S GD&T NGH AN

TRNG THPT ANH SN 3

-----------------*&*-----------------

CHNH THC

K THI HC SINH GII CP TRNG

Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Mn thi: Ho Hc 12
Thi gian : 180 pht (khng k thi gian

giao )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cu 1.
Kim loi crom c cu trc tinh th lp phng tm khi. Khi lng ring ca
kim loi crom l 7,19 g/cm3, nguyn t khi ca crom l 52. Tnh bn knh gn ng
ca nguyn t kim loi crom. Cho s Avgar l N = 6,022.1023
Cu 2.
A, B, C l ba kim loi k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k (theo th t t tri sang
phi trong chu k) c tng s khi trong cc nguyn t chng l 74
a. Xc nh A, B, C
b. Hn hp X gm (A, B, C). Tin hnh 3 th nghim sau: (1) ho tan (m) gam X
vo nc d thu c V lt kh; (2) ho tan (m) gam X vo dung dch NaOH d thu
c 7V/4 lt kh ; (3) ho tan (m) gam X vo dung dch HCl d thu c 9V/4 lt kh.
Bit cc th tch kh u c o ktc v coi nh B khng tc dng vi nc v kim
b1. Tnh % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong X
b2. p dng: Cho V = 2,24. Tnh m
Cu 3.
1. C hn hp Na, Ba, Mg. Bng phng php ha hc hy tch ring cc kim loi
ra khi hn hp
2. Ho tan hon ton FeS2 trong dung dch HNO3 (c d) thu c 65g dung dch
X v thy thot ra 7,33 lt mt cht kh c khi lng ring l 1,881g/l(o 250C v
1atm). Trong dung dch X, khi lng H2SO4 bng khi lng HNO3
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra
b. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch HNO3 dng ban u
Cu 4.
1. T benzen v cc cht v c, xc tc cn thit khc c , vit s phn ng
ha hc iu ch
a. meta-clonitrobenzen
b. axit meta-brombenzoic
2. t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ankan A, B hn km nhau k nguyn t
cacbon th thu c b gam kh CO2.
a. Hy tm khong xc nh ca nguyn t cacbon trong phn t ankan cha t
nguyn t cacbon hn theo a, b, k.
b. Cho a = 2,72 gam, b = 8,36 gam v k = 2. Tm cng thc phn t ca A, B v
tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi ankan trong hn hp
3. Cho 3 gam metanal tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d. Sau khi phn ng
kt thc, thu c m gam Ag
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra
b. Tnh gi tr ca m

Cu 5.
1. t chy hon ton 44 gam mt este X n chc, thu c 88 gam CO 2 v 36
gam H2O. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT, gi tn ca X
2. A, B, D l cc ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C 6H9O4Cl, tha mn cc
iu kin sau
36,1g A + NaOH d 9,2g etanol + 0,4 mol mui A1 + NaCl
B + NaOH d mui B1 + hai ancol (cng s nguyn t C) + NaCl
D + NaOH d mui D1 + axeton + NaCl + H2O
Hy lp lun xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, D v vit cc phng trnh
phn ng. Bit rng D lm qu tm.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cn b coi thi khng phi gii thch g thm

H v tn:

..............................................................................................................

S BD: .

S GD&T NGH AN
TRNG THPT ANH SN 3
-----------------*&*-----------------

CHNH THC

K THI HC SINH GII CP TRNG

Nm hc: 2011 - 2012
Mn thi: Ho Hc 12
Thi gian : 180 pht (khng k thi gian

giao )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HNG DN V BIU IM CHM THI CHNH THC

Cu 1.(2 im)
Kim loi crom c cu trc tinh th lp phng tm khi. Khi lng ring ca kim loi crom l
7,19 g/cm3, nguyn t khi ca crom l 52. Tnh bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t kim loi crom. Cho
s Avgar l N = 6,022.1023
Cu 1
Ni dung
im
Tinh th lp phng tm khi c c kht l 68%
Khi lng ring ca kim loi crom l 7,19 g/cm3 1cm3 crom nng 7,19 gam
0,5
Trong 1cm3 crom th th tch thc ca kim loi crom trong ch l 0,68 cm3
ta tnh c th tch thc ca 1 nguyn t crom l:
0, 68.52
V=
(1)
7,19.6, 022.1023
4
3
Mt khc ta c V = . .R
3
Bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t kim loi crom l: R =

