On HSG Can Bang Hoa Hoc

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy Ti liu luyn thi HSG
Gio vin: Nguyn Cao Chung - 1 -

CN BNG HA HC
Cu 1: Phn ng di y t n cn bng 109K vi hng s cn bng K
p
= 10:
C (r) + CO
2
(k) 2CO (k)
(a) Tm hm lng kh CO trong hn hp cn bng, bit p sut chung ca h l 1,5atm.
(b) c hm lng CO bng 50% v th tch th p sut chung l bao nhiu?
Gii: (a) C + CO
2
2CO n
[ ] (1 - x) 2x 1 + x (mol)
Ta c: 5 , 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 2
P
P
K
2
CO
2
CO
P
2
+
= = = 10 x = 0,79
Vy hn hp cn bng cha 2.0,79 = 1,58 mol CO (88,27%) v 1 0,79 = 0,21 mol CO
2
(11,73%)
(b) T 10 P
5 , 0
) 5 , 0 (
K
2
P
= = P = 20 atm.
Cu 2: Cho phn ng: 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k) 2SO
3
(k) H = - 198 kJ
Cho 10,51 mol kh SO
2
v 37,17 mol khng kh (20% v th tch l O
2
cn li l N
2
) c xc tc l
V
2
O
5
. Thc hin phn ng 427
0
C, 1 atm th phn ng t hiu sut 98%. Tnh hng s cn bng K
C
,
K
P
ca phn ng 427
0
C.
Gii: nO
2 b
= 7,434 (mol), nN
2 b
= 29,736 (mol)
2SO
2
(k) + O
2
2SO
3
(k) H

= - 198 kJ
Ban u: 10,51 (mol) 7,434 (mol) 0
Lc phn ng: 10,3 (mol) 5,15 (mol) 10,3 (mol)
Lc CB: 0,21 (mol) 2,284 (mol) 10,3 (mol)
s mol hn hp TTCB = 0,21 + 2,284 + 10,3 + 29,736 = 42,53 (mol)
P
i
= x
i
.P = x
i
.1 = x
i

2
3
P 2
2 2
(Pso )
K =
(Pso ) .Po
v
- n
C P
K =K (RT)
A
(R = 0,082, T = 427 + 273 = 700
0
K, n = -1)

2
4
P 2
(10,3) .42,53
K = >> 4,48.10
(0,21) .2,284
v
4 -(-1) 4
C
K =4,48.10 .(0,082.700) 257.10 ~
Cu 3: Cho cn bng ha hc sau: N
2
O
4
(k)

2NO
2
(k) (1)
Thc nghim cho bit khi lng mol phn t trung bnh ca hai kh trn 35
o
C bng 72,45 g/mol
v 45
o
C bng 66,80 g/mol.
(a) Tnh phn li ca N
2
O
4
mi nhit trn?
(b) Tnh hng s cn bng K
P
ca (1) mi nhit trn? Bit P = 1 atm
(c) Cho bit theo chiu nghch, phn ng thu nhit hay ta nhit?
Gii: Xt cn bng: N
2
O
4
(k) 2NO
2
(k) (1)
(a) Gi a l s mol ca N
2
O
4
c trong 1 mol hn hp s mol NO
2
trong 1 mol hn hp l (1 - a)
mol
* 35
0
C c M= 72,45 g/mol = 92a + 46(1 - a) a = 0,575 mol = nN
2
O
4
v nNO
2
= 0,425 mol
N
2
O
4
(k)

2NO
2
(k)
Ban u x 0
Phn ng 0,2125 0,425
Cn bng x - 0,2125 0,425
x - 0,2125 = 0,575 x = 0,7875 mol , vy = = o % 100
7875 , 0
2125 , 0
26,98%
* 45
0
C c M= 66,80 g/mol = 92a + 46(1 - a) a = 0,4521mol = nN
2
O
4
v nNO
2
= 0,5479 mol
N
2
O
4(k)
2NO
2(k)
Ban u x 0
Phn ng 0,27395 0,5479

