GVHD: TH.

S Vn Hng Thin Nhm 10 Lp: DHSH4

Danh sch nhm

1. Nguyn Quc Anh 08199251

2. Trn Tuyt Mai

3. Trn Th Cm Nhung 4. Nguyn Vn Phong 5. Ng Tuyt Phng 6. Hong Th Minh Tm 7. Hunh Th M Thng 8. L Thu Yn

08102401
10251141 08101551 08256471 08101691 08238731 08223561

Ni Dung:
Khi nim VSV ch th
Phn loi VSV ch th c im VSV ch th Cc vi sinh vt ch th in hnh

Khi nim vi sinh vt ch th

Nhng i tng VSV c nhu cu nht nh v iu kin sinh
thi lin quan n nhu cu dinh dng, hm lng oxy cng nh kh nng chng chu mt hm lng nht nh cc yu t c hi trong mi trng sng v do , s hin din ca chng biu th mt tnh trng v iu kin sinh thi ca mi trng sng nm trong gii hn nhu cu v kh nng chng chu ca i tng sinh vt .

Thay i

Ti sao dng sinh vt lm vt ch th MT? Thay i ca iu kin MT Thay i ca VSV

MT mt a im quyt nh c th c kh nng c tr im

ch th cho thay i MT (Warren)

Nhu cu ring bit: hm lng cht dinh dng, oxy ha tan, MT nhim Bin i ca VSV

Tch ly cht nhim, c nhng phn ng khc nhau vi tng cht nhim

Phn loi vi sinh vt ch th

Mi trng thnh phn Mc nhim ca mi trng

VSV ch th nhim
Nhu cu ca VSV

c im ca VSV ch th
D phn loi

D thu mu
Tnh thch nghi cao; Phn

b rng
C cc dn liu t sinh thi

hc phong ph

 C s tch lu cht nhim Nhy cm vi iu kin mi trng thay i c li hay

bt li cho sinh vt
Sinh vt c thch ng hp thng ch th tt hn loi thch ng rng T l s lng ca cc loi v c qun x cng cn ch trong khi xc nh sinh vt ch th

Hnh thc thch nghi ca VSV ch th vi MT

Thch nghi hnh thi

Thch nghi di truyn

Mt s phng php s dng ch th sinh hc trong nh gi nhim mi trng

1. S dng ch s sinh hc
Bng 1. nh gi cht lng nc theo ch s a dng loi

Bng nh gi cht lng nc theo ch s a dng loi Ch s a dng Cht lng nc <1 Rt nhim 1 n 2 nhim >2-3 nhim nh > 3 - 4.5 Sch > 4.5 Rt sch

2. S dng VSV tch t

L nhng VSV ch th, khng ch c tnh cht ch th cho mi trng thch ng, m cn c th tch t mt s cht nhim no trong c th chng vi hm lng cao hn nhiu ln so vi mi trng ngoi

Cht nhim

B mt c th

Cu trc c trng

Nut vo cng vi thc n

C th VSV

Nhng yu t nh hng n chnh xc ca VSV ch th

VSV c qu trnh trao i cht mnh hn th c kh nng tch t nhanh hn ngay c trong iu kin ngun thc n b hn ch Tui v kch thc ca VSV Nng v cc dng cht nhim C th din ra trong sut vng i ca sinh vt m khng c tc ng ph xut hin Hm lng tch lu trong m ca VSVTT c th gp 103 - 106 ln so vi trong MT - "khuych i sinh hc" nh gi nhim KLN Nng cht tch t

3. Php th sinh hc
S dng sinh vt nhng iu kin th nghim (c i chng) nghin cu, nh gi MT

Tiu chun la chn VSV trong th nghim sinh hc:

Cc tiu chun nh i vi VSVCTMT

Cn cn phi c cc tiu chun khc:

- Mn cm v bn vng trong phn hi vi cht gy nhim

- trng thi kho mnh, khng d b nhim bnh v k sinh - Cc loi thng s (ch tiu) dng theo di: nhng thay i

trong tp tnh, hnh thi, sinh l v sinh ho hc

Bng 2. Nhng ch tiu chnh s dng trong php th sinh hc

Loi sinh vt Vi khun, nm, ng vt nguyn sinh ch tiu theo di Tnh t bin BOD; nitrat ho Kh nng phn hu Tc sinh trng Tc ti sinh (sinh sn) Kh nng quang hp; h hp Hm lng cht dip lc Tnh t bin Tc ng hnh thi v m Hiu ng gy cht Tc ti sinh Pht trin tnh d thng Kh nng sinh trng; h hp T l thc n Bin i sinh ho Tc ng hnh thi v m Bin i tp tnh

To v nhng thc vt khc

VKXS v VCXS

VI SINH VT CH THI NHIM NC

nhim phn NHM Coliform : c trng l Escherichia coli. NHM Streptococci: Lin cu, c trng l

Streptococcus faecalis ngun gc t ngi, S.bovis t

cu, S.equinus t nga

NHM Clostridia: kh sunfit c trng l Clostridium

perfringens u dng pht hin s nhim phn trong nc

 nhim phn

Escoli

C. perfringens

Streptococcus

E.Coli
nh gi v sinh ngun nc C y cc tiu chun ca loi ch th l tng. C th xc nh trong iu kin thc a vi nhng phng php tng i n gin v tin cy. Xc nh Coliform d hn cc nhm khc

D nui cy

Nhit : 5 40oC, Topt 37oC

pH 5.5 8, pHopt 7 - 7.2 E. Coli c xc nh trong phng th nghim t 3 5 ngy, 44 45oC

CH TH NHIM T PHN
c im:

pH thp
Giu cc cht c dng ion Al3+, Fe3+, SO42-

Ngp nc quanh nm hay ngp 1 thi gian

Ho phn nhanh chng khi kh nc Thng c mu en hoc nu tng t, mt. C mi c trng ca lu hunhv H2S.

Vi sinh vt trong t phn:

Vi khunThiobacillus thiodans, Thiobacillus Femorxidans.
Sng c pH= 2 Ly nng lng t phn ng oxi ha kh trong qu trnh

to phn.
Thiobacillus Ferorxidans c vai tr xc tc trong qu trnh

oxi ha kh Fe2+ thnh Fe3+.

Thiobacillus thiooxidans s thc y FeSO4 oxi ho nhanh chng thnh Fe3+ 2FeSO4 + H2SO4 + 1/2O2 -> Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O Fe3+ s phn ng nhanh vi FeS2 hnh thnh nhiu Sulfuric acid hn na FeS2 + 14Fe3+ + 8H2O ->15Fe2+ + 16H+ + 2SO42Fe2+ + SO42- + 1/2O2 + 1/3K+ -> 1/2KFe(SO4)2(OH)6 + H+ + 1/2SO42-

Ti liu tham kho

1. http://baigiang.violet.vn/present/show/entry_id/5227899 2. http://www.daivietcorp.com/index.php/support/130-cac-vi-sinhvt-gay-bnh-ch-yu-trong-nc-thi.html 3. http://tusach.thuvienkhoahoc.com/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9 Bc_b%E1%BB%8B_%C3%B4_nhi%E1%BB%85m_vi_sinh_v

%E1%BA%ADt_nh%C6%B0_th%E1%BA%BF_n%C3%A0o%
3F 4. http://tailieu.vn/xem-tai-lieu/bai-giang-phan-tich-moitruong.394260.html

5. gbic.tamug.edu/gbeppubs/21/GBNEP21_7-16.pdf 6. www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/iwachap13.pdf 7. mi.water.usgs.gov/.../BactHOWeb.html 8. http://www.golfvn.net/forum/index.php?topic=464.0

9. science.kmutt.ac.th/class/mic452/indicator
10.http://www.ctu.edu.vn/colleges/tech/bomon/ttktmoitruong/daotao/ giao%20trinh%20dien%20tu/xlnt/wasterwaterorganism.htm