Nhm 36 LP TP308.

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

CNG NGH SN XUT NECTA MNG CU

I.TNG QUAN
I.1. NECTA

Theo TCVN th Nectar qu c m t nh sau: Nectar qu l sn phm c cha hoc khng cha tht qu khng ln men nhng c th ln men, tiu dng trc tip, thu c bng cch trn ln nc qu v/hoc ton b phn qu n c v/ c nghin hoc ch t qu ti tt c c hoc khng c c, vi nc v ng hoc mt ong, c bo qun ch bng cc bin php vt l. Trong trng hp qu c hm lng ng cao, c th khng cn thm ng. T ta c th xc nh: Sn phm Nectar mng cu l nc qu c cha tht qu khng ln men s dng trc tip, thu c bng cch trn ln ton b phn qu n c (dch qu v bt ch) t qu trnh ch qu ti, khng c c , c b sung thm ng v cc thnh phn ph gia. Vi u im c v chua v mi thm mnh, ta chn nguyn liu chnh sn xut nectar mng cu l mng cu xim. Trn th trng c hai loi mng cu xim chnh: chua v ngt. Thc t ngun nguyn liu bao gm c hai loi ny nn nh sn xut cn iu chnh n nh cht lng sn phm theo yu cu. I.2. Mng cu xim: Tn: Soursop, Guanabana, Graviola Tn khoa hc: Annona muricata H: Annonaceae Ngun gc: Tropical America Ma v: quanh nm Nhit h hng: 4oC Hnh 2. Mng cu xim Trong hn 60 loi ca ging Annona, h Annonaceae, loi Annona muricata, mng cu xim (A. muricata L.) l loi c trng rng ri nht, qu ln v c bo qun, ch bin tt Mng cu xim c tn thng dng cc nc ni ting Php l guanabana; Salvador l guanaba; Guatemala l huanaba; Mexico l zopote de viejas, hay cabeza de negro, Venezuela l catoche hay catuche; Argentina l anona de puntitas hay anona de broquel; Bolivia l sinini; Brazil, araticum do grande, graviola, hay jaca do Para; khu vc Ty An , Ty chu Phi, ng Nam gi l corossol, grand corossol,
1

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

corossol epineux, hay cachiman epineux. Malaysia l durian belanda, durian maki; hay seri kaya belanda; Thi Lan l thu-rian-khack. Tn soursop cng c s dng rng ri. Mng cu xim c ngun gc vng nhit i chu M. C mt khp ni, c mc hoang v c trng, t cao ngang mc nc bin n 1150m khp ni vng Ty n , t nam Mexico n Peru, Braxin v Achentina. Colombia, ni mng cu c cht lng tt v sn lng cao, n l 1 trong 14 loi qu nhit i c Vin Latinoamericano de Mercadeo Agricola gii thiu pht trin gieo trng v tip th vi qui m ln. L mt trong nhng loi cy n qu u tin c mang t M n cc chu lc khc. Ngy nay pht trin rng ri vng nhit i, cn nhit i ca cc chu lc, t Trung Quc, ng Nam n Australia, cc o Thi Bnh Dng v nhng vng t m thp ca chu Phi. nhng ni a thch tri cy ngt nh vng Nam An , Guam th mng cu khng c ph bin lm. Vit Nam, mng cu xim trng ch yu cc tnh pha Nam, kh ph bin BSCL v mt phn Ty Nguyn (Gia Lai, Kontum), Min Bc ch trng th nghim, khng ph bin. Mng cu xim cho tri quanh nm nhng ma chnh l t thng 7 n thng 10. Qu hnh oval, thun di hoc hnh tri tim, thng c dng x, un cong vi nhiu kch c, khi lng do s pht trin khng u hay b su bnh. Qu c th di t 1530cm, rng khong 15cm, nng 0,5 2 kg, c qu ln n 5-6 kg, to nht trong cc loi mng cu. V mu xanh lc sm khi cn non v c mu xanh vng nht khi chn mm, v khng n c vi nhiu gai mm. Qu c cu trc phc hp gm nhiu qu nh ht n (mi) lin kt vi nhau. Lng mi mi c 1 ci gai mm cong nn c ngi gi l mng cu gai. Gai c th rng khi qu chn. C th cha t vi chc n vi trm ht, ht bt hnh oval, nhn en v rt cng. Ht cha 45% du khng kh mu vng c c tnh cao, v vy phi loi b ht trong qu trnh x l ch bin. Qu d rng ra khi cung khi chn. Phn tht qu mu trng c, mng nc, tht dai hn mng cu ta, c x, gm nhiu mi bao quanh li gia. Phn tht cha 80% nc, 1% protein, 18%cacbonhydrat. bo qun qu sau thu hoch trc khi em tiu th th ngy nay ngi ta c nhiu phng php c hiu qu: + Xng hi Dibrom etyl ( M khng chp nhn) + Chiu x bng tia gamma + X l bng nc nng + X l bng hi nc nng Thnh phn ho hc: Trn th trng c hai loi mng cu xim chnh: chua v ngt. Thc t ngun nguyn liu bao gm c hai loi ny nn nh sn xut cn iu chnh n nh cht lng sn phm theo yu cu. Sau y l bng thnh phn c trong 100g tht qu mng cu xim (loi chua): Bng1: Thnh phn c trong 100g tht qu mng cu xim
2