Cn bng x - 0,27395 0,5479
x - 0,27395 = 0,4521 x = 0,72605 mol , vy = = o % 100
72605 , 0
27395 , 0
37,73%
(b) P
n
n
P
hh
NO
NO
2
2
= , P
n
n
P
hh
O N
O N
4 2
4 2
= v P = 1 atm
35
0
C = = =
575 , 0
) 425 , 0 (
P
) P (
K
2
O N
2
NO
P
4 2
2
0,314
45
0
C = = =
4521 , 0
) 5479 , 0 (
P
) P (
K
2
O N
2
NO
P
4 2
2
0,664
c) T kt qu thc nghim ta thy, khi nhit tng t 35
0
C ln 45
0
C th o tng. C ngha khi nhit
tng cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun. Vy theo chiu thun phn ng thu nhit, nn theo
chiu nghch phn ng ta nhit.
Cu 4: Tnh xem c bao nhiu % cht ban u (N
2
+ 3H
2
) chuyn thnh amoniac, nu phn ng
c thc hin 500

atm ,1000atm v nhn xt kt qu vi nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng? Bit
hng s cn bng ca phn ng iu ch amoniac 500
0
C l 1,5.10
5

atm
2
.
: Gii: N
2
+ 3H
2

2NH
3

5
3
2
10 . 5 , 1
.
2 2
3
=
H N
NH
P P
P
=>
2 2
3
H N
P P = => p P P P
NH H N
= + +
3 2 2
=> ) ( 4 / 1
3 2
NH N
P P P =
) ( 4 / 3
3 2
NH H
P P P = =>
4
2
) ( 27
256
3
3
NH
NH
P P
P
= 1,5.10
-5
=>
2
) .( 27
16
3
3
NH
NH
P P
P
=
5
10 . 5 , 1

=> P =500atm =>
3
NH
P = 152atm :
P = 1000atm =>
3
NH
P = 424 atm

Tnh % chuyn ho: N
2
+ 3H
2

2NH
3

Ban u: 1 3 0 mol
Phn ng a 3a 2a mol
Sau phn ng (1-a) (3-3a) 2a mol
=> 4662 , 0
500
152
2 4
2
= => =
a
a
a
=> % hn hp ban u: 4a/4 = a => 46,62%
=> 5955 , 0
500
424
2 4
2
= => =
a
a
a
=> % hn hp ban u: 4a/4 = a => 59,55%
=> p sut tng cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu lm gim p sut ca h.
Cu 5: N
2
O
4
phn li 20,0% thnh NO
2
27
o
C v 1,00 atm. Hy xc nh
(a) gi tr K
p
;
(b) phn li ca N
2
O
4
ti 27
o
C v 0,10 atm;
(c) phn li ca 69g N
2
O
4
trong bnh 20 L 27
o
C.
Gii: Xt phn ng phn li:
N
2
O
4

2NO
2

n 0
no 2no
n-no 2no
Phn mol:
o +
o
1
1

o +
o
1
2
, P
1
4
P
P
P
K
2
2
O N
2
NO
O N
2
NO
P
4 2
2
4 2
2
o
o
=
= =
(a) 17 , 0 1
) 2 , 0 ( 1
) 2 , 0 ( 4
P
1
4
K
2
2
2
2
P
=
=
o
o
=

(b) %) 6 , 54 ( 546 , 0 17 , 0 10 , 0
1
4
2
2
= o =
o
o

(c) mol 75 , 0
92
69
n = = . S dng cng thc
) 1 ( 9225 , 0
20
300 082 , 0 ) 1 ( 75 , 0
P
4 2
O N
o =
o
=
o =
o
= 845 , 1
20
300 082 , 0 . 75 , 0 . 2
P
2
NO

17 , 0
) 1 ( 9225 , 0
) 845 , 1 (
K
2
P
=
o
o
= %) 27 , 19 ( 1927 , 0 = o
Bi 6: Xt phn ng tng hp amoniac : N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k) 2NH
3
(k)
450
o
C hng s cn bng ca phn ng ny l K
P
= 1,5.10
-5
.
(a) Ban u trn N
2
v H
2
theo t l 1:3 v th tch. Tnh hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH
3
khi p
sut h bng 500 atm v bng 1000 atm.
(b) Cc kt qu tnh c c ph hp vi nguyn l chuyn di cn bng ha hc hay khng?
1. Gii: (a) Gi x v h ln lt l s mol ban u ca N
2
v hiu sut phn ng.
N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k) 2NH
3
(k)
n
o
x 3x 0
n hx 3hx 2hx
x(1-h) 3x(1-h) 2hx En = x(4-2h)
3
2
3
H N
2
NH
P
P
) h 2 4 ( x
) h 1 ( x 3
P
) h 2 4 ( x
) h 1 ( x
P
) h 2 4 ( x
xh 2
P . P
P
K
2 2
3
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = K P
) h 1 ( 2 , 5
) h 2 4 ( h 2
2
=
(*)
-Ti 500 atm, (*) 0 1 , 10 h 2 , 28 h 1 , 14
2
= + vi 1 h s
467 , 0 h = , vy hiu sut phn ng bng 46,7%
-Ti 1000 atm, (*) 0 1 , 10 h 2 , 28 h 1 , 14
2
= + vi 1 h s
593 , 0 h = , vy hiu sut phn ng bng 59,3%
(b) Khi p sut tng, hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH
3
tng. iu ny ph hp vi nguyn l
chuyn di cn bng. Khi tng p sut, cn bng chuyn di theo chiu lm gim s phn t kh
(vi phn ng tng hp NH
3
l chiu thun).
Cu 7: Cho phn ng: H
2 (K)
+ I
2

(K)
2HI
(K)

Thc hin phn ng trong bnh kn 0,5lt t
o
C vi 0,2mol H
2
v 0,2mol I
2
.Khi phn ng t trng thi
cn bng nng ca HI l 0,3mol/lt.
1.1.Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng t
o
C.
1.2..Thm vo cn bng trn 0,1mol H
2
th cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu no tnh nng cc cht
trng thi cn bng mi.
1.3..Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng sau t
o
C.
HI
(K)

2
1
H
2 (K)
+
2
1
I
2

(K)
Gii: 1.1.Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng t
o
C.
Theo gi thit: [H
2
] = [I
2
] = 0,4mol/lt

H
2 (K)
+ I
2

(K)
2HI
(K)

Trc phn ng: 0,4 (mol/lt) 0,4(mol/lt)
Lc cn bng: 0,25(mol/lt) 0,25 (mol/lt ) 0,3 (mol/lt )
K
cb
= 44 , 1
25 , 0 . 25 , 0
3 , 0
2
=
1.2.Nng cc cht trng thi cn bng mi:

- Nu thm vo cn bng 0,1mol H
2
nng H
2
tng cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun.
- Khi thm 0,1 mol H
2
nng H
2
= 0,25 + 0,2 = 0,45mol/lt
Gi x l nng H
2
tham gia phn ng t cn bng mi.
H
2 (K)
+ I
2

(K)
2HI
(K)

Trc phn ng: 0,45 (mol/lt) 0,25(mol/lt) 0,3(mol/lt)
Lc cn bng: 0,45-x (mol/lt ) 0,25-x (mol/lt) 0,3+2x (mol/lt)

K
cb
= 44 , 1
) 45 , 0 ).( 25 , 0 (
) 2 3 , 0 (
2
=

+
x x
x
2,56x
2
+ 2,208x 0,072 = 0 K: 0< x < 0,25
Gii phng trnh ta c : x = 0,03146 nhn ; x
/
= -0,89 loi.
Vy :
[H
2
] = 0,41854 (mol/lt)
[I
2
] = 0,21854 (mol/lt)
[HI] = 0,36292 (mol/lt)
1.3..Hng s cn bng ca phn ng sau t
o
C.
HI
(K)

2
1
H
2 (K)
+
2
1
I
2

(K)
Gi K
/
cb
l hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
Ta c K
/
cb
=
| | | |
| | HI
I H 2
1
2
2
1
2
=
cb
K
1
=
44 , 1
1
=
6
5

Cu 8: Cho 2 mol N
2
v 8 mol H
2
vo bnh kn c th tch l 2 lt, sau khi phn ng:
N
2(K)
+ 3H
2(K)
2NH
3(K)
t trng thi cn bng , a nhit v nhit ban u , th p sut trong bnh bng 0,9 ln p sut
u. Tnh K cn bng.
Gii: Tng s mol ban u trong bnh kn :
b
n = 2+ 8 = 10 mol
Trong cng iu kin t
0
v V : T l mol = T l p sut.
Ta c:
s
P
P
=
s
n
n

9 , 0
1
=
s
n
10
n
s
= 0,9 x 10 = 9 mol
Gi x l s mol N
2
tham gia phn ng:
N
2(K)
+ 3H
2(K)
2NH
3(K)
Trc p: 2 mol 8 mol
Phn ng: x mol 3x mol 2x mol
Sau p : (2 x) (8-3x) 2x mol
Tng s mol cc cht kh sau phn ng:
s
n = 10 2x = 9 mol x = 0,5mol
trng thi cn bng : n
N
2
= 2 0,5 = 1,5 mol [N
2
] =
2
5 , 1
= 0,75 mol/l
n
H
2
= 8 3 x 0,5 = 6,5 mol/lt [H
2
] =
2
5 , 6
= 3,25 mol/lt ; n
NH
3
= 2 x 0,5 = 1 mol
[NH
3
] =
2
1
= 0,5 mol/lt K
cb
=
2
2
3
3
2
. H
N
NH
C C
C
=
3
2
) 25 , 3 ).( 75 , 0 (
) 5 , 0 (
= 9,71. 10
-3

