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Ti liu n tp Vt l 11 c bn v nng cao

Chng I: in tch. in trng


Dng 1: Lc tng tc tnh in
Bi 1: Hai in tch im dng q1 v q2 c cng ln in tch l 8.10-7 C c t trong khng
kh cch nhau 10 cm.
a. Hy xc nh lc tng tc gia hai in tch .
b. t hai in tch vo trong mi trng c hng s in mi l =2 th lc tng tc gia chng
s thay i th no ? lc tng tc gia chng l khng i (bng lc tng tc khi t trong
khng kh) th khong cch gia chng khi t trong mi trng c hng s in mi =2 l bao
nhiu ?
S: 0,576N; 0,288N; 7cm
Bi 2: Hai in tch im nh nhau t trong chn khng cch nhau mt on 4 cm, lc y tnh in
gia chng l 10-5 N.
a. Tm ln mi in tch.
b. Tm khong cch gia chng lc y tnh in gia chng l 2,5. 10-6 N.
S: 1,3.10-9C; 8cm
Bi 3: Hai vt nh t trong khng kh cch nhau mt on 1m, y nhau mt lc F = 1,8 N. in tch
tng cng ca hai vt l 3.10-5 C. Tm in tch ca mi vt.
S: 2.10-5C; 10-5C
Bai 5: Ba in tch im q1 = 4. 10-8 C, q2 = -4. 10-8 C, q3 = 5. 10-8 C t trong khng kh ti ba nh
ca mt tam gic u cnh 2 cm. Xc nh vect lc tc dng ln q3 ?
S: 45.10-3N
Bai 6: Hai in tch q1 = -4.10-8 C, q2 = 4. 10-8 C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau mt khong 4
cm trong khng kh. Xc nh lc tc dng ln in tch q = 2.10-9 C khi:
a. q t ti trung im O ca AB.
b. q t ti M sao cho AM = 4 cm, BM = 8 cm.
Bi 7: Ba in tch q1= 27.10-8C; q2= 64.10-8C; q3=- 10-7C t ti ba nh ca tam gic ABC vung
ti C. cho AC = 30cm; BC = 40cm.
Xc nh lc tc dng ln q3 ,bit h thng t trong khng kh.

+
Bq
2

r
F

r
F2

Cq

r
F1

+
q

Bai 8: Hai in tch dng q1 = q va q2 = 4q t cach nhau mt khoang d trong khng kh. Phai t
in tich q0 u, bng bao nhiu q0 nm cn bng?

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Ti liu n tp Vt l 11 c bn v nng cao


