Nguyn liu cho sn xut xng sinh hc: xut t thc tin Vit Nam (tt)

Sn xut ethanol t ma Hin nay, Vit Nam c khong 300.000 ha trng ma. Nng sut trung bnh ca nguyn liu ma mc 55,3 tn/ha. Con s ny ch t c mc 67% nng sut trung bnh ca th gii. Nhng ging ma

nng sut cao (nh ging ma ROC Qu ng, Vit ng, i ng...) ch c trng trn 30% din tch t trng ma v hu ht cc ging ny c canh tc trn t khng c ti tiu ch ng. Nu nng sut trung bnh c th tng ln 65 tn/ha vi hm lng ng 11 th sn lng ma d tha cung cp cho sn xut ethanol s ln ti 6 triu tn. Nu nng sut trung bnh t 80 tn/ ha vo nm 2020 th s p ng c 6,5 triu tn ma cho sn xut ethanol. Trng ma ng khng gy ra bt c tc ng xu no ti mi trng. Tuy nhin, s dng ma sn xut NLSH c th gy ra nhng nh

hng khng mong mun bi mi lt ethanol c sn xut ra th cn 30 lt nc. La chn ma ng sn xut ethanol nc ta cng cn phi xem xt n kha cnh ng cng l thc phm cn thit cho an ninh lng thc v ma l loi cy cn nhiu nc ti tiu. Sn xut ethanol t sn Sn l mt loi nguyn liu tim nng cho sn xut ethanol. Hin nay, nng dn trng c rt nhiu ging sn mi t tiu chun v c nng sut v s lng v c hm lng tinh bt cao (hn 25%). Din tch t trng sn c m rng trong nhng nm gn y do nhu

cu cao v sn ca cc nh my tinh bt v cc doanh nghip xut khu sn lt kh. Thng k ca Cc Trng trt cho bit, nm 2009 sn lng sn nc ta t gn 9,5 triu tn. Trong , 90% xut khu sang Trung Quc, 5,5% xut khu sang i Loan di dng sn lt kh v phn cn li cung cp cho hn 300 nh my ch bin tinh bt trong nc. Trng sn v nhng mc tiu khc c khuyn khch m rng trn din tch t trng hin ti. Nng sut hin ti Vit Nam ch 16 tn/ha, thp hn hn so vi cc nc khc (hn 50 tn/ha). Nu Vit Nam s dng cc loi phn

bn ph hp, ti tiu ch ng v chn lc cho t canh tc th sn lng sn c th tng gp i. xut t thc tin Trong qu trnh bc u pht trin sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh v phn phi ethanol, cc doanh nghip sn xut v kinh doanh mt hng ny mong mun Nh nc sm xc nh ngun nguyn liu chin lc sn xut ethanol Vit Nam l g c chnh sch c th kch thch vng nguyn liu cng nh cc chnh sch n by khuyn khch nng dn, nh u t tham gia gp vn bng gi tr quyn s dng t, chia li nhun theo t l gp vn cho ngi trng

sn. Hp tc trng sn bng hnh thc h tr vn, ging, phn bn, bao tiu sn phm. Ring i vi khu vc min ni c th u t trn gi, tr lng cho ngi dn theo hng tr lng cho cng nhn nng nghip. Lp qu bo him ri ro cho vng nguyn liu sn. Trnh lp li vic cnh tranh khc lit v thiu ht ngun nguyn liu nh xy ra mt s ngnh khc. Nn chng cn lut ha l trnh s dng NLSH ni chung v ethanol ni ring. Nh nc nn quy nh mc thi gian c th cho vic bt u s dng xng sinh hc cc doanh nghip sn xut -t, cc nh sn xut v cung ng nhin liu cng

nh ngi dn c nh hng tiu dng r rng. y chnh l c hi ln pht trin trng trt, cung cp nguyn liu sn xut cn, to doanh thu cho c vng nguyn liu sn xut cn v NLSH t 1,9 t USD vo nm 2020. l trnh s dng NLSH c tnh kh thi, khng th xy dng theo xut ca mt vi c s m phi l kt qu ca s trao i, thng nht gia tt c cc bn c quyn li v ngha v lin quan, m c th l: Gia c quan qun l nh nc, doanh nghip sn xut - cung ng nhin liu, doanh nghip sn xut nhp khu xe c gii v doanh nghip kinh doanh vn ti (ngi

khai thc s dng). Vic ban hnh tiu chun, quy chun k thut NLSH cng nn theo phng thc chuyn i t tiu chun thng dng sn c ca quc t. Nh nc cn ban hnh mt cch ng b cc c ch, chnh sch c th (vay vn, thu, tr gi...) khuyn khch vic trng cc loi cy nguyn liu. Vic u t sn xut NLSH cng nh s dng NLSH ph hp vi l trnh c lut ha v quan trng nht l gi cng nh h thng phn phi ca NLSH tht s 'hp dn' vi ngi tiu dng trong khi cht lng t tiu chun quc t. Ngoi ra, cn c vo l trnh c lut ha, ngnh giao thng m

c th l cc nh sn xut v nhp khu xe c trch nhim ch ng t chc trin khai v cng b rng ri danh sch loi -t, xe my c kh nng s dng c NLSH. iu kin Vit Nam rt ph hp cho sn xut NLSH t ngun nng lng sinh khi. NLSH bio-ethanol c th c sn xut t la, ng, sn, khoai lang v ma ng cn bio-diesel th c ch bin t nhng loi cy ly du nh lc, u tng, vng, cy hng dng, da v bng. Tuy nhin, nhng sn phm ny ng thi l thc phm ca con ngi v gia sc. Hin nay, gi lng thc tng cao gy nguy c lm pht trong nc v quc t.

ng thi, din tch t trng ngy cng b thu hp ang tr thnh mt vn mang tnh thch thc. An ninh lng thc quc gia phi c t ln hng u, v vy trong s cc loi cy nng nghip trn ch c sn v ma ng l c tim nng ln cho sn xut pht trin NLSH. Da vo cc nghin cu, phn tch t nhiu nm qua, Tp on Du kh Vit Nam (PVN) chn sn lm nguyn liu chnh sn xut ethanol v a ra 'K hoch v chng trnh trin khai cc d n NLSH n nm 2015, tm nhn n nm 2025' vi ni dung chnh: pht trin, sn xut, ch bin, kinh

doanh v phn phi cc loi NLSH thng qua Tng Cng ty Du Vit Nam (PV OIL). Ba nh my sn xut ethanol do PVN cng cc n v thnh vin u t c tng cng sut 240 triu lt/nm s i vo hot ng t nm 2011. c nguyn liu sn xut, PV OIL s lin kt vi Vin Khoa hc k thut Vit Nam a ging sn v k thut canh tc mi, nng sn lng sn bnh qun t 18.000 - 25.000 tn/nm vo nm 2015. ng thi, PV OIL cng nghin cu ging ma cao sn v p dng k thut canh tc tin b t nng sut 70 - 90 tn/ha vo nm 2015