD my tnh gi d liu ca n n KIT Vi iu khin. Trong khi cc d liu m my tnh nhn c, li c dn n chn RXD cc tn hiu khc ng vai tr nh l tn hiu h tr khi trao i thng tin, v v th khng phi trong mi trng hp ng dng u dng ht. V tn hiu cng COM thng mc +12V, -12V nn khng tng thch vi in p

TTL nn giao tip KIT Vi iu khin 8051 vi my tnh qua cng COM ta phi qua mt vi mch bin i in p cho ph hp vi mc TTL, ta chn vi mch MAX232 thc hin vic tng thch in p. GII THIU VI MCH GIAO TIP MAX 232 Vi mch MAX 232 ca hng MAXIM l mt vi mch chuyn dng trong giao din ni tip vi my tnh. Chng c nhim v chuyn i mc TTL li vo thnh mc +10V hoc 10V pha truyn v cc mc +3+15V hoc -3-15V thnh mc TTL pha nhn.

Vi mch MAX 232 c hai b m v hai b nhn. ng dn iu khin li vo CTS,

iu khin vic xut ra d liu cng ni tip khi cn thit, c ni vi chn 9 ca vi mch MAX 232. Cn chn RST (chn 10 ca vi mch MAX ) ni vi ng dn bt tay iu khin qu trnh nhn. Thng th cc ng dn bt tay c ni vi cng ni tip qua cc cu ni, khi khng dng n na c th h mch cc cu ny. Cch truyn d liu n gin nht l ch dng ba ng dn TxD, RxD v GND (mass). C IM K THUT V IN CA RS232C

Qui nh v chn ca RS232C Mc in p logic ca RS-232C l khong in p gia +15V v 15V. Cc ng d liu s dng mc logic m: logic 1 c in th gia 5V v 15V, logic 0 c in th

gia +5V v +15V. tuy nhin cc ng in khin (ngoi tr ng TDATA v RDATA) s dng logic dng: ga tr TRUE = +5V n +15V v FALSE =5V n 15. chun giao tip ny, gia ng ra b kch pht v ng vo b thu c mc nhiu c gii hn l 2V. Do vy ngng ln nht ca ng vo l 3V tri li mc 5V l ngng nh nht vi ng ra. Ng ra b kch pht khi khng ti c in p l 25V. Cc c im v in khc bao gm RL (in tr ti) c nhn t b kch pht c gi tr t 3 7k. CL (in dung ti) c nhn t b kch pht khng c vt qu 2500pF. ngn cn s dao ng qu mc, tc thay i (Slew rate ) ca in p khng c vt qa 30V/s. i vi cc ng iu khin, thi gian chuyn ca tn hiu (t TRUE sang FALSE, hoc t FALSE sang TRUE ) khng c vt qa 1ms. i vi cc ng d liu, thi gian chuyn (t 1 sang 0 hoc t 0 sang 1) phi khng vt qa 4% thi gian ca 1 bit hoc 1ms. CC NG D LIU V IU KHIN CA RS232 - TxD: D liu c truyn i t Modem trn mng in thoi. - RxD: D liu c thu bi Modem trn mng in thoi. Cc ng bo thit b sn sng: - DSR : bo rng Modem sn sng. - DTR : bo rng thit b u cui sn sng - Cc ng bt tay bn song cng. - RTS : bo rng thit b u cui yu cu pht d liu. - CTS : Modem p ng nhu cu cn gi d liu ca thit b u cui cho thit b u cui c th s dng knh truyn d liu. Cc ng trng thi sng mang v tn hiu in thoi: - CD : Modem bo cho thit b u cui bit rng nhn c mt sng mang hp l t mng in thoi. - RI : Cc Modem t ng tr li bo rng pht hin chung t mng in thoi a ch u tin c th ti c ca cng ni tip c gi l a ch c bn (Basic Address). Cc a ch ghi tip theo c t ti bng vic cng thm s thanh ghi gp ca b UART vo a ch c bn. - Mc tn hiu trn chn ra RxD ty thuc vo ng dn TxD v thng thng nm

trong khong 12 n +12. Cc bit d liu c gi o ngc li. Mc in p i vi mc High nm gia 3V v 12V v mc Low nm gia +3V v +12V. Trn hnh 2-4 m t mt dng d liu in hnh ca mt byte d liu trn cng ni tip RS-232C. - trng thi tnh trn ng dn c in p 12V. Mt bit khi ng (Starbit) s m u vic truyn d liu. Tip l cc bit d liu ring l s n, trong cc bit gi tr thp s c gi trc tin. Cn s ca cc bit thay i gia 5 v 8. cui ca dng d liu cn c mt bit dng (Stopbit) t tr li trng thi ng ra (-12V).

