HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Mc lc
Chng 1. CC PHNG PHP CP NC.....................................................2
1. H thng cp nc n gin........................................................................2
2. H thng cp nc c kt nc trn mi....................................................2
3. H thng cp nc c trm bm................................................................3
4. H thng cp nc c kt nc v trm bm.............................................4
Chng 2. XY DNG BI TON CP NC CHO TA NH.......................5
I. Phn tch kin trc ta nh v thit k bi ton cp nc..............................5
II. S cp nc cho ta nh v tnh ton lu lng nc tiu th...............6
Chng 3. XY DNG BI TON IU KHIN..............................................12
I. La chn gii php iu khin.......................................................................12
II. Xy dng s khi chc nng ..................................................................12
III. Xy dng s nguyn l............................................................................13
Chng 4. GII THIU CC THIT B S DNG TRONG H THNG CP
NC T NG..................................................................................................14
I. ng c bm..................................................................................................14
1.Khi nim chung:........................................................................................14
1.Phn loi bm:............................................................................................14
2.Cc thng s c bn ca bm.....................................................................15
3.c tnh ca bm........................................................................................18
II. Bin tn Omron............................................................................................21
1.Cc model trong h 3G3MV........................................................................21
2.K hiu.........................................................................................................22
3.S u ni dy nguyn l ca bin tn..................................................26
4.Hot ng c bn.......................................................................................29
III. Cng tc t. ................................................................................................34
IV. Cm bin mc nc.....................................................................................36
Chng 5. TNH CHN CC THIT B IU KHIN, THIT B CHP
HNH V THIT B BO V.............................................................................38
I. La chn cm bin mc nc........................................................................38
1.61F-G-AP....................................................................................................38
2.61F-G1-AP..................................................................................................38
II. La chn thit b bo v................................................................................38
III. La chn thit b ng lc..........................................................................39
1.Bm..............................................................................................................39
2.La chn bin tn.......................................................................................39
3.La chn cng tc t cho mch ng lc...................................................39
IV. Chn thit b iu khin...............................................................................39
Ti liu tham kho.................................................................................................39

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Chng 1. CC PHNG PHP CP NC

1. H thng cp nc n gin.
Phng php cp nc ny c p dng cho cc h thng cp nc c p lc
ng ng cp nc n mi h dn.
u im: H thng n gin khng cn bm nc, khng cn iu khin, d
thi cng lp t.
Nhc im: H thng cung cp nc ny ch p dng cho h thng c p
lc ng ng m bo cung cp, nhng iu ny khng thc t do p lc trn mng
li khng ng u. p lc ca h thng ph thuc vo cao i sen nh my nn
h thng b gii hn cao, phng php ny khng dng cho nh nhiu tng.
Phng php ny thng c p dng cung cp cho cc thit b tiu th nm vi
cao thp so vi ng ng.

Hnh 1.1 S h thng cp nc n gin.

1: ng dn nc vo nh.
2: ng h o nc.
3: ng chnh.

2. H thng cp nc c kt nc trn mi.

p dng khi p lc ca ng ng cp nc bn ngoi khng m bo
thng xuyn - trong cc gi dng t nc (ban m) nc cung cp cho tt c thit
b sinh hot trong nh v d tr vo kt, cn trong cc gi cao im dng nhiu nc
th kt nc s cung cp cho cc thit b sinh hot. Kt nc lm nhim v gi nc

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

khi tha (khi p lc bn ngoi cao) v cung cp nc cho cc ngi nh trong gi cao
im (p lc bn ngoi yu).
u im: H thng cung cp nc n gin, khng cn iu khin, p lc
duy tr tt. Phng php ny rt hay dng trc y do c nhiu u im hn phng
php trn.
Nhc im: H thng do phi cn b trn cao v th tch b ny ph thuc
vo s lng cn h trong nh v vy nh cng nhiu tng th b cng ln. Vic b ln
nh hng n kin trc xy dng khi ta nh phi gnh thm mt khi lng nc
dn n chi ph xy dng cao hn v nh hng n kt cu ca ta nh.

Hnh 1.2 S h thng cp nc c kt nc trn mi.

3. H thng cp nc c trm bm.

L h thng dng bm y nc t ng nc thnh ph hoc t b cha
vo ng ng ca ta nh, h thng dng cng tc p lc v van gim p duy tr
p lc cung cp cho ta nh. Cng tc p lc c iu chnh ng ct theo p sut
ca ng ng iu chnh ng ct bm.
p dng trong trng hp p lc ng ng cp nc bn ngoi khng m
bo thng xuyn hoc hon ton khng m bo a nc ti cc thit b sinh hot
trong nh.
u im: Phng php ny khc phc c nhc im ca hai phng
php trn. H thng cung cp nc n nh hn, v khng nh hng n kt cu ca
ta nh
Nhc im: My bm ct theo chu k bng tay hay t ng bng cng tc p

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

lc. Trng hp ny khng kinh t v tn thit b, tn in, tn ngi qun l (nu ct

tay). H thng duy tr p sut v lu lng khng n nh do dng cng tc p lc,
dng cng tc p lc c kh nn tui th khng cao chng hng hay phi thay th.
Bm i khi phi lm vic ng ct trc tip vo li in vi s ln cao trong mt
thi gian ngn nn tui th gim.

Hnh 1.3 S h thng cp nc c trm bm.

4. H thng cp nc c kt nc v trm bm
H thng p dng trong trng hp p lc ng ng cp nc bn ngoi
hon ton khng m bo. My bm lm vic theo chu k ch ct trong gi cao im
a nc n cc thit b sinh hot v d tr cho kt nc. Trong gi dng nc
t, kt nc s cung cp nc cho ngi nh. My bm c th ct bng tay hoc t
ng.

