Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni Vin in T - Vin Thng

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BO CO THC TP
KHO ST MCH GIAO TIP THU BAO

Ging vin hng dn Sinh vin thc hin Lp

: : Hong S Tn - 20083473 Nguyn Th Hng - 20081327 : in t 3-K53

H Ni, 09/2011

NI DUNG BO CO
I. Tm hiu h tng i SPC
1. Gii thiu chung v tng i SPC
Tng i in t SPC (Store Program Controller ) l tng i c iu khin theo chng trnh ghi sn trong b nh chng trnh iu khin lu tr. Ngi ta dng b vi x l iu khin mt lng ln cng vic mt cch nhanh chng bng phn mm x l c ci sn trong b nh chng trnh. Phn d liu ca tng i - nh s liu thu bao, bng phin dch, x l a ch thu bao, thng tin nh tuyn, tnh cc - c ghi sn trong b nh s liu. Nguyn l chuyn mch nh trn gi l chuyn mch c iu khin theo chng trnh ghi sn SPC. Nhim v ca tng i l : - Bo hiu : Trao i bo hiu vi mng bn ngoi, bao gm mng cc ng dy thu bao v mng cc ng dy trung k u ni vi cc tng i khc. - X l bo hiu v iu khin cc thao tc chuyn mch : C nhim v nhn thng tin bo hiu t mng ng dy thu bao v cc ng trung k x l, pht ra cc thng tin iu khin iu khin thit b chuyn mch v cc thit b ph tr khc to tuyn kt ni, cp cc ng bo hiu n thu bao. - Tnh cc : Chc nng ny tnh cc cho ph hp vi tng loi cuc gi, c ly... sau khi cuc gi kt thc.

2. S khi ca tng i SPC

Cu trc ca tng i SPC ni chung nh hnh 1: 1. Giao tip thu bao, giao tip trung k 2. Thit b ngoi vi, bo hiu 3. Thit b ngoi vi chuyn mch 4. Thit b iu khin trung tm 5. Thit b giao tip ngi my Ngoi ra tng i quc t cn c cc khi : tnh cc, thng k, ng b mng, trung tm x l thng tin, thit b giao tip thu bao xa.

ng dy thu bao

Mch ng dy

Thit b kt ni

Trung k tng t

Trung k s

Thit b Chuyn Mch

Bo hiu knh chung

2

Bo hiu knh ring

Thit b phn phi bo hiu

Thit b o th trng thi ng dy

3

Thit b iu khin u ni

BUS iu khin

B x l trung tm B nh
4

Thit b trao i I/O

5

Hnh 1 : S khi tng i SPC

3. iu ch xung m PCM
K thut iu ch xung m PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) l kt qu thu c ca cc th tc x l ri rc tn hiu tng t theo thi gian, lng t ha theo mc tn hiu v m ha i lng mc lng t ca tn hiu thnh cc t hp m nh phn tng ng. Qu trnh thng tin PCM c minh ha nh hnh v :

Hnh 1 : Tuyn thng tin s K thut PCM bao gm 3 bc:

+Ly mu:
Ly mu chnh l qu trnh ri rc ha tn hiu tng t. y l bc chuyn tn hiu mang thng tin dng lin tc thnh tn hiu mang thng tin ri rc, bng phng php ly mu (Sampling), sao cho tn hiu ri rc phi mang y thng tin ca tn hiu tng t, ti to c thng tin mt cch trung thc u thu. Qu trnh ri rc ha tn hiu s lm cho tn hiu lin tc thnh mt dy xung PAM

+Lng t ha:
L thay th mt tn hiu tng t c ly mu bng tp hu hn ca cc mc bin , tc l bin i tn hiu lin tc theo cc mc thnh tn hiu c bin ri rc. u im ca lng t ha tn hiu ly mu l gim c nh hng ca tp m. Cc mc tn hiu ri rc ny gi l mc lng t ha, khong cch gia hai mc lng t ha gi l bc lng t

+M ha tn hiu:
Sau khi lng t ha xung PAM, mi xung PAM s c lng t ha theo 8 bits. Trong c 1 bit du v 7 bit s liu

4. Chuyn mch s T,S kt hp

tng i in t, h thng chuyn mch l mt b phn ct yu. N c nhng chc nng sau : + Chuyn mch : Thit lp tuyn ni gia hai thu bao trong tng i vi nhau hay gia cc tng i vi nhau.