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

Nng lng m Protein Cht bo ng X Tro Ca P Fe Vitamin A (-carotene) Thiamine Riboflavin Niacin Ascorbic Acid Amino Acids: Tryptophan Methionine Lysine Mt s nhc im sau:

61,3-53,1 82,8g 1,00g 0,97g 14,63g 0,79g 0,6g 10,3 mg 27,7 mg 0,64 mg vt 0,11 mg 0,05 mg 1,28mg 29,6 mg 11 mg 7 mg 60 mg

+ Tri to, khng thun tin khi s dng, cha nhiu nc gy kh khn cho vic vn chuyn. + Tc chn kh nhanh, kh bo qun. + Lng ng kh thp, v chua, khng ph hp vi khu v ca ngi ng. Qu mng cu xim c th s dng nhm cc mc ch sau: c dng lm cc loi ung gii kht, . nh: o a s lm ung (gi l champola Braxin, carato Puerto Rico): ung nh, c th sc CO2 ( Gutemala), ln men ru ( ty n ), nc qu ng hp chn khng ( Philippin), lm kem, lm yoghurt, trn chung vi ru. Nhng loi ny thng t khi c mu trng sa bnh thng m c pha mu xanh hay hng lm tng s hp dn. o Cm qu c ng hp p lnh, phn cm cng dng lm nhn bnh, mt, xiro, o Indonexia, Philipin phn cm tht cn non s dng lm rau hay nu sp, Braxin cn c luc, chin v nng.
3

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

Ngi Vit Nam cn dng lm thuc tr bnh, qu xanh em phi kh, tn nh tr bnh kit l kinh nin, st rt, c th nu nc tr l ming, o Ht mng cu xim cha mt loi cht c: Alcaloid chim 0,05% ht. Trong alcaloid muricinine,C19H21O4N (des-N-methylisocorydine hoc des-N-methylcorydine) v alcaloid muricinine, C18H19O4 (des-Nmethylcorytuberine) c ngi n lm thuc st trng.Ngi ta cn em ht tn nh ly nc gi u tr ch, rn. o L cha tinh du mi kh d chu, mt lng kh cao cc cht clorua, kali, tanin, alcaloid hm lng thp v mt cht nha.l non c th dng lm gia v, nu hm ung nh tr vo bui ti s lm du thn kinh.L cn c dng lm thuc cha st, tiu chy, trc giun. o V cy ca nhng cy mng cu cha ra tri c dng lm cht thuc da. Cng nh r v ht, v cy c cha alcaloid, c th lm cht c. I.3 Mt s sn phm ch bin t mng cu xim: Cc sn phm ch bin t mng cu c trn th trng:

Jam mng cu

Nc mng cu da

Nc mng cu

Nc mng cu

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

Nectar mng cu

Mng cu ngm ng Hnh 6. Mt s sn phm t mng cu xim

II. NGUYN LIU:

1. Nguyn liu chnh -Mng cu

Mng cu xim a vo ch bin nectar mng cu phi ti, chn; khng h hng, su bnh. Nhng qu h hng t th cng c th x l ch bin. 2. Nguyn liu ph: ng: s dng ng trng, l ng saccharose c tinh ch v kt tinh. Cc ch tiu ca ng trng: Bng 2. Cc ch tiu ca ng trng (TCVN-6995:2001 v ng trng) Ch tiu ng ct trng hng I Hm lng saccharose, % CK 99,62 0,07 m, %KL Hm lng ng kh, %KL 0,10 0,07 Hm lng tro, % KL 0 2,5 mu, ST Hnh dng Tinh th ng u ti kh, khng vn cc. Mi v Tinh th ng v dung dch ng trong nc ct c v ngt, khng c mi l. Mu sc Trng
5

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

Ch tiu cm quan vi sinh: s ng nht v kch thc ht. 2.2. Acid Citric (E330) : Cng thc cu to: HOOC-CH2-C(OH)(COOH)-CH2-COOH Tnh cht: C hu ht trong cc loi qu, c bit trong qu citrus nn cn gi l acid chua, v chua thanh, d chu, nu s dng nng cao s gy v cht. T l s dng trong khong 1%. Dng kt tinh khan hoc vi mt phn t nc, khng mu, khng mi. Loi khan phi cha khng t hn 99,5% C6H8O7, 1g tan trong 0,5 mL nc hoc trong 2mL ethanol. Ta s dng acid citric di dng ngm mt phn t nc. Bng 3. Cc ch tiu ca acid citric Acid citric anhydrus Ch tiu Tn ch tiu Yu cu Cm quan Dng bn ngoi, mu Tinh th khng mu hay bt trng, khng sc. vn cc. Dung dch trong nc ct 20g/L phi trong sut V. Chua, khng c v l. Mi. Dung dch 20g/L phi khng c mi. Cu trc. Ri v kh. Tp cht c hc. Khng c c. Ho hc A.citric monohydrat > 99,5 (C5H8O7.H2O),% Tro, % < 0,1 (thng hng) 0,3 ( hng 1) H2SO4 t do, % < 0,01 (thng hng) 0,03 (hng 1) As, % < 0,00007 . Acid Ascorbic(E300): Vitamin C l mt trong nhng vitamin rt cn thit cho c th, ng thi cng l mt cht chng oxy ho tt. Trong dch qu, vitamin C c th b oxy ho gin tip bi enzym phenoloxydaza. Chnh v vy khi c mt vitamin C, dch qu s sm mu chm hn do qu trnh ngng t cc hp cht quinol. (E300) Polyphenol + O2 -> Quinol + H2O Quinol + acid ascorbic -> Polyphenol + acid dehydroascorbic Trong sn xut nectar mng cu ta b sung Vitamin C b li phn mt i trong qu trnh ch bin ng thi gip bo v mu sng ca dch qu, qu trnh sm mu s chm hn.
6

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

Vitamin C tn ti trong t nhin di 3 dng ph bin l acid ascorbic, acid dehydroascorbic v dng lin kt ascorbigen (chim 70% tng hm lng vitamin C).Vitamin C c s dng trong sn xut nc qu dng acid ascorbic, tinh th trng, v chua, khng mi. Trong 100ml nc qu nu cha khong 1mg acid ascorbic th nc q c th ngoi khong kh trong 30 pht m khng b bin mu. Lng vitamin C cho vo khi phi ch cn c ch cc men xc tc phn ng bin mu v cn d khong 100mg/l nc qu. Nu d qu sn phm s c v chua gt v hc. 2.4 . CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) (E466):
Mng cu CMC c s dng trong thc phm nh mt cht nh ho v n nh; l mt hp cht cao phn t c th ho tan trong nc, c tc dng l mt cht to gel, lm bn nh CaOCl kh nng tng, tng.Ca(OH)2.3 gi nc, tng kh nng kt dnh, lm c sn phm

Trong sn phm nectar mng cu ta s dng CMC nhm lm tng nht cho sn phm, chng tch pha (hn ch s lng ca nc qu).
Chn

H2O

Hin nay c rt nhiu sn phm lm tng nht nh: Gum Arabic, Gum Spray, Agar, Gelatin, CMC, y ta chn Bc v CMC v tnh ph bin ca n trong cc sn phm nc qu.

