Do An Tot Nghiep

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh
B CNG THNG TRNG CAO NG K THUT CAO THNG KHOA IN T- TIN HC
TI : IU KHIN THIT B TRONG NH QUA NG DY IN THOI
GVHD: NGUYN TRNG KHANH SVTH: 1. HUNH KHNH DUY 2. PHAN ANH TUN LP: C TVT 06B
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n tt nghip kha 2006 2009 TP H Ch Minh Thng 6/2009
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN
Ngy.thng.nm K tn
2
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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN
Ngy.thng.nm K tn
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MC LC
Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn Nhn xt ca gio vin phn bin Li cm n Mc lc Li gii thiu.2 Chng 0: Dn Nhp.....3 I. t vn .....3 II. Gii thiu ti. ..3 Chng I: L thuyt tng quan...7 A. Gii thiu s lc v tng i7 I. Khi nim v tng i...7 II. Phn loi tng i.....7 III. Cc k thut chuyn mch in t....8 IV. H thng m hiu ca tng i....9 B. Khi qut chung v my in thoi....11 I. Nguyn l thng tin in thoi.....11 II. Nhng yu cu c bn v my in thoi....12 III. Nhng chc nng c bn ca my in thoi..12 C. Tm quan trng v ng dng ca iu khin t xa....13 Chng II: Gii thiu chung v b vi iu khin....14 I. Gii thiu.....14 II. Lch s pht trin ca cc b vi iu khin.14 III. Kho st b vi iu khin 8051...14 1. Cu trc bn trong ca 8051.....15 2. Chc nng cc chn vi iu khin....16 3. T chc b nh.19 4. Tp lnh ca 8051. 26 Chng III: Thit k phn cng....31 A. Mch iu khin31 I. S nguyn l.31 II. Tnh ton v thit k h thng...32 1. Khi cm bin chung.32 1.1 S nguyn l.32 1.2 Nguyn l hot ng......32 1.3 Thit k v tnh ton..33
Khi kt ni thu bao..34 1.1 S nguyn l.34 1.2 Nguyn l hot ng..34 1.3 Thit k v tnh ton..35 3. Khi gii m v thu DTMF.....36 1.1 S nguyn l....36 1.2 Nguyn l hot ng.....36 4. Khi iu khin ng lc37 1.1 S nguyn l37 1.2 Nguyn l hot ng37 1.3 Thit k v tnh ton.38 5. Khi x l trung tm dng vi iu khin 89C5138 B. Thit k mch m thanh 40 1. S mch.40 2. Nguyn l hot ng..40 Chng VI: Thit k phn mm...42 I. Lu gii thut...42 II. Chng trnh.46 Kt lun.60 Nhng ngun ti liu lin quan.61 PH LC: Gii thiu v Transistor C1815 Gii thiu v Transistor C2 383 Gii thiu v IC MT8870 Gii thiu v cng EXOR 74LS86
2.
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LI CM N
Trong sut ba nm hc va qua, c s gip v ch bo ca qu Thy C khoa in T - Tin Hc trng Cao ng K Thut Cao Thng gip chng em tch ly c vn kin thc v cng b ch lm nn tng cho cng vic sau ny. Sau khong thi gian tm hiu, thit k v thi cng n tt nghip, ti: iu khin thit b trong nh qua ng dy in thoi, cui cng, nhm em cng hon thnh cng vic. Nhng kt qu m nhm em c c l nh nhng kin thc tip thu c trong ba nm hc, bn cnh l s ch dn tn tnh ca Thy hng dn Thy Nguyn Trng Khanh, nh s gip ca thy c khoa in T - Tin Hc. Nhm em xin gi li cm n chn thnh nht n Ban Gim Hiu trng Cao ng K Thut Cao Thng, ban ch nhim khoa in T - Tin Hc, qu Thy C ca khoa, v c bit, nhm em xin gi li cm n n thy hng dn Nguyn Trng Khanh ht lng gip v to mi iu kin thun li nht nhm em hon thnh ti ny. Nhm thc hin.
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LI GII THIU
Trong thi i ngy nay, khoa hc k thut pht trin i hi sinh vin hc sinh hc phi i i vi hnh, bn cnh nhng l thuyt c bn trng lp, phi bit ng dng nhng g hc vo thc tin, c vy mi gip chng ta nm vng nhng kin thc mnh c, b sung thm kin thc mi v gp phn pht huy kh nng nng ng, sng to. S xut hin ca cc linh kin bn dn gp phn quan trng trong s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin, cng nghip in t. Cc thit b in t ra i ngy cng tinh vi hn, nh gn hn v nhiu chc nng hn, phc v tt hn cho nhu cu ca con ngi. Tuy ch mi xut hin nc ta, nhng cng ngh thng tin pht trin rt nhanh v gi vai tr quan trng trong nhiu lnh vc nh i sng, sn xut cng nghip H thng vin thng, dch v khch hng, thng tin di ng, nhn tin ngy cng pht trin vi tnh hin i v t ng ha ngy cng cao.
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CHNG 0: DN NHP
I. t vn : Trong nhng thp nin gn y, ngnh bu chnh vin thng pht trin mnh m to ra bc ngoc quan trng trong lnh vc thng tin p ng nhu cu ca con ngi. Bn cnh s pht trin khng ngng ca cng ngh thng tin di ng, chic in thoi bn vn mt v tr khng th thiu trong cuc sng. Ngoi chc nng chnh l thng thoi, cc nh cung cp dch v vn lun c gng pht trin thm nhiu tnh nng mi phc v cho nhu cu con ngi, cng l ti cho cc nh khoa hc, k thut tp trung nghin cu. Cuc sng hin i i hi con ngi lun bn rn vi cng vic, gi s mt ngi khi ang lm vic mt ni cch xa nh m khng bit hot ng ca cc thit b in trong nh c an ton hay khng, nhng lc nh vy, ngi y cn c mt thit b c th gip mnh khng nhng kim tra c trng thi ca cc thit b in trong nh, m cn c th iu khin chng tt hay m theo mun, iu ny i hi phi c mt thit b iu khin t xa. i vi h thng iu khin t xa bng hng ngoi c nhc im l b gii hn v khong cch. Tuy nhin, vi mng in thoi c m rng vi quy m trn ton th gii th khong cch khng cn l vn kh khn, bn cnh , s hot ng n nh v ng tin cy ca mng in thoi m ra mt hng i mi cho vic iu khin t xa. iu khin t xa qua ng dy in thoi l mt h thng m con ngi c th iu khin c cc thit b thng qua bn phm in thoi bn, vi thit b ny, ngi iu khin s c th tit kim c nhiu thi gian cho cng vic, va m bo cc tnh nng an ton cho cc thit b in gia dng. Ngoi ra, ng dng ca h thng iu khin t xa bng in thoi gip ta c th iu khin cc thit b, my mc nhng mi trng nguy him m con ngi khng th lm vic hoc tip xc trc tip c. Vi nhng tnh nng nh iu khin d dng, tin cy cao, kh nng lm vic n nh (do s dng ng dy in thoi truyn dn tn hiu), h thng iu khin t xa qua in thoi s gp phn phc v tt hn cho nhu cu ca con ngi. Xut pht t nhng tng v tnh hnh thc t nh nu, nhm chng em quyt nh chn ti H thng iu khin thit b trong nh qua ng dy in thoi lm ti n tt nghip. II. Gii thiu ti: iu khin thit b trong nh qua ng dy in thoi l s kt hp gia cc ngnh in in T v Vin Thng, s phi hp ng dng vi iu khin hin i v h thng thng tin lin lc hnh thnh mt hng nghin cu v pht trin cho Khoa Hc K Thut.
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iu khin thit b trong nh qua ng dy in thoi khc phc c nhiu gii hn trong h thng iu khin t xa v bo ng thng thng. H thng ny khng ph thuc vo khong cch, mi trng, i tng iu khin. im ni bt ca h thng ny l tnh lu ng ca tc nhn iu khin (c th s dng bt c u c in thoi bn), thao tc iu khin d dng, nhanh chng vi tin cy cao. TNG THIT K: tng thit k l da vo mng in thoi c sn thit k h thng t ng iu khin ng ngt cc thit b in trong nh vi s tr gip ca k thut vi iu khin. H thng ny c thit k trn m hnh ng ngt 4 thit b v phn hi kt qu cho ngi iu khin bit bng m thanh c lu tr v ci t sn. Ngoi ra, h thng ny ch c th iu khin c khi nhn ng m Password nn khng th xy ra trng hp ngi ngoi c th iu khin h thng do v tnh quay s ngu nhin. iu khin, u tin, ngi iu khin phi gi ti s my in thoi ni lp t thit b iu khin. in thoi c gi c mch iu khin mc song song vi dy in thoi (thit b mun iu khin c mc vo mch iu khin). Sau mt thi gian chung nht nh, nu khng c ai nhc my th mch s t ng iu khin ng mch. S ng mch ny to trng thi ti gi kt ni thu bao. Sau , ngi iu khin s nhn m Password xm nhp vo h thng iu khin. Khi nhn ng m Password, mch s pht ra li thng bo nh sau: Mi bn iu khin. Lc ny, mch iu khin sn sng nhn lnh. Nu nhn sai Password th ngi iu khin khng th xm nhp vo h thng iu khin c. Sau khi nhn ng m Password, ngi iu khin c th bt u kim tra trng thi tt c cc thit b trc khi iu khin. (V d: sau khi nhn ng m Password 2397, ri nhn tip s 5, lc ny, nu tt c cc thit b ang trng thi tt th ngi iu khin s nhn c tn hiu phn hi bng ging ni vi ni dung nh sau: Thit b 1 tt, thit b 2 tt, thit b 3 tt, thit b 4 tt). iu khin h thng, ta s quy nh cc m iu khin nh sau: + M Password iu khin l 2397. + S 6 c chn l lnh m thit b. + S 9 l lnh tt thit b. + S 8 l lnh tt tt c cc thit b. + S 1 c chn l thit b 1. + S 2 c chn l thit b 2. + S 3 c chn l thit b 3. + S 4 c chn l thit b 4. + S 5 l lnh kim tra trng thi tt c cc thit b. + Du * c chn l m thot khi h thng iu khin (khi nhn du * trn bn phm in thoi, h thng s t ngt kt ni vi ngi iu khin).
V d: nu mun tt thit b 1, ta bm s 91, mun m thit b 2, ta bm s 62. Sau mi ln iu khin, mch s pht ra ting ni bo kt qu cho ngi iu khin. V d: sau khi bm s 91, h thng s c tn hiu phn hi v bng ging ni vi ni dung nh sau: Thit b 1 tt. Khi ngi iu khin bm s 8 (m tt tt c thit b), s nhn c cu thng bo nh sau: Thit b 1 tt, thit b 2 tt, thit b 3 tt, thit b 4 tt. Phng n thit k v s khi: Mch thi cng gm cc khi sau: Khi cm bin chung. Khi kt ni thu bao. Khi gii m DTMF. Khi x l trung tm. Khi m thanh. Khi cng tc bn ngoi. T cc khi trn, ta kt hp li vi nhau thnh mt h thng hot ng hon chnh thi cng mch v vit chng trnh cho vi iu khin iu khin mch hot ng ng theo yu cu ra. S khi:
KHI DTMF TIP KHI CM BIN TN HIU CHUNG RING KHI X L TRUNG TM (CPU) KHI IU KHIN
KHI CNG TC BN NGOI
KHI KT NI THU BAO
KHI TO M THANH
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Trong h thng ny, ngi iu khin c th iu khin ti ch cc thit b bng cng tc ring bn ngoi m khng cn thng qua in thoi. Gii thch chc nng v mi quan h ca cc khi: + Khi x l trung tm: iu khin hot ng ca ton h thng, nhn tn hiu chung v s quyt nh kt ni thu bao nu khng c ngi nhc my, cc m iu khin c lu tr trong CPU, khi nhn c m t ngi iu khin, CPU s so snh vi m lnh c lu trong b nh, t , s cho chy chng trnh iu khin cc thit b cng nh iu khin pht m thanh. + Khi cm bin chung: cm bin tn hiu chung, khi c mt cuc gi n, khi ny s cm bin tn hiu, chuyn n CPU chy chng trnh iu khin kt ni thu bao. + Khi kt ni thu bao: nhn tn hiu iu khin t CPU, kt ni to trng thi ti gi ging nh thu bao ang nhc my. + Khi DTMF: trn ng dy in thoi, khi n phm in thoi, cc s c truyn di dng m a tn (gm mt tn hiu c tn s cao v mt tn hiu c tn s thp), khi ny s thu nhn t hp m a tn ny, sau chuyn thnh 4bit nh phn chuyn n CPU. + Khi iu khin: nhn lnh iu khin t CPU tt / m cc thit b. + Khi cng tc ngoi: gip ngi iu khin c th tt / m thit b m khng cn s dng qua in thoi. + Khi m thanh: to m thanh phn hi cho ngi iu khin bit trng thi ca cc thit b. + Khi ngun: to in p 5V n nh cung cp cho mch hot ng.
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CHNG I: L THUYT TNG QUAN

A. GII THIU S LC V TNG I: I. Khi nim v tng i: Tng i in thoi l mt h thng chuyn mch, n c nhim v kt ni cc cuc lin lc t thit b u cui ch gi n thit b u cui b gi. Ngy nay, k thut s v chuyn mch, truyn dnphn theo thi gian tr nn rt ph bin v l phng thc lm vic ch yu trong cc h tng i hin nay. Trong , k thut iu ch xung m (PCM) c s dng rt hiu qu trong cc mng truyn s liu, ting ni, hnh nh ang pht trin hin nay, l mng s lin kt dch v ISDN. II. Phn loi tng i: 1. Phn loi theo cng ngh: gm hai loi - Tng i nhn cng: vic kt ni thng thoi cho cc thu bao c thc hin bng thao tc trc tip ca con ngi. - Tng i t ng: chia lm hai loi chnh + Tng i c in: chuyn mch nh vo cc b chuyn mch c kh, c iu khin bng cc mch in t, bao gm: chuyn mch quay trn, chuyn mch tng nc, chuyn mch ngang dc. + Tng i in t: cc b chuyn mch bao gm cc linh kin bn dn, vi mch cng vi cc relay, analog switch c iu khin bi cc mch in t, vi mch. 2. Phn loi theo cu trc mng: Hin nay, mng vin thng Vit Nam c 5 loi sau: Tng i c quan PABE (Private Automatc Branch Exchange): c s dng trong cc c quan, khch sn v ch s dng trung k CO-Line. Tng i nng thn RE (Rural Exchange): c s dng cc x, khu dn c ng, chv c th s dng cc loi trung k. Tng i ni ht LE (Local Exchange): c t trung tm huyn tnh v s dng tt c cc loi trung k. Tng i ng di TE (Toll Exchange): dng kt ni cc tng i ni ht cc tnh vi nhau, chuyn mch cc cuc gi ng di trong nc, khng c mch thu bao. Tng i ca ng quc t GWE (Gate Way Exchange): tng i ny c dng chn hng v chuyn mch cuc gi vo mng quc t. ni cc mng quc gia vi nhau c th chuyn qu giang cc cuc gi. S khi tng i in thoi:
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Chc nng tng khi: a. Khi chuyn mch: thc hin thit lp tuyn ni gia mt u vo bt k vi mt u ra bt k. i vi h thng chuyn mch s, thit lp tuyn m thoi gia hai thu bao, cn phi thit lp tuyn ni cho c hai hng: i v v. b. Khi bo hiu: thc hin vic trao i thng tin bo hiu thu bao, thng tin bo hiu ng trung k lin i phc v cho qu trnh thit lp, gii phng cc cuc gi. c. Khi iu khin: phn tch, x l cc thng tin t khi bo hiu a ti thit lp hoc gii phng cuc gi. Thc hin tnh cc cho cc cuc gi Ngoi ra, khi iu khin cn c chc nng thuc v khai thc, bo dng h thng m bo cho h thng hot ng tin cy. d. Ngoai vi thu bao, trung k: thc hin chc nng giao tip gia cc ng dy thu bao, cc ng trung k vi khi chuyn mch. Thu bao c trang b c th l thu bao Analog, Digital ty theo cu trc mng tng i. Trung k c trang b c th l trung k Analog, Digital. III. Cc k thut chuyn mch in t: Chuyn mch theo phng php kt ni khng gian (space switch): thng c s dng cho chuyn mch tng t. Ngoi ra cn c s dng kt hp vi chuyn mch thi gian trong cc h chuyn mch TST, STS, TSTS Chuyn mch ghp: c hai loi l phn chia theo thi gian ghp cc cuc gi theo thi gian v phn chia theo tn s ghp cc cuc g theo tn s.
IV. H thng m hiu ca tng i: ng dy in thoi hin nay gm c hai dy v thng gi l Tip v Ring c mu v xanh. Tt c cc in thoi hin nay u c cp ngun t tng i thng qua hai dy Tip v Ring. in p cung cp thng l 48 VDC, nhng n cng c th thp n 47 VDC hoc cao n 105 VDC ty thuc vo tng i. Ngoi ra, hot ng giao tip c d dng, tng i gi mt s tn hiu c bit n in thoi nh tn hiu chung, tn hiu bo bn.v.v. a. Tn hiu chung (Ring Signal):
2s 48V 4s
Khi mt thu bao b gi th tng i s gi tn hiu chung n bo cho thu bao bit c ngi gi. Tn hiu chung l tn hiu xoay chiu AC thng c tn s 25Hz, tuy nhin n c th cao hn n 60Hz hoc thp hn n 16Hz. Bin ca tn hiu chung cng thay i t 40 VRMS n 130 VRMS thng l 90 VRMS. Tn hiu chung c gi theo dng xung, thng l 2 giy c, 4 giy khng. Hoc c th thay i ty thuc tng loi tng i. b. Tn hiu mi gi (Dial Signal):
y l tn hiu lin tc, khng phi l tn hiu xung nh cc tn hiu khc s dng trong h thng in thoi. Tn hiu ny c tao ra bi hai m thanh c tn s 350Hz v 440Hz. c. Tn hiu bo bn (Busy Signal):
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Khi thu bao nhc my thc hin mt cuc gi th thu bao s nghe mt trong hai tn hiu: Tn hiu mi cho php thu bao thc hin ngay mt cuc gi. - Tn hiu bo bn bo cho thu bao bit ng dy ang bn, khng th thc hin cuc gi ngay lc ny. Tn hiu bo bn l tn hiu xoay chiu c dng sin, tn s 425Hz, c chu k 1s (0.5s c v 0.5s khng).
0,5s
0,5s
d.
2s 10V
Tn hiu chung hi tip

4s
Tn hiu hi m chung (Ringback Tone): l tn hiu sin tn s f =425 25Hz, bin 2VRMS trn nn DC 10v, pht ngt qung 2s c, 4s khng. e. Gi sai s: nu bn gi nhm mt s m n khng tn ti th bn s nhn c tn hiu xung c tn s 200Hz 400Hz. Hoc i vi cc h thng in thoi ngy nay, bn s nhn c thng bo rng bn gi sai s. f. Tn hiu bo gc my: Khi thu bao nhc ng nghe ra khi in thoi qu lu m khng gi cho ai th thu bao s nhn c mt tn hiu chung rt ln cnh bo. Tn hiu ny l tng hp ca bn tn s 1400Hz + 2050Hz + 2450Hz + 2600Hz c pht ra dng xung 0.1s c v 0.1s khng.
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g. Tn hiu o cc:
ao cc
Tn hiu o cc chnh l s o cc tnh ca ngun ti tng i, khi hai thu bao bt u cuc m thoi, mt tn hiu o cc s xut hin. Khi h thng tnh cc ca tng i s bt u thc hin vic tnh cc m thoi cho thu bao gi. BNG TM TT TN S TN HIU TRONG H THNG IN THOI Vng hot ng (Hz) Tn hiu chung Tn hiu mi gi Tn hiu bo bn Tn hiu chung hi tip Tn hiu bo gc my 16 60 Chun (Hz) 425 25 425 25 425 25 425 25 Dng tn hiu v
Xung 2s on 4s off Hz Lin tc Hz Xung 0,5s on 0,5s Hz off Xung 2s on 4s off Hz
1400+2060 Xung 0,1s on 0,1s Hz + off 2450+2600 200-400 Lin tc Hz
Tn hiu sai s
B. KHI QUT CHUNG V MY IN THOI: I. Nguyn l thng tin in thoi: Thng tin in thoi l qu trnh truyn a ting ni t ni ny n ni khc bng dng in qua my in thoi. My in thoi l thit b u cui ca mng thng tin in thoi. Qu trnh thng tin c minh ha nh sau: 1. S : Mch in thoi n gin gm: ng dy - ng ni. - ng nghe. - Ngun in. ng nghe Sng m thanh - ng dy.
ng ni
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Ngun
Hnh: Nguyn l thng tin in thoi 2. Nguyn l: Khi ta ni trc ng ni ca my in thoi, dao ng m thanh ca ting ni s tc ng vo mng rung ca ng ni lm cho ng ni thay i, xut hin dng in bin i tng ng trong mch. Dng in bin i ny c truyn qua ng dy ti ng nghe ca my i phng lm cho mng rung ca ng nghe dao ng, lp khng kh trc mn rung dao ng theo, pht ra m thanh tc ng n tai ngi nghe v qu trnh truyn dn ngc li cng tng t. II. Nhng yu cu c bn v my in thoi: 1. Khi thu pht tn hiu chung th b phn m thoi phi c tch ri ng in, trn ng dy ch c dng tn hiu chung. 2. Khi m thoi, b phn pht v nhn tn hiu chung phi tch ra khi ng in, trn ng dy ch c dng in in thoi. 3. My phi pht c m s thu bao b gi ti tng i v phi nhn c tn hiu chung t tng i a ti. 4. Trng thi ngh, my thng trc n nhn tn hiu chung ca tng i. Ngoi ra, my cn phi ch to ngn gn, nh, n gin, bn, p, tin li cho mi ngi s dng. III. Nhng chc nng c bn ca my in thoi: 1. Chc nng bo hiu: bo cho ngi s dng in thoi bit tng i in thoi sn sng tip nhn hoc cha tip nhn cuc gi bng cc m hiu. 2. Pht m s ca thu bao b gi vo tng i bng cch thu bao ch gi n phm s trn my in thoi. 3. Thng bo cho ngi s dng in thoi bit tnh trng din bin vic kt ni mch bng cc m hiu.
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4. Bo hiu bng chung cho thu bao bit l c ngi ang gi mnh. 5. Bin m thanh thnh tn hiu in pht sang my i phng v chuyn tn hiu in t my i phng ti thnh m thanh. 6. Bo hiu cuc gi kt thc. 7. Kh trc m, chng ting di, ting keng, ting click khi pht xung s. 8. T ng iu chnh m lng v phi hp tr khng vi ng dy. . C. TM QUAN TRNG V NG DNG CA IU KHIN T XA: Mt nn cng nghip pht trin mnh lun i i vi cc thit b, my mc tinh vi hn, phc tp hn. Vi nn cng nghip pht trin nh th, iu khin t xa ng vai tr quan trng trong cng cuc cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc. Trong cng nghip, ti cc l phn ng, cc nh my hay ti nhng ni c mc nguy him cao m con ngi khng th tip cn iu khin c, ta phi cn n b iu khin t xa iu khin. iu khin t xa khng nhng phc v cho cng nghip hay nghin cu khoa hc m n cn gp mt phn khng nh vo phc v cho nhu cu cuc sng hng ngy ca con ngi. Ty thuc vo mc ch v yu cu m cc h thng iu khin t xa c cu to t n gin n phc tp. Tuy nhin, c th chia chng lm hai loi chnh l: iu khin t xa bng v tuyn v iu khin t xa bng hu tuyn.
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CHNG II: GII THIU CHUNG V B VI IU KHIN

I. Gii thiu: B vi iu khin vit tt l Micro-controller, l mch tch hp trn mt chip c th lp trnh c, dng iu khin hot ng ca mt h thng. Theo cc tp lnh ca ngi lp trnh, b vi iu khin tin hnh c, lu tr thng tin, x l thng tin, o thi gian v tin hnh ng, m mt c cu no . Trong cc thit b in v in t dn dng, cc b vi iu khin, iu khin hot ng ca TV, my git, in thoi, l viba Trong h thng sn xut t ng, b vi iu khin c s dng trong Robot, dy chuyn t ng. Cc h thng cng thng minh th vai tr ca h thng vi iu khin cng quan trng. II. Lch s pht trin ca cc b vi iu khin: B vi iu khin thc ra, l mt loi vi x l trong tp hp cc b vi x l ni chung. B vi iu khin c pht trin t b vi x l t nhng nm 70 do s pht trin v hon thin v cng ngh vi in t da trn k thut MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semicoductor), mc tch hp ca cc linh kin bn dn trong mt chip ngy cng cao. Nm 1971 xut hin b vi x l 4 bit loi TMS1000 do cng ty texas Instruments va l ni pht minh, va l ni sn xut. Nhn tng th th b vi x l ch c cha trn mt chip nhng chc nng cn thit x l chng trnh theo mt trnh t, cn tt c b phn ph tr khc cn thit nh: b nh d liu, b nh chng trnh, khi iu khin, khi hin th khi ng h l nhng linh kin nm bn ngoi v c ni vi b vi x l. Mi n nm 1976 cng ty INTEL (Interlligen-Elictronics) mi cho ra i b vi iu khin n chip u tin trn th gii vi tn gi 8048. Bn cnh b x l trung tm, 8048 cn cha b nh d liu, b nh chng trnh, b m v pht thi gian, cc cng v ra Digital trn mt chip. Cc cng ty khc cng ln lt cho ra i cc b vi iu khin 8 bit tng t nh 8048 v hnh thnh h vi iu khin MCS-48 (Microcontroller-system48). n nm1980 cng ty INTEL cho ra i th h th hai ca b vi iu khin n chip vi tn gi 8051. V sau , hng lot cc vi iu khin cng loi vi 8051 ra i v hnh thnh h vi iu khin MCS-51. n nay, h vi iu khin 8 bit MCS-51 c n 250 thnh vin v hu ht cc cng ty hng u th gii ch to. ng u l cng ty INTEL v rt nhiu cng ty khc nh: AMD. SIEMENS, PHILIPS, DALLAS, OKI III. Kho st b vi iu khin 8051: IC vi iu khin 8051 thuc h MCS-51, c ng gi theo tiu chun DIP gm 40 chn, c cc c im sau:
4kbyte ROM 128 byte RAM 4 port xut / nhp (I / O put port) 8bit Hai b nh thi (Timer): T0,T1 1 port ni tip 64KB khng gian b nh chng trnh m rng 64KB khng gian b nh d liu m rng Mt b x l lun l (thao tc trn cc bit n) 210 nh c a ch ha bit - B nhn / chia 4 s 1. Cu trc bn trong ca 8051:
IN T0 IN T1 SE IALPO T R R TIM R0 E TIM R1 E TIM 2 E
1 8b t 2 ye R AM 8 5 \8 5 01 02
IN TERRU T P C N O TRO L
O E TH R R G TE E IS R
1 8b t 2 ye R AM
R M O 4K 8031 : 4K 8051 : EPR M O 4K 8951 :
TIM 2 ER TIM 1 ER TIM 1 ER
CU P
BU S C N O TRO L OC S ILATO R
I/OP R OT
S IAL ER P RT O
EA \ R ST
A LE \ PSEN \
P0 P 1 P 2 P 3 Address \D ata
TX D R D X
Hnh 2.1: S khi 8051 Phn chnh ca vi iu khin 8051 l b x l trung tm (CPU: central processing unit) bao gm: - Thanh ghi tch ly A - Thanh ghi tch ly ph B, dng cho php nhn v php chia - n v logic hc (ALU: Arithmetic Logical Unit) T trng thi chng trnh (PSW: Program Status Word) - Bn bng thanh ghi
- Con tr ngn xp - Ngoi ra, cn c b nh chng trnh, b gii m lnh, b iu khin thi gian v logic. n v x l trung tm nhn trc tip xung t b dao ng, ngoi ra, cn c kh nng a mt tn hiu gi nhp t bn ngoi. Chng trnh ang chy c th cho dng li nh mt khi iu khin ngt bn trong. Cc ngun ngt c th l: cc bin c bn ngoi, s trn b m nh thi hoc cng c th l giao din ni tip. Hai b nh thi 16 bit hot ng nh mt b m. Cc cng (port0, port1, port2, port3) s dng vo mc ch iu khin. cng 3 c thm cc ng dn iu khin dng trao i vi mt b nh bn ngoi, hoc u ni giao din ni ni tip, cng nh cc ng ngt dn bn ngoi. Giao din ni tip c cha mt b truyn v mt b nhn khng ng b, lm vic c lp vi nhau. Tc truyn qua cng ni tip c th t trong dy rng v c n nh bng mt b nh thi. Trong vi iu khin 8051 c hai thnh phn quan trng khc l b nh v cc thanh ghi. B nh gm c b nh Ram v b nh Rom (ch c 8051) dng lu tr d liu v m lnh. Cc thanh ghi s dng lu tr thng tin trong qu trnh x l. Khi CPU lm vic, n lm thay i ni dung ca cc thanh ghi.
2. Chc nng cc chn vi iu khin:
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30 40 29
ALE
VC C
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PSEN
3 1
P P P P P P P P R P P P P P P P P
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X2
. . . . . . . .
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 T
/ / / / / / / /
R P W P TP TP IP IP TP R P
0D . 7 0 R. 6 10 . 5 00 . 4 N 0 T . 31 N 0 T . 20 X 0 D. 1 0X . D 0
/ / / / / / / /
3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A
2 D 3 D 4 D 5 D 6 D 7 D 8 D 9 D
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 5
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Hnh 2.2: S chn 8051 a. Port 0: (chn 32 39), c 8bit (P0.0 P0.7), c hai cng dng: + L cc ng xut / nhp thng thng + Khi s dng b nh ngoi th port 0 khng phi l cc ng xut / nhp bnh thng na m n l s kt hp gia bus a ch (A0 A7) v bus d liu (D0 D7) hnh thnh nn bus a hp (AD0 AD7). Lu : khi s dng port 0 th ta phi dng in tr ko ln, v cu trc ca port 0 l ng ra cc D ca Mosfet) b. port1: (chn 1 8), c 8 bit (P1.0 P1.7), ch c mt cng dng duy nht l cc ng xut / nhp thng thng dng giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi. c. port2: (chn 21 28), c 8 bit (P2.0 P2.7), c hai cng dng: + Khi s dng b nh ni th port 2 l mt port xut / nhp thng thng + Khi s dng b nh ngoi th port 2 ng vai tr l byte cao ca bus a ch (A8 A15) d. port3: (chn 10 17), c 8 bit (P3.0 P3.7), c hai cng dng (port ni tip) + L cc ng xut / nhp thng thng + N thc hin cc chc nng c bit: Bit P3.7 P3.6 P3.5 P3.4
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Tn
RD
W R
20
G N D
. . . . . . . .
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 X1
P P P P P P P P
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
. . . . . .
7 6 5 4 3 2 . 1 . 0
/ / / / / /
/2 A 1 9 / A 8
2 A 2 A 2 A 2 A 2 A 2 A 2
8 71 61 51 41 31 21
5 4 3 2 1 0
T1 T0
Chc nng c d liu t b nh ngoi Ghi d liu t b nh ngoi Ng vo Timer 1 Ng vo Timer 0

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P3.3 P3.2 P3.1 P3.0
I T 1 N IN 0 T
TxD RxD
Ng vo ngt ngoi 1 Ng vo ngt ngoi 0 Truyn d liu cho port ni tip Nhn d liu cho port ni tip
e. Vcc (chn 40) = +5V, Vss (chn 20) = 0V f. Chn RST (9): Reset. Chn s 9 c mc in th cao, ti thiu 2 chu k my th 8051 s khi ng li. C hai cch reset: + Cch 1: Reset t ng( Auto Reset): Reset khi cp ngun + Cch 2: Reset bng tay( Manual Reset)
5 V
0 0 1 0 u F
R S W 1 8 K 2
e s
e t
Mch Reset g. Chn 18 v 19 (XTAL 2 v XTAL1), l ng vo v ra ca mch dao ng trn chip. Tn s dao ng s ph thuc vo linh kin bn ngoi. Mch dao ng bn ngoi c thit k nh sau:
3 0 p F 1 9 ( X T A L 1 )
PE SN h. Store 3 0 p F 1 8 ( X T A L(Program 2 ) Enable): (chn 29), 0 dng iu khin truy E xut b nh ngoi. Chn PSEN thng c ni vi chn O ca ROM cho php c d liu t ROM ngoi i. ALE (Address Latch Enable): (chn 30), cho php cht a ch. Khi giao tip vi b nh ngoi th na u ca chu k b nh, chn ALE tch cc
1 2 M h z
cht byte thp ca bus a ch (A0 A7) vo mt thanh ghi. Trong na sau ca chu k b nh, th cc bit ca port 0 l cc bit xut / nhp d liu (D0 D7)
Cc xung tn hiu ALE c tc bng 1/6 ln tn s dao ng trn chip v c th c dng l ngun xung nhp cho cc h thng. k. EA (External Access): (chn 31), khi chng trnh thc thi trong b nh ni th chn EA khng cn tch cc ( EA phi ni ln ngun Vcc). Khi thc thi chng trnh vi b nh ngoi th chn EA phi ni xung mass, khi , ROM ni bn trong v hiu ha. 3. T chc b nh: B nh bn trong bao gm ROM (8051) v RAM trn chip, Ram trn chip bao gm nhiu thnh phn, phn lu tr a dng, phn lu tr a ch ha tng bit, cc BANK thanh ghi v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit. a. T chc b nh Ram ni: Vng Bank thanh ghi (dy thanh ghi): c 4 bank thanh ghi (bank 0 bank 3), mi bank c 8 thanh ghi (R0 R7), mi thanh ghi c 8 bit. Bank mc nh sau khi Reset h thng, mun s dng bank khc, ta phi iu chnh phn mm. Vng RAM a ch ha tng bit: c 128 bit c a ch ha gip cho ngi s dng truy cp nhanh v d. Vng RAM a mc ch (80 byte): Dng truy cp ty theo yu cu ca ngi s dng. b. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit SFR (Special Function Register): 1. Thanh ghi A (Acc: Accumilator): thanh ghi tch tr, l thanh ghi cha 8 bit dng lu tr kt qu x l ca cc php ton 2. Thanh ghi B (Base: nn): s dng chung vi thanh ghi A trong cc php ton nhn v chia hai s 8 bit 3. Thanh ghi PSW ( Progam Status Word): t trng thi chng trnh Bit PSW.7 PSW.6 PSW.5 PSW.4 PSW.3 PSW.2 PSW.1 PSW.0 Tn Bit CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV P a ch bit D7H D6H D5H D4H D3H D2H D1H D0H Chc nng Carry flag: c nh Auxiliary carry flag:c nh ph Zero flag: c khng Register bank select 1: chn bng thanh ghi bit 1 Register bank select 0: chn bng thanh ghi bit 0 Over flow flag: c bo trn D tr Even parity flag: c kim tra chn
CY (c nh): c CY s c set ln 1 khi c s nh t php ton cng hoc s mn t php ton tr.
V d: thanh ghi A c ni dung l: FFH Cng ni dung thanh ghi A cho 1, khi , s tr v thanh ghi A kt qu l: 00H v c CY = 1 AC (c nh ph): c set ln 1 khi c s t bit 3 trong cc php ton cng tr s BCD F0: set ln 1 nu kt qu bng 0 RS1 0 0 1 1 RS0 0 1 0 1 Chn Bank Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3
V d: mun s dng bank 2 trong RAM ni, ta ra lnh: Mov PSW,#00010000B OV (c trn): c OV c set ln 1 sau mt lnh cng hoc tr nu c mt php ton b trn. P (c kim tra chn): c P c set ln 1 khi tng s bit 1 trong kt qu cng vi bit 1 ca c P l mt s chn 4. Thanh ghi SP (Stack Pointer): con tr ngn ko, l mt thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 81H, n cha a ch ca byte d liu hin hnh trn nh ca ngn xp. Nguyn l truy cp d liu l FILO (First In Last Out: vo trc, ra sau). Mun ghi d liu vo Stack, ta dng lnh PUSH, mun ly d liy ra khi Stack, ta dng lnh POP. 5. Thanh ghi DPH v DPL DPH (8bit) DPL (8bit) Con tr d liu (DPTR) c dng truy cp b nh ngoi l mt thanh ghi 16 bit a ch 82H (DPL l byte thp) v 83H (DPH l byte cao). Ba lnh sau s ghi 55H vo RAM ngoi a ch 1000H: MOV A,#55H MOV DPTR,#1000H MOVX @DPTR,A Lnh u tin dng a ch tc thi np hng s d liu 55H vo thanh ghi tch ly. Lnh th hai cng dng a ch tc thi, ln ny np hng s a ch 16 bit 1000H vo con tr d liu. Lnh th ba dng a ch gin tip chuyn d liu trong A (55H) vo RAM ngoi c a ch c cha trong DPTR (1000H) 6. Cc thanh ghi port xut nhp:
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Cc port ca 8051 gm c Port 0 a ch 80H, Port 1 a ch 90H, Port 2 a ch A0H v Port 3 a ch B0H. Tt c cc cng u c a ch ha tng bit. iu cung cp mt kh nng giao tip thun li. 7. Cc thanh ghi TIMER: 8051 cha hai b nh thi m 16 bit c dng cho vic nh thi hoc m s kin. Timer 0 a ch 8AH (TL0 l byte thp) v 8CH (TH0 l byte cao). Timer 1 a ch 8BH (TL1 l byte thp) v 8DH (TH1 l byte cao). Hot ng ca Timer c t bi thanh ghi timer mode (TMOD) a ch 89H v thanh ghi iu khin timer (TCON) a ch 88H. Ch c TCON c a ch ha tng bit. 8. Cc thanh ghi port ni tip: 8051 cha mt port ni tip trn chip dnh cho vic trao i thng tin vi cc thit b ni tip nh my tnh, modem hoc cho vic giao tip vi cc IC khc c giao tip ni tip. Mt thanh ghi gi l b m d liu ni tip (SBUF: Serial Data Buffer) a ch 99H s gi c hai d liu truyn v nhn. Khi truyn d liu th ghi ln SBUF, khi nhn d liu th c SBUF. Cc cch lm vic khc nhau c lp trnh qua thanh ghi iu khin cng ni tip (SCON: Serial Port Control) c a ch ha tng bit a ch 98H. 9. Cc thanh ghi ngt: 8051 c cu trc 5 ngun ngt, hai mc u tin. Cc ngt b cm sau khi reset h thng v s c cho php bng cch ghi vo thanh ghi cho php ngt (IE) a ch A8H. C hai thanh ghi c a ch ha tng bit. c. B nh ngoi: 8051 c kh nng m rng b nh ln n 64K b nh chng trnh v 64K b nh d liu bn ngoi. Do , c th dng thm ROM v RAM nu cn. Khi dng b nh ngoi, Port 0 khng cn l mt cng I/O thun ty na. N c dn knh gia bus a ch (A0 A7) v bus d liu (D0 D7) vi tn hiu ALE cht byte thp ca a ch khi bt u mi chu k b nh. Port 2 thng thng c dng cho byte cao ca bus a ch. Trong na u ca mi chu k b nh, byte thp ca a ch c cp trong Port 0 v c cht bng xung ALE. Mt IC cht 74HC373 (hoc tng ng) s gi byte a ch thp trong phn cn li ca chu k b nh. Trong na sau ca chu k b nh, Port 0 c dng nh bus d liu v c c hoc ghi ty theo lnh. Truy xut b nh chng trnh ngoi: B nh chng trnh ngoi l mt IC ROM c cho php bi tn hiu PE S N . Mt chu k my ca 8051 c 12 chu k xung nhp. Nu mch dao ng trn chip c li bi thch anh 12 Mhz th chu k my di 1s. Truy xut b nh d liu ngoi: B nh d liu ngoi l mt b nh RAM c cho php c/ghi bng R cc tn hiu R v W (cc chn P3.7 v P3.6 vi chc nng khc). Ch c D mt
2)
cch truy cp b nh d liu ngoi l dng lnh MOVX vi con tr d liu (DPTR) 16 bit hoc R0 v R1 lm thanh ghi a ch. d. Hot ng ca b nh thi (TIMER): 1) Gii thiu: Timer l mt chui cc Flip-Flop chia i tn s mc ni tip vi nhau, chng nhn tn hiu vo lm ngun xung nhp. Xung nhp c a vo FlipFlop th nht chia i tn s xung nhp. Ng ra ca Flip-Flop th nht lm xung nhp cho Flip-Flop th haiV mi tng k tip chia i cho nn Timer c n tng s cho xung ra c tn s l tn s xung nhp chia cho 2 n. Ng ra ca tng cui lm xung nhp cho Flip-Flop bo trn ca Timer. Gi tr nh phn trong cc Flip-Flop ca Timer c th xem nh s m xung nhp (hoc cc s kin) t khi Timer bt u chy. V d, Timer 16 bit s m ln t 0000H n FFFFH. C bo trn s ln 1 khi s m trn t FFFFH n 0000H. 8051 c hai Timer 16 bit, mi Timer c bn ch hot ng. Ngi ta s dng Timer : nh khong thi gian, m s kin, to tc Baud cho cng ni tip c sn trong 8051. Thanh ghi ch Timer (TMOD) Thanh ghi Tmod gm hai nhm 4 bit t ch lm vic cho timer 0 v timer 1 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Tn GATE C/ T M1 M0 GATE C/ T M1 M0 Timer 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 M t Bit m cng Bit chn ch Counter/Timer Bit 1 ca chn ch Bit 0 ca chn ch Bit m cng Bit chn ch Counter/Timer Bit 1 ca chn ch Bit 0 ca chn ch
Tm tt thanh ghi TMOD M1 0 0 1 1 M0 0 1 0 1 Ch M t 0 Ch nh thi 13 bit 1 Ch nh thi 16 bit 2 Ch nh thi 8 bit 3 Ch tch Timer bit
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Cc ch hot ng ca Timer
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V d: mun s dng Timer 0, ch 1, ta ra lnh: MOV TMOD,#00000001B Hoc: MOV TMOD,#01H Mun chn Timer 0, mode 1 v Timer 1, mode 1, ta ra lnh: MOV TMOD,#11H Thanh ghi iu khin timer (TCON) Thanh ghi TCON cha cc bit iu khin v trng thi cho timer 0 v timer 1. Bn bit cao ca TCON (TCON.4 TCON.7) c dng bt timer chy v tt timer (TR0, TR1), hoc bo hiu trn timer (TF0, TF1). Bn bit thp trong TCON (TCON.0 TCON.3) khng nh hng n cc Timer. Chng c dng pht hin v khi ng ngt ngoi. Bit K hiu a ch bit M t TCON.7 TF1 8FH C bo trn Timer 1 TCON.6 TR1 8EH Bit iu khin Timer 1 chy TCON.5 TF0 8DH C bo trn Timer 0 TCON.4 TR0 8CH Bit iu khin Timer 0 chy TCON.3 IE1 8BH C cnh ngt 1 bn ngoi TCON.2 IT1 8AH C kiu ngt 1 bn ngoi TCON.1 IE0 89H C cnh ngt 0 bn ngoi TCON.0 IT0 88H C kiu ngt 0 bn ngoi Tm tt thanh ghi TCON V d: Mun cho Timer 1 hot ng, ta ra lnh: Setb TR1 Mun cho Timer 0 dng, ta ra lnh: Clr TR0 TF1 v TF0 l hai bit bo trn timer. Khi cho timer hot ng tc l b m bt u m t 0000h FFFFh. Trn xy ra khi c s chuyn tip t FFFFh 0000h trong s m v n t c bo trn Timer ln 1. 4) ng dng Timer: Dng nh cc khong thi gian di v ngn. Nu mun nh thi <10 s th khng nn dng Timer m ta nn s dng phng php hiu chnh phn mm. Nu mun nh thi <256 s, th ta s dng Timer hot ng ch 2 Nu mun nh thi <65536 s, th ta s dng Timer hot ng ch 1 Nu mun nh thi >65536 s, th ta s dng Timer hot ng ch 1 kt hp vi cc vng lp. Hot ng ca port ni tip: 8051 c mt cng ni tip trn chip m c th hot ng theo nhiu ch trn mt di rng tn s. Chn pht TxD (P3.1) v chn thu RxD (P3.0). Nhim v ca Port ni tip l chuyn d liu t song song sang ni tip khi pht. Chuyn t ni tip sang song song khi thu.
e.
Tn s hot ng ca Port ni tip gi l tc Baud (Baud rate). Tn s ny c th c nh hoc thay i. Nu tn s ny thay i th Timer 1 s c s dng lp trnh lm xung clock cp tc Baud ph hp. Cc thanh ghi dng iu khin v truy xut Port ni tip l SCON v SBUF. 8051 c mt SCON, c hai SBUF ( mt bn pht, mt bn thu) 1) Thanh ghi iu khin Port ni tip SCON: Th t Tn bit a ch Chc nng bit SCON.7 SM0 9FH Ch cng ni tip bit 0 SCON.6 SM1 9EH Ch cng ni tip bit 1 SCON.5 SM2 9DH Ch hot ng c bit cho port ni tip SCON.4 REN 9CH Bit cho php thu SCON.3 TB8 9BH Bit d liu pht th 9 SCON.2 RB8 9AH Bit d liu thu th 9 SCON.1 TI 99H Bit ngt pht (c set ln 1 khi kt thc truyn k t v xa bng phn mm) SCON.0 RI 98H Bit ngt thu (c set ln 1 khi kt thc nhn k t v xa bng phn mm) 2) Cc ch hot ng ca Port ni tip: SM0 SM1 Ch M t Tc Baud 0 0 0 Thanh ghi dch C nh (tn s dao ng 12) 0 1 1 UART 8 bit Thay i c (chnh bng Timer) 1 0 2 UART 9 bit C nh (tn s dao ng 12) 1 1 3 UART 9bit Thay i c (chnh bng Timer) f. Hot ng ngt (Interrupt): Ngt l mt s kin (bin c) lm cho chng trnh hin hnh b tm dng do tc ng t bn ngoi hay bn trong phc v mt chng trnh khc. Chng trnh khc c gi l trnh phc v ngt ISR (Interrupt Service Routine). Sau khi thc thi xong ISR th chng trnh s bt u ti ni m n b dng trc . 8051 c nm ngun ngt: T - Ngt ngoi: Ngt ngoi 1 ( IN 1 : P3.3) T Ngt ngoi 0 ( IN 0 : P3.2) - Ngt trong: Ngt Timer 0, ngt Timer 1 v ngt Port ni tip 1) Thanh ghi cho php ngt IE: Bit IE.7 K hiu EA a ch bit AFH M t Cho php/cm ton b
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IE.6 IE.5 IE.4 IE.3 IE.2 IE.1 IE.0
ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0
AEH ADH ACH ABH AAH A9H A8H
Khng c nh ngha Cho php ngt Timer 2 (ch c 8052) Cho php ngt port ni tip Cho php ngt Timer 1 Cho php ngt ngoi 1 Cho php ngt Timer 0 Cho php ngt ngoi 0
2) Thanh ghi u tin ngt IP: Bit IP.7 IP.6 IP.5 IP.4 IP.3 IP.2 IP.1 IP.0 K hiu PT2 PS PT1 PX PT0 PX0 a ch bit M t Khng c nh ngha Khng c nh ngha BDH u tin cho ngt t Timer 2 (8052) BCH u tin cho ngt ca cng ni tip BBH u tin cho ngt t Timer 1 BAH u tin cho ngt ngoi 1 B9H u tin cho ngt t Timer 0 B8H u tin cho ngt ngoi 0
Mun ngun ngt no u tin th set bit tng ng. Nu hai ngun ngt c mc u tin khc nhau m xut hin ng thi th ngt no c u tin cao hn c thc hin trc. Nu nhiu ngun ngt c mc u tin nh nhau xut hin ng thi th trnh t thc hin s l: Ngt ngoi 0 ngt timer 0 ngt ngoi 1 ngt timer 1 ngt port ni tip ngt timer 2. 3) T chc ngt trong 8051: Bng Vect ngt: Ngt C a ch Vect Reset h thng RST 0000H Ngt ngoi 0 IE0 0003H Ngt timer 0 TF0 000BH Ngt ngoi 1 IE1 0013H Ngt timer 1 TF1 001BH Ngt port ni tip TI hoc RI 0023H Ngt timer 2 TF2 hoc EXF2 002BH
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Ngt ngoi: khi c tc ng t bn ngoi th c IE0 hoc IE1 c set ln 1, khi , ngt ngoi s c thc thi. C s t ng xa bng phn cng khi vi iu khin thc hin trnh phc v ngt. Ngt timer: khi c TF0, TF1 (TFx) c set ln 1 th ngt timer s c tc ng, TFx t ng xa bng phn cng khi vi iu khin thc hin trnh phc v ngt. Ngt port ni tip: khi c TI hoc RI c set ln 1 tc l tc ng ngt port ni tip. C RI hoc TI khng t ng xa bng phn cng khi vi iu khin thc thi trnh phc v ngt, do , phi xa bng phn mm. 4. Tp lnh ca 8051: ADD A, Rn (1byte, 1 chu k my): cng ni dung thanh ghi Rn vo thanh ghi A. ADD A, data (2,1): cng trc tip 1byte vo thanh ghi A. ADD A, @Ri (1,1): cng gin tip ni dung vo RAM cha ti a ch c khai bo trong Ri vo thanh ghi A. ADD A, #data (2,1): cng d liu tc thi vo A. ADD A,Rn (1,1): cng thanh ghi v c nh vo A. ADD A,data (2,1): cng trc tip byte d liu v c nh vo A. ADD A, @Ri (1,1): cng gin tip ni dung RAM v c nh vo A. ADD A, #data (2,1): cng d liu tc thi v c nh vo A. SUBB A,Rn (1,1): tr ni dung thanh ghi A cho ni dung thanh ghi Rn v c nh. SUBB A,data (2,1): tr trc tip A cho mt s v c nh. SUBB A,@Ri (1,1): tr gin tip A cho mt s v c nh. SUBB A,#data (2,1): tr ni dung A cho mt s tc thi v c nh. INC A (1,1): tng ni dung thanh ghi A ln 1. INC Rn (1,1): tng ni dung thanh ghi Rn ln 1. INC data (2,1): tng d liu trc tip ln 1. INC @Ri (1,1): tng gin tip ni dung vng RAM ln 1. DEC A (1,1): gim ni dung thanh ghi A xung 1. DEC Rn (1,1): gim ni dung thanh ghi Rn xung 1. DEC data (2,1): gim d liu trc tip xung 1 DEC @Ri (1,1): gim gin tip ni dung vng RAM xung 1. INC DPTR (1,2): tng ni dung con tr d liu ln 1. MUL AB (1,4): nhn ni dung thanh ghi A vi ni dung thanh ghi B. DIV AB (1,4): chia ni dung thanh ghi A cho ni dung thanh ghi B. DA A (1,1): hiu chnh thp phn thanh ghi A. ANL A,Rn (1,1): AND ni dung thanh ghi A vi ni dung thanh ghi Rn ANL A,data (2,1): AND ni dung thanh ghi A vi d liu trc tip.
ANL A,@Ri(1,1): AND ni dung thanh ghi A vi d liu gin tip trong RAM. ANL A,#data (2,1): AND ni dung thanh ghi A vi d liu tc thi. ANL data,A (2,1): AND mt d liu trc tip vi A. ANL data,#data (3,2): AND mt d liu trc tip vi mt d liu tc thi. ANL C,bit (2,2): AND c nh vi 1 bit trc tip. ANL C,/bit (2,2): AND c nh vi b 1 bit trc tip . ORL A,Rn (1,1): OR thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi Rn. ORL A,data (2,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mt d liu trc tip. ORL A,@Ri (1,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mt d liu gin tip. ORL A,#data (2,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mt d liu tc thi. ORL data,A (2,1): OR mt d liu trc tip vi thanh ghi A. ORL data,#data (3,1): OR mt d liu trc tip vi mt d liu tc thi. ORL C,bit (2,2): OR c nh vi mt bit trc tip. ORL C,/bit (2,2): OR c nh vi b ca mt bit trc tip. XRL A,Rn (1,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi Rn XRL A,data (2,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mt d liu trc tip. XRL A,@Ri (1,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mt d liu gin tip. XRL A,#data (2,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mt d liu tc thi. XRL data,A (2,1): XOR mt d liu trc tip vi thanh ghi A. XRL data,#data (3,1): XOR mt d liu trc tip vi mt d liu tc thi. SETB C (1,1): set c nh ln 1. SETB bit (2,1): set mt bit trc tip ln 1. CLR A (1,1): xa thanh ghi A. CLR C (1,1): Xa c nh. CPL A (1,1): b ni dung thanh ghi A. CPL C (1,1): b c nh. CPL bit (2,1): b mt bit trc tip. RL A (1,1): quay tri ni dung thanh ghi A. RLC A (1,1): quay tri ni dung thanh ghi A qua c nh. RR A (1,1): quay phi ni dung thanh ghi A. RRC A (1,1): quay phi ni dung thanh ghi A qua c nh. SWAP (1,1): quay tri ni dung thanh ghi A 1 nibble (1/2byte). MOV A,Rn (1,1): chuyn ni dung thanh ghi Rn vao thanh ghi A. MOV A,data (2,1): chuyn d liu trc tip vo thanh ghi A. MOV A,@Ri (1,1): chuyn d liu gin tip vo thanh ghi A.
32
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
MOV A,#data (2,1): chuyn d liu tc thi vo thanh ghi A. MOV Rn,data (2,2): chuyn d liu trc tip vo thanh ghi Rn. MOV Rn,#data (2,1): chuyn d liu tc thi vo thanh ghi Rn. MOV data,A (2,1): chuyn ni dung thanh ghi A vo mt d liu trc tip. MOV data,Rn (2,2): chuyn ni dung thanh ghi Rn vo mt d liu trc tip. MOV data,data (3,2): chuyn mt d liu trc tip vo mt d liu trc tip. MOV data,@Ri (2,2): chuyn mt d liu gin tip vo mt d liu gin tip. MOV data,#data (3,2): chuyn mt d liu tc thi vo mt d liu trc tip. MOV @Ri,A (1,1): chuyn ni dung thanh ghi A vo mt d liu gin tip. MOV @Ri,data (2,2): chuyn mt d liu trc tip vo mt d liu gin tip. MOV @Ri,#data (2,1): chuyn mt d liu tc thi vo mt d liu gin tip. MOV DPTR,#data16 (3,2): chuyn mt hng 16 bit vo thanh ghi con tr d liu. MOV C,bit (2,1): chuyn mt bit trc tip vo c nh. MOV bit,C (2,2): chuyn c nh vo mt bit trc tip. MOV A,@A+DPTR (1,2): chuyn byte b nh chng trnh c a ch l: @A+DPTR vo thanh ghi A. MOVC A,@A+PC (1,2): chuyn byte b nh chng trnh c a ch l: @A+PC vo thanh ghi A. MOV A,@Ri (1,2): chuyn d liu ngoi (8 bit a ch) vo thanh ghi A. MOVX A,@DPTR (1,2): chuyn d liu ngoi (16 bit a ch) vo thanh ghi A MOVX @Ri,A (1,2): chuyn ni dung A ra d liu ngoi (8 bit a ch). MOVX @DPTR,A (1,2): chuyn ni dung A ra d liu ngoi (16 bit a ch). PUSH data (2,2): chuyn d liu trc tip vo ngn xp v tng SP. POP data (2,2): chuyn d liu trc tip vo ngn xp v gim SP. XCH A,Rn (1,1): Trao i d liu gia thanh ghi A v thanh ghi Rn. XCH A,data (2,1): Trao di d liu gia thanh ghi A v mt d liu trc tip.
33
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
XCH A,@Ri (1,1): Trao di d liu gia thanh ghi A v mt d liu gin tip. XCHD A,@Ri (1,1): Trao i d liu gia nibble thp (LSN) ca thanh ghi A v LSN ca d liu gin tip. ACALL addr11 (2,2): gi chng trnh con dng a ch tuyt i. LCALL addr16 (3,2): gi chng trnh con dng a ch di. RET (1,2): tr v t lnh gi chng trnh con. RETI (1,2): tr v t lnh gi ngt. AJMP addr11 (2,2): nhy tuyt i. LJMP addr16 (3,2): nhy di. SJMP rel (2,2): nhy ngn. JMP @A+DPTR (1,2): nhy gin tip t con tr d liu. JZ rel (2,2): nhy nu bng 0. JNZ rel (2,2): nhy nu khng bng 0. JC rel (2,2): nhy nu c nh c t. JNC rel (2,2): nhy nu c nh khng c t. JB bit,rel (3,2): nhy tng i nu bit trc tip c t. JNB bit,rel (3,2): nhy tng i nu bit trc tip khng c t. JBC bit,rel (3,2): nhy tng i nu bit trc tip c t, ri xa bit. CJNE A,data,rel (3,2): so snh d liu trc tip vi A v nhy nu khng bng. CJNE A,#data,rel (3,2): so snh d liu tc thi vi A v nhy nu khng bng. CJNE Rn,#data,rel (3,2): so snh d liu tc thi vi ni dung thanh ghi Rn v nhy nu khng bng. CJNE @Ri,#data,rel (3,2): so snh d liu tc thi d liu gin tip v nhy nu khng bng. DJNZ Rn,rel(2,2): gim thanh ghi Rn v nhy nu khng bng. DJNZ data,rel (3,2): gim d liu trc tip v nhy nu khng bng.
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
34
S MCH
5 T I P C 1 D L 1 V 3 E D
+ 5 D D V 9 I O D E3 1 2 R 1 Q N T T A I P I G2 . I 2A K K H O I T A I G I A 1 P N B C R E 1 C 0 0 u F R 3 1 0 0 E L A Y S P D 3 B T R I D G E 5 4 2 + 4 Q C 2 2 3 8 3 1 D 2 R 2 1 8 K
1 B R 2
u I D -
/ 2 5 D 0 1V G E + 4 3
R R 1 R 2 1 3 0 C F 2 / 13 0 V 0 V 3 D 3 0 Z 2 4 N 3 5 U 1 6 5 4 C H 3
3 3 0
I N
G 1 0 u 3
0
G
+ 5 V
I C
IE N
I N
5 T I PC 1 T 1 0 u R 1 C 3 / 2 A 5 N 2 3 M C 4 p C 5 Y 3 3 E 0 R p 2 R 1
V
A A A A H P E L T T A D 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 M 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 A Y M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
40 VC C
EA
31
I N
G T
1 F
VCC TOE
0 O
0 R 3
1 + 2 I N 1 - S T / 3 I N G S 4 1 V R E E F S 7 8 O O 1 5 . 5 6 8G G M T S S NM N GND C S C Q Q DH Q D Q 8 K H 1 1T1 2 14 13 z 12 1 7 0 O
18 10
F 1 / 02 05 K0 V 0 V R 2 C
C 0 7 G 6 T 5 D4 3 2 1 R 3 T 3 0 D D D D 0 1 K 3 2 7 1 0 U
3 . 1 u F
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
. . . . . . . .
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P P P P P P P P
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
. . . . . . . .
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
/ / / / / / / /
3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A
9 D 8 D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D D D D
0 1 2 3
3 2 4 0 4
D
C C C C T T T T 3 3 p T T T T B B B B 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
T . . . . . . . . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 / / / / / / / / RP X D 7 2 . TP X 2 D . 6 I P N 2 T . 05 I P N 2 T . 14 TP 0 2 . 3 TP 1 2 . 2 WP R . 1 2 R P D2 . 0 P G N D A S L / / / / / / 2 A 2 A 2 A 2 A 2 A 2 A 2 8 71 61 51 41 31 21 5 4 3 2 1 0
/2 A 1 9 / A 8
T A I G C H U
I A O N
X 2 X 1 H z
2 9 E N E 3 0
0
V A A A A R 1 6 0 R 0 0 1 2 3 7 K R 1 0 8 0 A A A 1 0A 1 A 2 A 3 A A 4 5 6 9 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 A 3 4 7 5 6 M I S D 1 4 P P R R X C L L E E L AA AM YN YI C M C A L S KS S V + V 2 8 C 1 C6 C C C 0 G G N N N 1 1 2 2 D 3 D C 3 A 0 C 3 0 2K 0
14
20
3 p
X U
L Y
T R
T A
R 1 21 K . 1 u F
+ + 5 V D 1 1 N 4 0 0 7 3 R 1 2 . 2 K 7 4 L S 8 6 + 5 U 1 B 6 R 7 4 L S 8 6 2 . 2 K 2 Q 2 2 S C 1 8 1 5 V D 1 Q 1 2 S C 1 8 1 5 1 2 R E L K 1 5 4 1 2 L A M P 5 V 2 2 0 D S 1 V A C
L P P R
E L L E
D A0 A C
Y. 0 L 0 1 1 0 u 0 F K Y E
K 2 2 2
R 1
2 2
I0N . 1 u F 2 1 R 2 LA O 5 U . 1 T K 1 8 C 4 1 CE R E F 0 . 1 2 u F 1 7C 5 I C 0 . 1 u FM I C 1 9 G E CD 1 4 P 1 +5 P P E A C 4 K R 4 R R5 E . 7 1u 0F K E R 6
R 1
1 0 u F
S C C C C T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4
W S
1W S
2W S
3W
4 U 1 A 3
1 2
Y D S 2
0
2 N 4 0 0 7 3 1 2 R E K 2 5 4 1 2
4 5 T B T B T B T B 1 2 3 4
L A
E
1 3 1 2
Y D S 3
1 D 1 1 +
0
5 V D 3 1 R 3 Q 3 2 S C 1 8 1 5 N 4 0 0 7 3 1 2 R E K 3 5 4 1 2 L A M P
7 4
L S
0
P L A Y H E T A
I S
R
9 1 0 7 4 L S 7
1 C 8 2 . 2 K
Y D S 4
8 6
0
+ 5 V D 1 4 N 4 0 0 7 3 K 4 5 4 1 2
L A
I D O
N G
L U C
R 4 Q 4 2 S C
1 2 R E L A Y
I A
2 . 2 K
1 8
1 5
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
1 2 P P
35
CHNG III: THIT K PHN CNG

I H thng mch in gm hai phn: mch iu khin v mch m thanh. II A. MCH IU KHIN: I. S NGUYN L : (km theo ti liu) Nguyn l hot ng ca b phn iu khin: Khi mun iu khin, ngi iu khin gi s my cn iu khin. Tng i s xem my cn iu khin c bn khng, nu my ny khng bn th tng i s cp chung cho my c gi. Tn hiu chung c chnh lu thnh in p DC cp cho Opto 4N35. Tn hiu chung lm cho Opto dn, ng ra t mc logic cao xung mc logic thp a n vi iu khin chy chng trnh, chng trnh ny s nh thi gian i chung, sau mt thi gian nht nh m khng c ngi nhc my th chng trnh ca vi mch s iu khin relay ng mch kt ni thu bao. Khi ng mch kt ni thu bao, in tr mch vng thu bao gim xung cn khong 150 1500 . Lc , trn ng dy xut hin dng DC t 20 100mA. Tng tr gim xung tng ng trng tha nhc my ca thu bao, tng i nhn bit s thay i ny, ngng cung cp tn hiu chung v cung cp dng thng thoi cho thu bao. Khi ngi iu khin nhn phm no th mt cp tone gm mt tn s cao v mt tn s thp tng ng s truyn trn ng dy thu bao. Tn hiu DTMF ny s c mt IC chuyn dng MT8870 gii m DTMF ra thnh 4 bit tng ng vi s ca phm nhn. ng thi lc chn STD ca MT8870 s chuyn trng thi t mc logic cao xung mc logic thp tc ng vo vi iu khin vi iu khin n nhn lnh v thi hnh. Sau khi nhn bit u bn kia ng ti gi, ngi iu khin bm m password xm nhp vo h thng iu khin. M password trong h thng ny c quy nh 4 s l 2397. Nu ngi iu khin bm sai m password th s khng xm nhp c vo h thng. Nu ngi iu khin bm mt trong bn m password th h thng s ch cho n khi bm xong m . Sau khi bm ng m password 2397, chng trnh con c gi pht ra li gii thiu. Ngi iu khin sau khi c gi nh trng thi ca cc thit b th c th tip tc iu khin cc thit b khc v vi iu khin cng s bo trng thi ca thit b sau mi ln nhn lnh iu khin. Sau khi nhn ng m password 2397, nu lc ny ngi iu khin mun kim tra trng thi ca tt c thit b trc khi iu khin th s bm m s 5 (m s 5 c quy nh l m kim tra trng thi tt c cc thit b trong h thng iu khin). Sau nhn ng s 5, ngi iu khin s nghe c tn hiu phn hi v bng ting ni bo trng thi tt c cc thit b. Sau , ngi iu
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
36
khin mun tt hay m thit b no th s bm cc m s tng ng. Nu mun tt thit b th ngi iu khin s bm s 9 (s 9 c quy nh l m tt thit b), cn nu mun m thit b th s bm s 6 (s 6 c quy nh l m m thit b), nu mun iu khin cho thit b no th s ph thuc vo m s th hai. Trong h thng ny, cc m s c quy nh cho cc thit b nh sau: S 1 tng ng cho thit b 1 S 2 tng ng cho thit b 2 S 3 tng ng cho thit b 3 S 4 tng ng cho thit b 4 V d: mun tt thit b 1, ngi iu khin phi bm m 91 (m s 9 l m tt v m s 1 l thit b 1). Sau khi nhn ng m 91, thit b 1 s c tt v vi iu khin s cho truy xut EPROM bo trng thi thit b 1 va mi iu khin vi ni dung: thit b mt tt. Nu ngi iu khin mun m tip thit b 3 th s bm m 63 ( m s 6 l m m, m s 3 l thit b 3), sau khi thit b 3 c m xong, ngi iu khin s nhn c thng bo: thit b ba m. II . TNH TON V THIT K H THNG: 1. KHI CM BIN CHUNG: 1.1 S nguyn l :
5 T I P C 1 1 D u F / 2 5
2
V 3
0 V
6 R 1 R 2
1
U 3 0
2
1
6 5 4
R 3 3 3 0
3 R I N G B R I D
3
3 0 C 2 F / 1 0 0 V 3 V D Z
E 1
0 u
Mch cm bin chung 1.2Nguyn l hot ng: Khi tng i cp tn hiu chung cho thu bao. Tn hiu chung c cc thng s: 75Vrms 90 Vrms, f = 25 Hz, 3 giy c 4 giy khng. Tn hiu ny qua t C1, t C1 c nhim v ngn dng DC ch cho tn hiu chung i qua. ng thi, C1 to ra st p AC lm gim bin tn hiu chung.
Sau , tn hiu chung qua cu Diode chnh lu ton k. Mc ch ca cu diode khng nhng l to ng ra ca cu diode tn hiu in p c cc tnh nht nh m cn tng i tn s gn sng, nhp nh ca tn hiu, nh vy, tn s gn sng sau khi qua cu diode l 50Hz. Khi tn s ln hn th vic trit tiu nhp nh ca tn hiu d hn. T C2 dng lc bt nhp nh ny. Zener dng n p cho opto. Khi diode opto phn cc thun, diode ny s pht quang kch vo cc B ca transistor c cc C c ni in tr ln ngun +5V thng qua in tr R2 phn cc cho transistor. Khi c tn hiu chung, transistor dn bo ha to ng ra ti cc C mc logic thp. Khi khng c tn hiu chung, transistor ngng dn to mc logic cao cc C. Tm li, khi c tn hiu chung, mch ny cho ra l mc logic 0, khi khng c tn hiu chung th mch ny cho ra l mc logic 1. Ngoi ra, khi thng thoi, cc tn hiu thoi khc c bin nh nn khng tc ng n mch, nh vy, cc tn hiu khc s khg nh hng n mch ngoi tr tn hiu chung. Ch , Opto dng cch ly in p ca tn hiu chung, chuyn i chng thnh mc logic ph hp cho cc IC s. 1.3 Thit k v tnh ton: Tn hiu chung ca tng i cp cho thu bao c in p hiu dng khong 75Vrms n 90Vrms, tn s 25HZ. C1: chia p, chn DC cho tn hiu chung i qua. C2: lc phng ngun DC chnh lu. R1: phn cc cho diode zener Zener : n p bo v Opto R2: hn dng cho led Opto. Opto: cch ly din p DC ca tn hiu chung v in p ngun cung cp cho vi x l, bin tn hiu DC thnh cc mc logic. Chn R1=330 , chn Zener =3V, I Z min =4mA Dng qua led opto 4mA St p trn Led opto khong 1,1V
I
D C
=I Z min +I Dopto =8mA I AC =8. /

5,6. =12V 2
=17mA
3 V DC =8.R1+V Z =8.330 .10 +3=5,6V
V AC =
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38
V C1 =75V - V AC -2.V D =75-12-1,4=61,6V 62V

Z C1 =
V 1 c Ia c 62 = 17 =4K C1= 2 .Zc 1 = 2.3,14 .25 .4.10 3 = 1,5 F f
1
chn C1= 1 F
3 R2=V Z -V poto /Iopto=3- 1,1/4.10 =470
Chn R2=330 Chn dng qua led : 10mA St p trn Led :2V
R3=
5 2 =300 10 .10 3
Chn R3 = 330 2. KHI KT NI THU BAO: 2.1 S nguyn l:

+ 5 D D V 9 I O D E3 1 2 D I O D E R T A I G I A T I P 1 Q N 2 . 2 K 1 P N B C R E 1 0 C 0 u F R 3 1 0 0 E L A Y S P D 3 B T R I D G E 5 4 2 + 4 Q C 2 2 3 8 3 1 D 2 R 2 1 8 K
0
G K H O I T A I G I A
I N
Khi kt ni thu bao 2.2 Nguyn l hot ng: Cu Diode c mc song song vo hai ng dy thoi. Trn ng dy ny, khng nhng c tn hiu m thoi AC m cn c hiu in th DC, do cu diode ny khng c chc nng chnh lu m c tc dng chng o cc. khi kha K1 ng, xut hin dng chy qua cu diode, nhng ch c hai diode c phn cc thun nn dn, Cn hai diode kia b phn cc nghch nn khng dn v ch dn khi tng i c cp dng in o cc (phc v cho vic tnh cc in thoi) hay mc ln dy Tip v Ring.
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
39
Khi to tr khng ging nh mt thu bao nhc my gm Q2, R2, C0 v R3 c mc nh hnh v to thnh 1 ngun dng ly dng vo mch ging nh ca mt thu bao ca bu in. Q2 c nhim v thay th mt thu bao trn lnh vc tr khng. in tr DC ca mt my in thoi l 300 , in tr xoay chiu ti tn s f = 1 KHz l 700 30%. Tng tr vo ca mch ny phi ph hp cc thng s trn, t C0 nhm lc xoay chiu, nn v mt xoay chiu, Q2 xem nh h mch. Tn hiu AC khng nh hng n tr khng DC ca mch. 2.3 Thit k v tnh ton: Chn Q2 l C2383 c cc thng s : - PCmax = 900mW - ICmax = 1A - = 60 230 Dng thng thoi ca tng i cp n mch c dng t 20mA 100mA in tr vng qua mch ti gi khong 150 1500 . Ta chn : - = 60 - Dng DC ca tng i cp : IDC = 20mA - Chn in p DC ca ti l 9V - in p do st p ca cu diode l 1V - Chn VCE =6V
R3 = 9V 1V 6V = 100 20 mA
IC I DC 20 mA = 0,333 mA 60
Dong B = I
R2 =
9V 1V I DC .R3 9V 1V 20 mA.100 = = 16,2 K IB 0,333 mA
Chn R2 = 18K T C0 trit tiu tn hiu thoi c sao cho : ZC0 << .R3
1 < .R3 < W .C0
(1)
Vi W = 2 f , f = 300Hz l tn s thp nht ca tn hiu thoi thay vo (1) ta c :
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
40

C0 > >
1 1 = = 0,09 F 2f ..R3 2.3,14 .300 .60 .100
Chn C0 = 10 F/50V Cc thng s mch c tnh ton sau: Q2 l transistor C2383 R2 = 18K, R3 = 100 C0 = 10 F/50V 3. KHI GII M V THU DTMF (MT8870): 3.1 S nguyn l :
5 T I P C 1 1 1 0 u 2 T T 1 C 3 C 18 F R / 2 4 A 5 N 0 V R K E 3 3 2 R C p C 4 C 3 2 0 p 1 2 3 4 7 8 5 Y 3 1 . 5 5 86 M 10 1 0 u F / 21 1 R I N G S F O R 05 0 0 0 M VK 0 S F E T S 1 7 / G T 1 T 6 5 4 3 2 1 R 3 3 0 D D D D 0 3 2 1 0 K1 7 4 0 U 3 2 4 S T D 3 . 1 u F 2 R 1 V
I N + I N G S V R E VC C S S O O
C C
GM NH G N T
GND 8
TOE 8
1 1 S T 1D 2 Q 41 Q 31 Dz Q 21 D Q 1 7 K 0 H O
0 0
3.2 Nguyn l hot ng: M a tn c pht ra t in thoi ca ngi iu khin s c truyn i trn ng dy in thoi nh mt tn hiu thoi, tn hiu m a tn c lc bi t C1 v gy 1 cm ng t ln cun th cp v c cm ng qua cun s cp ca bin th cch ly c t l 1:1, sau c lc bi t C2 v i qua R1 i vo ng IN-. Ban u, cp tn s ca m tone c qua b tn s (dial tone filter). B ny s to thnh hai nhm tn hiu, mt nhm c tn s thp, mt nhm c tn s cao. Vic ny c thc hin nh b lc thng di bc 6. Nhm th nht s lc thng di tn s t 697Hz 941Hz v nhm th hai s lc thng di tn s t 1209Hz 1633Hz. Hai nhm tn hiu c bin i thnh xung vung bi d Zerocrossing. Sau khi c c xung vung, xung ny c xc nh tn s v kim tra chng c tng ng vi cp tn s chun DTMF hay khng nh thut ton trung bnh phc hp. Nh mch ny m mch c bo v cc tone gy ra t tn hiu bn ngoi m tn hiu ny lm sai lch tn s nh.
41
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
Khi b d cng nhn c hai tone thch hp th ng ra EST s ln mc cao. EST ln mc cao lm cho Vc tng ln ngng no m ln hn Vtst th s tc ng vo ng ST/GT lm cp tone c ghi nhn. Lc ny, in th Vc tip tc tng ln. Sau mt thi gian tr nht nh th ng ra STD s ln mc cao cao. Lc ny cp tone s c ghi nhn v sn sng truy xut, khi ng ra TOE mc cao th 4 bit s c gii m v truy xut ra bn ngoi. Sau mt thi gian chuyn ln mc cao, ng STD s chuyn xung mc thp v Vc gim xung, khi Vc nh hn Vtst th s iu khin thanh ghi d cp tone mi. Nh vy, khi xut hin 1 cp tn s tone trn ng dy, qua t C2 v R1 a vo IN- th ng ra s xut hin ng nh phn tng ng. Cc thng s ca MT8870 do nh sn xut hng dn. Cc gi tr in tr, t in, thi gian an ton, bo v c nh sn xut a ra. 4.KHI IU KHIN NG LC: 4.1 S nguyn l:
J 2 D S 1 2 2 0 V A C
C 1 N 4 D 1 01 0
2
1
5 3 4
7 R E
1 2
D L A Y 5 P
1
3
2
1
Q S C
1 8
1 K
5 2
5 3 4
WS
1 S W
WS 2
W 3
C R V C L A M P
1 2
3
4 3 2 1 1 2
1 N 4 D 2 U 1
3
14
01 0
2
7 R E
A L A L S 1 R R
1
5 P
C J
O 1
7 4 U 7
3 2
S R
1 2
3 6
2 V
1
Q S C
1 8
1 K
5 3
5 3 4 1 2
V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4 5
2
6
4 3 A
1
3 3
1 1
1 N 4 D 3 3 6
2 3
01 0
2
7 R E
U N 8
1 9
7 4 5 A
8
5 P
2 V
1
Q S C
1 8
1 K
5 4
5 3 4 1 2
7 4
7
3 6
1 N 4 D 4 R 4
3 2
01 0
2
7 R E
5 P
2
1
Q S
1 8
1 2
L U
4.2 Nguyn l hot ng:
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
42
Tn hiu t ng ra ca vi iu khin c a n cng EX-OR ca IC 74LS86, tn hiu ny so snh vi cng tc bn ngoi. N c th hin qua bng trng thi sau:
CT 0 0 1 1 4.3 Thit k v tnh ton :
TB 0 1 0 1
RELAY 0 1 1 0
Chn Relay 5v, c in tr 100 , in p chu ng ca tip im l 220VAC. Chn Q2 Q5 l C1815 c dng IC khong 400 mA chn dng in qua led l 10 mA Dng qua relay: Ic= Rrelay = 100 =50 mA
Vcc
5V
5 0m A iu kin transistor bo ha l: Ib = 6 0 =0,8mA

Ic
R1=R2=R3=R4=
5V Vbe Ib
== 0,8mA =5,4K
5 0,7
bo ha su, ta chn R1= 2,2K 5. KHI X L TRUNG TM DNG VI IU KHIN 89C51:
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
43
+ 5 V
V C C
2 3 C S W 1 1 0 H E P S
A 0 A 1 A 2 A 3 T A M L A T D C C C C T T T T T T T T B B B B Y
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
. . . . . . . .
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
E A
+ 5 V
P P P P P P P P R T I N I N T T W R X X T T 1 0 R D D D 1 O P P P P P P P P A
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
. . . . . . . .
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D D D D
0 1 2 3
2 4
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
. . . . . . . .
3 3 p
X T A L 2 G N D P
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
. . . . . . . .
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
T A I G I A C H U O N
C 1 2 M 3 3 p C
1 1 H z Y 1
X T A L 1
L E E N
1 2
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
44
B. THIT K MCH M THANH : (khi pht ting ni) 1. S MCH:

D
4 5 6 9 1 1 2 3 0 A A A A A A A A
I P
3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2
2
V V V V
8 V C C C 2 R 1 0 , 1 u 1 K F C
A I N O U 2 2 T 0 1 C C S S 2 8 C D 1 6 C A 1 2 S D 1 3 S A
A A A A V LED R EC L E D C C
0 1 2 3
3 0 , 1 u F R 3 1 0 K C 4 0 , 1 u J F C 5 0 , 1 u
1 2
0 ,0 0 1 u F
1 7
R 6R 7R 8 0 10 0 K 10 0K 0 K
2 2 2 3 4 7 5 6 M P P R R X L L E E C A A C C L
R 2 5 , 1 K
C 1 2 2 0 1
u F
P P R
L L E
A1 Y A1 Y C 1
L E
2 2 2
I C Y M Y A E G L
R I C
1 8 E F 1 7
F M
I C
1 1 1 -
9 4 5
6 4 , 7 R 5 4 7 0 K u F
R 9 1 K
2 2
LS E P D + K S P
R 4 1 0 K
I S P L A Y H E T A M
1 4 2 0 S P E A
2 1
K J
E 2
2. NGUYN L HOT NG: Mch pht ting ni dng IC ISD 1420 l IC chuyn cho vic ghi v pht ting ni ( thi gian ghi m ti a khong 20s). ISD 1420 c kt ni trc tip vi vi iu khin thng qua chn port ca vi iu khin, cc in tr v t in c mc bn ngoi theo ngh ca nh sn xut. Ng ra m thanh c pht ln line qua mt bin p cch ly c t l 1:1. Ting ni c s dng cho mc ch thit k ny c np sn bn trong IC. pht ra 1 on m thanh, ta cn cung cp a ch u vng nh lu tr on m thanh ny, tip theo to s thay i t mc cao xung mc thp chn PLAYE, du hiu kt thc ca on m thanh ny c th hin chn RECLED. Vi iu khin s nhn du hiu ny cho s kt thc ca on m thanh cn pht. Sau y l bng nhp ting ni vo IC ISD1420:
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
45
A3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
A2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
A1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
A0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
LI NI Thit b 1 2 3 4 M Tt Mi bn nhp password Mi bn iu khin
CHNG IV: THIT K PHN MM

1. Lu gii thut:
BEGI NM
NP S LN CHUNG
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
CHUNG REO?
46
S
SO SNH NHC MY
THOT B
S
GIM S LN CHUNG
SO SNH S LN CHUNG =0
BO NPW
NHP PASSWORD 1

1 NHP PASSWORD 2
NHP PASSWORD 3
NHP PASSWORD 4 47
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
BO IU KHIN
SO SNH M M THIT B
IU KHIN M
S
SO SNH M TT THIT B
IU KHIN TT
S
SO SNH M TT HT THIT B
IU KHIN TT HT THIT B
S
SO SNH M KIM TRA THIT B IU KHIN KIM TRA THIT B
S
2 2 B
SO SNH M THOT
END
iu khin m thit b:
n tt nghip kha 2006 2009 BEGI NM
SO SNH M THIT B 1
IU KHIN M THIT B 1 BO 1 M A
S
SO SNH M THIT B 2
S
SO SNH M THIT B 3
S
SO SNH M THIT B 4
iu khin tt thit b:
BEGI NM
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
SO SNH M THIT B 1 SO SNH M THIT B 2
IU KHIN TT THIT B 1 BO 1 TT IU KHIN TT THIT B 2
49 A
S
SO SNH M THIT B 3
BO 2 TT
IU KHIN TT THIT B 3 BO 3 TT A
S
SO SNH M THIT B 4
IU KHIN TT THIT B 4 BO 4 TT A
2. Chng trnh: $MOD51 ORG 00H CHUONG BIT P2.0 TAIGIA BIT P2.1 SDT BIT P1.7 CT1 BIT P3.0 CT2 BIT P3.1 CT3 BIT P3.2
CT4 BIT P3.3 TB1 BIT P3.4 TB2 BIT P3.5 TB3 BIT P3.6 TB4 BIT P3.7 PLAY BIT P1.6 HETAM BIT P1.4 MAPASSWORD1 EQU 21H MAPASSWORD2 EQU 22H MAPASSWORD3 EQU 23H MAPASSWORD4 EQU 24H MATB1 EQU 25H MATB2 EQU 26H MATB3 EQU 27H MATB4 EQU 28H MAMO EQU 29H MATAT EQU 30H MAKIEMTRATB EQU 31H MATHOAT EQU 32H MATATALL EQU 33H MAIN: MOV R7,#00H MOV R0,#3 CLR TAIGIA MOV MATB1,#0F1H MOV MATB2,#0F2H MOV MATB3,#0F3H MOV MATB4,#0F4H MOV MAMO,#0F6H MOV MATAT,#0F9H MOV MATATALL,#0F8H MOV MAPASSWORD1,#0F2H MOV MAPASSWORD2,#0F3H MOV MAPASSWORD3,#0F9H MOV MAPASSWORD4,#0F7H MOV MAKIEMTRATB,#0F5H MOV 41H,#00H MOV MATHOAT,#11111011B SETB P1.6 CLR P1.0
CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3 MAIN1: JB CHUONG,$ ACALL DELAY2S JNB CHUONG,$ DJNZ R0,MAIN1 SETB TAIGIA ACALL BAONPW PW1: MOV A,MAPASSWORD1 JB SDT,$ JNB SDT,$ CJNE A,P0,$ ;CLR P2.7 PW2: MOV A,MAPASSWORD2 JB SDT,$ JNB SDT,$ CJNE A,P0,$ ;CLR P2.6 PW3: MOV A,MAPASSWORD3 JB SDT,$ JNB SDT,$ CJNE A,P0,$ ;CLR P2.5 PW4: MOV A,MAPASSWORD4 JB SDT,$ JNB SDT,$ CJNE A,P0,$ ACALL THONGBAO ;MOV P3,#00H KTRAMATAT2:
;TEST
JB SDT,$ ;****KIEM TRA TRANG THAI CAC THIET BI******* KTRAMATAT3: MOV A,MAKIEMTRATB CJNE A,P0,KTRAMATAT TTBI1: JB CT1,TTBI1_1 JB TB1,BTBI1MO
ACALL BAO1TAT SJMP TTBI2 BTBI1MO: ACALL BAO1MO SJMP TTBI2 TTBI1_1: JB TB1,BTB1TAT ACALL BAO1MO SJMP TTBI2 BTB1TAT: ACALL BAO1TAT SJMP TTBI2 TTBI2: JB CT2,TTBI1_2 JB TB2,BTBI2MO ACALL BAO2TAT SJMP TTBI3 BTBI2MO: ACALL BAO2MO SJMP TTBI3 TTBI1_2: JB TB2,BTB2TAT ACALL BAO2MO SJMP TTBI3 BTB2TAT: ACALL BAO2TAT SJMP TTBI3 TTBI3: JB CT3,TTBI1_3 JB TB3,BTBI3MO ACALL BAO3TAT SJMP TTBI4 BTBI3MO: ACALL BAO3MO SJMP TTBI4 TTBI1_3: JB TB3,BTB3TAT ACALL BAO3MO SJMP TTBI4 BTB3TAT:
ACALL BAO3TAT SJMP TTBI4 TTBI4: JB CT4,TTBI1_4 JB TB4,BTBI4MO ACALL BAO4TAT LJMP KTRAMATAT2 BTBI4MO: ACALL BAO4MO LJMP KTRAMATAT2 TTBI1_4: JB TB4,BTB4TAT ACALL BAO4MO LJMP KTRAMATAT2 BTB4TAT: ACALL BAO4TAT LJMP KTRAMATAT2 ;*************MA TAT***************** KTRAMATAT: MOV A,MATAT CJNE A,P0,KTRAMAMO MA_TB1: JB SDT,$ MOV A,MATB1 CJNE A,P0,MA_TB2 JB CT1,SETB_TB1 CLR TB1 ;SETB P2.7 ACALL BAO1TAT LJMP KTRAMATAT2 SETB_TB1: SETB TB1 ACALL BAO1TAT LJMP KTRAMATAT2 MA_TB2: MOV A,MATB2 CJNE A,P0,MA_TB3 JB CT2,SETB_TB2 CLR TB2
ACALL BAO2TAT ;SETB P2.6 LJMP KTRAMATAT2 SETB_TB2: SETB TB2 ACALL BAO2TAT LJMP KTRAMATAT2 MA_TB3: MOV A,MATB3 CJNE A,P0,MA_TB4 JB CT3,SETB_TB3 CLR TB3 ACALL BAO3TAT ;SETB P2.5 LJMP KTRAMATAT2 SETB_TB3: SETB TB3 ACALL BAO3TAT LJMP KTRAMATAT2 MA_TB4: MOV A,MATB4 CJNE A,P0,MA_TB1 JB CT4,SETB_TB4 CLR TB4 ACALL BAO4TAT ;SETB P2.4 LJMP KTRAMATAT2 SETB_TB4: SETB TB4 ACALL BAO4TAT LJMP KTRAMATAT2 ;*************MA MO***************** KTRAMAMO: MOV A,MAMO CJNE A,P0,KTRAMATATALL M_TB1: JB SDT,$ ;TEST MOV A,MATB1 CJNE A,P0,M_TB2 JB CT1,CLR_TB1
SETB TB1 ACALL BAO1MO LJMP KTRAMATAT2 CLR_TB1: CLR TB1 ACALL BAO1MO LJMP KTRAMATAT2 M_TB2: MOV A,MATB2 CJNE A,P0,M_TB3 JB CT2,CLR_TB2 SETB TB2 ACALL BAO2MO LJMP KTRAMATAT2 CLR_TB2: CLR TB2 ACALL BAO2MO LJMP KTRAMATAT2 M_TB3: MOV A,MATB3 CJNE A,P0,M_TB4 JB CT3,CLR_TB3 SETB TB3 ACALL BAO3MO LJMP KTRAMATAT2 CLR_TB3: CLR TB3 ACALL BAO3MO LJMP KTRAMATAT2 M_TB4: MOV A,MATB4 CJNE A,P0,M_TB1 JB CT4,CLR_TB4 SETB TB4 ACALL BAO4MO LJMP KTRAMATAT2 CLR_TB4: CLR TB4 ACALL BAO4MO LJMP KTRAMATAT2
;*************MA TAT ALL***************** KTRAMATATALL: MOV A,MATATALL CJNE A,P0,KTRAMATHOAT JB CT1,SETB_1 CLR TB1 ACALL BAO1TAT LJMP CUATB2 SETB_1: SETB TB1 ACALL BAO1TAT CUATB2: JB CT2,SETB_2 CLR TB2 ACALL BAO2TAT LJMP CUATB3 SETB_2: SETB TB2 ACALL BAO2TAT CUATB3: JB CT3,SETB_3 CLR TB3 ACALL BAO3TAT LJMP CUATB4 SETB_3: SETB TB3 ACALL BAO3TAT CUATB4: JB CT4,SETB_4 CLR TB4 ACALL BAO4TAT LJMP KTRAMATAT2 SETB_4: SETB TB4 ACALL BAO4TAT LJMP KTRAMATAT2 ;CLR P3.6 ;***************************** KTRAMATHOAT: MOV A,MATHOAT
CJNE A,P0,KTRAMATAT1 CLR TAIGIA LJMP MAIN KTRAMATAT1: LJMP KTRAMATAT2 ;*************************** DELAY2S: PUSH 00H MOV R0,#250 LAP: MOV TH0,#3CH MOV TL0,#0B0H SETB TR0 JNB TF0,$ CLR TR0 CLR TF0 DJNZ R0,LAP POP 00H RET BAO1TAT: SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY SETB P1.0 SETB P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY CLR P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 SETB P1.3 CLR PLAY
JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY RET BAONPW: SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 SETB P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY RET BAO2TAT: SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY CLR P1.0 CLR P1.1 SETB P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY CLR P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 SETB P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY RET
59
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
BAO3TAT: SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 SETB P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY CLR P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 SETB P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY RET BAO4TAT: SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY CLR P1.0 SETB P1.1 SETB P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$
JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY CLR P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 SETB P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY RET BAO4MO: SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY CLR P1.0 SETB P1.1 SETB P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY SETB P1.0 SETB P1.1 SETB P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY RET BAO2MO: SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2
CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY CLR P1.0 CLR P1.1 SETB P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY SETB P1.0 SETB P1.1 SETB P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY RET BAO1MO: SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY SETB P1.0 SETB P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY SETB P1.0
SETB P1.1 SETB P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY RET BAO3MO: SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY SETB P1.0 CLR P1.1 SETB P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY SETB P1.0 SETB P1.1 SETB P1.2 CLR P1.3 CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY RET THONGBAO: CLR P1.0 SETB P1.1 CLR P1.2 CLR P1.3
CLR PLAY JB HETAM,$ JNB HETAM,$ SETB PLAY RET END
KT LUN
Sau mt thi gian nghin cu v thi cng, tuy gp nhiu kh khn, nhng nhm em cng hon thnh ng thi gian. Tuy nhin, do thi gian ngn v trnh chuyn mn cn hn ch nn n ca nhm em khng th trnh khi thiu st. Rt mong nhn c s gp ca thy c n c hon chnh hn.
Nhng ngun ti liu lin quan

I. Gio trnh: 1.Gio trnh Vi x l Tc gi: H Trung M: Chng III: H Vi iu Khin 8051 2. H Vi iu khin Tc gi: Tng Vn On II. Cc trang web lin quan: www.datasheet4u.com
1.
2.
www.Alldatasheet.com
SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun
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n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

B CNG THNG TRNG CAO NG K THUT CAO THNG KHOA IN T- TIN HC

TI : IU KHIN THIT B TRONG NH QUA NG DY IN THOI

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009 TP H Ch Minh Thng 6/2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

KHI CNG TC BN NGOI

KHI KT NI THU BAO

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

CHNG I: L THUYT TNG QUAN

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

Tn hiu chung hi tip

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

Xung 2s on 4s off Hz Lin tc Hz Xung 0,5s on 0,5s Hz off Xung 2s on 4s off Hz

1400+2060 Xung 0,1s on 0,1s Hz + off 2450+2600 200-400 Lin tc Hz

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

SVTH: K. Duy A. Tun

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Khanh

CHNG II: GII THIU CHUNG V B VI IU KHIN

n tt nghip kha 2006 2009