0,5

3.V
4

0,5

Thay s: V tnh theo (1) trn ta c R 1, 25.108 cm

0,5
Cu 2.(4 im)
A, B, C l ba kim loi k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k (theo th t t tri sang phi trong
chu k) c tng s khi trong cc nguyn t chng l 74
a. Xc nh A, B, C
b. Hn hp X gm (A, B, C). Tin hnh 3 th nghim sau: (1) ho tan (m) gam X vo nc d
thu c V lt kh; (2) ho tan (m) gam X vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 7V/4 lt kh ; (3) ho tan
(m) gam X vo dung dch HCl d thu c 9V/4 lt kh. Bit cc th tch kh u c o ktc v
coi nh B khng tc dng vi nc v kim
b1. Tnh % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong X
b2. p dng: Cho V = 2,24. Tnh m
Cu 2
Ni dung
im
a
2
Gi Z1 l s electron ca nguyn t A
S electron ca nguyn t B, C ln lt l Z1+1, Z1+2
0,25
Gi N1, N2, N3, ln lt l s ntron ca nguyn t A, B, C
V tng s khi ca cc nguyn t A, B, C l 74 nn ta c phng trnh:
0,25
(Z1+N1) + (Z1+1+N2) + (Z1+2+N3) = 74
(1)
Mt khc ta c:
0,25
i vi cc nguyn t ha hc c Z 82 ta lun c: Z N 1,5Z . Thay vo (1) ta c:
(Z1+Z1) + (Z1+1+Z1+1) + (Z1+2+Z1+2) 74
0,25
6Z1 68
Z1 11,3
(*)
(Z1+1,5Z1) + (Z1+1+1,5Z1+1,5) + (Z1+2+1,5Z1+1,5.2) 74
0,25

 7,5Z1 68
Z1 8,9
T (*) v (**) ta suy ra 8,9 Z1 11,3
Vi Z1 l s nguyn Z1 = 9; 10; 11
M A, B, C l cc kim loi Z1 = 11 (Na)
Vy A, B, C ln lt l cc kim loi Natri (Na); Magie (Mg); Nhm (Al)

(**)
0,25
0,25
0,25
2

b
b1
Ta c nhn xt: V th tch kh thot ra th nghim (2) nhiu hn th nghim (1) chng
t th nghim (1) nhm phi ang cn d. V s chnh lch th tch kh th nghim (1)
v (2) l do Al d th nghim (1).Chnh lch th tch kh th nghim (2) v (3) l do Mg
Ta c cc phn ng xy ra c 3 th nghim:
th nghim (1) v (2): 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
(1*)
2Al + 2 NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
th nghim (3) :

2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2

2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2

(2*)
(3*)

0,25

(4*)

Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
(5*)
Gi s s mol kh thot ra th nghim (1) l x th s mol kh thot ra cc th nghim (2)
v (3) ln lt l 7x/4 v 9x/4
V th nghim (1) Al d nn NaOH ht nn ta cng (1*) vi (2*) ta c:
2Na + 2Al + 4H2O 2NaAlO2 + 4H2
s mol Na bng s mol H2 th nghim (1) = x/2
Xt th nghim (2) ta c:
S mol Na = x/2 suy ra s mol H2 do Na sinh ra bng x/4
Tng s mol H2 l 7x/4
Suy ra s mol H2 do Al sinh ra l (7x/4) - (x/4) = 3x/2 s mol Al = x
S mol Mg bng s mol kh chnh lnh ca th nghim (2) v (3)
Suy ra s mol Mg = (9x/4)-(7x/4) = x/2
Nh vy trong hn hp X gm c cc kim loi vi t l mol l:
Na: Mg: Al = 1:2:1
Suy ra % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong X l:
23.1
.100% = 22,77 (%)
%mNa =
23.1 + 27.2 + 24.1
24.1
.100% = 23,76 (%)
%mMg =
23.1 + 27.2 + 24.1
%mAl = 53,47%
b2

0,25

0,25

0,25
0,25

0,25

p dng: V = 2,24 x = 0,1 s mol Na = 0,05 mol

0,25
Vy gi tr ca m l: m = 0,05.23 + 0,1.27+ 0,05.24 = 5,05 gam
0,25
Cu 3. (4 im)
1. C hn hp Na, Ba, Mg. Bng phng php ha hc hy tch ring cc kim loi ra khi hn
hp
2. Ho tan hon ton FeS2 trong dung dch HNO3 (c d) thu c 65g dung dch X v thy thot
ra 7,33 lt mt cht kh c khi lng ring l 1,881g/l(o 25 0C v 1atm). Trong dung dch X, khi
lng H2SO4 bng khi lng HNO3

a. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra

b. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch HNO3 dng ban u
Cu 3
Ni dung
Cho hn hp kim loi vo nc d, sau khi phn ng hon ton, lc ly phn khng tan ta c
Mg.
2Na + 2H2O 2 NaOH + H2 ; Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
Cho kh CO2 sc vo dung dch nc lc trn n d, tip tc un nng dung dch hi lu, lc ly
phn kt ta BaCO3 to thnh.
NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3 ; Ba(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ba(HCO3)2 ;
Ba(HCO3)2 t BaCO3 + H2O + CO2
0

im
2
0,5

0,5

Ha tan BaCO3 trong dung dch HCl, c cn dung dch thu ly mui khan v em in phn nng
chy ta c Ba: BaCO3 + 2HCl BaCl2 + H2O + CO2 ; BaCl2 dp nc Ba + Cl2

0,5

Dung dch cn li cho tc dng dung dch HCl d, c cn dung dch thu ly mui khan v em in
phn nng chy ta c Na: Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 ;
2NaCl dp nc 2Na + Cl2 .

0,5

M kh = 298. 22,4.1,881 / 273 = 46 Kh l NO2

0,5
S mol NO2 = 273 .7,33 / 298. 22,4 = 0,3 Khi lng NO2 = 13,8g
FeS2 + 18HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 2H2SO4 + 15NO2 +7 H2O
S mol FeS2 = 0,02 khi lng FeS2 = 2,4g
0,5
S mol HNO3 p/ = 0,36 khi lng HNO3 p/ = 22,68g
S mol H2SO4 = 0,04 khi lng H2SO4 = 3,92g
Theo u bi, trong dung dch X: khi lng HNO3 d = khi lng H2SO4 = 3,92g
Khi lng trc phn ng = mFeS2 + mHNO3 + mH2O = 2,4+22,68+3,92+mH2O
Khi lng sau phn ng = mddX + mNO2 = 65 + 13,8 = 78,8g
0,5
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng
29 + mH2O = 78,8 mH2O = 78,8 29 = 49,8 g
C% ca dd HNO3 ban u = (22,68 +3,92).100%/ (22,68 + 3,92 + 49,8) = 34,82%
0,5
Cu 4.(6 im)
1. T benzen v cc cht v c, xc tc cn thit khc c , vit s phn ng ha hc iu
ch
a. meta-clonitrobenzen
b. axit meta-brombenzoic
2. t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ankan A, B hn km nhau k nguyn t cacbon th thu
c b gam kh CO2.
a. Hy tm khong xc nh ca nguyn t cacbon trong phn t ankan cha t nguyn t cacbon
hn theo a, b, k.
b. Cho a = 2,72 gam, b = 8,36 gam v k = 2. Tm cng thc phn t ca A, B v tnh thnh phn
phn trm theo khi lng ca mi ankan trong hn hp
3. Cho 3 gam metanal tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu
c m gam Ag
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra
b. Tnh gi tr ca m

Cu 4
1

Ni dung
NO2
(a)

+ HONO2

NO2

H2SO4

+ CH3Cl

1,0

+ Cl2
Fe

CH3
(c)

im
2

Cl
COOH

COOH
1,0

+ Br2

+ KMnO4

AlCl3

Fe

Br
2

Gi cng thc ca ankan A l CnH2n+2 v B l Cn+kH2n+2+2k

Gi cng thc trung bnh ca 2 ankan l: CnH2n+ 2(n < n < n + k)
Phng trnh t chy:
CnH2n+ 2 + (3n + 1) O2 n CO2 + (n + 1) H2O
2
a(mol)
b(mol)
14 n + 2
44 n
a
b
b
=
n=
(1)
22a 7b
14n + 2 14n
b
Ta c: n <
<n+k
22a 7b
b
b

k< n <
22a 7b
22a 7b
b
k(22a 7b)
b

< n <
22a 7b
22a 7b
22a 7b
b k(22a
7b)
22a
7b

<

b
n<
2
2a 7b

Th a, b, k vo (2) 4,33 < n < 6,33

Chn n = 5 hoc n = 6
*Trng hp 1: n = 5 n + k = 7
Vy cng tc phn t ca 2 ankan l C5H12 v C7H16
2,72
nhh =
= 0,03(mol)
14.6,33+ 2
72x + 100y = 2,72 x = 0,01

x + y = 0,03
y = 0,02
%C5H12 = 26,47% v %C7H16 = 73,53%
*Trng hp 2: n = 6 n + k = 8
Vy cng tc phn t ca 2 ankan l C6H14 v C8H18
86x + 144y = 2,72 x = 0,025

x + y = 0,03
y = 0,005
%C6H14 = 79,04% v %C8H18 = 20,96%

1,0

(2)

1,0

3
HCHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O -- > (NH4)2CO3 + 4NH4NO3 + 4Ag
s mol HCHO = 0,1 s mol Ag = 0,4 khi lng Ag = 43,2 gam
Cu 5.(4 im)

2
1,0
1,0

1. t chy hon ton 44 gam mt este X n chc, thu c 88 gam CO 2 v 36 gam H2O. Xc
nh CTPT, CTCT, gi tn ca X
2. A, B, D l cc ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C6H9O4Cl, tha mn cc iu kin sau
36,1g A + NaOH d 9,2g etanol + 0,4 mol mui A1 + NaCl
B + NaOH d mui B1 + hai ancol (cng s nguyn t C) + NaCl
D + NaOH d mui D1 + axeton + NaCl + H2O
Hy lp lun xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, D v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Bit
rng D lm qu tm.
Cu 5
Ni dung
im
1
2
CTPT: C4H8O2
1,0
CTCT: HCOOCH2CH2CH3 propyl fomat
HCOOCH(CH3)2
isopropyl fomat
CH3COOC2H5
etyl axetat
1,0
C2H5COOCH3
metyl propionat
2

2
A, B, D c cng cng thc phn t: C6H9O4Cl ( = 2)
A + NaOH C2H5OH + mui A1 + NaCl
0,2 mol
0,2mol
0,4 mol
T t l s mol cc cht cho thy A l este 2 chc cha 1 gc ancol C2H5- v axit tp chc
CTCT ca A: CH3-CH2-OOC-CH2-OOC-CH2-Cl
CH3-CH2-OOC-CH2-OOC-CH2-Cl + 3NaOH C2H5OH + 2 HO-CH2COONa + NaCl
B + NaOH mui B1 + hai ancol + NaCl
V thu phn B to ra 2 ancol khc nhau nhng c cng s nguyn t C, nn mi ancol ti thiu
phi cha 2C. CTCT duy nht tha mn: C2H5-OOC-COO-CH2-CH2-Cl
C2H5-OOC-COO-CH2-CH2-Cl + 3NaOH NaOOC-COONa + C2H5OH + C2H4(OH)2 + NaCl
D + NaOH mui D1 + axeton + NaCl + H2O
V D lm qu tm nn phi c nhm COOH, thu phn to axeton nn trong D phi c thm
chc este v ancol to thnh sau thu phn l gemdiol km bn.
CTCT ca D: HOOC-CH2-COO-C(Cl)-(CH3)2
HOOC-CH2-COO-C(Cl)-(CH3)2 +3NaOH NaOOC-CH2-COONa + CH3-CO-CH3 + NaCl + H2O

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------