B +Acid l cht c dng bt hoc dng x mu trng khng Ch CMC mi, citric;acid khng v, khng c hi. CMC c kh nng ho tan trong nc lnh hay nc m. ascorbic,CMC Phn t CMC c th gia tng trng lng bn thn bng cch hp th m trong khng kh. +ng(syry Phi ch Do vy khi lng ring xp ca CMC kh dao ng t 0,4 -0,8 g/ml, ng thi CMC d p) b kt+Nc b to nn cc phn t rt kh phn tn trong dung dch nc. t ni ng ho Chai nha, Thnh phn hng mng cu gm c: Methyl Rt hp esters of C-4,6,8 acid , ethyl Bi kh thu (eneoaste esters), methyl caproate, methyl-2-hexenoate. tinh III. QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT NECTA MNG CU: Thanh trng Bi kh III.1 S cng ngh sn xut necta mng cu: Hp giy v trng Rt hp Lm ngui Bo n Ghp np Thanh trng Lm ngui 7 Np

2.5 . Hng mng cu nhn to:

Sn phm

Sn phm

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

III.2 Thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh: [1], [2] III.2.1 La chn, phn loi: Mc ch: + Loi tr nhng qu khng tiu chun a vo sn xut nh thi nhn, su bnh, men mc + Loi tr cc tp cht nh si, rm r, trc khi ra. + Tn dng nhng qu hng mt phn m khng nh hng n cht lng ca phn cn li. Trong khi thu hoch, vn chuyn v bo qun qu c th b xy xt, dp nt, su, thi ra lm h hng, gim cht lng v d b vi sinh vt xm nhp, pht trin. Nhng vi sinh vt ny c th nhim vo sn phm gy kh khn cho qu trnh thanh trng sau ny.V vy trc khi ch bin phi loi b nhng qu thi ra, h hng nhiu, vi nhng qu ch h mt phn th c th ct b phn hng, gi li phn cha hng.Nu bit chc phn hng ch mi xut hin cha nh hng nhiu n cht lng th c th khng cn loi b. Ta chn chn th cng theo kinh nghim truyn thng ca ngi chn nh
8

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

v mu vng xanh, n tay vo thy mm, c mi thm.Nhng qu cha chn c lu li cho n khi t n chn cn thit. Qu c th c la chn, phn loi bng tay ngay trn bng ti con ln c kh nng lt mi pha ca qu ngi chn quan st, pht hin h hng v loi qu ra khi bng chuyn. Bng ti c vn tc 0,12 0,15 m/s, chiu rng bng ti khng ln qu, nu b tr lm vic hai bn th rng 60 80 cm l va. III.2.2. Ngm ra: Ra sau khi phn loi nhm loi b bi, t ct, rm rc dnh trn qu, nh loi c phn ln lng vi sinh vt bm ngoi v nguyn liu. Yu cu c bn ca qu trnh ra: nguyn liu sau khi ra phi sch, khng b dp nt, thi gian ra ngn v tn t nc. Nc ra phi m bo cc ch tiu v sinh do B Y t qui nh v cng. Ni chung cng ca nc ra khng qu 2mgE/l. Ta st trng bng clorua vi (3CaOCl2.Ca(OH)2.3H2O). T l l thuyt ca clo trong vi clorua theo cng thc trn l 42%, nhng thc t ch t c khng qu 35%. Nng clo c tc dng st trng trong nc l 100mg/l nn nu dng vi clorua cn tt th cn phi pha theo nng 0,03%. Theo quy m cng nghip th qu trnh ra gm hai giai on: ngm v ra xi. u tin qu s c a vo bn ngm sau c bng chuyn chuyn vo h thng xi ti ca my ngm ra xi ti. Ngm lm cho nc thm t nguyn liu, lm cht bn mm, bong ra. Qu mng cu c bn khng nhiu nn ta ch cn ngm trong khong vi pht. Ra xi l dng tc dng chy ca dng nc ko cht bn cn li trn mt nguyn liu sau khi ngm. Thng dng tia nc phun (p = 2 3at) hay vi hoa sen xi. Nc ra li phi l nc sch, lng Cl2 cn li trong nc trng l 3 -5 mg/l.

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

Hnh 7. My ngm ra xi ti. III.2.3. Chn: Mc ch qu trnh chn: + nh ch qu trnh sinh ho ca nguyn liu, lm cho mu sc ca nguyn liu khng b xu i.Di tc dng ca men peroxydaza, polyphenoloxydaza trong qu thng xy ra cc qu trnh oxy ho cc cht cht, to thnh flobafen c mu en.Chn lm cho h thng men b ph hu nn khng b thm en. + Di tc dng ca nhit lm bin i mt s thnh phn nh protit trong cht nguyn sinh b ng t v v vy thm thu ca t bo tng ln lm dch bo thot ra ngoi d dng, protopectin b thu phn thnh pectin thun li cho qu trnh b v v qu trnh ch thu c tht qu sau ny. + ui bt cht kh trong gian bo ca nguyn liu nhm hn ch tc dng ca oxy gy ra nhng h hng nh oxy ho vitamin, phng hp + Tiu dit mt phn vi sinh vt, ch yu l nhng vi sinh vt bm trn b mt. Ta c th thc hin qu trnh chn trong thit b chn lin tc, nhit khong 75 100o C trong vng 2 3 pht.Thit b chn c mt bng ti t trong mt thng cha nc chn. Trong thit b chn, hi nc dng un nng trc tip nc chn hay gin tip (qua ng truyn nhit) dung dch chn.Bng ti di chuyn vi tc sao cho khi qua thit b nguyn liu c chn t yu cu. III.2.4. Bc v: Do c im ca qu mng cu xim, mm v hnh dng a dng, kch thc ca nguyn liu cng khc nhau nn y ta ch bc v bng tay.Tuy nhin vi qu mng cu xim th v qu c bc ra mt cch d dng.
10

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

III.2.5. Ch: Mc ch qu trnh ch: loi b phn x trong thnh phn qu cc phn t c kch thc ln l nguyn nhn lm cho sn phm b tch lp. Do qu trnh ch cng lm cho nguyn liu ng nht v trng thi v thnh phn qu trnh ch bin c thun li v nng cao cht lng cng nh gi tr cm quan ca sn phm. Qu trnh ch phn chia nguyn liu thnh hai phn: phn bt ch cha dch qu v tht qu mn sn xut nectar, tch b b ch v phn ht. Nguyn tc ca qu trnh ch l to ra cho nguyn liu mt lc c hc cn thit lm cho n vng ra ri p mnh vo mt ry c c l nh. Phn qua li ry l bt ch, phn cn li thi ra l b ch. Ta s dng my ch cnh p, gm hai b phn ch yu: + B phn ch gm c trc quay lm bng thp khng g, gn cc cnh p bng g c np cao su, hoc cnh p thp. Cnh p lp nghing so vi ng sinh ca trc quay mt gc 1 3o cnh ch va p va dch chuyn khi nguyn liu ra khi my, nguyn liu dch chuyn theo ng xon c v b ch c ung ra ngoi cui my. Vn tc ca trc quay khong 600 vng/pht. + Ry trn c nh bng thp khng g c c nhiu l nh c kch thc t 0,5 0,75 mm. Khong cch gia li ch v cnh p la 0,5 3 mm. Nng sut v hiu qu ch ph thuc khng ch vo kch tht l ch m cn vo tc , v tr, khong cch gia li ch v cnh p. Thit b ch lm vic tt khi b ra khi my khng cn vt ra nc. my ch hot ng tt phi a nguyn liu vo my lin tc v ng u, nhit nguyn liu c nh, v trng thi mt ry tt (t l l ry b tc thp).

11

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

Hnh 8. My ch cnh p 1. Mng xon ti nguyn liu; 2. phu nhn; 3. Bi cho; 4. cnh p; 5. Trc quay; 6. Mt ry; 7. Ca tho b. III.2.6. Phi ch: Nhm thu c sn phm Nectar mng cu c hng v, mu sc thch hp v c cn thit ta trn vo phn tht qu v dch qu thu c t qu trnh ch cc thnh phn khc nh nc, ng, acid thc phm, cht n nh, cht chng oxy ho ng thi cn t c hiu qu kinh t. Sn phm phi c hng thm r rt ca nguyn liu, v ngt chua thch hp. Sn phm thng c kh 15 20% v c acid tng ng vi acid ca nguyn liu
(0, 2 0, 5 %).

Cng thc phi trn nh sau: + T l tht qu 20 - 25% th sn phm c c va phi, nu tht qu nhiu lm cho nc qu qu c, gim gi tr cm quan v gim hiu qu kinh t, cn nu tht qu t lm cho sn phm qu long, gi tr dinh dng thp v km hng v. + Hm lng ng khong 10 - 15% v acid citric 0,06 0,15% l va sn phm c v ngt chua hi ho. ng b sung vo dng ho tan trong nc (syrup). + Hm lng CMC khong 0,08 0.012%. CMC c ho tan vi nc trc sau s cho vo.
12

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

+Hm lng vitamin C khong 0,01%, nu lng vitamin C nhiu gy mi v gt cho sn phm. + tng hng v cho sn phm ta cn b sung thm hnng mng cu nhn to. Thc hin qu trnh phi ch trong ni c cnh khuy vi nguyn tc lng nhiu cho vo trc, lng t cho vo sau. C th gia nhit nh qu trnh phi trn hiu qu hn. III.2.7. ng ho: L qu trnh x nh cc phn t tht qu. Kch thc cc phn t cng nh th trng thi nc qu cng n nh, trong qu trnh bo qun gim s phn lp, ng thi lm tng gi tr mi v, mn v tiu ho Ta thc hin qu trnh ng ho trong my ng ho s dng p sut cao. Nguyn tc ca my ng ho nh sau: dng p lc ln p sn phm qua mt khe rt hp. Trc khi qua khe h sn phm b p p sut 50 60 at.

Hnh 9. Cu to thit b ng ho III.2.8. Bi kh: Qu trnh bi kh nhm ui bt cht kh trong nc qu, cc kh c sn trong t bo rau qu hoc ho tan vo nc qu trong qu trnh ch bin. Trong dng sn phm ng hp tetra park, qu trnh bi kh nhm: + Hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt hiu kh. + To ra chn khng trong hp sau khi lm ngui nhm trnh s phng hp khi vn chuyn, bo qun cc iu kin khc nhau. + Hn ch qu trnh Oxy ha, gim hin tng sm mu. Cn trong dng sn phm ng hp kim loi hay chai nha, chai thu tinh, ngoi nhng mc ch ni trn qu trnh bi kh cn nhm: + Gim p sut trong hp khi thanh trng, trnh bin dng, bt np, nt mi hn.
13

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

+Hn ch hin tng n mn hp st. Thc hin: Trong dng sn phm ng hp tetra park ta phi bi kh trc khi ng hp. Ta c th kt hp thit b bi kh vi thit b thanh trng sau cho rt nng vo hp. Trong dng sn phm ng hp, ng chai ta thc hin bi kh sau khi rt sn phm. Ta c th cho sn phm sau khi rt hp chy qua mt bung kn c h thng ung nng bng hi.Trng hp ny ta bi kh nhit khong 80oC trong 3 pht. III.2.9. Thanh trng: L mt qu trnh quan trng, c tc dng quyt nh ti kh nng bo qun v cht lng ca sn phm. Mc nh ca qu trnh thanh trng l nh ch hot ng ca enzym v tiu dit vi sinh vt lm tng thi gian bo qun sn phm. Yu cu ca k thut thanh trng l va m bo tiu dit vi sinh vt c hi cn li t n mc khng th pht trin lm hng hp v lm hi sc kho ngi n, li va m bo cho hp c cht lng tt v gi tr cm quan v dinh dng. Nectar mng cu l loi sn phm c c pH di 4,5 do vi khun a nng khng nhng khng pht trin c m tnh chu nhit ca n cn gim i, nn b tiu dit d dng khi nng nhit. Ngoi ra, cc vi khun khc c nha bo hay khng c nha bo, cc nm men v nm mc tuy c th pht trin trong mi trng acid nhng hu ht li km chu nhit. Do ta ch cn thanh trng vi nhit t 80 100 oC. Thc hin: i vi dng sn phm rt hp tetra park ta thc hin qu trnh thanh trng trc khi rt hp trong thit b thanh trng bn mng kt hp vi bi kh. Nhit ca nc qu c nng ln khong 90 95oC trong khong 30 - 40s trong thit b. Trong thit b s c mt ng cho kh thot ra trong qu trnh thanh trng. i vi dng sn phm thanh trng sau khi ghp np c thc hin qu trnh thanh trng trong thit b thanh trng bng ti lin tc vi cng thc thanh trng: 6 10 20/100. Thit b thanh trng tunnel cho sn phm thanh trng sau khi ghp np:

14

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

Hnh 10. Thit b thanh trng kiu tunnel

Thit b hp thanh trng loi thng ng C thn hnh tr, y v np hnh chm cu, np c cc cht ghp cht vi thn thit b, di y c lp ng phun hi nng thanh trng. Bn trong thit b c gi t gi ng hp, c loi ch c 1 gi, loi 2 gi, loi 3 gi.

15

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

Thit b thanh trng bn mng y l loi thit b lm vic lin tc p sut hi nc cao hn p sut kh quyn. Cu to ca thit b nh cc khoang cha nc qu t xen k vi cc khoang cha cht ti nhit, v nc qu chy trong khoang kn ch bng mt lp mng, li c truyn nhit t 2 mt nn thi gian thanh trng rt nhanh. Thit b thanh trng bn mng dng thanh trng nc qu trc khi rt vo hp v phi rt hp trong iu kin v trng.

III.2.10. Rt hp: Sn phm nectar mng cu c th ng trong cc bao b khc nhau nh hp kim loi, chai nha, chai thu tinh, hp giy tetra park vi cc kch c khc nhau.Bao b cn c ra sch, v trng v rt sn phm ngay trnh b nhim li. Ta c th x l v trng bao b bng cch xt H2O2 dng kh sau xt kh nng ui ht H2O2 cn xt. i vi dng sn phm rt hp tetra park, sau khi bi kh thanh trng trong thit b bn mng s c rt nng vo bao b to ra chn khng cn thit trong bao b. i vi sn phm rt hp trc khi bi kh, ghp np th ta khng cn phi rt nng Nu sn phm rt vo hp kim loi th cao ca khong khng trong hp khng qu 2 3 mm. Nu sn phm rt vo chai khong khng c th cao hn. Ta s dng my rt cht lng theo phng php th tch. Nguyn l hot ng: My gm c thng cha cht lng (1), c mt hoc hai bnh ong (2). Bnh ong c th tch bng th tch ca hp. Trc rng (3) thng bnh ong vi van (4), di van l mm trn (5). Hp (6) t trn mm di (7). Vng m (9) gi cho cht lng khng r khi thng cha. Khi trc (8) i t di ln nh l xo (10) m bnh ong (2) cha y cht lng nng ln, lc van (4) s m ra cho cht lng t bnh ong chy vo hp.

16

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

3 2 9

Hnh 11. Nguyn l rt 2

17

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

Hnh . My rt III.2.11. Lm ngui: i vi sn phm rt hp giy sau khi thanh trng cng nh sn phm thanh trng sau khi rt hp th sn phm u nhit cao do ta cn phi lm ngui nhanh sn phm n nhit 35 45oC. Mc ch ca vic lm ngui nhanh l trnh to iu kin cho vi sinh vt pht trin li hin tng mt s bo t cn st li pht trin ti u khi nhit gim chm mc 60 70 OC (iu kin tt cho bo t ny mm v pht trin). i vi sn phm thanh trng sn phm trong bao b th ta lm ngui trong thit b thanh trng, thi gian lm ngui c qui nh trong cng thc thanh trng. i vi bao b l chai thu tinh ta cn ch trnh v. Cn i vi sn phm rt hp tetra park th ta c th lm ngui trong b lm ngui. Sau khi lm ngui, hp c ra sch bng nc nng hay dung dch xt long, lau hay sy kh ri chuyn n kho thnh phm bo qun. III.2.12. Bo n: Mc ch:
18