Hnh 1.4: H thng cp nc c kt nc v trm bm.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

H thng ny tuy c u im hn cc phng php trn v cung cp n

nh hn lu lng cho cc h tiu th. Nhng vn cn nhiu hn ch v tn tht
nng lng do phi tn nng lng a mt khi lng nc ln b cao sau nh
th nng a nc tr li cc tng pha di, iu ny l khng cn thit, lm tn tht
rt ln v in nng. Bm vn phi lm vic ng ct trc tip vo li in theo
mc nc trn b nn dn ti tui th gim, nh hng ti li in. Nu b nc ln
nh hng ti kt cu xy dng nh, do phi thm mt khi nc ln.

Chng 2. XY DNG BI TON CP NC CHO TA

NH
I. Phn tch kin trc ta nh v thit k bi ton cp nc
y l to nh 15 tng
- Cc thng s k thut ca to nh:
+) Din tch khu t:

7200 m2

+) Din tch xy dng:

3264 m2

+) Mt xy dng:

45%

+) Tng din tch sn khng k tng hm: 25108 m2

- Tng hm: dng lm ni xe v ni t cc phng k thut in v k thut
nc ca to nh.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

+Din tch sn: 7200 m2

- Tng 1: Din tch ch yu dng cho siu th, phn cn li dnh cho snh,
phng qun l, . . .
+) Din tch sn: 3264 m2
+) Din tch siu th: 2485,2 m2
+) Din tch cu thang: 221,0 m2
+) Din tch snh, hnh lang v cc khu ph tr khc: 664,8 m2
+) Din tch khu v sinh: 73,4 m2
- Tng 2 n tng 14: Mi tng c chia thnh cc cn h. Mi tng c 10 cn
h, mi cn h trung bnh c 4 ngi.
- Tng p mi: c dng lm Bar caf, nh hng, kho, . . .
Din tch sn: 1975,0 m2
- Chiu cao ca to nh l 55.5 m, chiu cao gia cc tng dao ng trong
khong 3.3 3.6 m

II. S cp nc cho ta nh v tnh ton lu lng nc tiu th

T vic phn tch s kin trc ca ta nh nh trn chng em a ra s
cp nc cho chung c nh hnh sau:

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Hnh 2.2 S nguyn l h thng cp nc

- Trm bm cp nc cho ta nh s dng phng php cp nc c s dng
bin tn, c kt nc trn mi.
Mun thit k mt h thng cp nc cn xc nh tng lu lng theo tiu
chun trong tiu chun cp nc hin hnh (bng 2-1) TCXD -33-68.
H s
Trang b tin nghi trong nh

Tiu chun dng

khng

Nc trung bnh

iu

(lit/ngi ngy m)

ho gi
(Kg)

Loi I

Cc nh bn trong khng c h thng cp

thot nc v dng c v sinh. Nc
dng thng ngy ly t vi nc cng

cng ngoi ph.

Loi II Cc nh bn trong ch c vi ly nc

40 - 60

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

2,5 - 2,0

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

khng c dng v v sinh.

Loi III Cc nh bn trong c h thng cp thot

80 - 100

2 - 1,8

120 - 150

1,8 - 1,5

150 - 200

1,7 - 1,4

nc, c dng c v sinh nhng khng

c thit b tm.
Loi IV Cc nh bn trong c h thng cp thot
nc, c dng c v sinh v c thit b
tm thng thng
Loi V Cc nh bn trong c h thng cp thot
nc, c dng c v sinh c chu tm v
cp nc nng cc b
200 - 300
Bng 2 -1: Tiu chun cp nc( gio trnh cp thot nc)

1,5 - 1,3

T tiu chun cp nc trn ta c th tnh c lu lng tiu th nc ln

nht ca 1 cn h theo cng thc sau(gio trnh cp thot nc):
Qmax.ngy =

q.N .K ngy
1000

( m3/ngy ).

Trong :
+ q: Tiu chun dng nc ca mt ngi ( lit/ngi.ngy )
+ N: S nhn khu trong nh.
+ Kngy: H thng khng iu ha ngy, i vi cc nh Kngy = 1.1 1.3.
Mt khc ta c cng thc tnh lu lng i vi nh cng cng, khch sn, bnh
vin, c quan . . . nh sau(gio trnh cp thot nc):
Q = 0.2

( l/s )

Trong :
+ Q: Lu lng tnh ton, ( l/s )
+ N: Tng ng lng ca cc thit b v sinh trong on ng tnh ton, ly
theo bng 2.2.
+ : H s ph thuc vo chc nng ngi nh, ly theo bng 2.3
Loi TBVS
Vi nc chu ra nh bp,
chu git
Vi nc chu ra mt

Tr s ng

Lu lng

ng knh ng

lng N
1

tnh ton [l/s]

0.2

ni [mm]
15

0.33

0.07

10 15

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Vi nc m tiu
ng nc ra mng tiu cho

0.17
0.3

0.035
0.06

10 15
-

0.5

0.1

10 15

0.2

15

b
Vi trn chu tm ni c h

1.5

0.3

15

thng cp nc nng tp trung

Vi ra h x ( khng c thng

67

1.2 1.4

25 32

ra )
Chu ra v sinh n c vi

0.35

0.2

15

0.67

0.14

15

nh
Vi nc chu ra tay phng

0.5

0.1

10 15

th nghim
Vi nc chu ra phng th

0.2

15

1m di
Vi nc thng ra h x
Vi trn chu tm un nc cc

phun
Mt vi tm hng sen t theo
nhm
Mt vi tm hng sen t
trong phng ring ca tng cn

nghim
Bng 2.2: ng lng cho cc thit b v sinh
Loi nh Nh tr,

Bnh vin Ca hng, Trng

Nh n

Khch sn,

c quan

hc

dng

nh tp th

1.5

1.8

2.0

2.5

mu gio

H s 1.2

1.4

Bng 2.3: Tr s
p dng cc cng thc trn ta tnh ton lu lng tiu th cho ta nh 15 tng.

