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Thc phm l nhu cu cn thit cho s sng v pht trin ca loi ngi. Thi k s khai, thc phm n gin c v phng php ch bin v bo qun. Khi khoa hc k thut pht trin nhanh chng th vic ch bin lng thc thc phm cng c nhng bc tin ln. Ngnh cng nghip thc phm ra i gp phn lm tng cht lng, gi tr cng nh thi gian bo qun ca thc phm. Nhng thnh tu mi nht ca khoa hc k thut c con ngi ng dng vo sn xut v ch bin lng thc, thc phm. Hu ht cc loi thc phm sau ch bin u b nh hng bi cc yu t bn ngoi nh nc, t, bi, oxi, vi sinh vt..V vy chng phi c cha ng trong cc bao b kn. Bao b ca thc phm ng vai tr quan trng trong vic to ra s sn c cho sn phm v gi cho sn phm khng b mt i thnh phn dinh dng ca n. N cng gip cho vic vn chuyn cc loi thc phm tr nn d dng v hiu qu hn t ni sn xut n tay ngi tiu dng. Trn bao b khch hng cng c th nm c cc thng tin v thnh phn dinh dng ca sn phm cng nh cc thng tin khc. Ngy nay, bao b c s dng nh l cng c tip th t c gi tr gia tng cho sn phm. Ring i vi ngnh CNTP th t l chi ph cho bao b ngy cng cao so vi tng chi ph sn xut thc phm ss. T a n s cnh tranh cao nhm gim gi thnh sn phm v yu cu vt liu bao b t tnh nng cao. S chuyn bin c tnh chin lc ca cng ngh thc phm yu cu ngnh bao b pht trin mnh m v lng cng nh v cht vi mng nguyn liu plastic n, mng phc hp, lon thp trng thic, chai l nha, chai l thy tinh, ba cng cc loi... Cng vi s pht trin ca x hi loi ngi th nhu cu tm kim cc vt liu thay th cho cc vt liu c gy nhim mi trng l rt cn thit. Vi c im nh, bn, tin li, d trang tr, chng c cc va chm c hc v c bit l thn thin vi mi trng, bao b giy c s dng rt rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc v ng vai tr quan trng trong vic bao gi, vn chuyn cc sn phm thc phm. Tm hiu v bao b giy, chng ta s bit c nhiu li ch, chc nng v s a dng ca loi bao b ny trong nghnh ch bin, bo qun thc phm cng nh trong i sng.
CHNG I : S LC V BAO B THC PHM I. nh ngha, phn loi bao b 1.1. nh ngha bao b :
Bao b l vt cha ng, bao bc thc phm thnh n v l bn. Bao b c th bao gm nhiu lp bao bc, c th ph kn hon ton hay ch bao bc mt phn sn phm.
- m bo thc phm c cha bn trong khng thay i v khi lng hay th tch. - Cht lng ca sn phm thc phm phi lun c m bo trong sut thi hn s dng ca sn phm: + Thc phm sau khi ch bin phi c ng bao b kn nhm trnh tc ng ca mi trng bn ngoi ln sn phm. + Tc nhn bn ngoi c th l: Nc, hi nc, khng kh (c cha O2), VSV, t, ct, bi, cn trng v cc tc nhn vt l khc... VSV xm nhp vo thc phm thng qua s xm nhp ca nc, hi nc, khng kh t ct c a vo thc phm cng vi s xm nhp ca cn trng nh sng l tc nhn xc tc cho 1 s phn v mu, mi ca thc phm. Nh vy bao b kn cha ng thc phm, thc hin nhim v phng chng tt c cc tc ng bn ngoi.S phng chng ny ty thuc vo vt liu lm bao b, phng php ng gi v mi hn ghp m, hoc mi ghp gia cc b phn nh thn v np, bn vng ca bao b ngoi.