a ch c bn ca cng ni tip ca my tnh PC c th tm tt trong bng cc a ch sau: COM 1 (cng ni tip th nht) a ch c bn = 3F8(Hex) COM 2 (cng ni tip th hai) a ch c bn = 2F8(Hex) COM 3 (cng ni tip th ba) a ch c bn = 3E8(Hex) COM 4 (cng ni tip th t) a ch c bn = 2E8(Hex) Cng nh cng my in, cc ng dn tn hiu ring bit cng cho php trao i qua cc a ch trong my tnh PC. Trong trng hp ny, ngi ta thng s dng nhng vi

mch c mc tch hp cao c th hp nht nhiu chc nng trn mt chip. my tnh PC thng c mt b pht/nhn khng ng b vn nng (gi tt l UART: Universal Asnchronous Receiver/ Transmitter) iu khin s trao i thng tin gia my tnh v cc thit b ngoi vi. Ph bin nht l vi mch 8250 ca hng NSC hoc cc th h tip theo. Thng thng vi cc yu cu ng dng tc thp ngi ta giao tip qua ng ni tip, n giao tip theo tiu chun RS232C v dng giao tip gia my tnh vi Modem hoc Mouse. Ngoi ra cng c th dng giao tip vi printer hay plotter nhng khng thng dng lm bi tc truyn qu chm. i vi my AT cho ta hai ng giao tip COM1 v COM2. Trong mt s card I/O ta c th c n 4 cng COM. giao tip ni tip vi 2 ng COM ny Bus h thng ca CPU (Data Bus v Address Bus) hng IBM s dng hai Chip lp trnh ca Intel l 8250 UART (Universal Asynchronus Receiver Transmitter). a ch theo b nh ca hai Chip ny l 0040:0000 cho UART ca ng COM1 v 0040:0002 cho UART ca ng COM2 (a ch logic do h iu hnh ch nh) v a ch theo Port truy xut khi s dng l 3F83FF cho COM1 v 2F8-2FF cho COM2. D liu truyn qua cho Port COM di dng ni tip tng Bit mt, n v d liu c th l 5 Bit, 6 Bit hay 1 byte ty theo s ci t lc khi to Port COM. Ngoi ra truyn d liu qua Port COM cn cn nhng tham s sau: Bit m u cho mt n v d liu START Bit. STOP Bit (Bit kt thc). Parity (Kim tra chn l). Baud Rate (Tc truyn) to thnh mt Frame (Khung truyn). Port COM l mt th khi to bng BIOS thng qua chc nng 0 ca Interrupt 14, np vo thanh ghi DX1 ch s chn knh (COM1 = 0, COM2 = 1). Thanh ghi AL c np vo cc tham s ca vic truyn d liu

Cng nh cng my in, cc ng dn tn hiu ring bit cng cho php trao i qua

cc a ch trong my tnh PC. Trong trng hp ny, ngi ta thng s dng nhng vi mch c mc tch hp cao c th hp nht nhiu chc nng trn mt chip. my tnh PC thng c mt b pht/nhn khng ng b vn nng (gi tt l UART: Universal Asnchronous Receiver/ Transmitter) iu khin s trao i thng tin gia my tnh v cc thit b ngoi vi. Ph bin nht l vi mch 8250 ca hng NSC hoc cc th h tip theo. Thng thng vi cc yu cu ng dng tc thp ngi ta giao tip qua ng ni tip, n giao tip theo tiu chun RS232C v dng giao tip gia my tnh vi Modem hoc Mouse. Ngoi ra cng c th dng giao tip vi printer hay plotter nhng khng thng dng lm bi tc truyn qu chm. i vi my AT cho ta hai ng giao tip COM1 v COM2. Trong mt s card I/O ta c th c n 4 cng COM. giao tip ni tip vi 2 ng COM ny Bus h thng ca CPU (Data Bus v Address Bus) hng IBM s dng hai Chip lp trnh ca Intel l 8250 UART (Universal Asynchronus Receiver Transmitter). a ch theo b nh ca hai Chip ny l 0040:0000 cho UART ca ng COM1 v 0040:0002 cho UART ca ng COM2 (a ch logic do h iu hnh ch nh) v a ch theo Port truy xut khi s dng l 3F83FF cho COM1 v 2F8-2FF cho COM2. D liu truyn qua cho Port COM di dng ni tip tng Bit mt, n v d liu c th l 5 Bit, 6 Bit hay 1 byte ty theo s ci t lc khi to Port COM. Ngoi ra truyn d liu qua Port COM cn cn nhng tham s sau: Bit m u cho mt n v d liu START Bit. STOP Bit (Bit kt thc). Parity (Kim tra chn l). Baud Rate (Tc truyn) to thnh mt Frame (Khung truyn). Port COM l mt th khi to bng BIOS thng qua chc nng 0 ca Interrupt 14, np vo thanh ghi DX1 ch s chn knh (COM1 = 0, COM2 = 1). Thanh ghi AL c np vo cc tham s ca vic truyn d liu. Bit D0 D1 : Cho bit rng ca d liu 0 0 : D liu c rng 5 Bit 0 1 : D liu c rng 6 Bit 1 0 : D liu c rng 7 Bit 1 1 : D liu c rng 8 Bit. Bit D2 : Cho bit s Stop Bit.