Tnh ton lu lng tiu th

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

- Lu lng nc tiu th tng 1:

Q1 = 0.2

+ Ly = 2.5 ( theo bng 2.3 )

+ Tnh N
Tng ng lng ca cc thit b v sinh cho tng 1:
+ Tng 1 bao gm 2 phng v sinh nam, 2 phng v sinh n. Phng v sinh nam
bao gm 2 chu ra mt, 4 bn m tiu, 2 bn x. Phng v sinh n bao gm 2 chu
ra mt, 4 bn v sinh n, 2 bn x.
+ Da vo bng 2.2 ta tnh c:
Tng ng lng ca 1 phng v sinh nam l:
Nwcnam = 0.33 x 2 + 0.17 x 4 + 0.5 x 2 = 2.34
Tng ng lng ca 1 phng v sinh n l:
Nwcn = 0.33 x 2 + 0.35 x 4 + 0.5 x 2 = 3.06
Vy tng ng lng ca cc thit b v sinh tng 1 l:
N1 = 2( Nwcnam + Nwcn ) = 2( 2.34 + 3.06 ) = 10.8
Vy lu lng nc tiu th tng 1 l:
Q1 = 0.2 x 2.5 x

10 .8

= 1,64( l/s)

- Lu lng tiu th t tng 2 n tng 15:

Q2 =

q.N .K ngy
1000

+ q = 200 ( l/ngi.ng. )
+ N = 4x10x14= 640 ( ngi )
+ Kngy = 1.3

Q2 =

200 640 1.3

1000
=

166 .4 1000
166,4 ( m /ng. ) = 24 3600 = 1.926 ( l/s )
3

- Vy lu lng tiu th l:
Qtt1 = Q1 + Q2 = 1.64 + 1.926 = 3.57 ( l/s )
Lu lng tiu th trong ngy l:
Qngy =

Qtt 1 3600 24 3.57 3600 24

=
= 308 ( m3/ngy).
1000
1000

- T thng k lu lng nc tiu th nc theo cc gi theo th t trong ngy

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

10

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

ta c kt qu nh trong bng 2.4:

S gi tiu th

Lu lng

8h

75%Qngy

10h

18% Qngy

6h

7% Qngy

Bng 2.4 Bng thng k lu lng nc tiu th theo cc gi trong ngy.

Lu lng tiu th max ti cc gi cao im l:

Qmax.h =

0.75 295 .5
= 27,7 ( m3/h )
8

=> T y ta c cng sut ca bm:

+) Cng sut hu ch ca bm:
Pi = .Qmax.h.H.10-3
Trong :
+) : Trng lng ring ca nc, = 10000 (N/m3)
+) H: Chiu cao ca ta nh, H = 55.5 ( m)
+) Qmax.h = [m3/s]
-3
Pi = 10000 x 27.7 x 55.5 x 10 = 4,27 ( kW )

3600

Pi

4.27

+ Cng sut ti trc ca bm: Pt = =

= 4.96( kW )
0.86
Ta s dng bm c cng sut Pm =5.5 kW.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

11

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Chng 3. XY DNG BI TON IU KHIN

I. La chn gii php iu khin
i vi phng n cp nc dng kt nc trn nh th ta dng mt bm
chnh khi ng v bo v bng bin tn s dng Rle trung gian iu khin ng
hay ngt bm ty thuc vo mc nc trong b v mt bm d phng ng ct trc
tip .

380V 50Hz

Thit B ng Ct v
Bo v Ngun ng lc

II. Xy dng s khi chc nng

Khi contactor
Mch ng lc

Khi iu khin
R le contactor
Mch iu khin

Bin tn
iu khin
bm

Bm

Khi cng tc vn hnh

Cm bin
Mc nc

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

12

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

III. Xy dng s nguyn l

A
R

R/L1

U/T1

S/L2

V/T2

T/L3

W/T3

VP2

Stop

G
BIN TN

VP1 RTr

FS

S1

FR
FC

SC

max

RTr
RTr

RTr

VR

max

Start
K

Re
C
NO

NC

Cn a thm:Kho st ch tnh v ch ng qu trnh lm vic

ca h thng truyn ng in

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

13

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Chng 4. GII THIU CC THIT B S DNG TRONG

H THNG CP NC T NG
I. ng c bm
1.Khi nim chung:
Bm l my thy lc dng ht v y cht lng t ni ny n ni khc.
Cht lng dch chuyn trong ng ng nn bm phi tng p sut cht lng u
ng ng thng tr lc trn ng ng v thng hiu p sut hai u ng
ng. Nng lng bm cp cho cht lng ly t ng c in hoc t cc ngun ng
lc khc (my n, my hi nc...).
iu kin lm vic ca bm rt khc nhau trong nh, ngoi tri, m nhit
) v bm phi chu c tnh cht l ha ca cht lng cn vn chuyn.

