M T S I U CH NH TRONG THI T K K T C U B TNG C T THP B NG PH N M M SAP2000 PH H P V I TIU CHU N VI T NAM

APPLICATIONS OF THE DESIGN STANDARD OF VIETNAM FOR DESIGNING THE REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE BY THE SAP2000 SOFTWARE

NGUY N TH C V Tr ng i h c Bch khoa, i h c N ng

TM T T Nhi u nm qua, ph n m m phn tch - thi t k k t c u SAP c a cng ty CSI (Computers and Structures Inc, M ) t version u tin nm 1970 n version SAP2000 hi n nay, kh ng nh c tnh chnh xc v tnh u vi t. Vi t Nam, ph n m m SAP2000 c s d ng r ng ri nh nh ng tnh nng cao c p v giao di n ho r rng. Tuy nhin, v l ph n m m do n c ngoi l p trnh d a trn tiu chu n thi t k c a m t s n c phng Ty, nn tr c nay ta khng s d ng n tnh nng thi t k c a SAP2000 m ch s d ng tnh nng phn tch, sau xu t k t qu n i l c a vo cc chng trnh thi t k ring bi t, i u ny m t nhi u th i gian v d c nh ng sai st. Bi bo trnh by m t php chuy n i tnh nng thi t k k t c u b tng c t thp c a SAP2000 c p d ng tnh ton theo tiu chu n Vi t Nam. ABSTRACT In recent years, designing and analyzing structures using SAP2000 software of CSI (Computers and Structures, Inc) have recorded in noticeable achievements. However, this software is commonly used in Vietnam with force-displacement diagrams only, because of the next design steps applied by the formatting programs of foreign. In this paper, the real functions of reinforced concrete with the design standard of Vietnam are introduced for facilities in designs.

1. C s l thuy t So snh tiu chu n thi t k k t c u b tng c t thp c a Vi t Nam v cc tiu chu n c a n c ngoi c s d ng trong ph n m m SAP2000, d dng nh n th y tiu chu n CSA-A23.3-94 (CSA 1994) c nhi u i m tng ng v i tiu chu n Vi t Nam, bi bo ny s tm t t tiu chu n CSA 1994, t tm ra s th ng nh t c a hai tiu chu n b ng vi c thay i cc tham s tnh ton. 1.1. Thi t k d m D m c tnh ton theo c u ki n ch u u n, ch u tc d ng c a moment M: 2.M - Chi u cao vng nn: a = d d 2 (1.1) 1. f c '.c .b v i:

c = 0, 6 ;

1 = 0,85 0, 0015. f c ' (h n v N-mm-s)

d: chi u cao lm vi c c a ti t di n. b: b r ng c a ti t di n. f c ' : c ng ch u nn c a b tng. - Chi u cao cn b ng c a vng nn ab = 1.cb 700 v i: cb = ; f y : c ng ch u ko c a c t thp. 700 + f y - Tr ng h p a ab : tnh c t n
v i: As = M a s . f y .(d ) 2 (1.2)

s = 0,85

ab ) 2 As ' = - Tr ng h p a > ab : tnh c t kp ( s . f s ' c .1. f c ').(d d ') ab c .1. f c '.b.ab M c .1. f c '.b.ab .(d 2 ) As = + s . f y s . f y .(d d ') M c .1. f c '.b.ab .(d

(1.3)

(1.4)

1.2. Thi t k c t C t c tnh ton theo c u ki n ch u nn l ch tm (nn - u n hai phng): Cm - H s tng moment do u n d c: b = 1, 0 (1.5) P 1 m .Pc
v i:

m = 0, 75 ;
EI = 0, 25.Ec I g ;

Pc =

2 .EI
(kL)2

(1.6)

- V bi u tng tc P-M d a vo s

Ma 0, 4 Mb ng su t c a ti t di n Cm = 0, 6 + 0, 4.

Hnh 1. S

ng su t trong ti t di n c t

Hnh 2. Bi u tng tc P-M

Bi u tng tc c v v i cc gi tr hm l ng c t thp gi thi t t 1% n 6% v d a vo cch b tr c t thp trong ti t di n c t. - Tnh ton l ng c t thp c n thi t, tng ng v i m t tng tc c ch a i m thi t k . 1.3. So snh v i tiu chu n Vi t Nam - Cng th c (1.1) tng t cng th c xc nh h0 n u thay 1. f c '.c b ng Rn. - Cng th c (1.2), (1.3), (1.4) tng t cc cng th c xc nh di n tch c t thp Fa v F'a n u thay s . f y b ng Ra. T ta rt ra c cc gi tr c ng b tng v c t thp f c ' , f y tng ng v i gi tr c ng b tng v c t thp theo tiu chu n Vi t Nam nh sau: B ng 1. Gi tr f c ' tng ng v i mc b tng theo TCVN Mc B tng Rn (kg/cm ) f'c (kg/cm2)
2

150 65

200 90

250 110

300 130

350 155

400 170

500 215

600 250

130.39 182.22 224.40 267.26 321.85 355.16 457.85 540.81

B ng 2. Gi tr f y tng ng v i lo i c t thp theo TCVN Lo i thp Ra (kg/cm2) fy (kg/cm2) AI 2100 2470.59 AII 2700 3176.47 AIII 3600 4235.29 CI 2000 2352.94 CII 2600 3058.82 CIII 3400 4000.00

