SO SNH SCH GIO KHOA THEO CHNG TRNH CHUN V SCH GIO KHOA THEO CHNG TRNH NNG

CAO MN HA HC LP 12 THPT (K THI TUYN SINH H, C - 2009)

Chng 1: ESTE - LIPIT Ni dung Ging nhau Khi nim, danh php, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, iu ch v ng dng ca este, lipit. Este-lipit Khc nhau Chun Khng c: - Phn ng kh bng liti nhm hirua. - Phn ng gc hirocacbon: cng, tch, trng hp. Nng cao - C thm: Phn ng kh nhm chc bi liti nhm hirua. - Phn ng gc hirocacbon: cng, tch, trng hp. - Phn ng oxiha gc axit bo, khng no. - iu ch este ca phenol.

Chng 2: CACBON HIDRAT Khc nhau Chun - Khng v cu trc ca glucoz, fructoz dng vng (c phn t liu) - Khng gii thiu v mantozo Nng cao - Nu cu trc dng vng ca glucoz, fructoz - C gii thiu v mantoz - P ring ca mch vng (p vi CH3OH/HCl ca nhm OH hemiaxetal)

Ni dung

Ging nhau

Tnh cht vt l, cu to phn Glucoz, t, tnh cht ha hc ca Saccarozo, glucozo Tinh bt, Xenlulozo

Chng 3: AMIN, AMINO AXIT V PROTEIN Khc nhau Chun Khng c: - Phn ng ca amin vi Nng cao C thm: - Phn ng ca amin vi

Ni dung Amin, amino

Ging nhau -Khi nim, phn loi, tnh cht vt l.

axit protein

- Khi nim cu to phn t v tnh cht ha hc amin: Tnh baz, tnh lng tnh ca amino axit, peptit; thy phn peptit v protein.

HNO2, CH3I - iu ch v ng dng ca amin

HNO2, CH3I. - iu ch v ng dng ca amin. - Phn ng ca nhm NH2 trong phn t amino axit vi HNO2

Chng 4: POLIME V VT LIU POLIME Khc nhau Chun Khng c: - Phn ng iu ch lapsan. - Gii thiu mt s loi keo dn t nhin. Nng cao C thm: - Phn ng iu ch t lapsan - Gii thiu mt s loi keo dn t nhin.

Ni dung

Ging nhau - Khi nim, c im cu trc, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc. - Cht do, t, cao su.

Polime. Vt liu polime.

Chng 5: I CNG V KIM LOI Ni dung Ging nhau - V tr ca kim loi trong BTH, cu to ca KL, tnh cht ha hc, dy in ha. - Tnh cht ca hp kim, ng dng ca hp kim. - Cc dng n mn kim loi, c ch ca s n mn, chng n mn KL... - iu ch kim loi: nguyn tc, cc phng php iu ch. Khc nhau Chun Nng cao C thm: - V tr ca KL trong BTH. - Phn ng Fe + H2O - Dy in ha: + C ch pht sinh dng in. + Th in cc chun; Pin in ha, tr s th in cc chun ca cp oxi ha kh trong dy in ha. + Xc nh sut in ng ca pin in ha. + Xc nh th in cc chun ca cp oxi ha - kh. - in phn: in phn vi dng cc tan. - iu ch kim loi: + Phng php iu ch Ag (hp cht xianua). + Nhit luyn:

i cng v kim loi

ZnO + C Cr2O3 + Al HgS + O2 + in phn dung dch mui ca baz yu v axit mnh: AgNO3, Ag2SO4.

Chng 6: KIM LOI KIM KIM LOI KIM TH - NHM Khc nhau Chun Gii thiu v KNO3 Nng cao Khng gii thiu v KNO3

Ni dung

Ging nhau

- Kim loi kim: v tr, cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, ng dng, trng thi t nhin, iu ch. - Hp cht quan trng ca KL Kim : NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3. - Kim loi kim th: v tr, cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, ng dng, trng thi t nhin, iu Kim loi ch. kim - Hp cht quan trng ca canxi : Ca(OH)2, CaSO4, kim loi kim th - CaCO3 Nhm. - Nc cng: khi nim, tc hi, cch lm mm, cch nhn bit ion Ca2+, Mg2+. - Nhm: v tr, cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, ng dng, trng thi t nhin, sn xut. - Hp cht quan trng ca nhm: Al2 O3, Al(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, cch nhn bit ion Al+3 trong dung dch.