Bai 9: Hai in tich q1 =2.10-8C; q2 = -8.10-8C t tai A, B trong khng khi cach nhau AB =
8cm. Mt in tich q3 t tai C. Hoi
a. C u q3 nm cn bng?
b. Du va ln cua q3 q1 , q2 cung cn bng?
Bai 10: Hai qua cu nho nh nhau, cung khi lng m, cung ban kinh r, in tich q c treo
bng hai dy manh cung chiu dai l vao cung mt im. Do lc tng tac Coulomb, mi dy lch mt
goc so vi phng thng ng. Nhung hai qua cu vao du co = 2, ngi ta thy goc lch vn la
. Tinh khi lng ring D cua qua cu, bit khi lng ring cua du la D0 = 0,8.103 kg/m3.
Bi 11: Hai qu cu nh cng khi lng m=0,6g c treo trong khng kh bng hai si dy nh di l
= 50cm vo cng mt im. Khi hai qu cu nhim in ging nhau chng y nhau v cch nhau
mt khong R = 6cm.
a) Tnh in tch ca mi qu cu.
b) Nhng h thng vo ru ( =27), tnh khong cch R gia hai qu cu, b qua lc y
Acsimet.
Cho bit khi nh th sin = tan
Cu 1: Hai in tch im bng nhau t trong chn khng, cch nhau mt on R = 4cm. Lc y tnh in
gia chng l F = 10-5N. Tm khong cch gia chng lc y tnh in gia chng l F' = 2,5.10-6N.
S: 8cm
Cu 2: Hai ht bi trong khng kh cch nhau mt on 3cm, mi ht mang in tch q = -9,6.10-13C.
a) Tnh lc tnh in gia hai ht.
b) Tnh s electrn d trong mi ht bi.
S: a) 9,216.10-12N b) 6.106
Cu 3: Hai qu cu nh ging nhau, mi vt tha mt electrn. Tm khi lng mi qu cu lc tnh in
bng lc hp dn gia chng. Cho G = 6,67.10-11m3/kg.s2
S: 1,86.10-9 kg
Cu 4: Electrn quay u quanh ht nhn nguyn t Hir theo qu o trn vi bn knh R = 5.10-11 m.
a) Tnh ln lc hng tm t ln electrn.
b) Tnh vn tc v tn s chuyn ng ca electron.
Coi electrn v ht nhn trong nguyn t Hir tng tc theo nh lut tnh in.
S: a) F 9.10-8N. b) v 2,2.106 m/s; n 0,7. 1016 s-1
Cu 5*: Hai vt nh mang in tch t trong khng kh cch nhau mt on R = 1m, y nhau bng F
=1,8N. in tch tng cng ca hai vt l 3.10-5N. Tnh in tch mi vt.
S: q1 = 2.10-5C, q2 = 10-5N hoc ngc li
Cu 6*: Hai qu cu kim loi nh nh nhau mang cc in tch q1, q2 t trong khng kh cch nhau R =
2cm, y nhau bng lc F = 2,7.10-4N. Cho hai qu cu tip xc nhau ri a v v tr c, th chng y nhau
bng lc F' = 3,6.10-4N. Tnh q1, q2.
S: q1 = 6.10-9C, q2 = 2.10-9N hoc ngc li; q1 = -6.10-9C, q2 = -2.10-9N hoc ngc li
Cu 7*: Hai qu cu kim loi nh nh nhau mang cc in tch q1, q2 t trong khng kh cch nhau
R=20cm, ht nhau bng lc F = 3,6.10-4N. Cho hai qu cu tip xc nhau ri a v v tr c, th chng y
nhau bng lc F' = 2,025.10-4N. Tnh q1, q2.
S: q1 = 8.10-8C, q2 = -2.10-8N hoc ngc li; q1 = -6.10-8C, q2 = 2.10-8N hoc ngc li
Cu 8: Hai in tch im t trong chn khng, cch nhau mt on R = 20cm. Lc tng tc tnh in
gia chng l F . Khi t trong du, cng khong cch, lc tng tc tnh in gia chng gim 4 ln. Hi
khi t trong du, khong cch gia cc in tch phi l bao nhiu lc tng tc tnh in gia chng
cng l F.
S: 10cm
Dng 2: Lc tng hp tc dng ln mt in tch
Cu 1: Ba in tch im q1 = -10-7C, q2 = 5.10-8C, q3 = 4.10-8C ln lt t ti A, B, C trong khng kh. Bit
AB =r5cm, AC = 4cm, BC = 1cm. Tm lc tc dng ln in tch q3.
S: F hng t C A, ln F = 20,25.10-2N
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Ti liu n tp Vt l 11 c bn v nng cao


Cu 2: Ba in tch im q1 = 4.10-8C, q2 = -4.10-8C, q3 = 5.10-8C t trong khng kh ti ba nh ABC ca
mt tam
u
r gic u
uur cnh a = 2cm. Xc nh vect lc tc dng ln q3.
S: F Z Z AB , ln F = 4,5.10-2N
Cu 3: Ba in tch im q1 = q2 = q3 = q = 1,6.10-19C t trong chn khng ti ba nh ABC ca mt tam
gic u cnh a = 16cm. Xc nh vect lc tc dng ln q3.
r
S: F c phng AB, ln F = 9 3 .10-27N
Cu 4: Ba in tch im q1 = 27.10-8C, q2 = 64.10-8C, q3 = -10-7C t trong khng kh ti ba nh ABC ca
mt tam
vect lc tc dng ln q3.
r gic vung ti C. Bit AC = 30cm, BC = 40cm. Xc nh
-4