- Cng th c (1.5) tng t cng th c xc nh n u thay m .Pc b ng Nth v cho Cm = 1 . T ta tm c h s k trong cng th c (1.6) tu thu c vo mc b tng v hm l ng c t thp gi thi t trong ti t di n c t nh sau: B ng 3: Gi tr k tng ng v i mc b tng v hm l ng c t thp Mc b tng 150 Hm l ng gt 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0% 0.73 0.64 0.58 0.54 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.75 0.67 0.61 0.56 0.53 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.77 0.69 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.46 0.43 0.42 0.79 0.71 0.65 0.60 0.57 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.80 0.72 0.66 0.62 0.58 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.81 0.73 0.68 0.63 0.59 0.56 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.46 0.82 0.75 0.69 0.65 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.83 0.76 0.71 0.66 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48 200 250 300 350 400 500 600

2. Thi t k k t c u b tng c t thp b ng SAP2000 theo TCVN Nh p s li u cho SAP2000 phn tch v thi t k k t c u b tng c t thp theo TCVN ta c n lu m t s i m sau: - Khai bo v t li u (Define Material): nh p gi tr f'c v fy theo b ng 1 v b ng 2 tu theo mc b tng v lo i c t thp c s d ng trong h . - Khai bo ti t di n (Define Frame Section) chia lm hai lo i: + Ti t di n d m (Element Class: Beam): khai bo chi u dy a. + Ti t di n c t (Element Class: Column): khai bo a, cch b tr c t thp. - Khai bo t h p t i tr ng (Define Load Combination): theo TCVN, ch n cc t h p thch h p thi t k k t c u b tng c t thp (ch n Use for concrete design). - Ch n tiu chu n thi t k (Option Preference Concrete) l CSA-A23.3-94. - Sau khi phn tch (Analyze Run) v thi t k (Design Start design) c n ch n cc thanh ng trong h khai bo l i h s k (Design Redefine), gi tr h s k c l y theo b ng 3 (nn ch n gt = 1,5%), khai bo h s Cm = 1. Ch y l i chng trnh thi t k (Design Start design) l n n a.

3. V d tnh ton, ki m tra

1T 0,8T/m 6T 2,4T/m 4T 2,4T/m 0,8T/m 7T 1,6T/m 3T 1T

0,8T

T/m 3T 3,2T 1,1

T/m 1,1

4T

T T 0,7T/m 2,4 0,8

3,6m

5T

2,4T/m 4T

2,4T/m

7T 1,6T/m

2T

T T/m 3 2,4T 1,1

T/m 1,1

4T 0,7T/m 1,6T

3,6m

5T

2,4T/m 4T

2,4T/m

7T 1,6T/m

2T

T/m 3T 2,4T 1,1

T/m 1,1

4T 0,7T/m 1,6T

1m

3,6m

3,6m

2,4m

1m

1m

3,6m

3,6m

2,4m

1m
0,64
T

0,64T 0,36T/m 0,27T/m

0,48T
3,6m

0,48

0,27T/m

0,36T/m

3,6m

0,32T/m

0,24T/m

0,24T/m

0,32T/m

3,9m

0,28T/m

0,21T/m

0,21T/m

0,28T/m

Gi bn tri
0,9m

Gi bn ph i
2,4m
3,6m 3,6m 2,4m
0,9m

1m

3,6m

3,6m

1m

1m

1m

Hnh 3. S tnh v t i tr ng tc d ng c a h khung H khung b ng b tng M.250#, c t thp lo i AII, c kch th c ti t di n v ch u t i tr ng tc d ng nh hnh 3. V i s li u c a h , ta khai bo v t li u c fc' = 224,4 kg/cm2; fy = 3176,47kg/cm2. Gi thi t hm l ng c t thp gt = 1,5%, ta c gi tr h s k = 0,69. K t qu tnh c t thp c a SAP2000 nh sau: (so snh v i k t qu tnh b ng FBTW)

3,9m

3,6m

3,6m

0,9m

0,9m

Tnh t i

3,9m

Ho t t i ng

3,9m

3,6m

3,6m

Hnh 4a

Hnh 4b

Hnh 4. K t qu b tr c t thp khung tnh b ng SAP2000(4a) v FBTW(4b)

4. K t lu n Qua v d i n hnh trn (v r t nhi u v d khc, k c h khung khng gian, m khng th trnh by h t do khun kh bi vi t c h n), tc gi nh n th y r ng vi c tnh ton thi t k k t c u b tng c t thp b ng cch khai thc ph n m m SAP2000 nh trnh by trn cho k t qu trong d m r t chnh xc (100%), cn trong c t th sai s m c d i 5% - m t m c sai s c th ch p nh n c trong th c t tnh ton cc cng trnh xy d ng ph bi n. Vi c p d ng cc h s tnh ton cng tng i n gi n d th c hi n, v nh v y ta c th khai thc y tnh nng c a m t trong nh ng ph n m m tnh k t c u u vi t nh t trn th gi i hi n nay. Bi vi t ny l k t qu c a b c u nghin c u v v n ny, tc gi mong nh n c nhi u s ng gp t cc nh chuyn mn k t qu c chnh xc cao hn.

TI LI U THAM KH O
[1] [2] [3] [4] Ng Th Phong, K t c u B tng c t thp, Nh xu t b n Khoa h c v K thu t, 1995. Arthur H.Nilson, Design of Concrete Structures, The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, 1997. Nguy n Vi t Trung, Thi t k k t c u B tng c t thp hi n i, Nh xu t b n Giao thng V n t i, 2000. Computers and Structures Inc, SAP2000 Concrete Design manual, 2000.