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IN T S

Trnh Vn Loan
Khoa CNTT- HBK

Ti liu tham kho


Bi ging ny ( quan trng ! )
K thut s
L thuyt mch lgic & k thut s
K thut in t s

http://ktmt.shorturl.com
2

Chng 1.
Cc hm lgic c bn

1.1 i s Boole
Cc nh ngha
Bin lgic: i lng biu din bng
k hiu no , ly gi tr 0 hoc 1
Hm lgic: nhm cc bin lgic lin
h vi nhau qua cc php ton lgic,
ly gi tr 0 hoc 1
Php ton lgic c bn:
V (AND), HOC (OR), PH NH
(NOT)
4

1.1 i s Boole
Biu din bin v hm lgic
Biu Ven:

A
A hoc B

B
A v B

Mi bin lgic chia


khng gian thnh 2
khng gian con:
-1 khng gian con:
bin ly gi tr ng
(=1)
-Khng gian con
cn li: bin ly gi
tr sai (=0)
5

1.1 i s Boole
Biu din bin v hm lgic
Bng tht:
A

Hm n bin s c:
n+1 ct (n bin v gi
tr hm)
2n hng: 2n t hp
bin
V d Bng tht hm
Hoc 2 bin

F(A,B)

1.1 i s Boole
Biu din bin v hm lgic
Ba Cac-n:

S trn ba Cac-n
bng s dng bng
tht
V d Ba Cac-n hm
Hoc 2 bin

B
A

0
1

1.1 i s Boole
Biu din bin v hm lgic
Biu thi gian:

L th bin thin
theo thi gian ca
hm v bin lgic

A
1
0

B
1
0

V d Biu
F(A,B)
thi gian ca
1
hm Hoc 2 bin

t
t

t
8

1.1 i s Boole
Cc hm lgic c bn
Hm Ph nh:

V d Hm 1 bin
F(A) = A

F(A)

1.1 i s Boole
Cc hm lgic c bn

Hm V:

V d Hm 2 bin
F(A,B) = AB

F(A,B)

10

1.1 i s Boole
Cc hm lgic c bn
Hm Hoc:
V d Hm 3 bin

F(A,B, C) = A + B + C

1
11

1.1 i s Boole
Tnh cht cc hm lgic c bn
Tn ti phn t trung tnh duy nht cho php ton
Hoc v php ton V:
A+0=A
A.1 = A
A.B = B.A
Giao hon: A + B = B + A
Kt hp: A + (B+C) = (A+B) + C = A + B + C
A . (B.C) = (A.B) . C = A . B . C
Phn phi: A(B+C) = AB + AC
A + (BC) = (A+B)(A+C)
Khng c s m, khng c h s:

A + A + ... + A = A

Php b:

A=A

A.A....A = A

A +A =1

A.A = 0
12

1.1 i s Boole
nh l Mooc-gan

Trng hp 2 bin A + B = A.B

A.B = A + B
Tng qut
F(Xi , +,.) = F(Xi ,., +)
Tnh cht i ngu

+
0 1
A + B = B + A A.B = B.A
A + 1 = 1 A.0 = 0
13

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic


Dng tuyn v dng hi

Dng tuyn (tng cc tch)


Dng hi (tch cc tng)
Dng chnh qui

F(x, y, z) = xyz + x y + x z

F(x, y, z) = (x + y + z)(x + y)(x + y + z)

Tuyn chnh qui F(x, y, z) = xyz + x yz + xyz


Hi chnh qui F(x, y, z) = (x + y + z)(x + y + z)(x + y + z)
Khng phi dng chnh qui tc l dng n gin ha
14

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic


Dng tuyn chnh qui
nh l Shannon: Tt c cc hm lgic c th trin
khai theo mt trong cc bin di dng tng ca 2
tch lgic:

F(A,B,...,Z) = A.F(0,B,..., Z) + A.F(1,B,..., Z)

V d

F(A,B) = A.F(0,B) + A.F(1,B)


F(0,B) = B.F(0, 0) + B.F(0,1)
F(1,B) = B.F(1, 0) + B.F(1,1)

F(A,B) = AB.F(0, 0) + AB.F(0,1) + AB.F(1, 0) + AB.F(1,1)

Nhn xt
2 bin Tng 4 s hng, 3 bin Tng 8 s hng
n bin Tng 2n s hng
15

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic


Dng tuyn chnh qui
Nhn xt
Gi tr hm = 0
s hng tng ng b loi
Gi tr hm = 1
s hng tng ng bng tch cc bin

16

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic


Dng tuyn chnh
qui

V d
Cho hm 3 bin F(A,B,C).
Hy vit biu thc hm
di dng tuyn chnh qui.

1
17

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

Dng tuyn
chnh qui

F(A,B,C) = A B C + A B C +
A B C+A B C+
ABC

1
18

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic


Dng hi chnh qui
nh l Shannon: Tt c cc hm lgic c th trin
khai theo mt trong cc bin di dng tch ca 2
tng lgic:

F(A,B,..., Z) = [A + F(1,B,..., Z)].[A + F(0,B,...,Z)]

V d

F(A,B) = [A + F(1,B)][A + F(0,B)]


F(0,B) = [B + F(0,1)][B + F(0, 0)]
F(1,B) = [B + F(1,1)][B + F(1, 0)]
F(A,B) = [A + B + F(1,1)][A + B + F(1, 0)]

Nhn xt

[A + B + F(0,1)][A + B + F(0, 0)]

2 bin Tch 4 s hng, 3 bin Tch 8 s hng


n bin Tch 2n s hng
19

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic


Dng hi chnh qui
Nhn xt
Gi tr hm = 1
s hng tng ng b loi
Gi tr hm = 0
s hng tng ng bng tng cc bin

20

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic


Dng hi chnh qui

V d
Cho hm 3 bin F(A,B,C).
Hy vit biu thc hm
di dng hi chnh qui.

1
21

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

Dng hi chnh
qui

F = (A

+B

C+) ( A

C+ ) ( A + 0B

C1)

1
22

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic


Biu din di dng s
Dng tuyn chnh qui

F ( A , B , C= )

R (1, 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 )

Dng hi chnh qui

F ( A , B , C= )

I(0 , 4 , 6 )

23

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

Biu din di dng s


ABCD

= Ax23 +B x22 + C x21 + D x20


= Ax8 +B x4 + C x2 + D x1
LSB (Least Significant Bit)
MSB (Most Significant Bit)

24

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

Mc tiu: S s hng t nht v s bin t nht

trong mi s hng
Mc ch: Gim thiu s lng linh kin
Phng php: - i s
- Ba Cac-n
-...

Phng php i s
(1)
(2)
(3)

AB + AB = B
A + AB = A
A + AB = A + B

(A + B)(A + B) = B

(1')

A(A + B) = A
(2')
A(A + B) = AB (3')
25

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

Mt s quy tc ti thiu ha:


C th ti thiu ho mt hm lgic bng cch
nhm cc s hng.
ABC + ABC + ABCD =
AB + ABCD =
A(B + BCD) = A(B + CD)

C th thm s hng c vo mt biu thc


lgic.
ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC =
ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC =
BC + AC + AB
26

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

Mt s quy tc ti thiu ha:


C th loi i s hng tha trong mt biu
thc lgic
AB + BC + AC =

AB + BC + AC(B + B) =
AB + BC + ABC + ABC =
AB(1 + C) + BC(1 + A) = AB + BC

Trong 2 dng chnh qui, nn chn cch biu


din no c s lng s hng t hn.

27

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic


Phng php ba Cac-n
BC
A

0
1

00 01 11 10

AB

00
0

01
11
10

5
28

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic


Phng php ba Cac-n
CD
AB

00
01
11
10

00

01

11

10

12

13

15

14

11

10
29

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

Cc

quy tc sau pht biu cho dng


tuyn chnh quy. dng cho
dng hi chnh quy phi chuyn
tng ng

30

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic


Qui tc 1:nhm cc sao cho s lng trong nhm l mt

s lu tha ca 2. Cc trong nhm c gi tr hm cng bng 1.


