SVTH: Bi Nht Long MSSV: 08094091 Nhm 2, t 4 GVHD: Th.

.S ng Th Bch Hng BO CO THC HNH MN: K THUT X L NC THI Bi : X l nc thi bng Aerotank I. GII THIU CHUNG 1. Mc ch th nghim
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Nghin cu hiu qu x l bng phng php bn hot tnh

- Kho st s tiu th oxy - Xc nh cc thng s ng hc pH, DO,COD,SS 2. C s l thuyt Qu trnh oxy ha sinh hc hiu kh l qu trnh x l sinh hc nh s hot ng ca vi sinh vt trong iu kin cung cp y oxy. Hai hin tng c bn xy ra trong qu trnh oxy ha sinh hc l: Vi sinh vt x dng oxy to nng lng cho qu trnh
Tng hp t bo

Duy tr hot ng sng ca t bo, di ng, tip hp. Sinh trng, sinh sn, tch ly cht dinh dng, bi tit sn phm. Ngoi ra, cn c qu trnh t phn hy cc thnh phn trong c th ca th vi sinh vt km theo s gii phng nng lng. Cc qu trnh oxy ha phn hy km theo s gii phng nng lng cn thit cho hot ng sng cn c gi l qu trnh trao i nng lng. t bo cc vi sinh vt, s lng cht d tr thng rt nh, v th chng phi s dng ch yu cc cht hp thu t mi trng xung quanh. C ch phn ng c trnh by theo 2 phng trnh sau: Tng hp: 6C6H12O6 + 4NH3 + 16O2 -> 4C5H7NO2 + 16CO2 + 28H2O H hp hoc oxy ha ni bo: 4C5H7NO2 + 20O2 -> 20CO2 + 4NH3 + 8 H2O.

C ch ca qu trnh kh BOD Hiu qu kh BOD ph thuc vo thnh phn v tnh cht ca nc thi, c ch ca qu trnh bao gm: - Kh cc cht keo bng qu trnh hp ph sinh ha trn b mt bng bn. - Loi cht l lng kt bm trn bng bn nh qu trnh lng trng lc - Chuyn ha cc hp cht hu c thnh nng lng d tr v sinh khi t bo. Qu trnh kh BOD c thc hin ngay lp tc khi c tng tc gia bn v nc thi. Tc tng trng ca t bo vi sinh vt c th c biu din theo cng thc: Ti pha log:

R1 =
Vi: X: nng bn hot tnh K: tc tng trng ca bn t: thi gian thi kh R1: tc tng trng ca vi khun

dX = dX dt

Trong trng hp nui cy theo m, p dng theo phng trnh Monod, ta c:

=
Vi:

mS K+S

: tc tng trng ring

m : tc tng trng ring cc i

S: nng c cht ca nc thi K: Hng s bn tc . Do trong qu trnh x l 1 phn cc cht hu c c oxy ha chuyn thnh t bo mi, mt phn li c oxy ha thnh cc cht hu c v cc cht v c n nh, v vy,c th thit lp mi quan h gia tc tng trng v lng c cht s dng. Cc thng s Y, k, m , k, Ks c xc nh theo 2 phng trnh sau:
K 1 1 X = = s+ U S 0 S k k r 1 = Y SU k d= YU K d t X

Trong :

X: hm lng bn hot tnh trong b Aerotank, mg/l

t : thi gian lu bn, ngy

S0: hm lng BOD u vo, mg/l S: hm lng BOD u ra, mg/l

rS U : tc s dng c cht
Y: h s sn lng t bo
: thi gian lu nc, ngy

U: tc s dng BOD5 3. ngha mi trng: X l sinh hc nc thi thc cht l li dng s sng v hot ng ca cc vi sinh vt thc hin cc dng phn hy khc nhau. S phn hy cht hu c thng km theo s thot kh di tc dng ca cc enzim do vi khun tit ra. Nhim v ca cng trnh k thut x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc l to iu kin sng v hot ng tt nht cho cc vi sinh vt phn hy cc cht hu c c nhanh chng. II. M HNH TH NGHIM

III.