+ Truyn dn : Da trn c s tuyn ni c thit lp, thit b chuyn mch thc hin chc nng truyn dn tn hiu ting ni, s liu v tn hiu bo hiu gia cc thu bao vi nhau vi cht lng cao. Cc phng thc chuyn mch: + Chuyn mch thi gian (T): l chuyn mch trn nguyn l trao i v tr khe thi gian ca tn hiu PCM vo vi tuyn PCM ra ca b chuyn mch thi gian + Chuyn mch khng gian (S): cu to ca b chuyn mch khng gian gm mt ma trn tip im chuyn mch kt ni theo khiu hng v ct. Cc hng u vo cc tip im chuyn mch c gn vi tuyn PCM vo. Cc ct u ra ca cc tip im chuyn mch to thnh cc tuyn PCM ra. Ta c mt ma trn chuyn mch khng gian c kch thc nxn, s tuyn PCM vo bng s tuyn ra. + Chuyn mch kt hp: nu hai loi chuyn mch c a vo ng dng ring r th hiu qu kinh doanh khng cao do tng i s c dung lng nh. iu dn ti khng c tnh kinh t. khc phc nhng nhc im trn, cc nh sn xut nghin cu phi ghp cc trng chuyn mch S v chuyn mch T to nn trng chuyn mch c dung lng ln. Cc loi chuyn mch kt hp : T - S , S - T , T - S - T , S - T - S , T - S T - S v T - S - S - T. Vi cc li chuyn mch trn, ngi ta cn c vo s lng thu bao m s dng tng loi chuyn mch cho thch hp. -S lng thu bao t th c th s dng chuyn mch T - S , S - T. -Chuyn mch S - T - S thch hp cho tng i c quan PABX (dung lng hn ch v tng S c th gy ra tn tht bn trong). -Chuyn mch T - S - T thch hp cho tng i c dung lng thu bao ln v c a vo s dng rng ri trong thc t. Do s dng tng T u vo nn hn ch c suy hao. -Chuyn mch T - S - T - S v T - S - S - T c s dng cho cc tng i c s thu bao ln hn.

II. TM HIU MY IN THOI C NH

1. S KHI MY IN THOI C NH Trc khi tm hiu nguyn l hot ng ca my in thoi c nh, trc tin ta tm hiu s qua v cu to bn trong my in thoi c inh. S khi ca my in thoi c nh nh sau:

Line telephone

Khi chng qu p

Khi chuyn mch Hook

Khi chng o mch

Khi kha in t

Khi thoi

T hp nghe ni

Khi chung

Bn phm

Khi quay s

Hnh 1: S khi mch my in thoi c nh Line telephone L ng dy ni gia tng i v my in thoi gm 2 dy: T (Tip) v R (Ring) Khi chng qu p L nhng linh kin bo v my in thoi khi ng dy c p cao hay st. Cc linh kin thng dng l Diac v Diot Zenner.

T
Diac

T R
Diode Zener

Hnh 2: Khi chng qu p Khi chuyn mch Hook (chuyn mch nhc/ t) C nhim v phn bit mch thu chung v cc mch cn li Khi chng o cc L cu Diot c tc dng duy tr cc tnh ca dng in trong mch my in thoi. Khi kha in t Gm 1 nhm Transistor c nhim v: - Khi ng ngun cho mch my in thoi. - Phn ngun cho mch thoi v mch quay s. - Lm kha in t ng m to ra xung trong qu trnh quay s kiu xung thp phn (pulse) Khi thoi

c tch hp trong 1 IC thoi c nhim v: o Khuch i m tn vo ra. o Cn bng sai ng chuyn i 2 dy/4 dy. o Mch kh trc m (kh ting ni t MIC lt vo tai nghe) o Mch lc nhiu v mch lc cao tn.