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3.2. Thng tin, gii thiu sn phm, thu ht ngi tiu dng:
Bao b cha ng thc phm cng thc hin nhim v truyn ti thng tin ca nh sn xut n tay ngi tiu dng, ni ln gi tr ca sn phm v mt dinh dng, trng thi, cu trc, mi v, ngun nguyn liu, nh sn xut, quc gia ch bin ra sn phm. - Cch trnh by hnh nh, mu sc, thng hiu, tn sn phm chnh l s thu ht ca sn phm i vi ngi tiu dng. Bao b phi lun c trnh by vi hnh thc p, ni bt v trang tr hi ha, thch hp vi th hiu ca ngi tiu dng. - Bao b c mt phn hoc hon ton trong sut cho php nhn thy thc phm bn trong, gip khch hng c s la chn d dng. i vi thc phm cn trnh nh hng tc ng ca nh sng th bao b c cu to che chn mt phn hay ton b nh sng. VD: V sao sa ti ng gi trong hp giy? Nhiu nghin cu cho thy cc loi vitamin quan trng rt nhy cm vi nh sng. c bit, nh sng mt tri rt nguy hi vi vitamin v nh sng t n hunhquang cc quy hng ti ca hng bn l cng to ra nhng tc ng khng nh. Nghin cu vi vitamin A cho thy lng vitamin ny mt i 50% khi trc tip di nh n hunh quang trong 6h, vitamin B2 gim 40% trong vng 12h, vitamin C cng gim st. S dng loi bao b khng troong sut nh hp giy s gip lm gim ng k s mt i ca vitamin.
dng c ct nh dao, ko. Trn bao b kn hay h, trc tip hay gin tip u c ghi m s m vch, gip cng tc qun l v s lng chng loi hiu qu. Hin nay cng tc qun l c n gin v chnh xc nh vo h thng m s m vch, my scan v h thng vi tnh, d liu c nhp v truy xut 1 cch nhanh chng v chnh xc.
Nm 1803: My sn xut giy lin tc u tin c cp bng sng ch. + Nm 1854: Ti Anh ln u tin bt giy t g c sn xut. + Nm 1871: Giy gp np ln u tin xut hin nh vt liu bao b cho thy tinh v ng khi n du. + Nm 1894: Carton sng c x rnh v ct lm thnh cc thng u tin. Cty Well Fargo bt u s dng thng carton sng cho vic vn chuyn cc kin hng nh bng ng bin. + Nm 1903: Carton sng ln u tin c chp thun l vt liu dng vn chuyn ng thy hp l v thng dng vn chuyn ng cc. Ngy nay,bao b giy c s dugj rng ri trong cng nghip thc phm v i sng.
b. Nhc im: + D rch, thm nc, thm kh, kh nng chng xuyn thm km. + Khng chu c mi trng m, khi b m bn c hc gim i nhanh chng. m cho php m bo tnh bn ca giy l 6 7%. + Quy cch c quy nh bi trng lng trn 1 n v din tch giy: g/m2.
3.3. c tnh ca nguyn liu: Thnh phn chnh ca cc t bo g: - Cellulose - Hemicellulose - Lignin
Cu to:
a. G thn mm: - C cu to t 40 - 50% cellulose, 15 - 25% hemicellulose, 26 30% lignin. - Cu to si cellulose di gp 2,5 ln so vi g thn cng. - C bn c hc hn so vi g thn cng. - Phi ct g sao cho khng ph v si cellulose v phi loi b lignin tch si cellulose v gip chng sp xp song song. - Si cellulose c th b gy nt trong cc cng on ch bin giy. - Si cellulose c th c sp xp li v tr bng p sut. - C th dng ph gia nh casein, protein u nnh hoc tinh bt to lp o bn ngoi tm giy. - Ngy nay, nh tin b k thut m giy c x l p ng tt c cc mc ch s dng khc nhau. b. Cc loi giy bao gi lm bao b thc phm: - Ngi ta dng giy c trng 1 mng plastic hoc mng plastic vi Al l chng thm kh nhm ngn cn tc ng ca mi trng ngoi ln thc phm. - Giy ba cng, giy kraft dng lm ba carton gn sng chim lng cao, giy dng gi thc phm chim s lng nh. - Ngoi ra, giy ba cng cn dng lm hp, lm ti ng qu .
