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Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006


1
Chng 2
CC TRNG THI HOT NG CA NG C IN

2.1 Khi nim chung
2.2 ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp (song song)
2.3 ng c in mt chiu kch t ni tip
2.4 ng c in khng ng b
2.5 Cc c tnh cng tc ca ng c ng b


2.1 Khi nim chung
- TC ca my sn xut (ti) M
c
() : bit trc
- TC ca ng c in M(): T nhin/ nhn to
- H n v tng i.
2.2 ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp (kch t song song)
2.2.1 S ni dy ca ng c mt chiu kch t c lp v kch t song song


















2.2.2 Phng trnh c tnh c (TC)
a) Cc phng trnh chnh
- Phng trnh cn bng in p phn ng v mch kch t:

Laplace
u
u ut u ut u u ut u u
di
u e R .i L . U E R (1 T .p).I
dt
= + + = + +

Laplace
kt
kt kt kt kt kt kt kt kt
di
u R .i L . U R (1 T .p).I
dt
= + = +
trong : R
ut
= R
u
+R
fu
; L
ut
=L
u
+L
fu
; T
u
= L
ut
/R
ut
; T
kt
= L
kt
/R
kt

- Theo l thuyt my in:
a) b)
Hnh 2.1
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
2
E
u
= k. v M = k.I
u
trong
pN
k
2 .a
=


= c.I
kt

- Phng trnh chuyn ng:

Laplace
c t c t
d
M M J . M M J .p.
dt

= =
- S cu trc ng c:











- Trong trng hp mch kch t xc lp:






- Tc quay roto:

u u
ut u
U 1 T .p
R .I
k k
+
=

phng trnh c tnh c-in c xt qu

( )
u u
ut
2
U 1 T .p
R .M
k
k
+
=


phng trnh TC c xt qu

- Trng thi xc lp t = hay p = 0:


u
fu u u
I
k
R R
k
U

= (2-4)
Phng trnh c tnh c in biu th quan h = f(I
u
)
v:

( )
M .
k
R R
k
U
2
fu u u

= (2-6)
Phng trnhc tnh c biu th quan h = f(M)





ut
1
R

u
1
1 T .p +

t
1
J .p

kt
1
R

kt
1
1 T .p +
c
k
U
u
U
kt
E
u



I
kt
I
u
M

M
c
k
-

-

ut
1
R

u
1
1 T .p +

t
1
J .p

U
u
E
u

I
u
M

M
c
k
k
-

-

Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
3
b) ng c tnh c v c tnh c in
const = f(I
u
) v = f(M) tuyn tnh














- Khi I
u
= 0, M = 0:

0
u
k
U
=

= tc khng ti l tng (2-7)


- Khi = 0:

nm
fu u
u
u
I
R R
U
I =
+
= dng in ngn mch (2-8)
v
nm nm
fu u
u
M k . I k .
R R
U
M = =
+
= momen ngn mch (2-9)
T (2-6) ta xc nh c cng c tnh c:

( )
fu u
2
R R
k
d
dM
+

= (2-10)
hay
( )
fu u
2
R R
k
d
dM
+

=




c) Cc dng khc ca phng trnh TC
- Dng 1:
=
0
- (2-11)
trong :

u
fu u
I .
k
R R

+
= (2-12)
st tc
- Dng 2:
Hnh 2-2

0
A

M


Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
4
M .
1
0

= (2-13)
- Dng 3:

( )

+

+
= .
R R
k
R R
U
. k M
fu u
2
fu u
u
hay =
nm
M M (2-14)
- Dng 4 ( n v tng i)

*
u
*
*
fu
*
u
*
*
u *
I .
R R U

= (2-15)

( )
*
2
*
*
fu
*
u
*
*
u *
M .
R R U

= (2-16)
trong : * = /
0
; U
u
* = U
u
/U
m
; * = /
m
= k/k
m
;
I
u
* = I
u
/I
m
; M* = M/M
m
; R
u
* = R
u
/R
m
; R
fu
* = R
fu
/R
m
;

vi
dm
dm
dm
I
U
R = (2-17)

ng vi M = M
c
(xc lp) s c tc xc lp
xl
:
I
u
= I
c
= M
c
/k : dng in ti

2.2.3 c tnh t nhin (R
fu
= 0, U
u
= U
m
; =
m
)
- Phng trnh:

( )
M
k
R
k
U
2
dm
u
dm
dm

= (2-18)

u
dm
u
dm
dm
I
k
R
k
U

= (2-19)
- Tc khng ti v cng TC t nhin:

m
o
m
U
k
=

(2-20)

( )
u
2
dm
tn
R
k
= (2-21)

*
u
*
tn
R
1
= (2-22)

- V TC t nhin t cc s liu catalog: P
m
[kW], n
m
[vng/pht], U
m
[V], I
m
[A],
m
, R
u

[],...:
1. im khng ti [0,
0
].
2. im nh mc [M
m
,
m
] hoc [I
m
,
m
].
3. im ngn mch [M
nm
,0] hoc [I
nm
, 0].
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
5


dm
dm
0
k
U

=
vi
dm
dm u dm
dm
I R U
k

=
dm
dm
dm
1000 . P
M

=
hoc M
m
= k
dm
.I
dm

=
m
nm

U
I
R

u
dm
dm nm
R
U
. k M =
hoc
A ,
U .
1000 . P
I
dm dm
dm
dm

= (2-23)
,
I
U
) 1 .( 5 , 0 R
dm
dm
dm u
(2-24)
2.2.4 Cc c tnh nhn to
T phng trnh (2-6):

( )
f
2
U R R
.M
k
k
+
=


(2-6)
R
f
, U

, c th thay i.
a) c tnh nhn to bin tr: (U
u
= U
m
, =
m
)
- Phng trnh:
( )
m f
2
m
m
U R R
M
k
k
+
=


(2-25)
m f

m m
U R R
.I
k k
+
=

(2-26)
- Tc khng ti:

m
0 0.tn
m
U
const
k
= = =

(2-27)
- st tc M
c
hay I
c
:

( )
f f
c c c f
2
m
m
R R R R
.M .I ~ R
k
k
+ +
= =

(2-28)

( ) ( )
f
c c c c.tn c.Rf
2 2
m m
R R
.M .M
k k
= + = +




1
2
3
I
M

0
0

I
nm

M
nm

m
I
m

M
m

Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
6











- cng TC:

( )
2
m
tn
f f
k
1
~
R R R

=
+
(2-29)
- Dng in ngn mch:

m
nm
f f
U 1
I ~
R R R
=
+
(2-30)
- Momen ngn mch:

nm m nm
f
1
M k .I ~
R
= (2-31)

Tng R
f
.











b) c tnh nhn to khi thay i in p phn ng U

: (R
f
= 0, =
m
)
- Phng trnh:
( )

2
m
m
U R
M
k
k
=


(2-32)

m m
U R
.I
k k
=

(2-33)
- Tc khng ti:

0
m
U
~ U
k
=

(2-34)
- st tc M
c
hay I
c
:
TN, R
f
=0
NT, R
fu

c.tn

c.Rf
M
c

c
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
7

( )

c c c c.tn
2
m
m
R R
.M .I const
k
k
= = = =

(2-35)
- cng TC:

( )
2
m
tn

k
const
R

= = = (2-36)
- Dng in ngn mch:

nm

U
I ~ U
R
= (2-37)
- Momen ngn mch:

nm m nm m

U
M k .I k ~ U
R
= = (2-38)

Khi gim U

< U
m















Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
8
b) c tnh nhn to khi thay i t thng : (R
f
= 0, U

= U
m
)
- Phng trnh:
( )
m
2
U R
M
k
k
=


(2-39)
m

U R
.I
k k
=

(2-40)
- Tc khng ti:

m
0
U 1
~
k
=

(2-41)
- st tc M
c
hay I
c
:

( )

c c
2 2
R 1
.M ~
k
=

(2-42)
- cng TC:

( )
2
2

k
~
R

= (2-34)
- Dng in ngn mch:

m
nm nm.tn

U
I I const
R
= = = (2-30)
- Momen ngn mch:
= ~ I . k M
nm nm
(2-31)

Khi gim <
m














Ch : V khng th tng i
kt
trn gi tr nh mc, nn ch c th to <
m
. Do , cc c tnh
c in nhn to u c v tr cao hn c tnh t nhin; tng t, trong vng ph ti Mc cho
php tc trn cc c tnh nhn to ln hn tc trn c tnh c t nhin.

2
<
1
<
m

2
<
1
<
m

Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
9
* V d 1: Dng c tnh c t nhin v nhn xt v dng c tnh ca ng c in mt chiu
kch t song song. S liu cho trc: ng c loi lm vic di hn, cp in p 220V, cng sut
nh mc 6,6kW; tc nh mc 2200 vng/pht; dng in nh mc 35A; in tr mch phn
ng gm in tr cun dy phn ng v cc t ph: 0,26.
Gii:
+ Dng c tnh c t nhin da vo 2 trong 3 im:
1. im khng ti [0,
0
].
2. im nh mc [M
m
,
m
]; hoc [I
m
,
m
] cho c tnh c in t nhin.
3. im ngn mch [M
nm
,0]; hoc [I
nm
, 0] cho c tnh c in t nhin.
Tc nh mc:
3 , 230
55 , 9
2200
55 , 9
n
dm
dm
= = = [rad/s]
Momen nh mc:
6 , 28
3 , 230
1000 . 6 , 6 1000 . P
M
dm
dm
dm
= =

= [Nm]

Nh vy ta xc nh c im nh mc [28,6 ; 230,3].
T thng ng c:
91 , 0
3 , 230
26 , 0 . 35 220 R . I U
k
dm
u dm dm
dm
=

= [Wb]
Tc khng ti l tng:
7 , 241
91 , 0
220
k
U
dm
dm
0
= =

= [rad/s]
Nh vy ta xc nh c im khng ti [0 ; 241,7].
Dng in ngn mch:
846
26 , 0
220
R
U
I
u
dm
nm
= = = [A]
Mmen ngn mch:
770 846 . 91 , 0 I . k M
nm dm nm
= = = [Nm]
Nh vy ta xc nh c im ngn mch [770 ; 0].
T 2 im trong 3 im: im khng ti v im nh
mc hoc im ngn mch ta c th dng c c tnh c nh hnh bn.
+ nh gi ng c tnh c:
- st tc khi c ti nh mc (so vi tc khng ti l tng):

c
=
0
-
m
= 241,7 230,3 = 11,4 [rad/s]
% 7 , 4 % 100 .
7 , 241
4 , 11
% 100 %
0
c
c
= =


= (< 5%)
- cng c tnh c t nhin:

( )
18 , 3
26 , 0
91 , 0
R
k
2
u
2
dm
= =

= [Nm.s]
1
2
3
I
M

0
0

I
nm

M
nm

m
I
m

M
m

Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
10
Bi tp 2.1: Dng c tnh c t nhin v nhn xt v dng c tnh ca ng c in mt chiu
kch t song song. S liu cho trc: ng c loi lm vic di hn, cp in p 220V, cng sut
nh mc 4,4kW; tc nh mc 1500 vng/pht; hiu sut nh mc 0,85.
p n.
2.2.5 Cc trng thi hm ca ng c mt chiu kch t c lp
- Trng thi ng c: l trng thi m mmen ng c sinh ra h tr vic quay. Hay chiu ca
momen ng c cng chiu vi chiu ca tc quay.
+ M (I

) v cng chiu => P


c
= M. = M
c
. > 0
+ ng c lm vic cc gc th I (>0; M v I > 0) v gc th III (<0; Mv I<0).

















Trng thi my pht (hm): l trng thi m mmen ng c sinh ra chng li s quay. Hay,
chiu ca mmen ng c ngc chiu vi chiu ca tc quay.

a) Hm ti sinh ( >
0
, |U|<|E|)


















II I
III IV
Ch ng c
M>0, >0,
I>0, U>0, U>E
P = M.>0
P = U.I >0
Ch my pht
M<0, >0,
I<0, U>0, U<E
P = M.<0,
P = U.I<0
Ch my pht
M>0, <0,
I>0, U<0, |U|<|E|
P = M.<0,
P = U.I<0

Ch ng c
M<0, <0,
I<0, U<0, |U|>|E|
P = M.>0,
P = U.I>0
M, I

I
U E
I
I
U E
IV
I
U E
II
I
U E
III
II I
III IV


0
M
C
M
C1
A

B

C
P
c

M.
P


U.I
P


Ch ng c
C
P
c

M.
P


U.I
P


Ch hm ti sinh
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
11

| I | .
k
R
k
U
u
u u

= phng trnh c tnh c in



( )
| M | .
k
R
k
U
2
u u

= phng trnh c tnh c



Hm ti sinh xy ra khi h ti cn trc, my nng h c ti trng nng, hoc khi iu chnh in
p phn ng gim t ngt lm
0
< v cha kp gim.














b) Hm ngc: Hm ngc xy ra khi ng c (di tc ng ca th nng hoc ng nng
tch lu trong c cu cng tc) quay ngc chiu tc khng ti l tng.
C hai trng hp xy ra hm ngc:
+ Thm R
f
ln vo mch phn ng ng c:




















1
2

0
1 2
M
c
M
h
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
12

















( )
M .
k
R R
k
U
2
fu u u

= ,
trong
( )

= >

+
=
k
U
M .
k
R R
u
0
2
fu u
, do <0.

+ o ngc cc tnh in p mch phn ng ng c (hay i chiu quay tc khng ti l
tng
0
):






















C
P
c

M.
P


U.I
P


Ch ng c
C
P
c

M.
P


U.I
P

+ P
Rfu

Ch hm ngc
I
U
E
I
R
u

I
U E
IV
R
u
R
fu
R
fu

K K
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
13

















( )
| M | .
k
R R
k
| U |
2
fu u u

+
+

= , M <0.
trong
( )

= >

+
=
k
U
M .
k
R R
u
0
2
fu u
, do >0.

Ch : trng thi hm ngc, in p ngun cng chiu vi s E, nn dng in I c th rt
ln. hn ch I
u
ngi ta thng ni thm in tr ph R
h
kh ln vo mch phn ng.
c) Hm ng nng: Hm ng nng xy ra khi tc khng ti
0
= 0.

















( )
M .
k
R R
I .
k
R R
2
h u
u
h u

+
=

+
= chn R
h
sao cho I
h
I
cp
= (22,5)I
m
C
P
c

M.
P


U.I
P


Ch ng c
C
P
c

M.
P


U.I
P

+ P
Rfu

Ch hm ngc
I
U
E
I
R
u

I
U E
IV
R
u
R
fu
R
fu

K K
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
14

a
M
c
= M
m
M
hmax

I
hmax

( )
h u
2
R R
k
| |
+

=
Tip v d 1: Xc nh tr s in tr hm u vo mch phn ng hm ng nng ng c
in mt chiu kch t song song vi yu cu mmen hm ln nht M
hmax
= 2M
m
. Trc khi
hm ng c lm vic im nh mc, s dng s hm kch t c lp.
Gii: Ta s dng s hm ng nng kch t c lp, trong m bo =
m
.
im lm vic trc khi hm l im nh mc, ta c:
I
c
= I

= I
m
= 35A, tng ng vi momen nh
mc M
m
;

a
=
m
= 230,3 [rad/s]
S ca ng c trc khi hm:
E
a
= U
m
I

.R

= 220 35.0,26 = 210,9 [V]


momen (dng in) hm ln nht s ti thi im ban u
ca qu trnh hm, ngay khi chuyn i mch in lm vic
sang mch hm ng nng.
I
hmax
= I
hb
hay M
hmax
= M
hb

V = m = const nn m bo M
hmax
= 2 M
m
th
I
hb
= 2I
m
= 2.35 = 70 [A]
in tr tng mch phn ng: = = =

=

= 01 , 3
70
9 , 210
I
E
I
k
I
. k
R
hbd
a
hbd
a
u
ut

Vy in tr hm u vo mch phn ng l: R
h
= R
ut
R
u
= 3,01 0,26 = 2,75 []
2.3 ng c in mt chiu kch t ni tip
2.3.1 Phng trnh v dng c tnh c ca ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip

U = E + (R
u
+ R
f
).I
R
u
= r
u
+ r
cf
+ r
ct
+ rkch t E =
k
M = k.I

I .
k
R R
k
U
f u u

=
( )
M .
k
R R
k
U
2
f u u

=

c.I
kt
= c.I

B
I
A
I .
I . c . k
R R
I . c . k
U
1 f u u
=
+
=
phng trnh c tnh c -in

Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
15
B
M
A
c . k
R R
M . c . k
U
2 f u u
=
+
=
phng trnh c tnh c

trong

c . k
U
A
1
=
c . k
R R
B
f u
+
=

c . k . A A
1 2
=



2.3.2 c tnh vn nng ca ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip

















TT I* M* * I = I*.I
m
M = M*.M
m
= *.
m

1 I*
1

2 I*
2

3... I*
3


* = /
m

Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
16






2.3.3 Cc c tnh nhn to ca ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip
c tnh nhn to bin tr c xc nh da trn c tnh t nhin (R
f
= 0):























Ly mt gi tr I
1
no , dng ln c tnh ny ta c tc tng ng
1
. C th biu th
1
theo
cng thc:
1
u 1
1
k
R . I U

=
Trn c tnh c nhn to in tr ph R
f
, tc ng c dng in I
1
l:

1
f u 1
1 nt
k
) R R .( I U

+
=

Chia 2 tng v cng thc trn ta c c:

u 1
f u 1
1 1 nt
R I U
) R R ( I U
.

+
=
Nh vy vi I
1
chn v
1
tra c trn c tnh c t nhin, s tnh c gi tr
nt1
trn
ng c tnh c nhn to cn tm.
Lm tng t vi cc gi tr I
2
, I
3
, ta s c
nt2
,
nt3
, v cui cng ta v c c tnh c
nhn to c in tr ph R
f
.
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
17
2.3.4 Cc trng thi hm ca ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip
Do
0
-> nn ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip khng c hm ti sinh.

a) Trng thi hm ngc: xy ra khi tc quay ca ng c ngc chiu vi tc khng ti
l tng (
0
= +/- ).
+ a thm in tr ph R
f
ln vo mch ng c khi ti th nng.

Trn on c tnh cd, c M >0 v <0 v vy
P = M. <0 => M c tc dng hm (hn ch) .















+ o cc tnh in p t vo phn ng ca ng c:


















c
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
18
b) Trng thi hm ng nng (
0
= 0):









2.3.5 Nhn xt v ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip
- V cu to, ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip c cun kch t chu dng ln, nn tit din to v
s vng t. Nh d ch to hn v t h hng hn so vi ng c mt chiu kch t song song.
- C kh nng qu ti ln v mmen. Khi c cng h s qu ti dng k
I
th mmen ca ng c
kch t ni tip ln hn k
I
ln so vi mmen ng c kch t song song.
- Mmen khng ph thuc vo st p trn ng dy ti in.
- C kh nng t iu tit gi tr tc khi ph ti thay i gi cho cng sut ng c gn nh
khng i nh c tnh c dng hybecbol.

2.3.6 c im, c tnh c v cc trng thi hm ca ng c mt chiu kch t hn hp











=
s
+
n
thng
s
= (0,750,85)
m

khi M
c
= M
m
th I

= I
m
, tng ng
n
= (0,250,15)
m


0
(1,31,6)
m














Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
19
2.4 ng c in khng ng b













2.4.1 c tnh c in = f(I
1
) hoc = f(I
2
)
c tnh c v c tnh c in ca ng c khng ng b, i lng tc c biu th
thng qua i lng h s trt s:

0
0
s


= vi
p
f 2
0

=












( )
2
'
1
2
'
2
1
1 '
2
2
X X
s
R
R
U
I
+ +
|
|

\
|
+
= I
2

= f(s)

trong X
1
+ X
2
= X
nm

R
2
= R
2
.K
e
2
; X
2
= X
2
.K
e
2
;
f . nm 2
1
e
E
E
K = - h s bin i sc in ng ca dy qun stato v rto (gi tr pha), v c th
xc nh gn ng:
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
20

1
e
2nm.f
U
K 0, 95.
E

E
2nm.f
- sc in ng pha roto khi h mch v rto ng yn.
Biu th c tnh c in theo quan h I
1
= f():

1
=
2
+



Vit theo modul:

(
(
(
(
(

+
|
|

\
|
+
+
+
=

2
nm
2
'
2
1
2 2
1 1
X
s
R
R
1
X R
1
U I

- Khi khng ti l tng, s = 0 th I
1
= I

=
2 2
1
X R
U

+

- Khi ngn mch s = 1, th I
1nm
= I

+ I
2nm















2.4.2 c tnh c
Cng sut in t chuyn t stato sang rto:
P
12
= P
c
+ P
trong P
12
= M
t
.
0

P
c
= M.
Mt M
P 3.I
2

2
.R
2

M
0
= M + 3.I
2

2
.R
2
hay 3.I
2

2
.R
2
= M(
0
- ) = M
0
0
0


= M
0
.s

0
2 '
2
'
2
. s
I R 3
M

=
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
21
(
(

+
|
|

\
|
+
=
2 '
nm
2
'
2
1 0
'
2
2
1
X
s
R
R
s / R U 3
M y chnh l phng trnh c tnh c
0
s
M
=

ta xc nh c cc im ti hn:
trt ti hn:
2
nm
2
1
'
2
th
X R
R
s
+
= v

Momen ti hn:
| |
2
nm
2
1 1 0
2
1
th
X R R 2
U 3
M
+
=





















th
th
th
th th
s . a
s
s
s
s
) s . a 1 ( M 2
M
+ +
+
= trong a = R
1
/R
2

khi coi R
1
0 ta c:

s
s
s
s
M 2
M
th
th
th
+
= gi l phng trnh Kloss
- Khi ch tnh ton trong vng lm vic vi ph ti M
c
M
m
, coi s << s
th
ta b qua thnh phn
s/s
th
ta c:
TH
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
22
s .
s
M 2
M
th
th
= (ta tuyn tnh ho trong vng c s nh)
Ta thy ng c tnh c c 2 on:
- on th nht, t im
0
n im ti hn TH (s=s
th
), gi l on cng tc, c <0. ng
c ch lm vic xc lp trn on ny.
- on th hai, t im TH n im ngn mch (s=1) c >0, ch tn ti trong gii on khi
ng hoc qu .

2.4.3 Dng c tnh t nhin
T s liu catalog ng c nh P
m
[kW], n
m
[vng/pht], h s mmen cc i (mmen ti
hn) = M
th
/Mm,... ta c:

55 , 9
n
60
n 2
dm dm
dm
=

= [rad/s]
n
0

p
f . 60
= [vng/pht]
li in c tn s f = 50Hz, v p l cc s nguyn 1,2,3,... tng ng n
0
= 3000, 1500, 1000,...
V vy tc khng ti l tng c th c suy ra t n
m
theo nguyn tc lm trn ln, do s
m

thng <0,1 nn nu n
m
=

1485 vng/pht th n
0
= 1500vng/pht.

0
dm 0
dm
s


=

dm
dm
dm
P . 1000
M

= [Nm]
M
th
= .M
m

T phng trnh Kloss ta c th xc nh c trt ti hn gn ng bng:
| | 1 s s
2
dm th
+ =
Nh vy ta xc nh c 3 im trn on cng tc ca ng c tnh c t nhin l:
1. Khng ti (0,
0
).
2. nh mc (M
m
,
m
).
3. Ti hn (M
th
,
th
).
Thay s
th
v M
th
vo phng trnh Kloss ta thu c phng trnh c tnh c t nhin.
Nu tuyn tnh ha on c tnh cng tc qua im khng ti l tng v im nh mc th c
th biu th c tnh c t nhin bng phng trnh:
dm dm
s
s
M
M
= hoc s .
s
M
M
dm
dm
=
Nh vy, gn ng ta c cng c tnh c trong on cng tc:

dm 0
dm
0
s
M
ds
dM 1
d
dM
| |

=
v
dm 0
dm *
s
1
/ d
dM / dM
=

=
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
23
2.4.4 Cc c tnh nhn to

( )
(
(

+ +
|
|

\
|
+

=
(
(

+
|
|

\
|
+
=
2
'
2 1
2
'
2
1
'
2
2
1
2 '
nm
2
'
2
1 0
'
2
2
1
X X
s
R
R
p
f 2
s / R U 3
X
s
R
R
s / R U 3
M

M = f(s) : U
1
, f, p, R
2
, R
1
, X
1
v X
2
.
Do f
2
= sf
1
nh nn thay i X
2
t hiu qu khng dng.
a) H c tnh thay i R
2
(h c tnh bin tr)
Khi thay i R
f
mch rto th

f
2
nm
2
1
'
f
'
2
2
nm
2
1
'
2
th
R
X R
R r
X R
R
s
+
+
=
+
=

v
| |
const
X R R 2
U 3
M
2
nm
2
1 1 0
2
1
th
=
+ +
=

0
= const

















b) H c tnh thay i in p stato
Khi thay i U
1
th

0
= const
const
X R
R
s
2
nm
2
1
'
2
th
=
+
=

| |
2
1
2
dm
1
tn . th
2
nm
2
1 1 0
2
1
th
U
U
U
M
X R R 2
U 3
M
|
|

\
|
=
+ +
=
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
24















c) H c tnh thay i in tr v in khng stato
Khi thay i R
1
v X
1
th

0
= const
1 1
2
nm
2
1
'
2
th
X
1
,
R
1
X R
R
s
+
=

| | 1 1
2
nm
2
1 1 0
2
1
th
X
1
,
R 2
1
X R R 2
U 3
M
+ +
=















R
1f
X
1f
TN

M
th.tn M
th.Xf

M
th.Rf

s
th.tn

s
th.1

0
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
25

d) c tnh c khi thay i s i cc p

0
= 2f/p, p = 1,2,... nn tc t trng quay thay i nhy cp.













e) H c tnh nhn to khi thay i tn s f
Khi gim f th E = K.f gim, Z
1
= 2f.L
1
gim. Nu U
1
vn gi nguyn = U
m
th dng in
trong ng c:

1
1
. .
1
1
.
Z
E U
I

= s ln hn I
m

v vy khi thay i f th bt buc phi iu chnh c U
1
.
Nu iu chnh f<f
m
, ta mun gi M
th
= const th:

| |
const
f
U
X R R 2
U 3
M
2
2
1
2
nm
2
1 1 0
2
1
th
=
+ +
= hay U/f = const
Cn khi iu chnh f>f
m
ta nu iu chnh theo lut U/ f = const ta c th gi cho ng c
khng b qu ti v cng sut.

2
2
1 1
th
2
o
max th o
U U 1 const
M .
f
f
f
P M . const
| |
=
|

\
= =













Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
26





2.4.5 Cc trng thi hm ca ng c khng ng b
a) Hm ti sinh
- H ti cc my nng h (cu thp, vn thng, cn trc,...).
- Gim tn s dng in stato t ngt.















b) Hm ngc
- Thm in tr ph ln vo mch rto R
2f
(ch dng cho ng c rto dy qun).



















Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
27

- i th t pha in p stato (o chiu t trng quay
0
):






















c)Hm ng nng
















c tnh hm ng nng, dng n v tng i:

*
*
th
*
th
*
dn . th
M 2
M

=
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
28
trong tc tng i:
0
*

=
tc tng i ti hn:
'
2
'
2 *
th
X X
R
+
=


mmen ti hn hm ng nng
( )
'
2 0
2 2
1
dn . th
X X 2
X . I 3
M
+
=



trong cng thc ny, I
1
l dng in xoay chiu (gi tng) thay th cho dng in mt chiu I
mc

chy trong cun dy stato khi thc hin hm ng nng.
I
1
= A.I
mc
.
A c xc nh theo cch u cc cun dy stato:
















Ta cng c th ly I
mc
t ngun do chnh ng c pht ra thng qua b chnh lu mch rto
hoc b t in mch stato. Cc s ny gi l hm ng nng t kch.
















Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
29
Bi tp 1: Tnh v v c tnh c t nhin v c tnh c nhn to ca ng c khng ng b
rto dy qun vi in tr ph mi pha R
f
= 0,175, ng c 850kW, 6000V, n
0
=600vg/ph, n
m

= 588vg/ph, = 2,15; E
2nm
= 1150V, I
2m
= 450V.

Phng n 1 2 3 4 5
Gi tr R
f
() 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5





Bi tp 2: Hy la chn c tnh c hm ng nng v xc nh cc thng s hm, gm dng
in mt chiu I
mc
cp vo cun dy stato v in tr ph R
h
ni vo mch rto ca ng c sao
cho mmen hm cc i t c M
hmax
= 2,5M
m
v hiu qu hm cao. S liu cho trc: ng
c 11kW, 220V, 953vg/ph, = 3,1; cos
m
= 0,71; cos
0
= 0,24 (khng ti); I
1m
= 28,4A; I
1.0

(khng ti) = 19,2A; R
1
= 0,415; X
1
= 0,465; E
2nm
= 200V; I
2m
= 35,4A; r
2
= 0,132; X
2
=
0,27; K
e
= 1,84.

p n: R
h
= 1,308 , I
mc
= 53A


2.5 Cc c tnh cng tc ca ng c ng b
2.5.1 c tnh c ca ng c ng b

p
f 2
1
0

= , =
0
(MM
max
)













2.5.2 c tnh gc ca ng c ng b
M = f(), - l gc lch pha gia E v U
nu b qua r
1
(0)
l
0H = U
l
cos = E.cos(-)
H
0
Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
30
v ( )
s
l
x . I
sin U
CA
CB
cos

= =
= sin
x
EU
cos . I . U
s
l
l

V tri chnh l cng sut ca 1 pha ng c.
= sin
x
U . E
3 P
s
l

v mmen ng c:
=

= sin M sin
x
EU 3 P
M
m
s 0
l
0

trong
s 0
l
m
x
EU 3
M

= ng vi = 90
0
.
thng = 20
0
25
0
, ng vi 5 , 2 2
M
M
dm
m
M
= =




Bi tp cui chng 2

Bi 1: Xc nh cc thng s ca ng c mt chiu kch t song song. S liu cho trc l cc
thng s catalog. Yu cu xc nh: T thng nh mc (hoc k
m
), I
m
, M
m
(mmen c),
mmen in t nh mc M
t.m
, in tr phn ng R

, in tr nh mc R
m
, R

*, st tc
ng vi ti nh mc
c
v
*
c
; tc khng ti l tng
o
, dng in ngn mch I
nm
,
mmen ngn mch M
nm
, cng TC t nhin v
*
; phng trnh TC v T c-in t
nhin h n v tuyt i v tng i, v TC n v tuyt i v n v tng i. S liu
cho trc:

Thng s Phng n
P
m
, kW U
m
, V n
m
, vg/ph
m
J, kgm
2
1 6,6 220 2200 0,85 0,07
2 4,4 220 1500 0,85 0,07
3 2,5 220 1000 0,80 0,07
4 9 220 1500 0,85 0,16
5 10 220 2250 0,87 0,125
6 15 220 1560 0,83 0,4
7 13,5 220 1050 0,84 0,5
8 21 220 1500 0,86 0,5
9 33,5 220 1580 0,87 1,0
10 46,5 220 1500 0,88 1,2


Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
31

Bi 2 Xc nh thng s ca ng c xoay chiu khng ng b rto dy qun. Cho trc cc s
liu catalog. Yu cu xc nh cc i lng: mmen (c) nh mc M
m
; trt nh mc s
m
;
h s bin p K
e
, h s quy i in tr v in khng K
r
, R
2m
, R
2
*
, R
2
, R
2
, X
nm
, X
nm
, mmen
khi ng; phng trnh TC dng Kloss, v TC t nhin. S liu cho trc:

P.n Pm
kW
U
1m
V n
m

vg/ph

I
1m
A cos
m
E
2nm
V I
2m
A J kgm
2
1 1,4 380 855 2,3 5,3 0,65 112 4,3 0,021
2 3,5 380 915 2,3 10,5 0,70 181 13,7 0,049
3 5 380 925 2,5 14,8 0,69 206 16,6 0,067
4 11 380 945 2,8 28,6 0,73 172 42,5 0,215
5 22 380 965 2,8 55 0,71 225 61,0 0,50
6 30 380 720 2,8 77 0,68 280 67,5 1,025
7 40 380 730 2,8 101 0,69 322 76,5 1,40
8 45 380 575 3,0 115 0,70 185 155 4,25
9 60 380 578 3,0 145 0,72 245 153 5,25
10 100 380 584 2,8 225 0,67 275 230 10,35


Bi 3 Nghin cu cc ch lm vic trng thi ng c v trng thi hm ng nng ca ng
c mt chiu kch t song song. S liu cho trc: ng c 10kW, 220V, 54A, 970vng/pht,
R = 0,35; in tr cun kch t R
kt
= 140.
1) Dng cc TC khi c in tr ph R
f
trong mch phn ng v xc nh tc lm vic khi
nng ti vi ph ti l M
c
. Gi tr R
f
v M
c
cho trong bng di.
2) Khi h ti trng ta ct phn ng ng c ra khi ngun v ni vo in tr hm R
h
. Hy xc
nh R
h
sao cho mmen hm ban u ca ng c Mhb = 2Mm ng vi cc phng n lm
vic khi nng ti cho trong bng di.
3) Xc nh tc xc lp khi h ti trng vi cc gi tr M
c
cho trong bng v cc gi tr R
h

tng ng xc nh c t cu 2.

Phng n Thng s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
M
c
Nm 20 30 40 50 60 20 30 40 50 60
R
f
0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0












Mn hc: iu khin ng c in (Truyn ng in)

GV: H Xun Ha October 7, 2006
32
Bi 4 Dng TC t nhin ca ng c KB rto lng sc theo cc s liu catalog bng phng
php chnh xc v phng php gn ng. So snh kt qu ca 2 phng php . S liu catalog
cho trong bng:

Thng s Phng n
P
m
kW U
m
(dy) V n
m
vg/ph =M
th
/M
m
K
M
=M
nm
/M
m

1 10 380 2930 2,5 1,3
2 14 380 2930 2,5 1,5
3 20 380 2940 2,9 1,2
4 28 380 1460 2,3 1,4
5 40 380 1460 2,3 1,2
6 55 380 1410 2,3 1,3
7 40 380 980 2,2 1,5
8 55 380 985 2,2 1,2
9 75 380 985 2,2 1,2
10 100 380 1470 2,3 1,2

Gi :
Phng php chnh xc:
S dng phng trnh:

th th
th
th
th
2.M (1 a.s )
M
s s
a.s
s s
+
=
+ +
xc nh a v s
th
ta thay cc s liu ti im nh mc v im
ngn mch s thu c h 2 phng trnh v gii ra ta t c kt qu.

Bi tp 6 S liu ng c KB rto lng sc cho theo bi tp 5. Hy trnh by v tnh ton cc
cch a trng thi ng c t im A (im nh mc) n cc im B[0,4;0,4] v C[-0,6;0,6].














Tr v u chng 2

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