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

+ n nh cc thnh phn ca sn phm, t trng thi cn bng v hng v v mu sc. + Pht hin sm h hng, nh gi hiu qu thanh trng. Khi hp kh th xp sn phm vo ni qui nh kho bo n - theo tng l, tng ca, tng m sn xut. Sau 7-10 ngy v ma h hay 10-15 ngy v ma ng, sn phm c kim tra nhm loi b nhng hp khng tiu chun (phng h, mo m,..vi chai thy tinh thy cn c, phn lp). Sau tin hnh lau chi, dn nhn, bao gi v cui cng c xut xng IV. CC CH TIU CHT LNG: IV.1 Ch tiu ca nguyn liu(nh trn II) IV.2 Ch tiu sn phm: 1. Ch tiu ho l: Bng 4. Ch tiu ho l ca sn phm (Theo TCVN 6299:1997 v Nectar qu) Ch tiu Yu cu Hm lng cht kh(o bng khc x khng nh hn 20oBx k 20oC) Hm lng kim loi nng khng ln hn Sn 200ppm Pb 0.3ppm Zn 5ppm Cu 5ppm Asen 0.2ppm Fe 15ppm tng hm lng Cu, Fe, Zn 20ppm SO2 10ppm 2. Ch tiu vi sinh vt: Khi th theo phng php ly mu v k thut thch hp, sn phm phi: + Khng cha cc VSV c th pht trin trong qu trnh bo qun thng thng + Khng cha cc cht c ngun gc VSV mc c th nh hng xu ti sc kho. (Theo tiu chun 6299:1997) Bng 5. Ch tiu vi sinh vt ca sn phm (Theo tiu chun nc ung ng chai)
Vi sinh vt Tng s VK hiu kh Coliforms E.coli Gii hn cho php trong 1ml sn phm 100 10 0 19

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU S.aureus Streptococci P.aeruginosa Tng s t bo nm men, nm mc Cl.Perfringens 0 0 0 10 0

3. Ch tiu cm quan: Bng 6. Ch tiu cm quan ca sn phm (TCVN4042-85)

Ch tiu Trng thi Yu cu Th lng c mn ng nht. Cho php c khng ng k chm en do mnh ht ln vo. Nu lu tht qu c th lng xung bao b, song khi lng mnh th phi phn tn u, khng vn cc. Khng c tp cht l Mi trng sa C mi thm, v chua ngt t nhin ca mng cu xim chn pha ng, qua nhit, khng c mi v l.

Mu sc Mi v

4. Mc y ti thiu: Nectar phi chim khng di 90% v/v ca dung lng nc ca bao b.Dung lng nc ca bao b l th tch nc ct 20o C m bao b ghp kn cha ng khi c np y. (Theo TCVN 6299:1997) V. NG GI SN PHM Bng 6.1. Ch tiu cm quan ca sn phm t l phi ch theo bng 7
Ch tiu Trng thi Mu sc Mi v Ch tiu Trng thi Mu sc Mi v Yu cu

Bng 6.2. Ch tiu cm quan ca sn phm t l phi ch theo bng 7

Yu cu

20

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

VI. PH LC Bng t l cc nguyn liu: Bng 7: t l phi ch dch qu: nc (chai 250mg)
STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Nguyn liu Mng cu(nguynliu) Dch qu ng Nc Acid citirc Acid ascorbic CMC Nguyn liu Mng cu(nguynliu) Dch qu ng Nc Acid citirc Acid ascorbic CMC Khi lng T l % Cch tnh Ghi ch T l dch qu thu c Syrup

Bng 8: t l phi ch dch qu: nc (chai 250mg)

Khi lng T l % Cch tnh Ghi ch T l dch qu thu c Syrup

VII. MC LC
21

Nhm 36 LP TP308.4

GVHD: SN PHM: NECTA MNG CU

I. II.

TNG QUAN NGUYN LIU 1) Nguyn liu chnh 2) Nguyn liu ph III. QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT NECTA MNG CU 1) S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut nectar mng cu 2) Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh sn xut necta mng cu IV. CC CH TIU CHT LNG 1) Ch tiu ho l 2) Ch tiu vi sinh vt 3) Ch tiu cm quan V. NH GI SN PHM VI. PH LC VII. MC LC VIII. TI LIU THAM KHO

22