S: F hng t C O trung im ca AB , ln F = 45.10 N


Cu 5: Ba in tch im q1 = 6.10-9C, q2 = q3 = -8.10-9C t trong khng kh ti ba nh ABC ca mt tam
-9
gic u
C ti tm ca tam gic.
r cnh a = 6cm. Xc nh vect lc tc dng ln q0 = 8.10
4

S: F c phng BC hng t A BC , ln F = 8,4.10 N


Cu 6*: Bn in tch ging nhau t 4 nh ca mt t din u cnh a. Tm ln lc in tc dng ln
mi in tch
q2
S: F = 6.k. 2
a
Cu 7*: C hai in tch q1 = + 2.10-6 (C), q2 = - 2.10-6 (C), t ti hai im A, B trong chn khng v cch
nhau mt khong 6 (cm). Mt in tch q3 = + 2.10-6 (C), t trn ng trung trc ca AB, cch AB mt
khong 4 (cm). ln ca lc in do hai in tch q1 v q2 tc dng ln in tch q3
S: F = 17,28 (N).
Dng 3: Bi ton cn bng ca mt in tch, h in tch
Dng 2: P DNG NH LUT BO TON IN TCH
Bi 1: Hai qu cu kim loi nh nh nhau mang cc in tch q1 v q2 t trong khng kh cch nhau
2 cm, y nhau bng mt lc 2,7.10-4 N. Cho hai qu cu tip xc nhau ri li a v v tr c, chng
y nhau bng mt lc 3,6.10-4 N. Tnh q1 v q2 ?
s: 6.10-9 C , 2. 10-9 C.
-6. 10-9 C, -2. 10-9 C
Bi 2: Hai qu cu ging nhau mang in tch, t cch nhau r = 20cm, chng ht nhau mt lc F =
4.10-3N. Sau cho chng tip xc nhau v a v v tr c th thy chng y nhau bng mt lc F
= 2,25.10-3 N. Hy xc nh in tch ban u ca mi qu cu.
Bai 3: Hai qu cu nh, ging nhau, bng kim loi. Qu cu A mang in tch 4,50 C; qu cu B
mang in tch 2,40 C. Cho chng tip xc nhau ri a chng ra cch nhau 1,56 cm. Tnh lc
tng tc in gia chng.
s: 40,8 N.
Bai 4: Hai hn bi bng kim loi ging nhau c in tch cng du q v 4q cch nhau mt
khong r. Sau khi cho hai hn bi tip xc nhau, cho lc tng tc gia chng khng thay i, ta
phi t chng cch mt khong r. Tm r ?
s: r = 1,25 r.
Cu 1: Hai in tch im q1 = 2.10-8C, q2 = -8.10-8C t ti A, B trong khng kh, AB = 8cm. Mt in tch
q3 t ti C. Hi:
a) C u q3 cn bng?
b) Du v ln ca q3 q1, q2 cng cn bng?
S: CA = 8cm, CB = 16cm
Cu 2: Hai in tch im q1 = 2.10-8C, q2 = 8.10-8C t ti A, B trong khng kh, AB = 9cm. Mt in tch
q3 t ti C. Hi:
a) C u q3 cn bng?
b) Du v ln ca q3 q1, q2 cng cn bng?
S: CA = 3cm, CB = 6cm
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Ti liu n tp Vt l 11 c bn v nng cao


Cu 3: Mt h in tch c cu to gm mt ion dng +e v hai ion m nm cn bng. Bit khong cch
gia hai ion m l a. B qua trng lng cc ion.
a) Hy cho bit cu trc ca h v khong cch gia ion dng v ion m (theo a)
b) Tnh in tch ca mt ion m (theo e)
S: a) Ba ion nm trn cng mt ng thng, ion dng nm chnh gia
b) q =- 4e
Cu 4: Ti ba nh ca mt tam gic u, ngi ta t 3 in tch dng ging nhau c ln l q 1 = q2 = q3
= q. Phi t in tch q0 u, du v ln (theo q) nh th no h cn bng?
S: q0 trng tm ca tam gic q0 = -