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Mng Cellulose
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Giy thm du
Giy lc du
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Giy gi da th k 16 ca Php
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Giy bng m Giy bng knh phn ln l chng thm km hn so vi giy sunphua ha hoc giy khng thm m, c th c dng nh giy bao gi thc phm, bnh ko, hoa, ch to phong b cho giao dch..
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- D dng kt dnh cc mt cn li nn khng tn cng sc trong vic to hnh. - Khng gy nhim mi trng, thng c sn xut bng giy ti sinh. b. Nhc im: - D thm nc, thmdu. - Khng ngn cch c sn phm hon ton vi khng kh. Trong trng hp mun kn hon ton phi dng kt hp vi cc loi bao b khc. Nu x l khng c k th c kh nng b vi sinh vt xm nhp vo bao b. c. ng dng: - Dng lm hp, thng, khay ng thcphm. - Thng c lm bng thng ng bn ngoi cc loi bao b khc. Trong mt vi trng hp cng c lm bao b trc tip tip xc vi sn phm thc phm. - c phi trn vi cc loi vt liu khc to nn nhng tnh nng mi cho bao b nh: khng thm nc, khng thm du.
3.5.1. Giy ba c :
- Bao b c sn xut bng phng thc c (moulded paper packaging : MPP). - Sn xut bng giy ti sinh. - Thng c dng sn xut cc khay ng trng, ng tri cy, hoc cc chai nh. Quy trnh snxut: - Giy c bin thnh bt nho di tcng ca nc, cho thm mu khi sn xut bao b mu) hoc thm sp khi sn xut bao b khng thm nc vo bt giy). - Bt nho c chia lm 2 phn: mt phn to thnh mt dng li c nhng l kch c bng nhau; mt phn c trt ln cc l v dng p lc nn vo khun. - Sau khi to hnh, ton b y khay c nhng vo bt nho to thnh mt lp mng u, p xung quanh. - Khay c lm xong vn cn m s c em i sy kh.
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Bao b ng trng
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a. u, nhc im: u im ca carton: Tng i r tin sn xut v s dng. Trng lng nh, d dng ct hoc un. Chu lc nn, bc tt. a dng kiu dng, mu m thng hoc hp. Phong ph mu sc mu in vi cng ngh in Flexo & Offset. H tr nhiu kiu lp rp (ng ghim, dn, gi). Nh gn, d dng xp li lu tr dng phng. Bo v tt thc phm, chng thm tt (cn chng thm). D dng m ph b mt, d dng dp ni (hp). D dng sa cha, thay i kiu dng ban u. D dng x l, ti sinh. D dng phn hy sinh hc, thn thin mi trng. Nhc im ca carton: Cht lng gim dn theo thi gian lu tr, s dng. K nc v k la. b. ng dng: - Vi trng lng nh, kh nng chu lc cao, hp, thng Carton c dng cha v bo v hng lot cc sn phm trong sut chu k phn phi. Khch hng s thy thng Carton mang cc thit b ln nh khc nhau nh ph tng xe, thit b nng - cng nghip, bia, ru, tri cy, thc phm v ch l 1 phn trong nhng ng dng ca thng Carton. - Nhn bit Giy ba Carton: bao gm mt mt trng v mt mt xm, hoc c hai mt trng.
Hp carton lu tr tp ch
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c im ca cc loi gn sng:
+ Loi gn sng A: C bc sng di v chiu cao sng cao c c tnh chu lc va chm tt, ng thi sng A chu lc phn tn trn b mt tm t np ti y l tt nht trong cc loi sng (Sng C t hn khong 15% v sng B l khong 25%). Giy ny dng ng gi cc loi hng ha c th b nh hng bi va chm c hc.
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+ Loi gn sng B: c bc sng ngn v chiu cao sng thp, c kh nng chu va chm c hc, c bit c kh nng chu ti trng nng. D giy ba gn sng kiu B ch yu c dng ng gi cc hng ha c ti trng cao nh hp. Sng B l loi sng cho b mt phng tt nht (nhiu hn khong 50% so vi sng A, v khong 25% so vi sng C).