0 : S dng mt bit Stop 1 : S dng hai bit Stop Bit D3 D4 : Cc Bit parity (chn l) 0 0 : Khng kim tra tnh Parity 1 1 : Khng kim tra tnh Parity 0 1 : Odd (l) 1 0 : Even (chn) Bit D5D6D7 : Cho bit tc truyn (Baud Rate) 0 0 0 : Tc truyn 110bps (bit per second)

0 0 1 : Tc truyn 150bps (bit per second) 0 1 0 : Tc truyn 300bps (bit per second)

0 1 1 : Tc truyn 600bps (bit per second) 1 0 0 : Tc truyn 1200bps (bit per second) 1 0 1 : Tc truyn 2400bps (bit per second) 1 1 0 : Tc truyn 4800bps (bit per second) 1 1 1 : Tc truyn 9600bps (bit per second) CC IC KCH PHT V THU CA RS232C Nh tnh ph bin ca giao tip, ngi ta ch to cc IC kch pht v thu. Hai vi mch nh vy c Motorola sn xut l IC kch pht MC 1488 c dng v vung. V MC 1489.Mi IC kch pht 1488 nhn mt tn hiu mc TTL v chuyn thnh tn hiu ng ra tng thch vi mc in p ca RS232C. IC 1489 pht hin cc mc vo ca RS232C v chuyn chng thnh cc ng ra c mc TTL. MINH HA THNG TIN NI TIP BT NG B i vi cc my PC, cc cng lin lc ni tip (serial port) cn c gi l cc cng COM. Hon ton c th s dng cc cng ny kt ni my PC vi cc my tnh khc, vi cc Modem, cc my in, my v, cc thit b iu khin, mouse, mng Tt c cc my tnh PC c kh nng lm vic ti a l 4 cng ni tip khi s dng cc card giao tip I/O chun. Cc cng ni tip thng c thit k theo cc qui nh RS232 theo cc yu cu v in v v tn hiu. BIOS ch h tr cc cng ni tip RS-232C. Cn cc chun khc nh: RS-422, BiSync, SDLC, IEEE-488 (GPIB), cn phi c cc trnh iu khin thit b b sung h tr.

*S thc thc t Vi mch ny nhn mc RS232 c gi ti t my tnh v bin i tn hiu ny thnh tn hiu TTL cho tng thch vi IC 8051 v n cng thc hin ngc li l bin i tn hiu TTL t Vi iu khin thnh mc +12V, -12V cho ph hp hot ng ca my tnh. Giao tip theo cch ny, khong cch t my tnh n thit b ngoi vi c th t ti trn 20 mt. i vi ti ch yu cu truyn d liu t my tnh qua KIT ch khng truyn d liu t KIT qua my tnh v vy chng em chn vi mch MAX232 thc hin bin i tng thch mc tn hiu. u im ca giao din ny l c kh nng thit lp tc Baud. Khi d liu t my tnh c gi n KIT Vi iu khin 8051 qua cng COM th d liu ny s c a vo tng bit (ni tip) vo thanh ghi SBUF (thanh ghi m), n khi

thanh ghi m y th c RI trong thanh ghi iu khin s t ng Set ln 1 v lc ny CPU s gi chng trnh con phc v ngt v d liu s c a vo x l. V c bn th v vic giao tip ni tip ny c chun ri nn vic s dng vi iu khin no l do ta chn. Khi dng cc loi vi iu khin khc nhau th cu lnh s c s khc nhau v cch setup cng s khc nhau mt cht

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