1. Phn loi bm:

Phn loi bm theo nguyn l lm vic hay cch cp nng lng:
- Bm th tch: bm loi ny khi lm vic th th tch khng gian lm vic thay
i nh chuyn ng tnh tin ca pittong (bm pittong) hay nh chuyn ng quay
ca rotor (bm rotor). Kt qu th nng v p sut cht lng tng ln ngha l bm
cung cp p nng cho cht lng.
- Bm ng hc: Trong bm loi ny cht lng c cung cp ng nng t
bm v p sut tng ln. Cht lng qua bm, thu c ng lng nh va p ca cc
cnh qut (bm ly tm v bm hng trc) hoc nh ma st ca tc nhn lm vic
(bm xoy lc, bm tia, bm chn ng, bm vt xon, bm sc kh) hoc nh tc
dng ca trng in t (bm in t) hay cc trng lc khc.
Phn loi theo cu to:
- Bm cnh qut: trong loi ny bm ly tm chim a s v thng gp nht
(bm nc).
- Bm pittong: (bm nc, bm du).

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

14

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Hnh 2.1: Hnh nh bm pittong

- Bm rotor: (bm du, ha cht, bn).
Thuc loi ny c bm bnh rng, bm cnh trt (l gt) ...

Hnh 2.2: Bm bnh rng

Ngoi ra cn c cc loi c bit nh bm mng cnh (bm xng trong t),
bm phun tia (to chn khng trong cc bm ln nh my nhit in)
2. Cc thng s c bn ca bm
Ct p H (hay p sut bm) l lng tng nng lng ring trong mt n v
trng lng ca cht lng chy qua bm (t ming ht n ming y ca bm).
Ct p H thng c tnh bng mt ct cht lng (hay mt ct nc) hoc tnh
i ra p sut ca bm.
P=.H=.g.H
Trong :

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

15

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

: L trng lng ring ca cht lng c bm (N/m3 ).

: L khi lng ring ca cht lng (kg/m3 ) .
g : L gia tc trng trng (9,81 m/s2 )
Ct p H ca bm dng khc phc :
chnh mc cht lng gia b cha v b ht.
Hh+H, [m]
chnh lch p sut ti hai mt thong b ht (p1) v b cha (p2).
p 2 p1

p2 p1
, [m]
.g

Tr lc thy lc (tn tht nng lng n v) trong ng ht (h h ) v ng y

(h )
chnh p sut ng hc (ng nng) gia 2 mt thong
H=(Hh+H )+

V22 V12
2.g

p 2 p1
V 2 V12
+ hh+h+ 2
.g
2.g

Tr lc thy lc trong ng ht v ng y tnh theo cng thc

Vh2 h .lh
V2 .l
V2 .l
(
+ h ) v h=
(
+ )
(
+ )
hh=
2. g d h
2. g d
2. g d

Trong :
Vh, V : L vn tc cht lng trong ng ht v ng y (m/s).
h, : H s tr lc ma st trong ng ht v ng y.
lh, l, h, : Cc chiu di v ng knh ng ht v ng y

h, : Tng h s tr lc cc b trong ng ht v ng y.
Lu lng (nng sut) bm : l th tch cht lng do bm cung cp

vo ng y trong mt n v thi gian. Lu lng Q o bng m3/s, l/s, m3/h.

Cng sut bm P (hoc N).
Trong mt t my bm cn phn bit 3 loi cng sut
Cng sut lm vic Ni (cng sut hu ch) l cng a mt lng Q cht
lng ln cao H trong mt n v thi gian (s).
Ni = .Q.H.10-3, [kw]

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

16

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Trong (N/m3), Q (m3/s), H (m)

Cng sut ti trc bm N (thng ghi trn nhn bm). Cng sut ny thng
ln hn Ni v c tn hao ma st.
Cng sut ng c ko bm (Ndc) cng sut ny thng ln hn N b hiu
sut truyn ng gia ng c v bm, ngoi ra cn d phng qu ti bt thng.
Ndc=k.

N
.Q.H.
3
= k . .10 , [kw]
t
b
t

Trong : k l h s d phng.
Cng sut bm di
2 kw
2-5 kw
5-50 kw
50-100 kw
Cng sut bm trn 100 kw

Chn h s k
k=1,50
k=1,5-1,25
k=1,25-1,15
k=1,15-1,08
k=1,05

Bng 4.1 H s k
Cng c th ly h s d phng khi Q<100 m3/h th k=1,2-1,3
Q>100 m3/h th k=1,1-1,15
t - hiu sut b truyn. Vi b truyn ai (cu-roa) th t <1. Cn khi ng c
ni trc tip vi bm th t ~1.
Ch : cng thc Ni = .Q.H.10-3, [kw], nu tnh bng kG/m3 th:
Ni =
Hoc: Ni=

.Q.H.
, [kw]
102

.Q.H.
, [CV, HP, m lc]
102

Hiu sut bm (b) l t s gia cng sut hu ch Ni v cng sut ti trc bm

N.
b =

Ni
N

Hiu sut bm gm 3 thnh phn :

b=Q. H. m
Trong :

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

17

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Q : Hiu sut lu lng ( hay hiu sut th tch ) do tn tht lu lng v r r.

H : Hiu thy lc ( hay hiu sut ct p ) do tn tht v ma st trong ni bm.
m : Hiu sut c kh do tn tht v ma st gia cc b phn c kh ( bi, gi
trc . . .) v b mt ngoi ca gung ng ( bnh xe cng tc) vi cht lng (bm ly
tm).
3. c tnh ca bm.

y chng em i su tm hiu v bm ly tm v loi bm ny p ng c s

yu cu v lu lng v ct p tnh ton.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

18

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Hnh 3.1: Chiu cao ct p

Hnh 3.2: ng cong biu din lu lng v chiu cao ct p

Bm ly tm l loi bm ng hc, c cnh qut, n c s dng rt rng ri v
c ko bng ng c in. Bm ly tm ph bin v n bm c nhiu loi cht
lng khc nhau (nc lnh, nc nng, axit, kim, du, bn.) gii lu rng (t vi
l/ph n vi m3 /S), ct p km hn pittong nhng p ng trong rt nhiu lnh vc
sn xut (t di 1m n c 1000mH2O (tng ng vi p sut 100 at), cu to n
gin, gn, chc chn v r.
Bm ly tm trc khi chy phi mi nc, khi ng c ko bm quay, gung
ng c c cc cnh cong gy ra lc ly tm lm cht lng trong cc rnh b nn v
y ra v pha ui cc cnh cong vo bung trn c.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

