trng: Vui v

Nguyn nhn gy thm ht ngn sch nh nc

Thm ht ngn sch do rt nhiu nguyn nhn, v c s nh hng khc nhau n s cn i v m ca nn kinh t. V c bn, tnh trng thm ht ngn sch nh nc gm cc nguyn nhn chnh sau: Tht thu thu nh nc Thu l ngun thu chnh v bn vng nht cho ngn sch nh nc bn cnh cc ngun thu khc nh ti nguyn, doanh nghip nh nc, vay, nhn vin trtuy nhin, do h thng php lut ta cn nhiu bt cp, s qun l cha cht ch to k h cho cc c nhn, t chc li dng trn thu, gy tht thu mt lng ng k cho ngn sch nh ncin hnh, trong nm 2008 lng thuc l nhp lu vo nc ta lm tht thu thu, ly i ca ngn sch nh nc 2.500- 3000 t ng. Ngoi ra, lng thuc l nhp lu cn lm chy mu ngoi t ca t nc khong 200 triu USD/nm, lm gia tng tht nghip, nh hng rt ln n s pht trin kinh t. Bn cnh , vic gin thu, gim thu v min thu mt mt gip cc doanh nghip c thm ngun vn u t, duy tr v m rng sn xut. Tuy nhin,vic min thu, gim thu hoc chm thu lm nh hng ti cc khon chi ngn sch khc gy thm ht ngn sch nh nc. u t cng km hiu qu

Trong 2 nm 2007 v 2008, nc ta tip nhn mt lng vn rt ln t bn ngoi. Nhm y mnh u t pht trin kt cu h tng v cc cng trnh trng im quc gia phc v li ch pht trin ca t nc. Tuy nhin, trn thc t, tnh trng u t dn tri gy lng ph cc a phng vn cha c khc phc trit , tin thi cng nhng d n trng im quc gia cn chm v thiu hiu qu, gy lng ph ngun ngn sch nh nc v kim hm s pht trin ca cc vng min, l nguyn nhn chnh dn n thm ht ngn sch nh nc. Bn cnh , nn hnh chnh cng - dch v cng ca chng ta qu km hiu qu. Chnh s km hiu qu ny lm cho tnh trng thm ht ngn sch cng tr nn trm trng. Nh nc huy ng vn kch cu

Chnh ph kch cu qua 3 ngun ti tr chnh l: Pht hnh tri phiu Chnh ph, min gim thu v s dng Qu d tr nh nc. S dng gi gii php kch cu mt mt lm kch thch tiu dng, tng trng kinh t. Tuy nhin, s lm mc thm ht ngn sch tng rt cao khong 8-12%GDP Cha ch trng mi quan h gia chi u t pht trin v chi thng xuyn y l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy cng thng v ngn sch p lc bi chi ngn sch (nht l ngn sch cc a phng). Chng ta c th thy, thng qua c ch phn cp ngun thu v nhim v chi gia cc cp ngn sch v c ch b sung t ngn sch cp trn cho ngn sch cp di. Ngn sch a phng c phn cp ngun thu ng vi cc nhim v chi c th v c xc nh c th trong d ton ngn sch hng nm. V vy, khi cc a phng vay vn u t s i hi bo m ngun chi thng xuyn b tr cho vic vn hnh cc cng trnh khi hon thnh v i vo hot ng cng nh chi ph duy tu, bo dng cc cng trnh, lm gim hiu qu u t. Chnh iu lun to s cng thng v ngn sch. c ngun kinh ph hoc phi i vay duy tr hot ng hoc yu cu cp trn b sung ngn sch, c hai trng hp u to p lc bi chi NSNN. Quy m chi tiu ca chnh ph qu ln. Tng chi tiu ca chnh ph mt mt gip nn kinh t tng trng tm thi trong ngn hn, nhng li to ra nhng nguy c bt n lu di nh lm pht v ri ro ti chnh do s thiu hiu qu ca cc khon chi tiu cng v thiu c ch gim st m bo s hot ng lnh mnh ca h thng ti chnh. L thuyt kinh t khng ch ra mt cch r rng v hng tc ng chi tiu ca chnh ph i vi tng trng kinh t. Tuy nhin a s cc nh kinh t thng thng nht rng chi tiu ca chnh ph mt khi vt qu mt ngng no s lm cn tr tng trng kinh t do gy ra phn b ngun lc mt cch khng hiu qu dn ti thm ht ngn sch nh nc v cui cng l gy ra lm pht. Bn cnh , s thiu ht ngn sch trong nhng nm qua cn c s dng nh mt cng c trong chnh sch ti kha kch thch s tng trng kinh t Chng ta c th d dng nhn ra iu ny thng qua cn i NSNN hng nm. V nguyn tc, sau khi ly tng thu tr i tng chi trong nm s xc nh c s thng d hoc thiu ht ngn sch trong nm. Tuy nhin, khi cn i ngn sch chng ta thng xc nh s bi chi trc (thng thng tng ng vi mc Quc hi cho php) v ngun cn li c Quc hi cho php chuyn ngun sang nm sau. y l chnh sch ngn sch thn trng khi p dng l thuyt bi chi mt cch ch ng v iu khng gy xo trn trong chnh sch kinh t v m,

nhng phi cn nhc v kim tra xem ton b s bi chi c c s dng chi u t pht trin cho cc d n trng im v hiu qu qua to thm cng n vic lm, to cho nn kinh t pht trin, tng kh nng thu NSNN trong tng lai hay khng.