PHNG TRNH LNG GIC.

A:L THUYT .
1/Phng trnh lng gic c bn .
Sin u = sin v
2
2
u v k
u v k

( k Z )
Cos u = cos v u = t v + k2 . ( k Z )
tgu = tgv u = v + k ( k Z )
cotgu = cotgv u = v + k ( k Z )
2/ Phng trnh c bit :
sinx = 0 x = k , sinx = 1 x =
2

+ k2 ,sinx = -1 x = -
2

+ k2
cosx = 0 x =
2

+ k , cosx = 1 x = k2 , cosx = -1 x = + k2 .
3/ Phng trnh bc nht i vi sinx v cosx .
L phng trnh c dng : acosx + bsinx = c (1)hay asinx + bcosx = c (2).
trong a
2
+ b
2
0
Cch 1: acosx + bsinx = c
2 2
.cos( ) a b x + = c vi
2 2
cos
a
a b

+
asinx +bcosx = c
2 2
.sin( ) a b x + + = c vi
2 2
cos
a
a b

+
.
C ch 2 :
Xt phng trnh vi x = + k , k Z
Vi x + k t t = tg
2
x
ta c phng trnh bc hai theo t :
(c + b)t
2
2at + c a = 0 hay (c + b )t
2
2at + c b = 0.
Ch : pt(1) hoc pt( 2) c nghim a
2
+ b
2
- c
2
0 .
B i tp :Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1. 3 cos sin 2 x x , 2. cos 3 sin 1 x x
3.
3
3sin3 3 cos9 1 4sin 3 x x x + , 4.
4 4
1
sin cos ( )
4 4
x x

+ +
5. cos7 sin5 3(cos5 sin7 ) x x x x , 6. 3cot 4(sin 3 cos ) tgx gx x x +
4/ Phng trnh ch cha mt hm s lng gic :
Phng trnh ch cha mt hm s lng gic l phng trnh c dng : f[u(x)] = 0
vi u(x) = sinx hay u(x) = cosx hay u(x) = tgx hay u(x) = cotgx.
t t = u(x) ta c phng trnh f(t) = 0 .
B i tp : Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a. 2cos
2
x +5sinx 4 = 0 , b. 2cos2x 8cosx +5 = 0
c. 2cosx.cos2x = 1+cos2x + cos3x d. 2(sin
4
x + cos
4
x) = 2sin2x 1
e.sin
4
2x + cos
4
2x = 1 2sin4x f.
2
4
cos cos
3
x
x
5/ Phng trnh ng cp theo sinx v cosx :
a/ Phng trnh ng cp bc hai : asin
2
x +b sinx cosx + c cos
2
x = 0 .
Cch 1 :
Xt phng trnh khi x =
2

+ k .
Vi x
2

+ k chia hai v ca phng trnh cho cos

2
x ri t t = tgx.
C ch 2 : Thay sin
2
x =
1
2
(1 cos 2x ), cos
2
x =
1
2
(1+ cos 2x) ,
sinxcosx =
1
2
sin2x ta c phng trnh bc nht theo sin2x v cos2x .
b/ Phng trnh ng cp bc cao :
Dng phng php t n ph t = tgx sau khi xt phng trnh trong trng hp x =
2

+ k ,kZ.
B i tp :
1. 2sin
2
x 5sinx.cosx cos
2
x = - 2
2. 3sin
2
x + 8sinxcosx + ( 8 3 - 9)cos
2
x = 0
3. 4sin
2
x +3 3 sin2x 2cos
2
x = 4
4. 6sinx 2cos
3
x = 5sin2x.cosx.
6/ Phng trnh i xng dng : a( cosx + sinx ) + b sinxcosx + c = 0 .
t t = cosx + sinx , iu kin 2 2 t khi sinxcosx =
2
1
2
t
Ta a phong trnh cho v phng trnh bc hai theo t .
1
Ch : nu phng trnh c dng :a( cosx - sinx ) + b sinxcosx + c = 0
t t = cosx - sinx , iu kin 2 2 t khi sinxcosx =
2
1
2
t
B i tp : gii cc phng trnh sau :
1. 3(sinx + cosx ) +2sin2x + 3 = 0
2. sin2x 12( sinx cosx ) = -12
3. 2(cosx + sinx) = 4sinxcosx +1
4. sin2x 12( sinx + cosx )+12 = 0
5. cosx sinx 2sin2x 1 = 0
7/ Cc phng php gii phng trnh lng gic thng dng :
Cc bc gii mt phng trnh lng gic:
B1: Tm iu kin (nu c) ca n s hai v ca phng trnh c ngha
B2: S dng cc php bin i tng ng a phng trnh cho v phng trnh bit cch gii .
B3: Gii phng trnh v chn ph hp.
B4: kt lun
a/ Phng php1: Bin i pt v phng trnh bit cch gii
b/ Phng php 2: Bin i phng trnh cho v dng tich1 s .
c / Phng php3: Bin i phng trnh v dng c th t n ph.
B. BI TP PHNG TRNH LNG GIC TRONG CC THI:
I . PHNG PHP T N PH
B i 1 : Gii cc phng trnh sau :
1/ cos 2x + 3cosx +2 = 0 , 2/ 2+ cos 2x = - 5sinx , 3/ 6 4cos
2
x 9sinx = 0,
4/ 2cos 2x + cosx = 1 , 5/ 2tg
2
x + 3 =
3
cos x
, 6/ 4sin
4
+12cos
2
x = 7
B i 2 : gii cc phng trnh sau :
1/ 4(sin3x cos 2x ) = 5(sinx 1) . HD : t t =sinx
2/
2
4
cos cos
3
x
x
S : x = k3 , x= t
4

+k3 , x = t
5
4

+k3
3/ 1+ sin
2
x
sinx - cos
2
x
sin
2
x = 2cos
2
(
4

2
x
) S: sinx =1 v sin
2
x
= 1
4/ 1+ 3tgx = 2sin 2x HD : t t = tgx , S : x = -
4

+ k
5/ 2cos 2x 8cosx + 7 =
1
cos x
S : x = k2 , x = t
3

+k2
6/ sin2x(cotgx +tgx ) = 4cos
2
x S : cosx = 0 , cos 2x =
1
2

7/ 2cos
2
2x +cos 2x = 4sin
2
2xcos
2
x
8/ cos 3x cos 2x = 2
9/ 4sinx + 2cos x =2 + 3tgx HD :t t = tg
2
x

10/ sin2x+ 2tgx = 3
11/ sin
2
x + sin
2
3x = 3cos
2
2x HD :t t =cos 2x


12/ tg
3
( x -
4

) = tgx - 1 S : x = k v x =
4

+ k
13/ sin 2x cos 2x = 3sinx + cosx 2 HD : a v phng trnh bc hai theo sinx.
14/ sin2x + cos 2x + tgx = 2 S : x =
4

+ k
15/ cos3x 2cos 2x + cosx = 0
II. PHNG TRNH NG CP BC n THEO SINX ,COSX.
Gii cc phng trnh sau :
1/ sin
2
x + 2sin 2x 3 +7cos
2
x = 0 .
2/ cos
3
x sin
3
x = cosx + sinx.
3/ sinxsin2x + sin3x = 6cos
3
x
4/ sin
3
x + cos
3
x = 2( sin
5
x + cos
5
x ) S : x=
4

+
2
k

5/ sin
3
(x -
4

) = 2 sinx S : x =
4

+k
6/ 3cos
4
x sin
2
2x + sin
4
x = 0 S :x = t
3

+ k v x=
4

+
2
k

7/ 3sin
4
x +5cos
4
x 3 = 0 .
8/ 6sinx 2cos
3
x = 5sin 2x cosx
III. PHNG TRNH I XNG PT PHN I XNG .
Gii cc phng trnh sau :
1/ cos
3
x + sin
3
x = sin 2x + sinx + cosx 2/ 2cos
3
x + cos 2x +sinx = 0
2
3/ 1 + sin
3
x + cos
3
x =
3
2
sin2x 4/ 6( cos x sinx ) + sinxcosx + 6 = 0
5/ sin
3
x cos
3
x = 1 + sinxcosx 6/
1 1 10
sin cos
cos sin 3
x x
x x
+ + +

7/ tgx + tg
2
x + tg
3
x + cotgx+cotg
2
x +cotg
3
x = 6 8/
2
2
sin x
+ 2tg
2
x + 5tgx + 5cotgx + 4 = 0
9/ 1 + cos
3
x sin
3
x = sin 2x 10/ cos
3
x sin
3
x = - 1
11/ 2cos 2x + sin
2
x cosx + cos
2
x sinx = 2( sinx + cosx ).


IV.PHNG TRNH TCH V PHNG TRNH LNG GIC KHC .
Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1/ sin 2x +2cos2x = 1 + sinx 4cosx 2/ sin 2x cos 2x = 3sinx +cosx 2
3/ sin
2
x + sin
2
3x 3cos
2
2x = 0 4/ cos3x cos
3
x sin3xsin
3
x = cos
3
4x +
1
4

5/ sin
4
2
x
+ cos
4
2
x
= 1 2sinx 6/ cos3x 2cos 2x + cosx = 0
7/ sin
6
x + cos
6
x = sin
4
x + cos
4
x 8/ sin
4
x + cos
4
x cos
2
x = 1 2sin
2
x cos
2
x
9/ 3sin3x - 3 cos 9x = 1 + 4sin
3
x. 10/
cos sin
sin
1 cos
x x
x
x
+

11/ sin
2
( )
2 4
x

tg
2
x cos
2
2
x
= 0 12/ cotgx tgx + 4sinx =
1
sin x
13 / sinxcosx + cosx = - 2sin
2
x
- sinx + 1 14 / sin 3x = cosxcos 2x ( tg
2
x + tg2x ) .
15/
cos3 sin3
5(sin ) cos 2 3
1 2sin 2
x x
x x
x
+
+ +
+
16/ sin
2
3x cos
2
4x = sin
2
5x cos
2
6x
17 / cos3x 4cos2x +3cosx 4 = 0. 18/
2
4
4
(2 sin 2 )sin3
1
cos
x x
tg x
x

+
19/ tgx +cosx cos
2
x = sinx (1+tgx.tg
2
x
) 20/ cotgx 1 =
2
cos 2 1
sin sin 2
1 2
x
x x
tgx
+
+
21/ 3 tgx(tgx + 2sinx)+ 6cosx = 0 22/ cos2x + cosx(2tg
2
x 1) = 2
23/ cotgx tgx +4sin2x =
2
sin 2x
24/
2
cos (cos 1)
2(1 sin )
sin cos
x x
x
x x

+
+
25/ cotgx = tgx +
2cos 4
sin2
x
x
26/
3 3
sin cos
1
2 2
cos
2 sin 3
x x
x
x

+

27/ tg2x tgx =
1
3
cosx.sin3x 28/ (sinx + cosx)
3
- 2 (sin2x +1) +sinx +cosx 2 = 0
29/
2 2
4sin 2 6sin 9 3cos 2
0
cos
x x x
x
+
30/ sin
2
x + sin
2
2x + sin
2
3x = 2
31/ 1 + sinx +cosx +sin2x +cos2x = 0 32/
6 6
2 2
sin cos 13
2
8
cos sin
x x
tg x
x x
+

33/ tg2x + cotgx = 8cos
2
x 34/ sinx+sin2x+sin3x - 3 ( cosx +cos2x+cos3x ) =0
35/ sin
4
x + cos
4
x cos2x +
1
4
sin
2
2x = 0 36/ 4cosx 2cos2x cos4x = 1
37/ 2cosx.cos2x.cos3x + 5 = 7cos2x 38/ (cos4x cos2x)
2
= 5 + sin3x
39/ sinx.sin2x +sin3x = 6cos
3
x HD :t t = tgx. 40/ sin
2
2x cos
2
8x = sin(10x +
17
2

)
41/ 2cos
3
x + cos2x +sinx = 0 42/ cos
3
3x.cos2x cos
2
x = 0
43/ 1+ sinx + cosx +sin2x + cos2x = 0 44/ cos
4
x + sin
4
x + cos(x -
4

)sin(3x -
4

)-
3
2
= 0
45/ 5sinx 2 = 3(1 sinx ) tg
2
x 46/ (2cosx 1)(2sinx + cosx) = sin2x cos2x
47/ cotgx tgx + 4sin2x =
2
sin 2x 48/ sin
2
( 2 4
x

)tg
2
x cos
2
2
x
49/ cox + cos2x + cos3x = sinx +sin2x + sin3x . 50/ cos3x + sin7x = 2sin
2
( 4

+
5
2
x
) 2cos
2
9
2
x
51/ sin
3
x +sinxcosx = 1- cos
3
x 52/ sin3x + cos2x = 2(sin2xcosx 1)
53/ 4cosx 2cos
2
x cos2x cos4x = 0 , 54/
sin 2
1
1 cos 2
x
x
+

+

55/ 2(cos
4
x sin
4
x) + cos4x cos2x = 0, 56/ 2(cos
4
x + sin
4
x) = cos(
2
2
x

)
57/ 2cosxcos2x = 1+ cos2x +cos3x 58/ 4(cos
4
x + sin
4
x) + 3 sin4x = 2
59 / sin2x + cos2x = 1 - 3 sin2x +2 3 cos
2
x 60/ cos
4
x + sin
4
x cos2x +
1
4
sin
2
2x = 0 ,
61/ cos3x 4cos2x +3cosx 4 = 0 62/ cos7x +sin8x = cos3x sin2x ,
3
63/ sin2x + 2 2 cosx +2sin(x+
4

)+3 = 0 64/
6 6
2(cos sin ) sin cos
0
2 2sin
x x x x
x
+

65/ cotgx + sinx(1+tgxtg
2
x
) = 4 66/
2
2sin 3 2 sin sin 2 1
1
2sin cos 1
x x x
x x
+ +

+

V. CC BI TON C CHA TAM S
1/Cho phng trnh
4 4 2
1
sin cos cos 2 sin 2 0
4
x x x x m + + +
. Tm m phng trnh c nghim.
2/ nh m phng trnh :
1 1 1
sin cos 1 ( cot )
2 sin cos
x x tgx gx m
x x
+ + + + + +
c nghim
0;
2
x
_

,
3/ Cho phng trnh:
2
2
4 2
2( cos ) ( cos ) 1
cos
cos
x m x
x
x
+ +
.Tm m phng trnh c nghim
thuc
(0; ).
2

4/ . Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m sao cho ta c:
6 6
sin cos sin .cos , x x x x m x R + +
5/ Cho phng trnh :
2
2
3
3 ( cot ) 1 0
sin
tg x m tgx gx
x
+ + +
. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m phng trnh c nghim
4