3
q
3

Cu 5: Hai qu cu nh kim loi ging nhau mi qu c in tch q khi lng m =10g treo bi hai dy
cng chiu di l = 30cm vo cng mt im. Gi qu cu I c nh theo phng thng ng dy treo qu
cu II s lch mt gc = 600 so vi phng thng ng. Cho g = 10m/s2. Tm q?
mg
= 106 C
k

S: q = l

Cu 6: Hai qu cu nh kim loi ging nhau mi qu c khi lng m =5g treo bi hai dy cng chiu di
l = 10cm vo cng mt im O. Hai qu cu tip xc nhau. Tch in cho mt qu cu th thy hai qu cu
y nhau cho n khi hai dy treo hp vi nhau mt gc = 600 . Cho g = 10m/s2. Tnh in tch truyn
cho qu cu
S: q = 2l

mg

tan 3, 58.10 7 C
k
2

Cu 7*: Hai qu cu nh kim loi ging nhau c treo bi hai dy cng chiu di l vo cng mt im,
c tch in nh nhau v cch nhau mt on a = 5cm (a = l ). Chm nh tay vo mt qu cu. Tnh
khong cch gia chng sau .
S:

a
3

4
*

Cu 8 : Hai qu cu nh kim loi ging nhau mi qu c in tch cng du l q1, q2, c treo bi hai dy
cng chiu di vo cng mt im O. Hai qu cu y nhau v gc hp gia hai dy treo l = 600 . Cho hai
qu cu tip xc nhau, ri th ra th chng y mnh hn v gc hp gia hai dy treo by gi l = 900 .
Tnh t s

q1
q2

S: 11,77 v 0,085
IN TRNG
Dng 1: Xc nh cng in trng to bi in tch im.
Xc nh lc in trng tc dng ln in tch im
BAI 1: Xc nh vect cng in trng ti im M trong khng kh cch in tch im q =
2.10-8 C mt khong 3 cm.
Bai 2: Mt in tch im dng Q trong chn khng gy ra mt in trng c cng E = 3. 104
V/m ti im M cch in tch mt khong 30 cm. Tnh ln in tch Q ?
Bai 3: Mt in tch im q = 10-7 C t ti im M trong in trng ca mt in tch im Q,
chu tc dng ca mt lc F = 3.10-3 N. Cng in trng do in tch im Q gy ra ti M c
ln l bao nhiu ?
Bai 4: Cho hai in tch q1 = 4. 10-10 C, q2 = -4. 10-10 C, t ti A v B trong khng kh bit AB = 2
cm. Xc nh vect cng in trng ti:
a. H, l trung im ca AB.
b. M, MA = 1 cm, MB = 3 cm.
c. N, bit rng NAB l mt tam gic u.
Bai 5: Hai in tch q1 = 8. 10-8 C, q2 = -8. 10-8 C t ti A v B trong khng kh bit AB = 4 cm. Tm
vect cng in trng ti C trn ng trung trc ca AB v cch AB 2 cm, suy ra lc tc dng
ln in tch q = 2. 10-9 C t ti C.
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Ti liu n tp Vt l 11 c bn v nng cao


