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I. Nhit
Nhit l tnh cht vt l ca vt cht hiu nm na l thang o "nng" v "lnh". Vt cht c nhit cao hn th nng hn.
Gin n ca vt liu Bin i trng thi ca vt liu Thay i in tr ca vt liu Hiu ng nhit in
1.1 Cp nhit in
Cu to : Gm 2 cht liu kim loi khc nhau , hn dnh 1 u gi l u nng (hay u o),2 u cn li l u lnh(hay u chun). Nguyn l : Khi c s chnh lch nhit gia u nng v u lnh th s pht sinh 1 sc in ng V ti u lnh. Thng dng : L nhit, mi trng kht nghit, o nhit nht my nn ,. Tm o: -100 D.C<1400D.C
Hnh nh cp nhit in
1.2 Bn dn
- Cu to: Lm t cc loi cht bn dn. - Nguyn l: S phn cc ca cc cht bn dn b nh hng bi nhit . - Thng dng: o nhit khng kh, dng trong cc thit b o, bo v cc mch in t. Tm o: -50 <150 D.C. D dng bt gp cc cm bin loi ny di dng diode ( hnh dng tng t Pt100), cc loi IC nh: LM35, LM335, LM45
Cm bin nhit
1.3 Thermistor
- Cu to: Lm t hn hp cc oxid kim loi: mangan, nickel, cobalt, Nguyn l: Thay i in tr khi nhit thay i. C hai loi: H s nhit dng PTC- in tr tng theo nhit ; H s nhit m NTC in tr gim theo nhit . Thng dng nht l loi NTC - Thng dng: Lm cc chc nng bo v, p vo cun dy ng c, mch in t. - Tm o: 50 <150 D.C.
Khi vt o khng tip xc vi mi trng o, php o da vo s ph thuc ca bc x nhit ca mi trng o vo nhit . Phng php thng s dng l ha quang k.
Ha quang k
Nhit k bc x ( ha k ) l loi thit b chuyn dng dng o nhit ca nhng mi trng m cc cm bin thng thng khng th tip xc c ( l nung thp, ha cht n mn mnh, kh t cm bin). Gm c cc loi: Ha k pht x, ha k cng sng, ha k mu sc. Chng hot ng da trn nguyn tc cc vt mang nhit s c hin tng bc x nng lng. V nng lng bc x s c mt bc sng nht nh. Ha k s thu nhn bc sng ny v phn tch cho ra nhit ca vt cn o.
2.1 Ha quang k mu sc
Dng c o nhit da trn phng php o t s cng bc x ca 2 nh sng c bc sng khc nhau 1 va 2.
Nguyn l lm vic: so snh cng sng ca i tng o vi cng sng ca ngun chun trong di ph hp
Cc my o nhit t xa
LM35 l mt h IC cm bin nhit sn xut theo cng ngh bn dn da trn cc cht bn dn d b tc ng bi s thay i ca nhit , u ra ca cm bin l in p(V) t l vi nhit m n c t trong mi trng cn o.