19

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Do din tch mt ct bung trn c tng dn nn tc cht lng gim dn v mt

phn ng nng ca cht lng bin thnh p nng, dn cht lng vo ng y. Nhc
im ca bm ly tm l khng c kh nng ht nc ban u (phi mi) v lu lng
Q ph thuc vo ct p H.
L thuyt v thc nghim cho thy: khi tc quay n ca bm gi nguyn th ct
p H, cng sut N v hiu sut l hm s ca lu lng Q.
Quan h H=H(Q), N=N(Q) v = (Q) gi l cc c tnh ring ca bm.
ng cong H=H(Q), Q=Q(H) cho bit kh nng lm vic ca bm nn cn gi l
c tnh lm vic ca bm.
Cc dng ng c tnh ca bm th hin trong hnh 4.3:

Hnh 4.3: ng c tnh ca bm ly tm

Trong :
N: cng sut bm ( k hiu tng ng P)
H: Ct p
Q: lu lng nc
Nhn xt: ng c tnh N(Q) ta thy c cng sut N c tr s cc tiu khi lu
lng bng 0. Lc ny ng c truyn ng m my d dng, do vy ng tc hp l
khi m my l kha van trn ng y cho Q=0. Sau mt hai pht th m van ngay
trnh bm v cht lng b qu nng do cng sut ng c chuyn hon ton thnh
nhit nng. Hn na lc m my, dng ng c li ln nn Q0 s lm dng khi
ng qu ln c th gy nguy him cho ng c in

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

20

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

II. Bin tn Omron

1. Cc model trong h 3G3MV
in p

Cu trc bo v

danh nh
3 Pha

Loi lp trn bng

200VAC

( chun bo v IP20
)

Loi kn lp trn

Cng sut ti
ng c ti a
0.1 (0.1) kW

3G3MV-

0.25 (0.2) kW

A2001
3G3MV-

0.55 (0.4) kW

A2002
3G3MV-

1.1 (0.75) kW

A2004
3G3MV-

1.5 (1.5) kW

A2007
3G3MV-

2.2 (2.2) kW

A2015
3G3MV-

3.7 (3.7) kW

A2022
3G3MV-

5.5 (5.5) kW

A2037
3G3MV-

7.5 (7.5) kW

A2055
3G3MV-

0.1 (0.1) kW

A2075
3G3MV-

0.25 (0.2) kW

AB001
3G3MV-

0.55 (0.4) kW

AB002
3G3MV-

1.1 (0.75) kW

AB004
3G3MV-

1.5 (1.5) kW

AB007
3G3MV-

tng ( NEMA1 v
IP20 )
1 pha 200
VAC

Loi lp trn t
( chun bo v IP20
)

Model

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

21

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

3 pha 400
VAC

Loi lp trn t

KHOA K THUT IU

2.2 (2.2) kW

AB015
3G3MV-

3.7 (3.7) kW

AB022
3G3MV-

0.37 (0.2) kW

AB037
3G3MV-

0.55 (0.4) kW

A4002
3G3MV-

1.1 (0.75) kW

A4004
3G3MV-

1.5 (1.5) kW

A4007
3G3MV-

2.2 (2.2) kW

A4015
3G3MV-

3.7 (3.7) kW

A4022
3G3MV-

5.5 (5.5) kW

A4037
3G3MV-

7.5 (7.5) kW

A4055
3G3MV-

( chun bo v IP20 )

Loi kn lp trn
tng ( NEMA1 v
IP20 )

A4075
2. K hiu
* Trn mt

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

22

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

* B giao din hin th

Hin th

Tn
Hin th d liu

M t chc nng
Hin th cc d liu lin quan
nh tn s chun, tn s ra, v cc

Nm chnh tn s

gi tr t cho cc tham s
t tn s chun trong khong t
0Hz n tn s ti a

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

23

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

n bo tn s FREF

Tn s chun c th c theo di

n bo tn s ra

hay t trong khi n ny sang

Tn s ra ca bin tn c th c

FOUT
n bo dng ra IOUT

theo di khi n ny ang sng

Dng in ra ca bin tn c th
c theo di khi n ny ang

n bo MNTR

sng
Cc gi tr t trong cc thng s
U01 n U10 c th c theo

n bo chiu quay

di khi n ny ang sng

C th la chn chiu quay khi

thun nghch F/R

n ny ang sng khi thao tc

n bo ch ti

vi bin tn bng nut RUN

C th la chn hot ng ca

ch/ t xa LO/RE

bin tn theo b giao din hoc

bng cc thng s thit lp khi
n ny ang sng
Ch : trng thi ca n ny ch
c th c theo di trong khi
bin tn ang hot ng. Bt k
u vo lnh RUN no u se b
b qua trong khi n ny ang

n bo ch PRGM

sng
Cc thng s t n01 n n79 c
th c theo di khi n ny
ang sng
Ch : cc thng s ch c th
c theo di v ch mt s l c
th thay i c trong khi bin
tn ang hot ng. Bt k u

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

24

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

lnh RUN no u s b b qua

Nt ch MODE

trong khi n ny ang sang

Chuyn gia cc n ch th mc
la chn theo th t.
Thng s ang c t s b bi
b nu phm ny c nhn trc

Nt tng

khi nhp thng s

Tng s theo di thng s, s ca

Nt gim

thng s v cc gi tr t
Gim s theo di thng s, s ca

Nt Enter

thng s v cc gi tr t
Chp nhn s theo di thng s,
s ca thng s v cc gi tr bn
trong sau khi chng c t

Nt chy RUN

hay thay i
Chy bin tn khi bin tn ang
hot ng vi b giao din

Nt Stop/Reset

Dng bin tn khi thng s n06

c t cm nt Stop.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

25

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

3. S u ni dy nguyn l ca bin tn

Cc u dy mch chnh

K hiu
R/L1
S/L2
T/L3
U/T1
V/T2
W/T3

+1
+2

Tn
u vo ngun

M t
3G3MV A2: 3pha 200 230 VAC
3G3MV AB: 1 pha 200 240 VAC

u ra motor

3G3MV A4: 3 pha 380 460 VAC

u ra 3 pha iu khin motor
3G3MV AB : 3 pha
3G3MV A2 : 3 pha 200 230

3G3MV A4 : 3 pha 380

Cc u ni +1 v Ni cun khng DC trit song hi vo +1 v +2.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

26

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

+2 : u ni cun Khi dng bin tn vi ngun DC, a in DC vo

khng DC

cc u +1 v ( +1 l chn dng )

Cc u ni -1 v - :
u ni in p vo
DC
u ni t

Hy ni t u ni ny trong nhng iu kin sau:

3G3MV A2 : Ni t in tr < 100
3G3MV AB : Ni t in tr < 100
3G3MV A4 : Ni t in tr < 10 v ni
vi pha trung tnh ca ngun tun th quy nh

ca EC
Cc u dy mch iu khin

K hiu
Input S1

Tn
Quay thun/ Dng

(u
vo)

Chc nng
Mc tn hiu
Quay thun ON, Photocoupler
dng OFF

8 mA 24 VDC

S2

u vo a chc

S3

nng 1 ( S2 )
u vo a chc

nh.

S4

nng 1 ( S3 )
u vo a chc

S5

nng 3 ( S4 )
u vo a chc

cung

S6

nng 4 ( S5 )
u vo a chc

ni qua dy dng

S7

nng 1 ( S6 )
u vo a chc

SC
FS

Ch :
NPN l thit lp mc
Ni

chng

bng cch to mt
chung.

Khng

cn ngun ngoi.
cp

ngun

ngoi v ni cc u
chung hy t SW7

nng 1 ( S7 )
v PNP v ngun cp
u vo chung Chung cho S1 n
24VDC 10%
logic trnh t
S9
Ngun cp cho tn Ngun cp DC cho 20 mA 12 VDC

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

27

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

FR

s chun
tn s chun
u vo tn s u vo tn

FC

chun
chun
khng vo: 20 k )
u ni chung cho u ni chung cho
u

RP

vo

tn

s u

chun
u vo xung

vo

tn

s 0 n 10 VDC ( tr

chun
Tn s p ng: 0
36 kHz ( 30%-70%
ED)
H: 3,5 13.2 V
L: 0,8 V Max
(tr khng u vo

CN2

u vo p analog

a chc nng
u
vo
dng
analog

2,24 k )
in p vo ( gia
u 1 v 3 ): 0
10VDC

chc

Dng in vo ( gia

nng
u vo analog a

u 2 v 3 ): 4 20
mA

chc nng chung

K hiu
u MA
ra
MB

Tn
u ra tip im a
chc nng (thng m)
u ra tip im a
chc

MC

Chc nng

nng

Mc tn hiu
u ra rle
1 A max 30 VDC
1 A max 250 VAC

(thng

ng )
u ra chung tip im Chung cho MA v
a chc nng

MB

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

28

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

P1

u ra photocoupler 1 (

u ra h collector
50 mA max 48

P2

li )
u ra photocoupler 2 (

PC

li )
u ra photocoupler

VDC

chung
Pha nhn

R+
RS+
S-

RS422/485

Pha gi

AM

u ra theo di analog

u ra analog: 2

mA
AC

u ra chung theo di

Chung cho AM

analog

max

0-10

VDC

u ra xung (in

p ra max:12 VDC)
4. Hot ng c bn.
* t gi tr khi u thng s n01.
t n01 = 4 sao cho cc thng s n01 n n179 c th c t hay hin th
n01

Khi u gi tr thng s

Thay i khi ang chy

Kh
ng

Khong

0 n

n v t

Gi tr mc nh

gi tr t
11
- Cc gi tr t:
Gi tr

M t

ch n01 c th c hin th v t. n02 n n79 ch hin th

N01 n n49 c th t v hin th ( cc thit lp nhm 1 )

N01 n n79 c th t v hin th ( cc thit lp nhm 1 v 2 )

N01 n n119 c th t v hin th ( cc thit lp nhm 1 n 3 )

N01 n n179 c th c t v hin th ( cc thit lp nhm 1 n 4

)

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

29

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Xa bn ghi li

Khi u tt c cc thng s theo logic 2 dy cc thng s s quay

v gi tr mc nh

Khi u tt c cc thng s theo logic 3 dy

10

Dng cho logic 2 dy M

11

Dng cho logic 3 dy M

* t ch iu khin ( n002 )
- 3G3MV c th hot ng ch iu khin hay vector tu theo ng dng
- Cc ch ny c cc c tnh sau:
+ Ch iu khin vector
Bin tn khi ch iu khin vector s tnh ton vect ca tnh trng hot
ng ca motor. Nh c th to ra momen ti 150% nh mc tn s nh c 1
Hz. iu khin vector cho php iu khin motor mnh hn l dng iu khin V/f
v cho php trit tiu dao ng v tc bt k tnh trng ti. Thng thng nn t
ch ny.
+ Ch iu khint V/f
Ch ny thun tin khi ta thay th mt bin tn thng thng bng
3G3MV bi v bin tn c th hot ng m khng cn bit cc thng s ca motor.
Hn na, phi t bin tn ch ny nu bin tn cn phi ni vi nhiu hn 1
motor hay cc motor c bit nh motor tc cao.

- Cc gi tr t:

Ch :

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

30

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

1. Thng s ny khng c t gi tr khi u bng cch t n001 gi tr

8,9,10 hay 11. Hy thay i thng s n002 trc khi thay i ch iu khin.
2. Mt trong cc thng s sau s c t gi tr khi u theo ch iu khin
c t thng s ny. Gi tr mc nh thay i theo ch iu khin. Do vy,
hy m bo cc thng s sau sau khi t ch iu khin n002.

iu khin vector.

* Dng nh mc motor ( n36 )

t dng nh mc motor ( n36 ) trnh lm cho motor chy do qu ti.
Thng s ny c dng nh hng s iu khin vector v cho chc nng bo v
nhit bng in t pht hin qu ti ca motor ( OL1 ). Bng cch t ng thng
s, motor b qu ti s c bo v khng b chy.

* H s trt nh mc motor ( n106 )

- Thng s ny c dung lm h s iu khin vector
- Hy tnh h s trt nh mc motor t cng thc sau:
H s trt nh mc motor ( Hz ) = Tn s nh mc (Hz) - Tc quay
nh mc ( v/ph ) x S cc/120

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

31

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

* in tr gia pha v trung tnh motor ( n107 ).

- t thng s ny ca in tr gia pha v trung tnh motor hoc in tr
gia cc pha motor
- Thng s ny c dung lm h s iu khin vector

* t dng in motor khng ti ( n110 )

- t thng s ny theo % ca dng in nh mc motor
- Thng s ny c dung lm hng s iu khin vector

iu khin V/f.

* Dng nh mc motor ( n36 )

t dng nh mc motor ( n36 ) trnh lm cho motor chy do qu ti.
Thng s ny c dung cho chc nng bo v nhit bng in t pht hin qu ti
ca motor ( OL1 ). Bng cch t ng thng s, motor b qu ti s c bo v
khng b chy.

* t ng cong V/f ( n11 n n17 )

- t ng cong V/f sao cho momen u ra motor c iu chnh n mc

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

32

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

momen ti yu cu.
- 3G3MV c sn chc nng tng momen t ng. Do mt mc ti a l
150% momen bnh thng c th c a ra u ra tn s 3 Hz m khng cn
thay i thng s mc nh.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

33

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

III. Cng tc t.
Cng tc t l kh c in dng ng, ct thng xuyn cc mch in ng
lc, t xa bng tay hay t ng. Vic ng ct cng tc t c tip im c th thc
hin bng nam chm in, thu lc hay kh nn. Thng thng l loi ng ct bng
in.Vi loi cng tc t khng tip im, vic ng ct cng tc t loi ny bng
cch cho cc xung in kho hoc m cc van bn dn (thyristor, triac).
Theo dng dng in ng ct c cc loi cng tc t in mt chiu, in xoay
chiu. Cng tc t in mt chiu nam chm in ca n l loi nam chm in 1
chiu, ng ct mch mt chiu. Cng tc t in xoay chiu nam chm in ca n
l loi xoay chiu, c th ng ct mch mt chiu hay xoay chiu.
Cc tham s khi chn cng tc t:
in p nh mc Um: l in p mch in tng ng m tip im chnh
ca cng tc t phi ng ct. in p nh mc c cc cp:
- Mt chiu: 110V, 220V, 440V.
- Xoay chiu: 127V, 220V, 380V,500V.
Dng in nh mc Im: l ng in nh mc i qua tip im chnh ca
cng tc t trong ch lm vic gin on lu di, ngha l ch ny thi gian
tip im cng tc t trng thi ng khng qu 8h. ch lm vic lu di ngha
l khi tip im cng tc t lm vic lu hn 8h th dng in nh mc cng tc t
ly thp hn khong 20%. Chn cng tc t c dng cao hn.
in p cun dy Ucdm: L in p nh mc t vo cun dy.
S cc: l s cp tip im chnh cng tc t in mt chiu c mt cc hay hai
cc, cng tc t in xoay chiu c 3 cc hoc c khi c 2, 4, 5 cc.
S cp tip im ph: thng trong cng tc t c cc cp tip im ph thng

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

34

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

ng v thng m c dng in nh mc 5A hoc 10A.

Kh nng ng v kh nng ct: l gi tr dng in cho php i qua tip im
chnh khi ng Ig hoc khi ct Ing v d khi chn cng tc t dng khi ng
ng c xoay chiu 3 pha Rto lng sc cn c kh nng chu ng t 4 n 7 ln
Im.
Tui th ca cng tc t: l s ln ng ct ca cng tc t m sau s ln ng
ct y cng tc t hng v s khng dng c na. S hng ca n c th do mt
bn c, hoc bn in.
- Tui th c l s ln ng ct khng ti cho n khi hng.
- Tui th in l s ln ng ct vi ti nh mc, thng tui th in bng
1/10 n 1/5 tui th c.
Tn s ng ct: l s ln ng ct cng tc t cho php trong 1 gi.
Tnh n nh in: Cng tc t c tnh n nh in ng, ngha l tip im
chnh ca n cho php 1 dng in i qua m lc in ng sinh ra khng ph hu
mch vng dn in. Khong Imtt = 10Im .
Imtt: Dng in nh mc tnh ton ca cng tc t.
Tnh n nh nhit: cng tc t c tnh n nh nhit c ngha l khi c dng
in ngn mch chy qua trong khong thi gian cho php, cc tip im khng b
hn chy v dnh li.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