Hnh 3: Khi thoi Khi quay s:

Hnh 4: Bn phm in thoi c tch hp trong IC s c chc nng: o Gii m bn phm.

o Pht xung (quay s kiu xung thp phn). o Pht t hp cao tn (quay s kiu t hp cao tn).
-

Khi nhc my tng tr ng dy gim, tng i cung cp mc p l ~ 12V/30mA Cc loi tn hiu xut hin khi nhc my: o Tn hiu mi quay s : 350->440Hz lin tc. o Tn hiu bo bn: 480->620Hz: 0,5s ON ; 0,5s OFF. o Tn hiu hi chung: 440->480Hz: 1s ON; 3s OFF.

Khi chung

Hnh 5: Tn hiu chung Xung chung c dng hnh sine, tn s 25 Hz v xut hin theo chu k 6s: 2s ON v 4s OFF

Hnh 6: S khi mch chung in thoi

Bnh thng ng nghe c gc trn my s tc ng ln Hook-SW lm cch li mch in thoi ra khi ng dy, lc ny ch c mch chung c ni ng TIP, RING. Khi cha c xung chung, do c t cch ly => mch chung khng c cp ngun => khng to ra m thanh loa.Khi c xung chung: dng AC c chnh lu lc v n p to in p khon 28V cp cho IC chung => m thanh loa.

Hnh 7: S nguyn l ca khi chung IC chung ML8205: o Chn 2: thay i m lng. o Chn 3,4: to dao ng tn thp. o Chn 6,7: to dao ng tn cao.

S nguyn l ca mch my in thoi c nh:

Hnh 8: S nguyn l my in thoi c nh 2. NGUYN L HOT NG CA MY IN THOI C NH phn tch hot ng ca my in thoi c nh ta c th chia lm 3 ch : - Ch ch (t hp t) - Ch chung (c tn hiu chung) - Ch hot ng (t hp nhc) a. T hp t (ch ch) Ngun cp t tng i ti my 47 -> 53V DC, vi tng i t nhn th ngun cp ny l 25 -> 30V DC. ch ch, chuyn mch Hook lm ngn mch quay s v m thoi, mch thu chung c ni.

Do ngun cp ca tng i l ngun 1 chiu nn b t C1 ngn li, khi thu chung cha hot ng cho ti khi c tn hiu chung (xoay chiu) t tng i gi ti. b. Ch chung (khi c tn hiu chung) Khi my khc gi n, tng i gi tn hiu 75V 25HZ n (gi 2s ngt 4s). Ngun cp t tng i sau khi i qua khi chng qu p c i qua mch tr khng cao (gm in tr R1 v t C1), mch ny c tc dng lc chung (h p in p chung) n 35 40V, c i qua chnh lu v cp cho IC chung lm IC chung hot ng IC chung gm 8 chn, ngun t tng i c cp cho chn 1, chn 8 ni ra loa pht chung (c qua chuyn mch gm ba in tr R6, R7, R8 iu chnh m lng). Cc chn 2, 3, 6, 7 c ni vi mch R, C c tc dng iu chnh m sc chung. c. Ch hot ng (t hp nhc) Khi ta nhc ng nghe ln, chuyn mch Hook ngn mch khi chung v ni 2 u dy vi khi quay s v m thoi. Ngun cp t tng i qua khi chnh lu cu v khi chung o cc v chng qu p ti chn B ca Transistor Q1 lm transistor ny m, lm chn C ni vi chn s 9 ca IC phm n mc thp iu khin cho IC ny hot ng. Khi ta n phm bm, IC ny s pht xung (vi quay s kiu xung) chn s 10 hoc t hp a tn (quay s kiu t hp a tn) chn 11 gi ti IC thoi v tng i. Quay s kiu xung (PULSE) Khi chuyn mch P-T t P, th chn s 4 ca IC phm s mc cao (xc lp quay s kiu xung). Nu ta bm phm, IC phm s iu khin pht mt dy xung thp phn tng ng chn s 10. Tn hiu xung ny c gi ti tng i v ti IC thoi (to ting ku khi ta bm phm) thng qua khi kha in t. Qu trnh gi tn hiu xung l qu trnh ng m cc transistor trong khi kha in t c dng nh sau (minh ha cho trng hp n phm 2) Quay s kiu t hp a tn (TONE) Khi chuyn mch P-T t T, chn s 4 ca IC phm s mc thp (xc lp quay s kiu t hp a tn). Nu ta bm bn phm, IC phm s iu khin pht chn s 11 t hp 2 tn hiu m tn (c mt tn s cao, c mt tn s thp). T hp tn hiu m tn ny c gi ti chn s 7 ca IC thoi (to ting ku khi ta bm phm) v tng i. Tn hiu quay s c a v tng i v tng i gi tn hiu chung n s my ta cn lin lc. Nu my kia bn, tng i gi v tn hiu bo bn. Nu u kia nhc my, qu trnh m thoi in ra. Qu trnh m thoi:

Khi ta ni, tn hiu t mic c gi ti chn 11 v chn 12 ca IC thoi, tn hiu thoi ra chn s 1 ca IC thoi qua khi kha in t c gi ln tng i. Tn hiu thoi t u dy bn kia c gi t tng i, qua khi kha in t c a vo IC thoi chn s 9, qua IC thoi c gi ra ng nghe ti chn s 14 v 15. III. MCH GIAO TIP THU BAO 1. S nguyn l mch giao tip thu bao:

Hnh 9. Mch giao tip thu bao 2. Phn tch nguyn l hot ng ca mch giao tip thu bao Cc linh kin, gi tr linh kin s dng trong mch giao tip thu bao: in tr R1 = 10K R2 = 100 R3 = 47 R4 = 47K R5= 10K R6 = 100 Transistor Q1=TIP41C Q2=Q3= C935 Diode Rle D1=D2=D7=D8= Ls1=Rle 1N4007 D3, D4: diode zenner (3.9V) D5 D9 = led T C1=47F C2= 22F C3= 220F

R7 = 10K R8 = R9 = 5 R10 = 470 Chc nng ca cc linh kin trong mch GTTB (Phn tch theo tng khi chc nng) - Khi ngun: (B) gm R1: in tr phn p vo chn B ca Q1 C1: lc ngun v dn xoay chiu. Q1: To ra in p cp cho mch. D3: n p dng in 3.9V t vo chn B ca Q1. R2: in tr n nh nhit. D1: chng in p ngc cho Q1. - Khi bo v qu p (O): bao gm D4, D5: khi c in p co t ng dy thu bao i vo mch th khi 2 diode ny s thng ngt mch xung t bo v ton mch. - Khi gim st (S): bao gm R5, R10, D9, Q2, R6. C3, D7 R10: hn ch dng R9. D9: ch th trng thi lm vic ca my in thoi. Q2: c tc dng nh 1 kha in tr. R6: phn p cp vo chn B v C ca Q2. C3: lc ngun v dn xoay chiu. D7: chng in p ngc t vo B v ca Q2. Khi thu bao nhc t hp th s c dng chy: t +30V qua CE ca Q1 qua R2 qua chuyn mch LS (3 ni 4) qua R8, qua thu bao, qua R9, qua R6, xung t. Khi Q2 c cp ngun s thng th n led s sang, bo hiu thu bao ang lm vic. - Khi chung: bao gm R7, Q3, D8 R7: hn ch dng cho Q3. Q3: tc dng nh kha in t. D8: chng in p ngc t vo Q3. Khi c tn hiu chung t tng i a ti qua R7 t vo B ca Q3, lm Q3 thng khi cun dy 1 2 s c cp ngun, n s ht tip im 3 ni 5 ca LS1. Khi in p 25HZ 75V qua R3, LS1 (3 ni 5), qua R8 ti thu bao v bo hiu c cuc gi ti.

IV. Mch gii m DTMF: 1. S nguyn l mch DTMF:

2. Phn tch nguyn l: Khi in thoi c quay s, khi quay s s gi xung ti tng i. tng i c mch gii m xc nh nhng phm s c nhn. Mch trn chnh l mch gii m cc tn hiu . Kt qu gii m nh sau: