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- Vi iu kin (*) hm s c cc i , cc tiu .Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; ; ; A x y B x y
l hai im cc
i ,cc tiu ca hm s . Nu A,B cng vi O to thnh tam gic vung ti O th OA
vung gc vi OB : . 0 OAOB
uuur uuur
- Ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
; ; ; . 0 1 OA x y OB x y OAOB x x y y +
uuur uuur uuur uuur
- Bng php chia phng trnh hm s cho o hm ca n , ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
3 3 1 3 1 3 6 3 1 2 2 1
3 3
x
x x m x m x x m m x m
_
+ + + + + +
,
- Phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr : ( )
2 2
2 2 1 y m x m +
- Do :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 1 ; 2 2 1 . 4 4 1 4 1 y m x m y m x m y y m x x m x x m + + + + + +
- p dng Vi-t cho (1)
1 2
2
1 2
2
. 1
x x
x x m
+
'
, thay vo :
( ) ( ) ( )
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
1 2
4 1 2( 1) ( 1) 4 1 1 y y m m m m m m m
1
+ + + + +
]
- Vy : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 4 2 2 4
1 2 1 2
0 (1 ) 4 1 1 0 1 4 1 1 0 x x y y m m m m m m m
1
+ + + +
]
Hay : ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 4
2 4 2
1
1
1 0
1 3 4 4 0; *
3
6
4 4 3 0
2
2
m
m
m
m m m
m m m m
t t
+ + t
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
1
CHUYN : TIP TUYN VI TRC TA - CC TIM CN
Kt lun : Vi m tha mn (*) th hai im cc i , cc tiu ca hm s cng vi O to
thnh tam gic vung ti O .
V d 2.Cho hm s
( )
3 2
3 4 y x x C +
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
b. Gi d l ng thng i qua im A(-1;0) vi h s gc l k ( k thuc R). Tm k
ng thng d ct (C)ti ba im phn bit v hai giao im B,C ( B,C khc A ) cng vi
gc ta O to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 1.
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C)
b. ng thng d i qua A(-1;0) vi h s gc l k , c phng trnh l : y=k(x+1)=kx+k .
- Nu d ct (C) th :
( )
( )
3 2
3 4 1
2
x x kx k
y kx k
+ +
'
+
Vy
2
' 0
( ; ) 4 4 0 0 9(*)
( 1; ) 9 0
k
g x k x x k k k
g k k
>
+ >
'
+
- Vy theo gi thit :
2 3 3 3
3 2
1 1 1 1 1
. . 2 1 2 1
2 2 2 4 4
1
k
S h BC k k k k k k
k
+
+
p s :
3
1
4
k
, th tha mn yu cu ca bi ton .
V d 3.Cho hm s ( )
2
m
m x
y H
x
+
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (H) vi m=1
b. Tm m ng thng d : 2x+2y-1=0 ct
( )
m
H
ti hai im phn bit A,B sao cho tam
gic OAB c din tch bng 3/8 .
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (H).
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
2
CHUYN : TIP TUYN VI TRC TA - CC TIM CN
b. ng thng d vit li :
1
2
y x
. Nu d ct
( )
m
H
ti hai im A,B th ta A,B l
nghim ca h :
( )
( )
2
1
17
1 8 2 2 0
2 2
( ; ) 2 2 2 0 1 (*) 16
1 ( 2; ) 4 2 0
2
2
m x
x
m m
x
g x m x x m
g m m
m y x
> <
+
+ +
' ' '
+
- Gi
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
1 1
; ; ; ; 2
2 2
A x x B x x AB x x x x AB x x x x x x
_ _
+
, ,
uuur
- Khong cch t O n d l h , th :
2 2
1 1
2 2
2 2
h
+
- Theo gi thit :
2 1
1 1 1 1 1 17 16 3
. 2.
2 2 4 4 2 8 2 2
m
S AB h x x
a
Hay :
17
1 17 16 3 1
; 17 16 3 16
4 2 8 2
16 8
m m
m m
m
<
'
+
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
b. Tm nhng im M thuc (C) sao cho tip tuyn ti M ct hai tim cn ti A,B sao cho
vng trn ngoi tip tam gic IABc bn knh nh nht . Vi I l giao hai tim cn .
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C) .
b.Tip tuyn ca (C) ti
( )
0 0
; M y
l
( )
( )
0 2
0
0
1 1
: 2
2
2
d y x x
x
x
_
+
+
+
,
- d ct tim cn ng : x=-2 ti A
( )
( )
0 2
0 0
0
1 1 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
A
y x
x x
x
+
+ +
+
- d ct tim cn ng : y=2 ti B
( )
( )
0 0 2
0
0
1 1
2 2 2 2
2
2
B B
x x x x
x
x
+
+
+
- Nh vy :
( ) ( )
0
0
1
2; 2 ; 2 2; 2 ; 2; 2
2
A B x I
x
_
+
+
,
- Ta c :
( )
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
0; ; 2 4; 0 ; 2 4; ; . .2 2 1
2 2 2 2 2
IA IB x AB x S IAIB x
x x x
_ _
+ + +
+ + +
, ,
uur uur uuur
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
3
CHUYN : TIP TUYN VI TRC TA - CC TIM CN
Do :
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
0 0 2
2 0
0 2
0
0
1
2 2 4 2
2
. . . . 1 1 1
1 2 4 2 . 1
4 4 2 4 2
2
x x
x
IAIB AB IA IB AB
S R x
R x
x
+ + +
+
+
+
+
Du bng xy ra khi :
( )
( )
( )
0 0
2 4
0 0 0 2
0
0 0
1
2 2 2
1 1 1 2
4 2 ; 2 ; 2
1 4 2 2
2 2 2
2
x y
x x x
x
x y
+ + +
+
+
+
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) vi m=1
b. Gi I l giao hai tim cn . Tm m trn th tn ti im B sao cho tam gic IAB
vung cn ti A .
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C) .
b. th hm s c tim cn ng : x=-m; tim cn ngang : y=-1, do I(-m;-1) .
-Nu B thuc th hm s th : 0
0
3
; 1
m
B x
x m
_
+
+
,
- Ta c :
( )
0 0
0 0
3 6
; 2 ; ; 2 ; . 4
m m
IA m AB x IA AB mx
x m x m
_
+
+ +
,
uur uuur uur uuur
- Nu tam gic IAB vung cn ti A th :
0
0
0
0
2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 0
0 0
0
6
3
4 0
2
2
. 0
3
4 2 4
2
m
mx m
mx
x m
x m
IA AB
mx IA AB m
m x m x
x m
+
+
' ' '
_ _
+ + + +
+
, ,
uur uuur
0
0
0 0
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
2 3
3
2
2
2
1 3 4 0
2
4 3 4
3 4 0
2
2
x
x
mx x m
m
m
x m
m m m
m
m m x
m m
m
m
t
t
t
+
t
' ' ' '
t
+
+
- Vy vi x=-2 , th y=
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 1 2; 0
4 1 2; 4
1 4 2;1
5 4 2;5
m B
m B
m B
m B
; Vi x=2 , th y=
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 1 2; 4
0 1 2; 0
5 4 2;5
1 4 2;1
m B
m B
m B
m B
+
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
b.Tm tham s m ng thng d : y=-2x+m ct th ti hai im phn bit A,B sao
cho din tch tam gic OAB bng 3 .
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C) .
b. Nu d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A,B th :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1
( ; ) 2 4 1 0 1 2 4 8 1 0
1
2 ( 1; ) 1 0
2
x
g x m x m x m x m m m
x
y x m g m
y x m
+
+ + >
+
' ' '
+
+
2
8 0 m m R + > . Chng t vi mi m d lun ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A,B
- Gi :
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; 2 ; ; 2 A x x m B x x m + +
. Vi : 1 2
, x x
l hai nghim ca phng trnh (1)
- Ta c :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
2 2
2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
; 2 4 5 AB x x x x AB x x x x x x +
uuur
.
- Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca O trn d , th khong cch t O n d l h :
2
5
2 1
m m
h
+
- Theo gi thit :
2 1 2
1 1 1 1
. 5 . . 8 3
2 2 2 2 4 5
x x
S AB h m
+
Vy :
2 2 2 2 2
8 4 .3 8 4 .3 40 2 10 (*) m m m m + +
Vi m tha mn iu kin (*) th d ct (C) ti A,B tha mn yu cu bi ton .
V d 7. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
3 3 1 1 3
m
y x x m x m C + + +
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) vi m=1 .
b. Tm m hm s c cc i , cc tiu , ng thi cc im cc i v cc tiu cng vi
gc ta O to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 4 .
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C).
b. hm s c cc i , cc tiu th :
( )
2
' 3( 2 1 ) 0 ; 0 * y x x m m + > >
- Vi iu kin (*), hm s c C,CT . Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; ; ; A x y B x y
l hai im cc tr . Vi
1 2
, x x
l hai nghim ca phng trnh
2
( 2 1 ) x x m +
=0 (1) .
- Bng php chia phng trnh hm s cho o hm ca n , ta c :
1
'( ; ) 2 2 2
3 3
x
y y x m mx m
_
+ +
,
. Suy ra phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc
tr l d : y= -2mx+2m+2 . 1 1 2 2
2 2 2; 2 2 2 y mx m y mx m + + + +
.
- Ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
; 2 ( ) 4 4 1 AB x x m x x AB x x m x x x x m + +
uuur
- Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca O trn (AB), h l khong cch t O n AB th :
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
5
CHUYN : TIP TUYN VI TRC TA - CC TIM CN
2
2 1 2 1
2 2
2 2 2 2 1 1
. 4 1. 1
2 2
1 4 1 4
m m
h S AB h x x m x x m
m m
+ +
+ +
+ +
- Theo gi thit : ( )
2 2
4 . 1 2 1 4; 1 4
1
m m m m m
+ + +
( ) ( )
3 2 2
2 4 0 1 3 4 0 1 m m m m m m m + + + +
Kt lun : vi m=1 tha mn yu cu bi ton .
V d 8. Cho hm s ( )
3 1
1
x
y C
x
+
iu kin :
( ) ( )
2
1 0
' 9 1 1 0 8 0 (*)
(1, ) 4 0
m
m m m m R
g m
+
+ > + >
'
+ +
+
+ + <
V d 9. Cho hm s ( )
2 1 3
2
1 1
x
y C
x x
+
+
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) , bit tip tuyn ny ct hai trc ta to thnh
mt tam gic c din tch bng 8 .
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C) .
b. Gi
( )
0 0 0
0
3
; ( ) 2
1
M x y C y
x
+
- d ct Ox ti im B.
( )
( ) ( )
2
0 0 0 2
0
0
3 3 1
0 2 2 2 1
1 3
1
B B
x x x x x
x
x
+ + +
- d ct trc Oy ti im A :
( )
( )
( )
2
0 0
0 2 2
0
0 0
2 2 1 3 3
0 2
1
1 1
A
x x
y x
x
x x
+
+ +
- Din tch tam gic OAB l S :
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
0 0 0 0
2
0 0 2 2
0 0
2 2 1 2 2 1
1 1 1 1
. . 2 2 1 . 8
2 2 2 3
1 6 1
B A
x x x x
S OAOB x y x x
x x
+ +
+
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
0 0
2
2 0 0 0
2
0 0 0
2
2
0 0 0
0 0
2 2 1 2 3 4 3 1 0
2 2 1 4 3 1
2 2 1 48 1 ;
2 2 1 4 3 1
2 2 1 2 3 4 3 1 0
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x
+ +
+
+ +
( )
0
0
n
1
1 2 3 15 12 3
2
v
x
t +
V d 10 . Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
2 3 4
m
y x mx m x C + + + +
(1)
a.Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) vi m=2 .
b. Tm m ng thng d : y=x+4 ct th hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit A,B,C sao
cho tam gic MBC c din tch bng 4 . ( im B,C c honh khc khng; M(1;3) ).
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C)
b. th (1) ct d ti ba im A,B,C c honh l nghim ca phng trnh :
( )
3 2 2
2
0
2 3 4 4; 2 2 0
2 2 0
x
x mx m x x x x mx m
x mx m
1 + + + + + + + +
]
+ + +
2
' 2 0 1 2 (*) m m m m > < >
Vi m tha mn (*) th d ct (1) ti ba im A(0; 4) , cn hai im B,C c honh l hai
nghim ca phng trnh :
2
2
' 2 0
2 2 0 1 2; 2
2 0
m m
x mx m m m m
m
>
+ + + < >
'
+
- Ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
; 4 ; ; 4 ; 2 B x x C x x BC x x x x BC x x x x x x + + +
uuur
-Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca M trn d . h l khong cch t M n d th :
2 1 2 1
1 3 4 1 1
2 . 2. 2
2 2 2
h S BC h x x x x
+
- Theo gi thit : S=4
2 2
2 1
4; 2 ' 4; 2 4 6 0 x x m m m m
Kt lun : vi m tha mn : 2 3 3 m m m ( chn ). p s : m=3
V d 11. ( DB-2004 ). Cho hm s
( )
4 2 2
2 1
m
y x m x C +
(1)
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
7
CHUYN : TIP TUYN VI TRC TA - CC TIM CN
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) vi m=1
b. Tm m d hm s (1)c ba im cc tr l ba nh ca mt tam gic vung cn .
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C)
b. Ta c : ( )
3 2 2 2
2 2
0
' 4 4 4 0 0 (*)
x
y x m x x x m m
x m
+
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
b. Tm ta im M thuc (C) , bit tip tuyn ti M ct hai trc Ox,Oy ti hai im A,B
sao cho tam gic OAB c din tch bng 1/4.
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C)
b. Gi
( ) ( )
0
0 0 0
0
2
;
1
x
M x y C y
x
+
- Tip tuyn ti M l d :
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 0
0 0 0 2
0
0
2 2
2 1 2 0
1
1
x
y x x x x y x
x
x
+ + +
+
+
- d ct Ox ti A :
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0
0
2 2
0 ( 1) 0 ; 0
1
1
A A A
x
x x x x x x x x A x
x
x
+ + +
+
+
- d ct Oy ti im B :
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
0 0 0
0 2 2 2
0
0 0 0
2 2 2 2
0 0;
1
1 1 1
B B
x x x
y x y B
x
x x x
_
+
+
+ + +
,
- Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca O trn d ,h l khong cch t O n d th :
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
4 2
2 4
0
0 2 2 4 4 0 0
0 0 0 2 4 4
4
0 0 0
0
2
1 4 2
; 4
1 1 1
1 4
x
x x x
h AB x AB x x
x x x
x
_ 1
+ +
+ 1
+ + +
1
+ +
, ]
uuur
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
8
CHUYN : TIP TUYN VI TRC TA - CC TIM CN
Vy :
( )
( )
( ) ( )
4
2
4
0 0 2 0
0 2 2
4
0 0
0
2 1 4
1 1 1
. .
2 2 4
1 1
1 4
x x
x
S AB h x
x x
x
+ +
+ +
+ +
Cho nn
( )
2 2
0 0
2
0 0 0 0 4
0 0
2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1
2 1 2 1 0
4 1
1
2 2 1 2 1 0
2
x y
x x x x
x x
x y x x x x
+
+ +
+ + + _
+ +
,
V d 15. (KA-2009). Cho hm s
( )
( )
2 1 1
2 3 2 2 2 3
x
y C
x x
+
+
+ +
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (C)
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) bit tip tuyn ct trc honh , trc tung ln lt
tai hai im phn bit A,B v tam gic OAB cn ti gc ta O .
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C)
b.Gi d l tip tuyn ca (C) ti
( )
( )
( )
0 0 0 0 2
0
1
; :
2 3
M x y d y x x y
x
+
+
- d ct trc Oy ti B :
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
0 0 0 0
0 0 2 2 2
0
0 0 0
2 2 8 6 1
2 3
2 3 2 3 2 3
B
x x x x
y x y
x
x x x
+ + +
+ +
+
+ + +
- d ct trc Ox ti A :
( )
( )
2
0 0 0
0 0 0 2
0 0
0
2 2 4 2 1
0
2 3 2 3
2 3
A A A
x x x
x x y x x x
x x
x
+ + +
+
+ +
+
- Tam gic OAB cn
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
0 0
0 0
4 3 1 3 1 2 1
;
2 3 2 3
2 3 2 3
x x x x x x x
OA OB
x x
x x
+ + + + + + +
+ +
+ +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2
0 0
0 0
1 0
2
0
; 3 1 2 3 ; 2 2 0; 3 1 3
2 0
(2 3) 2 3
x
x y
x x x x x x x
x y
x x
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
,
.
V d 16.(H-KB-2010 ). Cho hm s ( )
2 1 1
2
1 1
x
y C
x x
+
+ +
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
b.Tm m ng thng d : y=-2x+m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A,B sao cho tam gic
OAB c din tch bng 3 . ( Vi O l gc ta ).
GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C)
b. Nu d ct (C) ti hai im A,B th A,B c honh l hai nghim ca phng trnh :
2
2 1
2 ; ( ; ) 2 (4 ) 1 0
1
x
x m g x m x m x m
x
+
+ + +
+
.(1) ( C hai nghim khc -1)
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
10
CHUYN : TIP TUYN VI TRC TA - CC TIM CN
( ) ( )
2
2
4 8 1 0
8 0 (*)
( 1; ) 1 0
m m
m m R
g m
>
+ >
'
<
+
'
+