Bai 6: Hai in tch im q1 = 2. 10-2 C, q2 = -2. 10-2 C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau mt
on a = 30 cm trong khng kh. Tnh cng in trng ti M cch u A v B mt khong l a.
Bai 7: Ti hai im A v B cch nhau 5 cm trong chn khng c hai in tch q1 = 16.10-8 C, q2 =
-9.10-8 C. Tm cng in trng tng hp v v vect cng in trng ti im C nm cch
A mt khong 4 cm, cch B mt khong 3 cm.
Bai 8: Hai in tich q1 = 4q>0 va q2 =-q t tai hai im A va B cach nhau 4cm trong chn
khng. Xac inh im M cng in trng tng hp tai o bng 0
Bai 9: Hai in tich +q va q (q>0) t tai hai im A va B trong khng khi vi AB = 2a.
a) Xac inh cng in trng tai M nm trn trung trc cua AB cach AB mt khoang x.
b) Xac inh x EM at cc ai. Tinh EMmax?
Bai 9: Tai ba im A, B, C trong khng khi tao thanh tam giac vung tai A; AB = 4cm; AC =
3cm. Tai A t q1 = -2,7.10-9C tai B t q2. Bit vec t E tng hp tai C co phng song song AB. Xac
inh q2 va vec t E tai C.
Cu 1: in tch im q = 10-5 C t tai im O trong khng kh
a) Tnh vect cng in trng ti im M cch in tch im mt on 10cm
b) Xc nh lc in trng do in tch im q tc dng ln in tch im q ' = -10-7C t ti M. Suy ra
lc in do in tch im q' tc dng ln in tch im q
ur
uuuu
r
r
ur
r
r
S: a) E Z Z OM ; E = 9.106 V/m b) F Z [ E ; F = 0,9N; F/ = F
Cu 2: in tch im q = -10-5 C t tai im O trong khng kh
a) Tnh vect cng in trng ti im M cch in tch im mt on 10cm
'
-7
b) u
Xc
lc
do inrtch im
r nh
uuu
u
r in trng
ur q tc dng ln in tch im q = -10 C t ti M.
6
S: a) E Z [ OM ; E = 9.10 V/m b) F Z [ E ; F = 0,9N
Cu 3: Cho hai im A v B cng trn mt ng sc ca mt in trng do in tch im q gy ra.
Bit ln cng in trng ti A , B ln lt l E 1, E2 v A gn O hn B. Tnh cng in trng
ti M l trung im ca on AB
q
4
E=k
=
2
2
rA + rB
1
1
S:

2
E
E
A
B

Cu 4: Cng in trng ca mt in tch im ti A bng 36V/m, ti B bng 9V/m. Hi cng


in trng ti M l trung im ca on AB? Bit hai im A, B nm trn cng mt ng sc
q
E=k
2
S:
rA + rB = 16V/m

2
Cu 5: Prtn c t trong in trng u E = 1,7.106V/m
a) Tnh gia tc ca prtn, cho khi lng prtn l mP = 1,7.10-27kg
b) Tnh vn tc ca prtn sau khi i c on ng 20cm (cho vn tc lc u bng 0)
S: a) 1,6.1014m/s2
b) v = 8.106m/s
6
Cu 6: Electrn xut pht t im M vi
ur vn tc
uu
r v0 = 4.10 m/s, chuyn ng dc theo chiu ng sc ca
mt in trng u c E= 910V/m, ( E Z Z v0 ).
a) Electrn i c qung ng di bao nhiu th vn tc ca n bng khng?
b) Sau thi gian bao lu k t lc xut pht, electrn li tr v im M?
S: a) s = 5cm.
b) Sau electrn chuyn ng nhanh dn u ngc chiu vi ng sc cng vi a = 1,6.1014m/s2
2v
t = 0 =5.10-8(s)
a
Cu 7: Mt electrn chuyn ng vi vn tc ban u v0 = 106 m/s dc theo mt ng sc in ca mt
in trng u c mt qung ng s =1cm th dng li. Xc nh cng in trng.
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Ti liu n tp Vt l 11 c bn v nng cao