Tin hnh th nghim Chun b mu nc thi Nc thi = nc + bn Xc nh :pH, hm lng SS, COD nc thi

3.1.

chnh pH = 6-7 Thm cht dinh dng (men vi sinh)

III.2. Tin hnh th nghim

Mu

Cho mu vo b Aerotank

Sc kh

30 pht

60 pht

90 pht

120 pht

150 pht

Ly mu phn tch

Xc nh: pH, SS, COD

IV.Kt qu th nghim:

Thi gian ( pht) 0 30 60 90 120 150 V. Kt qu. Thi gian ( pht) COD (mgO2/l)

SS 0,143 0,148 0,218 0,199 0,158 0,159

VFAS chun (ml) 0,5 0,6 0,8 0,9 1 1,5

pH 7 5 5 5 6 6

Mu 480 0

30 448 6,67

60 384 20

90 350 27,08

120 320 33,33

150 160 66,67

Hiu qu x l COD (%)

Nhn xt: lc u (0 30 pht) lng COD x l c cha cao v VSV mi vo giai on thch nghi. Nhng sau lng COD c x l ng k. VI. Tr li cu hi 1.Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh x l sinh hc hiu kh trong b Aerotank:
Nhit nh hng rt ln n tc ca phn ng sinh ha trong qu trnh x l nc

thi. Nhit khng ch nh hng n hot ng chuyn ha ca vi sinh vt m cn tc ng ln n qu trnh hp th kh oxy vo nc thi v qu trnh lng cc bng cn cha cc vi sinh vt b lng 2. Vi sinh vt a nng th khong nhit thch hp l 55-65 0C, a lnh th 12-180C, a m 25-400C PH l mt yu t chnh trong s pht trin ca vi sinh vt. Phn ln vi khun khng th chu ng c PH > 9 hay PH < 4, thong thng PH ti u vi sinh vt pht trin l khong 6,5-7,5
Kim loi nng: cc kim loi nng nh Cu, Cr, Zn, Hg, Pb v cc anion nh CN -, tn ti

trong qu trnh phn hy s gy phn ng hoc l gi nguyn mt s ezim hoc l ph hy bn cht lm bin i tnh cht thm ca t bo vi sinhVi khun c s nhy cm khc nhau i vi cc cht c hi. Khi nng kim loi vt qu mc cho php th chnh bn than mt s cht chuyn ha tr thnh cht c ch ca hot ng vi sinh. Nhu cu oxy: khi ti trng khi lng nh s h hp ni bo mnh i hi lng oxy tiu th cao hn so vi lng oxy tiu th khi ti trng ln. S tiu th oxy sinh ra l do c s loi b cc cht nhim bn
Cht dinh dng cn thit c trong nc thi gip cho s tng hp v pht trin ca vi

sinh vt. Nhng cht dinh dng ch yu cn cho vi sinh vt l N, P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Na, Cl 2. Cc cch phn loi Aerotank Phn loi theo nguyn tc lm vic

 B Aerotank thng thng: p dng x l sinh ha nc thi vi cng sut ln

B Aerotank sc cha cao: p dng x l nc thi c nng nhim bn cao

BOD20 > 500 mg/l, ti trng trn bn vo khong 400-1000mg/g bn kh khng tro trong ngy B Aerotank oxy ha hon ton cn c gi l b aerotank ko di thi gian lm thong Phn loi theo s cng ngh B Aerotank mt bc B Aerotank nhiu bc

Phn theo cu trc dng chy: cn c vo phng php a bn hot tnh vo v ra khi b Aerotank B Aerotank y B Aerotank trn B Aerotank kt hp

Phn loi theo phng php lm thong Bng my bm kh nn Bng my khuy c hc Aerotank kt hp c 2 phng php trn p lc thp tc l khng dng bm kh nn m dng thng qut gi
3. Khi nc thi u vo c BOD5 = 800mgO2/l, COD =1000mgO2/l, NH3=200mg/l, P

tng = 150mg/l. x l nc ot loi B ch vi b aerotank ta nn chn b aerotank c sc cha cao v c lm thong bng my bm kh nn. Nc thi vi cc ch s nh trn thuc loi nc thi nhim bn nng, theo cch phn loi trn chn aerotank sc cha cao l thch hp nht. Nng BOD trong nc thi cao v vy nhu cu oxy oxy ho cht bn cao nn ta chn lm thong bng my bm khi nn.