CD
AB

00

01

11

10

00
01

01

11

01

CD
AB

00
1

00

11

11

10

10

10

31

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic


Qui tc 2: S lng trong nhm lin quan vi

s lng bin c th loi i.


Nhm 2 loi 1 bin, nhm 4 loi 2 bin, ...
nhm 2n loi n bin.
BC
A

00

01

11

10

F(A,B, C) = A B C + A B C
=B C

32

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic


01

11

BC
A

00

F(A,B, C) = A C + B C

01

11

10

BC
A

00

10

F(A,B, C) = B C + A B

33

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic


CD
AB

00

00

01

01
1

10

10
1

11

11

F(A,B, C,D) = B C + B D

1
1

34

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic


CD

Qui tc 3: Trng

hp c nhng gi tr
hm l khng xc
nh
(khng
chc
chn lun bng 0
hoc
khng
chc
chn lun bng 1), c
th coi gi tr hm l
bng 1 xem c th
nhm c vi cc
m gi tr hm xc
nh bng 1 hay
khng.

AB

00

01

00

1
1

01
11
10

11

10
1

F(A,B, C,D) = B C + B C
35

Bi tp chng 1 (1/3)
1. Chng minh cc biu thc sau:
a)

AB + A B = A B + A B

b)
c)

AB + A C = (A + C)(A + B)
AC + B C = A C + B C

2. Xy dng bng tht v vit biu thc lgic ca hm F


xc nh nh sau:
a) F(A,B,C) = 1 ng vi t hp bin c s lng bin
bng 1 l mt s chn hoc khng c bin no bng 1.
Cc trng hp khc th hm bng 0
b) F(A,B,C,D) = 1 ng vi t hp bin c t nht 2 bin
bng 1. Cc trng hp khc th hm bng 0.
36

Bi tp chng 1 (2/3)
3. Trong mt cuc thi c 3 gim kho. Th sinh ch
t kt qu nu c a s gim kho tr ln
nh gi t. Hy biu din mi quan h ny
bng cc phng php sau y:
a) Bng tht
b) Ba Cac-n
c) Biu thi gian
d) Biu thc dng tuyn chnh quy
e) Biu thc dng hi chnh qui
f) Cc biu thc cu d), e) di dng s.

37

Bi tp chng 1 (3/3)
4. Ti thiu ha cc hm sau bng phng php
i s:
a) F(A, B, C, D) = (A + BC) + A(B + C)(AD + C)
b) F(A, B, C) = (A + B + C)(A + B + C )( A + B + C)( A + B + C )
5. Ti thiu ha cc hm sau bng ba Cc-n:
a) F(A,B,C,D) = R(0,2,5,6,9,11,13,14)
b) F(A,B,C,D) = R(1,3,5,8,9,13,14,15)
c) F(A,B,C,D) = R(2,4,5,6,7,9,12,13)
d) F(A,B,C,D) = I(1,4,6,7,9,10,12,13)
e) F(A,B,C,D,E)=R(0,1,9,11,13,15,16,17,
20,21,25,26,27,30,31)
38

Gii bi tp chng 1
1. a)

AB + A B = (AB)(A B)
=(A+B)(A+B)
=AA + AB + AB + BB
= AB + AB

39

Gii bi tp chng 1
1. b)

AB + AC = (A + C)(A + B)
AB + AC = (AB + A)(AB + C)
= (A + B)(AB + C)
= AAB + AC + AB + BC
= AC + BC + AA + AB
= C(A + B) + A(A + B)
= (A + C)(A + B)

40

Gii bi tp chng 1
1. c)

AC + BC = AC + B C
AC + BC = (A + C)(B + C)
= A B + B C + AC
= B C + AC + A B C + A B C
= B C + AC

41

Gii bi tp chng 1
A

t
t

42

Gii bi tp chng 1
4. a)

F(A, B, C, D) = (A + BC) + A(B + C)(AD + C)


(A + BC) + A(B + C)(AD + C) = (A + BC) + (A + BC)(AD + C)
= (A + BC) + (AD + C)
= A(1 + D) + C(1 + B)
= A+C

43

Gii bi tp chng 1
4. b)

F(A, B, C) = (A + B + C)(A + B + C )( A + B + C)( A + B + C )


F = (A + B + CC)(A + B + CC)
= (A + B)(A + B)
= AA + AB + AB + B
= B(A + A + 1)
=B

44

Gii bi tp chng 1
5.

a) F(A,B,C,D) = R(0,2,5,6,9,11,13,14)
CD

00

00

AB

01
11
10

01

11

10
1

45

Gii bi tp chng 1
5. c) F(A,B,C,D) = R(2,4,5,6,7,9,12,13)
CD
AB

00

01

11

00

01
11
10

10

1
1

1
1

46

5. d)
CD
AB

00

01

00

10

10

01
11

11

0
0

0
0

F(A, B, C, D)= (B+ C + D)(A + B +C)(A +B C)(B


+
C+ D)(A
+
B +C
47

Gii bi tp chng 1

CD
AB

00

01

00

10

10

01
11

11

1
1

1
1

48

Gii bi tp chng 1
Ba Cc-n 5 bin
C=0
DE
AB

C=1

00 01 11 10 10 11 01 00

00

01

11

10

14

15

13

12

11

24

25

27

26

30

31

29

28

10

16

17

19

18

22

23

21

20

49

Gii bi tp chng 1
F(A,B,C,D,E)=R(0,1,9,11,13,15,16,17,20,21,25,26,27,30,31)
C=0
DE
AB

00

C=1

00 01 11 10 10 11 01 00
1

01

11

24

10

16

1
1

11

10

14

15

13

12

27

26

30

31

29

28

23

21

20

25

17

19

18

22

1
1

50

Chng 2.
Cc phn t lgic c bn
v mch thc hin

51

2.1 Mch Hoc, mch V dng it


D1

U1
U2

D2

UY

U1, U2 = 0 hoc E vn
U1A, U2 B, UY F(A,B)
0v0, Ev1

Bng tht hm Hoc 2


bin

U1

U2

UY

0
0
E
E

0
E
0
E

0
E
E
E

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
1
1
1
52

2.1. Mch V, mch Hoc dng it


U1, U2 = 0
hoc E vn
D1

U1

U2

D2

+E
R

UY

U1A, U2 B, Us F(A,B)
0v0, Ev1
Bng tht hm V 2 bin

U1

U2

UY

0
0
E
E

0
E
0
E

0
0
0
E

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
0
0
1
53

2.2. Mch o dng tranzixto

Tranzixto l dng c bn dn, c 2 kiu: NPN v PNP

Ic

Ic

Ib

Ib
B
NPN

E
Ie

B
PNP

E
Ie

Ie = Ib +Ic, Ie v Ic >> Ib

Tranzixto thng dng khuch i.Cn trong mch


lgic, tranzixto lm vic ch kha, tc c 2 trng
thi: Tt (Ic = 0, Ucemax), Thng (c th bo ha):
Icmax, Uce = 0
54

2.2. Mch o dng tranzixto


Rc
Rb

UE

UY

UE = 0 hoc E vn
UEA, UY F(A)
0v0, Ev1
Bng tht hm Ph nh

UE

UY

F(A)

55

2.3. Cc mch tch hp s


Mch tch hp (IC): Integrated Circuits
Mch ri rc
Mch tch hp
tng t : lm vic vi tn hiu tng t
s: lm vic vi tn hiu ch c 2 mc

1
0

56

2.3. Cc mch tch hp s


Phn loi theo s tranzixto cha trn mt IC
SSI
Small Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c nh)

n < 10

MSI
Medium Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c trung bnh)

n = 10..100

LSI
Large Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c ln)

n = 100..1000

VLSI
Very Large Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c rt ln)

n = 103..106

57

2.3. Cc mch tch hp s


Phn loi theo bn cht linh kin c s dng

S dng tranzixto lng cc:


RTL (Resistor Transistor Logic)
DTL (Diode Transistor Logic)
TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic)
ECL (Emiter Coupled Logic)
S dng tranzixto trng
(FET: Field Effect Transistor):
MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) NMOS
PMOS
CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor)
58

59

2.3. Cc mch tch hp s


Mt s c tnh ca cc mch tch hp
s
c tnh in
Cc mc lgic.
V d: H TTL

5v

5v

Mc 1
Mc 1

3,3

Di khng
xc nh

2
Di khng
xc nh
0,8
0

Mc 0

Vo TTL

0,5
0

Mc 0

Ra TTL

60

2.3. Cc mch tch hp s


Mt s c tnh ca cc mch tch hp s
c tnh in
Thi gian truyn: gm
Thi gian tr ca thng tin u ra so vi
u vo
H

50%

TLH

Vo

50%

THL
L

L
H

50%

50%

Ra
L

Thi gian tr trung bnh c nh gi:


Ttb = (TLH + THL)/2
61

2.3. Cc mch tch hp s


Mt s c tnh ca cc mch tch hp s
c tnh in
Thi gian truyn:
Thi gian cn thit tn hiu chuyn bin t mc 0 ln
mc 1 (sn dng), hay t mc 1 v mc 0 (sn m)

tR: thi gian thit lp sn

100%

90%

dng(sn ln)

tF: thi gian thit lp sn

10%

0%

m(sn xung)

tR

tF

62

2.3. Cc mch tch hp s


Mt s c tnh ca cc mch tch hp s
c tnh in
Cng sut tiu th ch ng:
mW

100

ECL
TTL

10

CMOS
1
f
0,1

0,1

10

MHz

63

2.3. Cc mch tch hp s


Mt s c tnh ca cc mch tch hp s
c tnh c
* DIL (Dual In Line): s chn t 8 n 64.

64

2.3. Cc mch tch hp s


Mt s c tnh ca cc mch tch hp s
c tnh c
* SIL (Single In Line)

* V hnh vung

65

2.3. Cc mch tch hp s


Mt s c tnh ca cc mch tch hp s
c tnh c
* V hnh vung

66

2.4. K hiu cc phn t lgic c bn

A A

&

Hoc

V-o (NAND)
A
B

&

AB

A
B

AB

AB

AB

A
B

&

AB

A
1

A+B

67

2.4. K hiu cc phn t lgic c bn

Hoc-o (NOR)
A
B

A+B

Hoc m rng (XOR)


A B = AB + AB
A
B

=1 A
B

AB

00

01

10

11

68

Chng 3.
H t hp

69

3.1 Khi nim

H lgic c chia thnh 2 lp h:


H t hp
H dy

H t hp: Tn hiu ra ch ph
thuc tn hiu vo hin ti
H khng nh
H dy: Tn hiu ra khng ch ph
thuc tn hiu vo hin ti m
cn ph thuc qu kh ca tn

70

3.2 Mt s ng dng h t hp
3.2.1 B m ha
Dng chuyn cc gi tr nh phn ca bin
vo sang mt m no .
V d - B m ha dng cho bn phm ca my
tnh.
Phm K tT m
- C th trng hp bn phm ch c 9
phm.
- N: s gn cho phm (N = 1...9)
- B m ha c :
+ 9 u vo ni vi 9 phm
+ 4 u ra nh phn ABCD
71

3.2.1 B m ha
1

P1
P2

2
Pi

P9

B
M ho

N=i

C
D

N = 4 ABCD = 0100, N = 6 ABCD = 0110.


Nu 2 hoc nhiu phm ng thi c n M ha u tin
(nu c 2 hoc nhiu phm ng thi c n th b m ha
ch coi nh c 1 phm c n, phm c n ng vi m
cao nht)
72

3.2.1 B m ha
Xt trng hp n gin, gi thit ti mi thi
im ch c 1 phm c n.
N
ABCD
A = 1 nu (N=8) hoc (N=9)
B = 1 nu (N=4) hoc (N=5)
1
0001
hoc (N=6)
2
0010
hoc (N=7)
3
0011
C = 1 nu (N=2) hoc (N=3)
4
0100
hoc (N=6)
5
0101
hoc (N=7)
6
0110
D = 1 nu (N=1) hoc (N=3)
7
0111
hoc (N=5)
8
1000
hoc (N=7)
9
1001
hoc (N=9)
73

N=
1
N=
2

N=
8
N=
9

74

3.2.1 B m ha
S b m ha
N=1

N=2
N=3

N=4

N=5
N=6

N=7
N=8
N=9

75

M ha u tin

A=1
nu
N = 8 hoc N = 9
B=1
nu
(N = 4 hoc N = 5 hoc N = 6 hoc N=7) v
(Not N = 8) v( Not N=9)
C=1
nu
N = 2 v (Not N=4) v (Not N= 5) v (Not N =
8) v
(Not N = 9)
hoc
N = 3 v (Not N=4) v (Not N= 5) v (Not N = 8) v
(Not N = 9)
hoc N = 6 v (Not N = 8) v (Not N = 9)
hoc
N = 7 v (Not N = 8) v (Not N = 9)
D = 1 nu N = 1 v (Not N =2) v (Not N = 4) v (Not N = 6)v
(Not N = 8)
hoc N = 3 v (Not N = 4) v (Not N = 6)v (Not N = 8)
hoc N = 5 v (Not N = 6)v (Not N = 8)
hoc
N = 7 v (Not N = 8)
hoc
N=9

76

3.2.2 B gii m
Cung cp 1 hay nhiu thng tin u ra khi u vo xut
hin t hp cc bin nh phn ng vi 1 hay nhiu
t m c la chn t trc.
Gii m cho 1 cu hnh (hay 1 t m) c xc nh
V d
u ra ca b gii m bng 1(0) nu u vo 4 bit nh
phn ABCD = 0111, cc trng hp khc u ra = 0(1).

D
C
B
A

&
Y=1 nu
N=(0111)2 = (7)10
77

3.2.2 B gii m
Gii m cho tt c cc t hp ca b m:
V d
B gii m c 4 bit nh phn ABCD u vo, 16
bit u ra
A
B
C
D

Gii
m

:
:

Y0
Y1
Yi
Y15

ng vi mt t hp 4 bit u vo, 1 trong 16 u


ra bng 1 (0) , 15 u ra cn li bng 0 (1).
78

3.2.2 B gii m - ng dng

B gii m BCD: M BCD (Binary Coded


Decimal) dng 4 bit nh phn m ho
cc s thp phn t 0 n 9. B gii m
s gm c 4 u vo v 10 u ra.

79

B gii m BCD
N

Y0

Y1

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Y9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

80

B gii m BCD
Y0 = A B C D
CD
AB

00 01 11 10

00

10

Y2 = BCD

Y3 = BCD
Y4 = BC D

01
11

Y1 = A B C D

Y5 = BC D
Y6 = BC D
Y7 = BCD
Y8 = AD
Y9 = AD

Bi tp: V s ca b gii m BCD


81

Gii m a ch
a ch 10 bit. CS: u vo cho php chn b
nh.
CS = 1: chn b nh
CS = 0: khng chn

a ch
i

10

Gii m
a ch

dng 0

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

dng 1

0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

dng i

0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

dng 1023

1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
CS (Chip Select)

c ra nh
th i

82

Gii m a ch
a ch 16 bit.
S nh c th a ch ho c : 216 = 65 536.
Chia s nh ny thnh 64 trang, mi trang c 1024 .
16 bit a ch t A15...A0, 6 bit a ch v pha MSB
A15...A10 c dng nh a ch trang, cn li 10 bit
t A9...A0 nh a ch nh cho mi trang.
10
B nh

A9....A0
a ch

CS
6

Gii m

A15....A10

nh thuc trang 3 s c a ch thuc khong:


(0C00)H (0 0 0 0 1 1 A9...A0)2 (0FFF)H
83

To hm lgic
Gi s c hm 3 bin : F(A,B,C) = R(3,5,6,7)
Y0
A
B
C

22

Y1
Y2

21

Gii
m

Y3
Y4
Y5

20

1
F(A,B,C)

Y6
Y7

84

B chuyn i m
Chuyn mt s N vit theo m C1 sang vn s N
nhng vit theo m C2.
V d: B chuyn i m t m BCD sang m ch
th 7 thanh.
a

g b

Mi thanh l 1 it pht
quang (LED)