Chng 7: ST V MT S KIM LOI QUAN TRNG Ni dung St v mt s kim loi quan trng. Crom St ng Ging nhau - St: v tr, cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, ng dng, trng thi t nhin. - Hp cht ca Fe: hp cht st (II), hp cht st (III). - Hp kim ca st. + Gang: khi nim, phn Khc nhau Chun Khng c: - Cc kim loi Ag, Au; - Tnh cht kh ca cc hp cht CrO, Cr(OH)2, Nng cao C thm: - St: + Cu hnh electron dng lng t ca cc ion Fe2+, Fe3+ + Mt s i lng: bn knh nguyn t,... - Hp cht ca Fe: + Cc phn ng: FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4

loi, sn xut. Cr2+. + Thp: khi nim, phn loi, sn xut. - Crom: v tr, cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, ng dng. - Hp cht ca crom: hp cht crom (III), hp cht crom (VI). - ng: v tr, cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, ng dng. - Hp cht ca Cu: CuO, Cu(OH)2, mui ng (II), ng dng. - Niken: v tr, tnh cht, ng dng. - Km: v tr, tnh cht, ng dng. - Ch: v tr, tnh cht, ng dng. - Thic: v tr, tnh cht, ng dng.

FeCl3 + KI + Hp kim ca Fe: nguyn liu sn xut gang. - Crom: + Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Cr, cu hnh electron di dng lng t, nng lng ion ha, bn knh ion. + Tc dng vi H2O, E0 2 /Cr) (Cr + ng dng ca Cr. + Sn xut Cr. - Mt s hp cht ca Cr: + Hp cht ca Cr(III) + Cc phn ng ca mui Cr3+ + Phn ng CrO3 + NH3 + Phn ng K2Cr2O7 + KI - ng v cc hp cht ca ng: + Cu hnh electron ca Cu, Cu+, Cu2+. + Mt s tnh cht ca Cu: bn knh nguyn t, bn knh ion, E0 2 /Cr) , (Cr + Phn ng CuO + Cu Cu + Cl2 Cu + S Cu + HCl + O2 - Mt s hp cht ca ng: + Phn ng nhit phn Cu(NO3)2, CuCO3, Cu(OH)2; CuO + NH3; Cu(OH)2 + NH3 - Mt s kim loi khc: + Ag, Au. + Th kh E0 2 / Ni) , E 0 2 / Zn) , E0 2 / Pb) ... (Ni (Zn (Pb - Khng nu ng dng ca Cu v hp cht CuSO4.5H2O

Chng 8: PHN BIT MT S CHT V C Khc nhau Chun Nng cao

Ni dung

Ging nhau

- Phn bit mt s cht v c: + Nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch: Na+, N , 4 2+ 3+ 2+ 3+ Ba , Al , Fe , Fe , Cu2+, 2 NO3 , SO 2 , Cl-, SO3 . 4 Phn bit + Nhn bit mt s cht kh: CO2, SO2, H2S , N. mt s cht v c

C thm: - Nhn bit cation: Ni2+, Cr2+, Ba2+ + CrO 2 4

2 Ba2+ + Cr2 O 7 + H2O

Fe3+ + SCN- Cu2+ + NH3 + H2O Cu(OH)2 + NH3 - Nhn bit cht kh: SO2 + I2 + H2O - Nhn bit cht kh: AgCl + NH3 - Nhn bit: NO, NO2, Cl2 - Bi Chun axit baz v Chun oxi ha kh.

Chng 9: HA HC V VN PHT TRIN KINH T, X HI, MI TRNG Ni dung Ha hc v vn pht trin kinh t, x hi, mi trng Ghi ch: 1. Tt c ni dung ca chng trnh chun u nm trong chng trnh nng cao. 2. Trong phn khc nhau: + Ch nu nhng kin thc khng c chng trnh chun nhng c chng trnh nng cao; + S tit thc hnh th nghim mi chng thuc chng trnh nng cao nhiu hn so vi chng trnh chun. Ngun: Cc Kho th v Kim nh cht lng gio dc (B GD-T). Hng dn: Trung tm Luyn thi Vnh Vin. Ging nhau - Ha hc v vn nhim mi trng: nhim mi trng khng kh, nhim mi trng nc, nhim mi trng t. - Ha hc vi vn phng chng nhim mi trng: nhn bit mi trng b nhim, vai tr ca ha hc trong vic x l cht gy nhim mi trng. Khc nhau Chun Nng cao