mv 02
S: E =
= 284,375V/m
2eS
Cu 8*: Hai qu cu nh khi lng m, M mang in tch q v +Q
ur tng ng (Q > q). Ban u hai qu cu
cch nhau mt khong bng l , c t trong in trng u E hng t m n M. Hy tm cng
ur
in trng E v gia tc chuyn ng ca cc qu cu, bit rng khong cch gia hai qu cu khng i.
B qua tc dng ca trng lc.
q.Q ( M + m )
k(Q q)qQ r
;a= 2
S: E=k 2
, a hng t m n M
l ( Mq + mQ )
l (Mq + mQ)
Cu 9*: Mt git mc c khi lng m= 1,3.10-10kg mang in tch q = -1,5.10-10C i vo min gia hai bn,
ban u chuyn ng dc theo trc Ox nm ngang vi vn tc v0 = 18m/s. Chiuurdi L ca cc bn l 1,6cm.
Cc bn c tch in tri du, to ra gia hai bn mt in trng u c E hng t trn xung theo
phng thng ng Oy, ln E = 1,4.106V/m. Tm lch theo phng thng ng ca git mc mp ra
ca cc bn. (B qua tc dng ca trng lc ln git mc).
S: h =

q EL2
2mv02

= 0,64mm

Dng 2: Xc nh cng in trng tng hp


Cu 1: Hai in tch im q1 = q2 = q = 10-9 C t c nh ti A, B; vi AB = 2cm. Xc nh vc t cng
in trng ti
a) M trung im ca on AB
b) N cch A 1cm cch B 3cm.
c) C hp vi A, B thnh tam gic u
ur
q
4
S: a) EM =0; b) EN = 105V/m hng t N ra xa A c) EC = 3k 2 3,9.10 V/m, E AB
a
-10
-10
Cu 2: Hai in tch im q1 = 10 C, q2 = -9.10 C t c nh ti A, B; vi AB = a = 2cm. Xc nh vc
t cng in trng ti
a) M trung im ca on AB
b) N cch A 1cm cch B 2cm.
S: a) EM =72.103 V/m hng t M n A; b) EN = 0 V/m
Cu 3: Hai in tch im q1 = q2 = q = 10-10 C t c nh ti A, B; vi AB = 2a = 6cm. Mt im M nm
trn ng trung trc AB cch AB mt on x.
a) Xc nh vc t cng in trng ti im M khi x = 4cm.
b)* Xc nh v tr ca M (nm trn ng trung trc AB) cng in trng ti M t gi tr cc
i. Tnh gi tr cng in trng ti M lc ny.
q.x
a
q
ur
E M = 2k
= 2,12cm ; E Mmax = 4k
= 769, 6V / m
S: a)
b) x =
2
2 3 = 576 V/m, E AB
2
3 3.a 2
(a +x )
ur

Cu 4: Mt in tch im q = 10-9 C t c nh ti A trong in trng u c E hng t trn xung


theo phng thng ng Oy, ln E = 4.10 4V/m. Xc nh ln cng in trng tng hp ti M
cch A mt on r = 1,73 cm = 3 cm. (Bit OA nm trn phng ngang Ox)
S: EM = 5.104 V/m
Cu 5: Ti 3 nh ca mt tam gic u, cnh a = 10cm c 3 in tch im ging nhau q = 10nC. Hy xc
nh cng in trng ti
a) trung im mi cnh tam gic.
b) tm ca tam gic
q
S: EM = 4k 2 =12000 V/m; EG = 0
3a
Cu 6: Ba im A, B, C trong urkhng kh to thnh tam gic vung ti A. AB = 3 cm, AC = 4cm, vect
cng in trng tng hp E C ti C c phng song song vi AB. Xc nh cng in trng tng
ur
hp E C ti C v q2.
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Ti liu n tp Vt l 11 c bn v nng cao


S: EC = 1,5.104 V/m; q2 = 12,5.10-9 C
Cu 7: Cho bn in tch cng ln q t ti bn nh hnh vung cnh a. Tm cng in trng ti
tm O hnh vung trong trng hp bn in tch ln lt c du:
a) +, +, +, +
b) +, -, +, c) +, -, -, +
kq
S: a) E = 0; b) E = 0 c) E = 4 2 2
a
*
Cu 8 : Mt mt ng h c cc in tch m q, -2q, -3q,,-12q, c t c nh v tr cc s tng
ng. Cc kim ng h khng lm nhiu lon in trng tng hp ca cc in tch im. Hi gi no th
kim ch gi cng chiu vi vect cng in trng tm mt ng h?
S: 9gi 30pht

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