85

A
B

0
0

1
1
1
1

0
0

D 1

86

Tng hp b chuyn i m
CD
AB

00
01
11

00 01 11 10

1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1

&

&

1
10

1 1

A
C

a = A + C +BD +B D
Bi tp: Lm tng t cho cc thanh cn li

87

Tng hp b chuyn i m

CD
AB

00 01 11 10

CD
AB

00 01 11 10

00

1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0

00

1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1

01
11

10

01

11

10

1 1
b

1 1
c

88

89

3.2.3 B chn knh (Multiplexer)


C nhiu u vo tn hiu v mt u ra.
Chc nng: chn ly mt trong cc tn hiu u vo a ti u ra
MUX 4-1

MUX 2-1
X0

X0

X1

X2

X1

X3

C0

C0
C1

u vo iu khin

C1

C0

C0

X0

X0

X1

X1

X2

X3
90

3.2.3 B chn knh (Multiplexer)


V d Tng hp b chn knh 2-1
MUX 2-1
X0

X1
C0

C0

X1X0

0
1

00

C0

X1

X0

C0

X0

X1

01

11

1
1

10

Y = X 0C 0 + X1C 0
91

S0

E
1

CS

S1

E
1

CS
C
0

CS =1: chn knh lm vic bnh thng


CS = 0: ra chn knh = 0

Vo iu khin

92

S0

E
0

E
1

S1

E
1

C
0

C
0

Vo iu khin

93

S b chn knh 2-1

X0

&

C0

&
X1

94

ng dng ca b chn knh


Chn ngun tin

Ngun tin 1

Ngun tin 2

Nhn

95

ng dng ca b chn knh


Chn ngun tin
A = a3 a 2 a 1 a 0

B = b3 b2 b1 b0

C0

Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0

96

ng dng ca b chn knh


Chuyn

i song song ni tip


C0

a0
a1

a2

C1

a3

C0
C1

Y
a0

a1

a2

a3
t

97

ng dng ca b chn knh


To

hm lgic

f(A,B) = A Bf(0,0) + A Bf(0,1) + A Bf(1,0) + A Bf(1,1)

Y = C1C 0E 0 + C 1C 0E 1 + C 1C 0E 2 + C 1C 0E 3

Cc u
vo
chn hm

f(0,0)

E0

f(0,1)

E1

f(1,0)
f(1,1)

E2
E3

Cc
bin

Y = f(A,B)

C1

C0

A
B
98

ng dng ca b chn knh


To

hm lgic

f=AB

0= f(0,0)

C1

C0

X0

X0

X1

Y = AB

0
0

0 =f(0,1)

X1

0=f(1,0)

X2

X3
A

1=f(1,1)

X3

X2

C1

C0

&

99

ng dng ca b chn knh


To

hm lgic

f=A+B

C1

C0

X0

X0

X1

Y=
A+B

X1

X2

X3

X2
X3
C1

C0

B to hm c th lp trnh c

100

3.2.4 B phn knh (Demultiplexer)

C mt u vo tn hiu v nhiu u ra.


Chc nng : dn tn hiu t u vo a ti
mt trong cc u ra.
DEMUX 1-4
Y0
X

Y1
Y2
Y3

C0
C1

101

3.2.4 B phn knh (Demultiplexer)


C0
0
0

X
0
1

Y0
0
1

Y1
DEMUX 1-2

0
0

Y0
X
Y1

C0

102

3.2.5 B so snh

So snh n gin:So snh 2 s 4 bit


A = a3a2a1a0 v B = b3b2b1b0.
A = B nu:(a3 = b3) v (a2 = b2) v (a1 = b1) v
(a0 = b0).
a
=1
3

b3
a2

=1

b2
a1

&

A=B

=1

b1
a0
b0

=1

103

3.2.5 B so snh

So snh y :Thc hin so snh tng bit mt,


bt u t MSB.
a >b
a <b
E
a
b
a =b
S
I
E
Phn t so snh
i

Phn t
so snh

Si

Ei

Ii

E
ai
bi

E: cho php so snh


E = 1: so snh
E = 0: khng so snh

104

3.2.5 B so snh
Si = E(ab
i i)
Ii = E(ab
i i)
Ei = E(ai bi ) = Eab
i i + Eai bi = E.S i.Ii = E(S i + Ii )
E
ai

&

bi

Si

&

&

Ei

Ii

105

3.2.5 B so snh
So snh y : B so snh song song
V d So snh 2 s 3 bit A = a2a1a0, B = b2b1b0

a2
b2

a1
b1

a0
b0

S2
Phn t
so snh

E2
I2

S1

Phn t
so snh

E1

S0

Phn t
so snh

E0
I0

A>B

A<B

I1

A=B

106

3.2.6. Cc b s hc
B

cng

a
b

Cng

(Tng)
r (S nh)

B bn tng
(Half Adder)

=a
b

r = ab

1
=1

b
&

107

B cng
Cng 2 s nhiu bit:
r3

r2

r1

r0

A=

a3

a2

a1

a0

+B =

b3

b2

b1

b0

Kt
qu

r4

r3

r2

r1 0

0
108

B cng
Thao tc lp li l cng 2 bit vi nhau v
cng vi s nh
ai

bi

ri

ri+1

ri+1

Full Adder
ai
ri
bi

Cng
y

109

B cng
00

aibi

01i

11

10

ri

0
1

1
1

00

aibi

1
1

01ri+1 11

10

ri

0
1

i = ai bi ri
ri+1 = ai bi + ri (ai bi)

1
1

110

B cng
B

cng y (Full Adder)

ri
ai

=1

=1

&

&

bi
1

ri+1

111

B cng 2 s n bit

A = an-1an-2...a1a0 , B = bn-1bn-2...b1b0

B cng song song


rn-1
FA

a1

an-2 bn-2

an-1 bn-1

b1

a0 b0

r1

rn-2
FA

r0= 0

FA

FA

rn
r2
n

n-1

n-2

112

B cng song song tnh trc s nh


ri+1 = aibi + ri(ai bi)
ri+1 = Gi + ri Pi
Pi = ai bi v Gi = aibi
r1 = G0 + r0P0
G1

r2

G0

P0

r1

&

r0
G0

&

P1

P0
r0

r2 = G1 + r1P1 = G1+(G0 + r0P0)P1

&

r2 = G1 + G0P1 + r0P0P1

113

B cng song song tnh trc s nh


V d: Cng 2 s 4 bit

a3

b3 a2

b2 a1

b1 a0

b0

r0

Tnh Pi v Gi
P3 G3 P2 G2

P1 G1 P0 G0

Tnh cc s nh
r4

r3
a3 b3

a2

r2
b2

a1

r1
b1

r0
a0 b0

Tnh tng

r4 = 4

0
114

Kim tra 15 (T4,5,6,P) (12/9/05)


Gi

thit c 2 ngun tin l tn hiu


m thanh ng vi u ra ca 2
micro M1 v M2. C th s dng b
chn knh 2-1 chn tn hiu ca
tng micro c khng ? Gii thch
l do.
(Khng s dng ti liu)

115

B tr
ai
bi

Bn hiu

ai

bi

Di

Bi+1

Di

Di = a i bi

Bi+1

Bi +1 = a i b i

(Half Subtractor)

ai

=1

Di

bi
&
Bi+1

116

B tr

Php tr 2 s nhiu bit cho nhau.Thao tc lp li l tr 2


bit cho nhau v tr s vay
ai
bi
Bi

B tr

Di

Bi+1

(Full Subtractor)
ai
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

bi
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

Bi
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Di
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

Bi+1

0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1

Bi
ai
bi

Bn
Bn
hiu

Di

Di

hiu
Bi+1

Bi+1

117

B tr
B

tr song song:

Thc hin nh b cng song song.


Tr 2 s n bit cn n b tr y .

(Trong b cng song song thay b cng


y bng b tr y , u ra s
nh tr thnh u ra s vay)

118

Kim tra 15 T1,2,3. Khng dng ti liu


Hy

ly 1 v d thc t c th thc
hin bng 1 hm lgic 3 bin.
- Lp bng tht
- Ti thiu ha hm bng ba Cacn
- Vit biu thc hm ti thiu
ha v v s thc hin

119

Lch hc mn in t s cho 3 lp T1,2,3


K48 trong 3 tun 6, 7, 8 thay i nh
sau:
Tun 6,7:
Th 4: C Lin dy tip tit 5, ngh
tit 6
Th 7: C Dung dy TTHCM tit 1,2,3
Tun 8:
Th 4: C Trang dy TS tit 5,6
Th 7: C Dung dy TTHCM tit 1,2,3

120

Lch hc mn in t s cho 3 lp T4,5,6,P


K48 trong 3 tun 6, 7, 8 thay i nh sau
(tun ny l tun 5)
Tun 6,7:
Th 2: Tit 1,2 ngh ( hc vo tun 4)
Th 7: Thy Minh dy LTM t tit 1 n tit
6
Tun 8:
Th 2: Thy Trung dy TTHCM t tit 1 n
tit 6
Th 7: Thy Minh dy LTM t tit 1 n tit
6
121

B nhn
Gi thit nhn 2 s 4 bit A v B:
A = a3a2a1a0, B = b3b2b1b0

p7

a3

a2

a1

a0

b3

b2

b1

b0

a3b0

a2b0

a1b0

a0b0

a3b1

a2b1

a1b1

a0b1

a3b2

a2b2

a1b2

a0b2

a3b3

a2b3

a1b3

a0b3

p6

p5

p4

p3

p2

p1

p0

122

B nhn
Dy thao tc cn
phi thc hin khi
nhn 2 s 4 bit

AAxxbb0
0
AAxxbb1
1

(A
(Axxbb00))+
+(A
(Axxbb11dch
dchtri
tri11bit)
bit)=
=11
AAxxbb2
2
1+
(A x b2 dch tri 2 bit) = 2
1+ (A x b2 dch tri 2 bit) = 2
AAxxbb3
3
2+
(A x b3 dch tri 3 bit) = 3
2+ (A x b3 dch tri 3 bit) = 3
123

B nhn
a3

b1

a1

a2

&

&

a0

&

&

&

a2
&

a1
&

&

&

a1

a2
&

&

3
3

&

2
2

a1
&

1
1

a0
&

0
0

CI: Carry Input


(vo s nh)
CO: Carry Output
(ra s nh)

0
CI
CO

a3

CI

a2

a0

2
b3

&

CO

a3

b2

a3

b0

3
3

2
2

1
1

0
0

a0
&

0
CI
CO

p7

3
3

2
2

p6

1
1

p5

0
0

p4

p3

p2

p1

p0
124

Bi tp ln
Tin

1: b cng song song t 1 n


8 bit
Tin 2: b tr song song t 1 n 8
bit
Tin 3: b so snh song song t 1
n 8 bit
Bo co: np theo lp, chiu th 7,
tun 12, trc 16h30 (bo co in
trn giy (khng vit bng tay): , lm th no, kt qu, CT
ngun)
125

a1

a0

b1

b0

p3

p2

p1

p0

126

a3

a2

a1

a0

c0

c1

1
127

Chng 4
H dy

128

4.1 Khi nim

X1=

X2=

H dy: tin tc u ra khng ch ph thuc tin


tc u vo thi im hin ti m cn ph
thuc vo qu kh ca cc tin tc na h
c nh.
V d: Xt b cng nh phn lin tip. B cng
c 2 u vo X1, X2 l 2 s nh phn cn cng,
u ra Y l tng ca X1, X2.

t5

t4

t3

t2 t 1

0
LSB

B
B
cng
cng
lin
lin Y
tip
tip

t5

t4

t3

t2

t1

X1=

X2=

Y=

129

4.1 Khi nim

Nhn xt: Tn hiu ra Y l khc nhau ngay c


trong cc trng hp tn hiu vo nh nhau
Phn bit 2 loi qu kh ca tn hiu vo: mt
l loi tn hiu vo to ra s nh bng 0 v hai
l loi tn hiu vo to ra s nh bng 1.
Hai loi ny to nn 2 trng thi ca b cng
l c nh (s nh = 1) v khng nh(s nh =
0).
Ra ti :
vo ti
s nh ti-1: vo ti-1
s nh ti-2

130

4.2 Cc m hnh h dy

H DY

Trng thi

M hnh Mealy v m hnh Moore

131

4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
Mealy: m t h dy bng b 5
X : tp hu hn cc tn hiu vo. Nu h c m u vo
cc tn hiu vo tng ng l x1,x2...,xm
S : tp hu hn cc trng thi. Nu h c n trng thi
cc trng thi tng ng l s1,s2...,sn
Y: tp hu hn cc tn hiu ra. Nu h c

u ra ta c

cc tn hiu ra tng ng l y1,y2...,y


Fs: hm trng thi. Fs = Fs(X,S)
Fy : hm ra. Fy = Fy(X,S)

Moore: cng dng b 5 nh m hnh Mealy


iu khc bit duy nht: Fy = Fy(S)

132

4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
V d B cng nh phn lin tip

Xt theo m hnh Mealy:

Tp tn hiu vo: X={00,01,10,11}.


Tp tn hiu ra: Y = {0,1}.
Tp trng thi: S = {s0, s1}
Trng thi s0 l trng thi khng nh hay s nh
to ra bng 0.
Trng thi s1 l trng thi c nh hay s nh to
ra bng 1.

133

4.2 Cc m hnh h dy

Hm trng thi: (trng thi hin ti, trng thi tip


theo)
Fs(s0,11) = s1
Fs(s0,x1x2) = s0 nu x1x2=00, 01 hoc 10
Fs(s1,00) = s0
Fs(s1,x1x2) = s1 nu x1x2=10, 01 hoc 11.

Hm ra:
Fy(s0,00
Fy(s0,01
Fy(s1,00
Fy(s1,01

hoc
hoc
hoc
hoc

11)
10)
11)
10)

=
=
=
=

0
1
1
0

134

4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
Xt theo m hnh Moore:

Tp tn hiu vo: X={00,01,10,11}.


Tp tn hiu ra: Y = {0,1}.

Tp
s00
s01
s10
s11

trng thi: {s00, s01, s10, s11}


: trng thi khng nh, tn hiu ra bng 0
: trng thi khng nh, tn hiu ra bng 1
: trng thi c nh, tn hiu ra bng 0
: trng thi c nh, tn hiu ra bng 1.

Hm trng thi:
Fs(s00 hoc s01,00) = s00 ...

Hm ra:
Fy(s00) = Fy(s10) = 0
Fy(s01) = Fy(s11) = 1

135

4.2 Cc m hnh h dy

Bng trng thi Mealy


X

S
X1

X2

...

XN

s1

Fs(s1,X1),Fy(s1,X1)

Fs(s1,X2),Fy(s1,X2)

Fs(s1,XN),Fy(s1,XN)

s2

Fs(s2,X1),Fy(s2,X1)

Fs(s2,X2),Fy(s2,X2)

Fs(s2,XN),Fy(s2,XN)

sn

Fs(sn,X1),Fy(sn,X1)

Fs(sn,X2),Fy(sn,X2)

Fs(sn,XN),Fy(sn,XN)

Tn hiu ra
Trng thi tip theo
Trng thi hin ti

Nu h c m u vo th N <= 2m

136

4.2 Cc m hnh h dy

Bng trng thi Moore


X
S

Y
X1

X2

...

XN

s1

Fs(s1,X1)

Fs(s1,X2)

Fs(s1,XN)

Fy(s1)

s2

Fs(s2,X1)

Fs(s2,X2)

Fs(s2,XN)

Fy(s2)

sn

Fs(sn,X1)

Fs(sn,X2)

Fs(sn,XN)

Fy(sn)

Trng thi hin ti

Trng thi tip theo


137

4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
V

d B cng nh phn lin tip


Mealy

Moore

x1x2

S
00

01

x1x2

11

00

01

11

10

s00

s00

s01

s10

s01

s01

s00

s01

s10

s01

s10

s01

s10

s11

s10

s11

s01

s10

s11

s10

10

s0

s0,0

s0,1

s1,0

s0,1

s1

s0,1

s1,0

s1,1

s1,0

138

4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
hnh trng thi
X

s1

/Y

s2

V d B cng nh phn lin tip


00

00/0

11/1

11

s00

s0

11/0
00/1

01,10/1

Mealy

s10

01,10

s1

01,10/0

01,10

11

00

11

00

01,10

s01

01,10

s11
00

Moore

11
139

4.3 Cc trig (Flip-Flop)


Trig l phn t nh v l phn t c bn ca h dy
Trng thi ca trig chnh l tn hiu ra ca n.
4.3. 1 Trig RS
S

CLK
R

01

11

10

0 0

1 1

SR

Trng
thi
hin
ti

00

Nh Xa Kx Tlp
S: Set, R: Reset

Phng trnh trng thi:


1
S

Q = S + Rq
Trng thi tip theo Trng thi hin ti
CLK: CLOCK (ng h, ng b)
140

CLK
R

141

Trig RS
Biu thi gian
1
S

0
1

0
1

Q
0
Q

Thit lp

Xa

Nh 0

Thit lp

Nh 1

1
142

Trig RS
Tc dng ca ng h (CLK: CLOCK)

S=1
R=0
Q=1
S=1
R=0
Q=0

S=0
R=1
Q=1

S=0
R=1
Q=0

143

4.3.2 Trig D (Delay)


Q=D

Cht D (D latch): ng b
theo mc

Tu thuc vo tn hiu
ng b tch cc theo
mc hay theo sn
m c 2 loi trig D:
D

CLK

CLK
Q

D xc pht sn (edge triggered): ng b theo


sn dng hoc sn m ca tn hiu ng h v c k
hiu nh sau:
CLK
ng b sn +

CLK

ng b sn
144

145

Trig D- Biu thi gian

Cht D

D xc pht
sn dng

146

4.3.3 Trig JK

Q = J q + Kq

Nh

Tlp 0

Lt

Tlp 1

147

4.3.4 Trig T

Q = Tq + Tq

Nh

Lt

148

4.4 Mt s ng dng h dy

4.4.1 B m v chia tn s
B m dng m xung. B m
mun N: m N-1 xung, xung th N lm
cho b m quay v trng thi ngh hay
trng thi 0.
Phn loi:

B m ng b: xung m ng thi l xung


ng h a ti cc u vo CLK
B m khng ng b: khng cn a ng
thi xung m vo cc u vo CLK

149

4.4 Mt s ng dng h dy
a)

B m khng ng b

V d B m khng ng b mun
16 dng trig JK ng b sn m
ng h.
B m mun 16 c 16 trng
thi cn 4 trig

150

a) B m khng ng b
n

q4

q3

q2

q1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

n: s xung m
q4, q3,q2, q1: Trng thi ca
4 trig

151

a) B m khng ng b
1
CLK

Xung m
1

Q1

Q2

CLK

CLK
K

Q1

Q3

Q4
CLK

CLK
Q2

Q3

Q4

Tv Tr = 2 Tv, Fr = Fv/2
Tr

152

a) B m khng ng b
B

m mun 10

Q1

Q2

CLK

CLK

K CLR Q1

K CLR Q2

CLR: CLEAR (XA). CLR=0

Q3

K CLR Q3

Q4
CLK

CLK

CLK
1

K CLR Q4

Q=0

153

b) B m ng b
V d Mun 8

C
1

Q
CLK

Xung vo
(CLK)
CLK

S
m
0

Q
CLK

Q
FF1

K
FF2

A
J

Q
CLK

Q
FF3

FF1:
J=K=1, lt trng thi khi c CLK
FF2,FF3:
J=K
J=K=1: Ch lt khi c CLK
J=K=0: Ch nh khi c CLK

154

4.4.1 B m v chia tn s
B m ng thi l b chia tn s.
H s chia tn s ng bng mun ca b m
B m tin (tng):
s m tng ln 1 mi khi c 1 xung m
V d B m tin mun 8: 0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-0-
B m li (gim):
s m gim i 1 mi khi c 1 xung m
V d B m li mun 8: 7-6-5-4-3-2-1-0-7-
Cc IC c ch to lm b m thng cho php m
theo c 2 chiu
155

4.4.2 Thanh ghi

Chc nng: Lu tr v dch chuyn thng tin


Phn loi:
RA
0

VO

RA

Vo ni tip Ra ni tip

VO

Vo ni tip Ra song song


VO

VO
0

RA

Vo song song Ra ni tip

RA

Vo song song Ra song song

156

4.4.2 Thanh ghi


V d: Thanh ghi 4 bit dng trig D
A
S liu vo
D

CLOCK

B
D

C
D

D
D

CLK

CLK

CLK

CLK

CLR Q

CLR Q

CLR Q

CLR Q

CLEAR

CLR = 0

Q=0

157

4.4.2 Thanh ghi


Dng

VO

RA

CLR

S
liu

CLK

10

11

12

10

13

11

14

12

15

13

158

4.4.2 Thanh ghi


Chung

159

Chng 5
Tng hp v phn tch h dy

160

5.1 Khi nim

H dy c 2 loi bi ton: phn tch v tng hp

Bng ng dng ca trig


q

Q D

Q S

Q J

Q T

161

5.2 Tng hp h dy

Bi ton tng hp h dy gm cc bc nh sau:

1. Tm bng trng thi di dng m ho trng thi


ca h
2. Thnh lp bng kch trig trn c s bng trng
thi m ho trn v bng ng dng ca trig
tng ng
3. Xc nh hm kch trig v ti thiu ho cc hm
kch
4. Xc nh hm ra v ti thiu ho cc hm ra.
5. V s thc hin h da trn cc hm kch v
hm ra xc nh c
V d 1 Tng hp thanh ghi 3 bit dch phi dng trig D
Thanh ghi 3 bit c 8 trng thi
c 3 bin trng thi cn 3 trig
162

5.2 Tng hp h dy (V d 1)
S liu vo: x
3 bin trng thi: q1q2q3
Bng trng thi m ha

Bin trng thi tip theo:


Q1Q2Q3

000

000

100

001

000

100

010

001

101

011

001

101

100

010

110

101

010

110

110

011

111

111

011

111

q1q2q3

163

5.2 Tng hp h dy (V d 1)
Hm kch trig

Q1 = x, Q2 = q1, Q3 = q2

D1 = x, D2 = q1, D3 = q2

S thc hin
x

D1

q1

CLK
q1

D2

q2

CLK
q2

D3

q3

CLK
q3

CLOCK

164

5.2 Tng hp h dy (V d 2)
V d 2 Tng hp h dy ng b dng trig JK. H c 1 u vo
x v 1 u ra y. Cc u vo v ra ny u l nh phn.
u ra y = 1 nu u vo x xut hin theo qui lut x
= 0101. Cc trng hp khc th y = 0.

Tng hp theo m hnh Mealy

H dy
x=0101011..

A: ch 0 u tin
B: c 0 ch 1
C: c 01
D: c 010

1/0

0/0

y=0001010..

0/0

B
1/0

0/0

0/0

D
1/1

1/0

165

5.2 Tng hp h dy (V d 2)

Cn 2 bin trng thi q1q2 m


q10
1
ha

Bng trng thi

x0

S
A

B,0

A,0

B,0

C,0

D,0 A,0

B,0

C,1

Bng trng thi m ha

q2
0

q1q2

x0

00

01,0 00,0

01

01,0 10,0

11

01,0 10,1

10

11,0 00,0
Q1Q2

Q1Q2

166

q1q2

x0

1
q Q J

00

01,0 00,0

0 0 0 -

01

01,0 10,0

0 1 1 -

11

01,0 10,1

10

11,0 00,0
Q1Q2

1 0 -

1 1 -

0
x

q1q

J1K1

J2K2

J1K1

J2K2

00

0-

1-

0-

0-

01

0-

-0

1-

-1

11

-1

-0

-0

-1

10

-0

1-

-1

0-

167

5.2 Tng hp h dy (V d 2)

Bng trng thi Moore

x0

Bng trng thi Mealy


x0

S
A0

B0

A0

A0

B0,0 A0,0

B0

B0

C0

B0

B0,0 C0,0

C0

D0

A0

C0

D0,0 A0,0

D0

B0

C1

D0

B0,0 C1,1

C1

D0

A0

C1

D0,0 A0,0

168

5.2 Tng hp h dy (V d 2)

q Q J

Bng
ng
dng

x
q1q
2

Bng kch trig

0 0 0 -

q1q

0 1 1 1 0 -

1 1 -

x
0

00

01

11

10

J1K1

J2K2

J1K1

J2K2

00

0-

1-

0-

0-

01

0-

-0

1-

-1

11

-1

-0

-0

-1

10

-0

1-

-1

0-

Hm kch trig

J1 = xq2

J 2 = x K2 = x

Hm ra:

K 1 = xq 2 + q 2 x
y = xq1q2

169

T4:
T5:
T6:
TP:
T1:
T2:
T3:

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1100
1011
0110
0001
0011
0111
1101

170

5.2 Tng hp h dy (V d 2)

S thc hin

CLK

CLOCK

&

J2
q2

K2
q2

=1

&
J1
q1

CLK
K1
q1

171

5.3 Phn tch h dy

Cc bc thc hin theo trnh t ngc li so vi tng hp


h dy

V d: Cho s h dy ng b dng trig JK nh sau. Hy


phn tch xc nh chc nng ca h.

J2
q2
CLK
K2
q2

J1
q1

&

CLK
K1
q1

y
&

CLOCK

172

5.3 Phn tch h dy (V d)

T s vit biu thc hm kch v hm ra:


J1 = q2, K2 =

, yxq=
1 q 2 + xq 1 q 2

,x J2 = x, K1 = q 2

Bng kch trig


x
q1q

0
J1

1
J2

J1

J2

K
2

00

01

11

10

0
173

5.3 Phn tch h dy (V d)

J1 = q2, K2 =

, yxq=
1 q 2 + xq 1 q 2

,x J2 = x, K1 = q 2

Bng kch trig


q Q J

0 0 0 0 1 1 -

x
q1q

0
J1

1
J2

J1

J2

K
2

00

1 0 -

01

1 1 -

11

10

0
174

5.3 Phn tch h dy (V d)

Bng trng thi m ha


x
q1q2
00
01
11
10

Q1Q

Q1Q

00,
0
10,
0
10,
1
00,
0

Bng trng thi

01,
0
11,
0
11,
0
01,
1

x
SA

A,0

B,0

D,0

C,0

D,1

C,0

A,0

B,1

175

Bng kch trig


x
q1q

Bng trng thi m ha

0
J1

J2

1
K

J1

J2

K
2

00

01

11

10

q1q2

Q1Q

Q1Q

00

00

01

01

10

11

11

10

11

10

00

01

176

5.3 Phn tch h dy (V d)

hnh trng thi

177

1.

Cho s nh sau. M t
hot ng ca s khi phm
P4 c n.
D
CLK

B
m
mu
n
8

u vo
m

A MUX
B 81
C
P

20
21

+5
V
1

D2

D
3

22

P
7
6

P
0

178

2.
D0 PR

D1
Q1

Q0

CLK
START

D2
Q2

D3
Q3

CLK

CLK

CLK

CLR

CLR

CLR

PR: PRESET
PR = 0
Q=1

CLOCK

CLK

10

11

START
Cho dng tn hiu CLOCK v START nh hnh v. Hy v
dng trn cng trc thi gian tn hiu cc u ra Q0, Q1,
Q2, Q3 v gii thch.
179

3. Tng hp b so snh lin tip hai s A,B


c di bit tu bng h dy ng b
dng trig JK theo m hnh Moore. Hai s
A,B c so snh bt u t bit LSB.

180

4. Cho s ng b dng trig T nh


sau. Hy phn tch v cho bit chc nng
ca s .
1

T1

q1

CLK

T2

q2

CLK
q1

q2

CLOCK

181

5. Cho s nh sau. Hy phn tch v cho bi t


ch c nng c a h . V tn hi u t i cc u A, B, C
dng trn cng tr c th i gian cho 8 xung ng h .

182

a
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

b
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

c
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

J1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

K1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

J2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

K2
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0

J3
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0

K3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1

A
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1

B
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1

C
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0

001

010
100

183

6. T ng h p thanh ghi 4 bit vo n i ti p ra song


song dng tri g D. Thanh ghi cn c u vo E
nh chi u d ch. N u E = 1 th thanh ghi d ch
ph i, cn E = 0 th thanh ghi d ch tri.

184

2.
1

10

11

START

Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3

185

D0
Q0

D1
Q1

CLK

CLOCK

&

CLK
Q1

CLK

Q0

Q1

Q1

186

COUNTER MOD8

CLK

START

187

188

189

3.

t3

t2

t1

t0

YG(A>B)
So
snh
YE(A=B)
1
1
0
1
B
lin
YL(A<B)
LSB
A > B: G (YG = 1), A = B:tip
E (YE = 1), A < B: L (YL = 1)

190

3.

t3

t2

t1

t0

YG(A>B)
So
snh
YE(A=B)
1
1
0
1
B
lin
YL(A<B)
LSB
A > B: G (YG = 1), A = B:tip
E (YE = 1), A < B: L (YL = 1)

AB 00

01

11

10

YG

YE

YL

S
G

191

3.

t3

t2

t1

t0

YG(A>B)
So
snh
YE(A=B)
1
1
0
1
B
lin
YL(A<B)
LSB
A > B: G (YG = 1), A = B:tip
E (YE = 1), A < B: L (YL = 1)

AB 00

01

11

10

00

01

00

10

--

--

--

--

YG

YE

YL

q1q2

00
01
11
10
q1q2

G :10, E : 00, L : 01

192

4.
Bng trng thi m ha:
q1q2 Q1Q2
00

01

01

10

10

00

11

00

Tp trng thi tng ng: l tp trng


thi
m ng vi cng mt tn hiu vo h
chuyn
n cng mt trng thi tip theo v cho

193

BI TP
1.

2.

Tng hp h t hp cho php


dng 3 cng-tc lm sng, tt
cng 1 n. Bt k cng tc no
cng c th lm sng, tt n.
Khng dng b cng, hy tng
hp h t hp thc hin php
ton A = B+3. B l mt s 3 bit,
cn A c s bit ty chn cho
thch hp
194

3. Vi gi tr no ca t hp
(A7A6...A1A0)2 th S = R
A6
A4
A2
A0

A7
A5

&

A3
A1

&

195

4. S dng b chn knh thch


hp to hm sau:
F(A,B,C) = ABC +B C + ABC

Chng minh cu tr li.

196

5. Tng hp b chn knh 2-1


dng ch cc phn t NAND c
2 u vo.
6. Tng hp b phn knh 1-2.
7. Tng hp b nhn 2 s 2 bit
m khng dng b cng.
8. Dng mt b chn knh 8-1
to ra hm sau:
F(A,B,C,D) =
R(0,3,4,6,8,11,13,15)
Chng minh cu tr li.

197

H T HP
Tng hp:
Bit chc nng h -> Thit k s thc
hin h
1. Chc nng -> Bng tht (bin vo ? hm
ra ? quan h vo-ra ?)
2. T bng tht vit hm ra theo bin vo
(ti thiu ha)
3. V s thc hin hm c bc 2.
Phn tch:
Bit s thc hin h -> Tm chc nng
1. T s vit biu thc hm ra theo bin vo
2. Thnh lp bng tht da vo 1.
3. Suy ra chc nng t bng tht
198

Gii bi tp chng 5
1.
3 cng tc: 3 bin A, B, C. F=0: n tt, F=1: n sng
A

F=A

199

2. B: 3 bit
b2
b1
b0

b2

A: 4 bit

A=B+3

b1

b0

a3

a2

a1

a0

0 0 0 0 0 1 1
a3
a2
a1
a0

0 0 1 0 1 0 0

1 1 0 1 0 0 1

Vit biu thc cc hm ra


theo 3 bin vo (ti thiu ha)

1 1 1 1 0 1 0

V s
200

4.

F(A,B,C) = ABC +B C + ABC


1

E0

Vit biu thc hm di dng tuyn chnh qui:0

E1

E2

E3

E4

E5

E6

E7 C C C
2 1 0

F(A,B,C) = ABC +B C (A+A)+ ABC


= ABC + A B C +AB C + ABC
F(A,B,C) =R(0,2,4,7)

F(A,B,
C)

A
B
C

201

F(A,B,C,D) =
R(0,3,4,6,8,11,13,15)
8.

A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1

C
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1

D
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

F
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0

E0

E1

E2

E3

E4

E5

E6

E7 C C C
2 1 0

F(A,B,C,
D)

B
C
D

202

BI TP LN (1)
1. Lp trnh Pascal m phng b cng song
song.

B cng cho php cng 2 s nh phn


t 1 bit n 8 bit

Hai s nh phn cn cng c nhp t


bn phm

Kt qu hin th l s nh phn

203

1.3 cng tc: 3 bin A, B, C.

F=0: n tt, F=1: n sng

A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

204

BI TP LN (2)
2. Lp trnh Pascal m phng b so snh
song song.

B so snh cho php so snh 2 s nh


phn t 1 bit n 8 bit

Hai s nh phn cn so snh c nhp


t bn phm

Hin th kt qu so snh

205

BI TP LN (1/3)
1. Lp trnh m phng b cng song
song.
B cng cho php cng 2 s nh
phn t 1 bit n 8 bit
Hai s nh phn cn cng c
nhp t bn phm
Hin th kt qu

206

BI TP LN (2/3)
2. Lp trnh m phng b so snh
song song.
B so snh cho php so snh 2 s
nh phn t 1 bit n 8 bit
Hai s nh phn cn so snh c
nhp t bn phm
Hin th kt qu

207

BI TP LN (3/3) (ST7/t15)
3.

H dy ng b c 1 u vo x v 1
u ra y. u ra y = 1 nu u
vo x xut hin theo qui lut x =
0110. Cc trng hp khc th y =
0. Tng hp h dy dng trig JK
theo m hnh Mealy v m phng
h tng hp c theo ngn
ng lp trnh ty chn.
208

BI TP LN (2)
H dy ng b c 1 u vo x v 1
u ra y. u ra y = 1 nu u
vo x xut hin theo qui lut x =
1001. Cc trng hp khc th y =
0. Tng hp h dy dng trig JK
theo m hnh Mealy v m phng
h tng hp c theo ngn
ng lp trnh ty chn.
x=1
0010
01
y=
0001001
2.

209

BI TP LN (3)

Mi sinh vin np bo co bi tp ln
(in, khng vit tay). Trong bo co cn
c:

Chng trnh ngun


Phn tch chng trnh ngun
Kt qu chy chng trnh

Ch sinh vin no np bi tp ln th
mi
c d thi ln 1.Np theo lp vo th
7 ca tun 12.
210

Kim tra 90. Khng s dng ti liu


Cc TL lin quan khng mt bn ()
Cu 1. S dng s lng t nht b chn knh 2-1 thc hin
mt b chn knh 4-1.
Cu 2. Gi thit c s 4 bit A = a3a2a1a0. Hy s dng s lng b
chn knh 4-1 cn thit thc hin php dch vng s A nh
sau:
a3a2a1a0 a0a3a2a1 a1a0a3a2 a2a1a0a3 a3a2a1a0
E
&
Cu 3. Cho s dng trig
D
D
D v tn hiu vo E nh hnh
Q
Q
v. Hy v tn hiu ti u ra y
CLK
CLK
dng trn cng trc thi gian
vi CLK v gii thch.
0

CLOCK

Q1

CLK

211

Cu 4. Dng b gii m 3 u vo v s lng t


nht cc phn t lgic c bn thc hin b
cng y . Gii thch kt qu.

212

Cu 5. Hy phn tch v cho bit chc nng ca s sau

ENABLE
213

Cu 6. Cho s nh hnh v. Hy v tn hiu ra ti q, ti


u vo R dng theo cng trc thi gian vi CLOCK v gii
thch. Bit rng b m mun 8 tch cc vi sn m ca
ng h. B m ch m khi u vo E mc cao, nu E
mc thp th b m khng m. Gi thit trc khi c
xung START trng
thi b m l 000 v q = 0.
STAR
S
q

&

>CLK
R

22
21
20
E
m mun 8

CLOCK

CLOCK

START
214

CLOCK

START

q,E

215

IT

D
UA

UA > UK: it thng ID >0


UK

ID

UA <= UK: it tt ID = 0

216

a1

a0

b1

b0

p3

p2

p1

p0

217

Chng 6. B nh

218

5.1. Vai tr ca b nh i vi h thng my tnh

B nh chng trnh: cho php lu tr, ly ra, thay i chng


trnh
B nh d liu: lu tr d liu trong qu trnh chng trnh tnh ton
hoc kt qu chy chng trnh.

B nh trong (chnh) v b nh ngoi (ngoi vi)


B nh trong : thng tin c lu tr v ly ra vi tc rt nhanh
B nh ngoi: thng c dung lng rt ln hn so vi b nh trong
nhng chm hn so vi b nh trong.

B nh cha cc bit thng tin. T: nhm cc bit biu din cho mt


thc th thng tin. di t: c th t 4 n 32 bit hoc nhiu hn.
nh: tp cc phn t c th lu tr mt t. Chng hn: nh cha
t 8 bit c th gm 8 trig.
Dung lng b nh: thng c biu din theo bi ca 210 = 1024 (
211 = 2048 = 2K, 216 = 65536 = 64K
219

5.1. Vai tr ca b nh i vi h thng my tnh

My tnh

n v s hc

n v iu khin

B nh trong
(bn dn)

n v x l trung tm (CPU)

B nh ngoi
(bng, a)

220

Cc thao tc i vi b nh
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Chn a ch trong b nh ang c truy nhp c hoc ghi


La chn thao tc c hoc ghi cn phi thc hin
Cung cp d liu vo cn phi lu tr trong qu trnh ghi
Duy tr d liu ra ly t b nh trong qu trnh c
Kch hot (hoc khng kch hot) b nh b nh s (hoc khng
c p ng i vi a ch a vo v lnh c/ghi

221

5.2. T chc b nh
a D7
ch

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

222

Bus s liu 8 bit 2 chiu

CPU
CPU

ghi

B
B nh
nh

Bus a ch 16 bit 1chiu


Tn hiu iu khin

223

Chip nh 8 t x 4 bit
Vo

I0
A0

a ch

I1

I2

A1

8 t
x 4 bit

A2
O0

O1

O2

I3
CS
WE

Chip Select
Write Enable

O3

Ra

224

I1

Vo

Gii m

I0

T 0
T 1

a ch
A0
A1

CS
T 2

WE

T 3

O1

Ra

O0
225

CS
WE

Io
A0

a ch

A1
A2
Oo

I1

I2

8 t
x 4 bit
Chip 1
O1

I3
CS
WE

O2 O3

I4
A0
A1
A2
O4

I5

I6

8 t
x 4 bit
Chip 2
O5

I7
CS
WE

O6 O7

Mc song song 2 chip nh 8 t 4 bit to thnh chip nh 8 t 8 bit

226

Mc song song chip nh tng dung lng b nh


CS (A3)
WE

Io
A0

a ch

A1
A2
Oo

I1

I2

8 t
x 4 bit
Chip 1
O1

I3
CS
WE

O2 O3

Io
A0
A1
A2
Oo

I1

I2

8 t
x 4 bit
Chip 2
O1

I3
CS
WE

O2 O3

Bus chung
227

Bit line
CS

Read / Write

I/O
Bit vo, ra chung mt ng

228

000

000

100

001

000

010

000

000

100

100

001

000

100

001

101

010

001

100

011

001

101

100

010

100

100

010

110

101

010

110

110

011

111

111

011

111

q1q2q3

q1q2q3

229

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