+ Loi gn sng C: kt hp nhng cs tnh ca loi A v B nn c tnh nng chu c ti trng v va chm. Loi sng ph bin nht hin nay l sng C. Thay th phn ln sng A nh rnh t hn sng A khong 15%.
+ Loi gn sng E: c bc sng ngn v chiu cao sng rt thp nn kh nng chu ti trng cng nh va chm u rt km. Sng E l loi sng rt mng, thng c dng cho thng ng cc vt nh hoc gi . Sng E thng l giy mu trng vi nhiu mu sc in bn ngoi.
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a. Bao b carton 1 lp Hp giy 1 lp c kt cu 1 lp giy. Nguyn liu ch yu l giy Duplex trng c nh lng t 250-400g/m2
Bao b carton 2 lp
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c. Bao b carton 3 lp (1 lp mt + 1 lp sng + 1 lp y) Hp giy 3 lp c kt cu : 3 lp giy gm mt lp giy mt,mt lp giy sng sng trung bnh gia v mt lp giy y. Thc t c hn 90% thng carton s dng Tm carton dng 3 lp ny. Nguyn liu ch yu c s dng t giy Kraft vng n giy Duplex trng c nh lng t 130 180g/m2
c. Bao b carton 5 lp (1 lp mt + 3 lp sng + 1 lp y) Hp giy 5 lp c kt cu : c kt cu 35 lp giy: mt lp giy mt, hai lp giy sng, mt lp y cch gia hai lp sng v mt lp y. Nguyn liu ch y c s dng t giy Kraft vng n giy Duplex trng c nh lng t 130 180g/m2. Dng ny c dng cho cc ng dng cn chu lc cao. c bit c dng lm bao b xut khu.
d. Bao b carton 7 lp (1 lp mt + 5 lp sng + 1 lp y): Thng carrton 7 lp l loi thng c cu to bi hai lp giy mt, ba lp giy sng v hai lp giy lt gia trong . Tng cng l 7 lp giy Loi thng ny c sn xut trn cc loi giy Vit Nam, giy i Loan, giy Thi. Ch mt vi nh sn xut lm loi tm carton ny. c s dng ch yu trong ngnh cng nghip cn chu lc tht cao.
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3.7. Bao b hn hp
Loi bao b hn hp bap gm s c mt ca nhiu lp bao b kt hp vi nhau,trong bao b giy l thnh phn ch yu gp phn to nn cc loi bao b hn hp. *** Giy c trng ph cc mng plastic hoc mng nhm - Ngi ta dng giy c trng 1 mng plastic hoc mng plastic vi Al l chng thm kh nhm ngn cn tc ng ca mi trng ngoi ln thc phm. - Giy ny c kh nng chng thm kh hi rt cao mt trong ln mt ngoi nhm ngn cn hn ton tc ng ca mi trng ln thc phm. - u im ca loi bao b ny l siu nh nhng bn v dai.(v d bao b sa tit trng cc loi..) - Bao b giy c th bo qun tt vitamin, dng cht hn cc loi bao b khc khi b phn hu di nh sng mt tri. Theo cc chuyn gia, lng vitamin ng trong chai thu tinh gim i 40% khi b chiu sng trong vng 12 gi nhng vi Bao b giy, vitamin khng h b suy gim. Ngun nguyn liu trng b mt giy chng thm bao gm: Du ha c sn xut t du m th hoc t thn nu. Du ny c thm cao v im nng chy nm gia 52 -560C. N c thm vo giy bng cch ngm giy vo du dng lng, hoc phun n ln b mt giy. Sp hay parafin rn l nguyn liu c ngun gc t cng ngh tinh lc du ha c un n im nng chy trn 800oC v thm thu vo giy hoc phun ln giy.