35

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

IV. Cm bin mc nc

Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi in cc E1 khng tip xc vi cht lng dn in, mch in h v khng
c dng in gia in cc E1 v E3. Do , r le X khng hot ng. Cc tip im
thng ng ca r le X vn ng (v tr b hnh v). Tuy nhin, khi cht lng chy
vo b ngp in cc E1, mch in ng li. R le X hot ng v cc thit b in
c ni vi tip im thng m (v tr a hnh v) ca r le bt u hot ng.
Bm thng c ni thng qua mt contactor, ti cc im u ra ca b iu
khin. B iu khin t ng chy my bm, iu khin mc cht lng trong
thng.
Tuy nhin trong thc t, ch vi 2 in cc, gn sng trn b mt cht lng lm cho
b iu khin khi ng bt thng lm ngn tui th ca my bm (v cc thit b
khc). Gii quyt vn ny bng cch cho thm mt in cc khc to mt mch
t gi. in cc thm vo, E2, c ni song song vi E1, nh hnh di y:

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

36

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Nh ch ra trong hnh trn, khi r le mch gi hot ng tip im a2 thng m

ng li. mch in c to thnh qua cht lng v cc in cc v c duy tr bi
E2 v E3, thm ch khi mc cht lng xung di E1, tip im a2 vn ng.
Khi mc cht lng xung di E2, mch to ra qua in cc h, r le X khng hot
ng, v th tim im thng ng ca r le X ng li.

Model thng dng

- 61F-G-AP AC110/220
iu khin cp nc 2 mc ON-OFF
- 61F-G1-AP AC110/220
iu khin cp x nc 2 mc ON-OFF, Bo cn nc,chng bm chy khng
ti.
- 61F-G2 AC110/220
iu khin cp x nc 2 mc ON-OFF, Bo ng mc cao.
- 61F-G3 AC110/220
iu khin cp x nc 2 mc ON-OFF, Bo ng mc thp, cao.
- 61F-G4 AC110/220
iu khin cp x nc 2 mc ON-OFF, Bo ng mc thp, cao, chng bm
chy khng ti.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

37

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Chng 5. TNH CHN CC THIT B IU KHIN,

THIT B CHP HNH V THIT B BO V.
I. La chn cm bin mc nc.
1. 61F-G-AP

Ngun cp: 110/220VAC

in p in cc: 8VAC
Khong cch cp ni in cc: 1km max.
Ng ra: Cng tc 5A, 220VAC (ti thun tr)
Nhit lm vic: -10oC~55oC
Tui th: in: 500 000 ln ti thiu; C: 5 000 000 ln ti thiu

2. 61F-G1-AP
di cp: Ti a 1 km
Tip im rle u ra: 5A, 220VAC
Ch th: n LED
Ngun 110/220 VAC
Di in p hot ng: 85% ti 110% ca in p nh mc. u o l cc thanh
kim loi( electrodes) bng thp khng r, hoc hp kim, titan dung cho cht lng n
mn. Tui th d tnh:
+ in: ti thiu 500.000 ln hot ng
+ C: ti thiu 5.000.000 ln hot ng
C b chng xung v chng st cm ng. Tin li cho loi cht lng dn in.

II. La chn thit b bo v.

trn ta tnh c cng sut bm l 4.96 kW, in p nh mc 380/220, h s
cos = 0.86.

Dng nh mc ca ng c l
Im =

Pm
=
3U m cos

4.96 10 3
3 380 0.86

= 8,763 ( A)

Vy ta chn aptomat 3 pha ca hng ABB c cc thng s nh sau:

in p nh mc Um = 400 V
Dng nh mc Im = 10 A.

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

38

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

III. La chn thit b ng lc.

1.
Bm
Ta chn my bm c cc thng s sau:
My bm 3 pha in p 380/220 VAC
Chn my bm Pentax CM32/160B 5.5kw.
Cc thng s chnh: L = 9-36 m3/h
H = 47-33m
V = 2900 rmp
2.
La chn bin tn.
T tnh ton trn ta chn bm c cng sut 5,5 kW nn ta chn bin tn 3 pha
400 VAC ca Omron loi lp trn t, chun bo v IP20, cng sut ti ng c ti a
l 5,5kW.
3.
La chn cng tc t cho mch ng lc
trn ta chn c bm c dng nh mc l 8,763 A, in p nh mc l 380
VAC nn ta chn cng tc t c in p ht l 400 VAC, dng nh mc ca cng tc
t l:
ImCT = 10.ImB = 8,763A

IV. Chn thit b iu khin.

La chn rle trung gian, contactor mch iu khin:

trn ta chn c bm c dng nh mc l 8,763 A, nn ta chn cng

tc t c in p ht l 220 VAC, dng nh mc ca cng tc t l:
ImCT >= ImB = 10 A.
Ta chn rle trung gian c in p ht l 220 VAC, dng nh mc r le 10A

Ti liu tham kho

1. Trang B in in T My Cng Nghip Dng Chung
V Quang Hi, Nguyn Vn Cht, Lin Anh - NXB Gio Dc

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

39

HC VIN K THUT QUN S

KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

2. Gio Trnh K Thut iu Khin ng C in

V Quang Hi NXB Gio Dc
3. Gio Trnh Kh C in
Phm Vn Chi, Bi Tn, Nguyn Tn
4. Gio Trnh o Lng in v Cm Bin o Lng
Nguyn Vn Ha, Bi ng Thnh, Hong S Hng NXB Gio Dc
5. Gio Trnh Cp Thot Nc
KS. Trng Min - KS. V nh Du NXB Xy Dng
6. www.bientan.com.vn

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

40