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Mng polyetylen hay polypropylene ph ln b mt giy hoc thm thu dng nha lng. Loi giy c nng cao tnh chng thm bng nha thng c dng trong sn xut giy ba gn sng v giy ba cng lm nhng bao b vn chuyn Nhng vt liu plastic khc nh polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylaxetat, polyvinylacrylat, cellulose, ete, latex, thng c dng lm cc bao b p mt. Nhng vt liu ny thng c ph ln mt giy v c p nhit. Giy c x l nh vy gi l giy trng b mt, c tnh khng thm nc hay m. L nhm cng thng c dng cng vi giy. V d: giy ci tin c lm thnh 3 lp : Lp th nht thng l giy, lp gia l nhm v lp th 3 l lp polyetylen. Cui cng sn phm l mt vt liu bn chc c th chng thm hi nc v hi ga v rt thch hp cho bao b thc phm. V d : Cu to hp sa:
Cu to: - V hp c xp thnh 6 lp khc nhau, 6 lp ca bao b giy c thit k mi lp u c nhng tc dng nht nh trong vic bo v thc phm. - Lp th nht nm trong cng, tip xc vi thc phm th c lm t polyetylen v bao bc kn thc phm. - Lp th hai c lm t polyetylen v ng vai tr kt dnh lp mt v lp th ba. - Lp th ba l lp nhm, c nhim v lm ro chn chng li cc
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nh hng c hi ca khng kh v nh sng. - Lp th t c lm t nilon v c nhim v kt dnh lp th ba v lp th nm - Lp th nm l lp giy ba to hnh dng v d cng cho hp giy . - Lp th su c lm t nilon c tc dng ngn cn m t bn ngoi xm nhp vo.
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+ in thoi: +(84)-650-3567745-46 + Fax: +(84)-650-3567747 - (Y) khu cng nghip Yn Phong,x Yn Trung,huyn Yn Phong,tnh Bc Ninh.Vit Nam + in thoi: +(84)-241-3699000 + Fax: +(84)-241-3699111 Theo bn quyn tp on ORION,Hn Quc Thnh phn v hm lng cc cht trong sn phm: trng, bt m, ng, shortening, sorbiton (E420), mch nha, ng isomalto - oligo, sa bt nguyn kem, bt lng trng, Dextrin (E1400), du nnh Hir ha,Canxicacbonat (E 170i), Mui ,Gm xanthan (E415), glucono delta lacton (E575), gelatin, natri bicacbonat(E500ii), cn thc phm(< 1%). Thi im sn xut: 31/01/2011. Hn s dng: 30/11/2011 Cch ng m np: hp bng ba cng c dn keo ming nn d dng ng m. Cch bo qun : bo qun ni thong mt, trnh nh nng mt tri. Cch s dng : dng trc tip, nn dng ngay sau khi bnh c m. Cc k hiu quy c: khuyn khch ti s dng, gi gn v sinh mi trng. M vch cc loi sn phm Hnh nh thit k trn bao b c php lut bo v, trnh trng hp cc i th cnh tranh sao chp hay lm gi sn phm. Cc thng tin ghi trn bao b u phi c vit bng ting Vit do sn phm ang c bn trn th trng Vit Nam, phc v ngi Vit Nam. Ngoi ra cn c mt phn c dch ra ting Anh. y l yu t th hin mong mun m rng th trng ca nh sn xut, hng n i tng l ngi nc ngoi. M vch ca sn phm: 8 936036 020 137
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LI KT
Theo xu th pht trin ca x hi, bao b dn vt ln chc nng c truyn ca n l bao gi, tr thnh mt trong nhng yu t trng tm a sn phm thc phm ca nh sn xut ti gn ngi tiu dng hn. iu ny lm thc y cnh tranh, tng gi tr s dng ca sn phm. Vi nhng c tnh vt tri m bao b kim loi mang li, cc doanh nghip phn no khng nh thng hiu ca mnh v gp phn a cng nghip thc phm c nhng bc tin xa hn. Bn cnh , mt ngnh thc phm tin tin, v sc kho ca cng ng, v mt mi trng xanh cng chnh l mc tiu chng ta cn t ti. Chng ta nn quan tm nghin cu ci tin bao b ni chung v bao b Giy ni ring ngy cng tr nn thn thin vi mi trng .
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