Cu 9 : Cho cn bng : N
2
O
4

2NO
2

Ly 18,4 gam N
2
O
4
vo bnh chn khng c dung tch 5,9 lt 27
O
C. Khi t ti cn bng, p sut l 1
atm. Cng vi khi lng ca N
2
O
4
nhng nhit 110
O
C th trng thi cn bng, nu p sut
vn l 1 atm th th tch hn hp kh t 12,14 lt.
a/. Tnh thnh phn % N
2
O
4
b phn li 27
O
C v 110
O
C.
b/. Tnh hng s cn bng 2 nhit trn, t rt ra kt lun phn ng ta nhit hay thu nhit.
Gii: a) S mol N
2
O
4
ban u: 18,4/92 = 0,2 mol
N
2
O
4

2NO
2

b (mol): 0,2 0

p: x 2x
cn : 0,2 x 2x
* t
o
= 27
o
C th: (0,2 + x
1
) = 5,9.273 / 22,4(273 + 27) = 0,23969
x
1
= 0,03969 % N
2
O
4
b phn hy: [0,03969/ 0,2] 100% = 19,845%
* t
o
= 110
o
C th: (0,2 + x
2
) = 12,14.273 / 22,4(273 + 110) = 0,3863
x
2
= 0,1863 % N
2
O
4
b phn hy: [0,1863 / 0,2] 100% = 93,15%
b) K = [NO
2
]
2
/ [N
2
O
4
] = {2x/V)
2
/ (0,2 x)/V = 4x
2
/ V(0,2 x)
* t
o
= 27
o
C: V
1
= 5,9 l; x
1
= 0,03969 mol K
1
= 6,66.10
-3

* t
o
= 110
o
C: V
2
= 12,14 l; x
2
= 0,1863 mol K
2
= 0,8347
Nhn xt: Ta thy khi tng s mol N
2
O
4
phn hy tng v hng s cn bng cng tng phn ng
thu nhit
Cu 10: C cn bng: N
2
O
4
(K)
2NO
2
(K). Cho 18,4gam N
2
O
4
vo bnh dung tch l 5,904 lt
27
0
C. Lc cn bng p sut ca hn hp kh trong bnh l 1atm. Tnh p sut ring phn ca NO
2
v
N
2
O
4
lc cn bng. Nu gim p sut ca h lc cn bng xung bng 0,5 atm th p sut ring phn
ca NO
2
, N
2
O
4
lc ny l bao nhiu? Kt qu c ph hp nguyn l ca Le Chatelier khng ?
Gii: ) mol ( 2 , 0
92
4 , 18
n
4 2
O N
= =
N
2
O
4
2NO
2

Ban u 0,2 0
Cn bng 0,2 - x 2x
Tng s mol c trong h lc cn bng:
0,2 x + 2x = 0,2 + x
24 , 0
) 27 273 ( 082 , 0
904 , 5 1
RT
PV
x 2 , 0 =
+
= = + => x = 0,04
2
NO
n (lc cn bng) = 0,08 mol
4 2
O N
n (lc cn bng) = 0,2 0,04 = 0,16 mol
V s mol N
2
O
4
gp i s mol NO
2
nn p sut N
2
O
4
cng gp i ca NO
2

Vy: (atm)
3
2
P ), atm (
3
1
P
4 2 2
O N NO
= = ;
( )
6
1
P
P
K
3
2
2
2
1
O N
NO
P
4 2
2
= = =
t
2
NO
P khi cn bng l P th p sut ca N
2
O
4
khi cn bng l: 0,5 P. T :
0 5 , 0 P P 6
P 5 , 0
P
6
1
K
2
2
P
= +
= =
(atm) 283 , 0 P (atm); 217 , 0 P
5 2 2
O N NO
= =
Kt qu: 77 , 0
283 , 0
217 , 0
P
P
4 2
2
O N
NO
~ =
So snh vi trng hp trn: 5 , 0
2
3
3
1
P
P
4 2
2
O N
NO
= =
Vy: Khi p sut ca h xung th cn bng dch chuyn sang pha lm tng p sut ca h ln,
ngha l sang pha c nhiu phn t kh hn (ph hp nguyn l).

Cu 11: Cn bng: N
2
O
4(k)

2NO
2(k)

nhn c xut pht t a mol N
2
O
4
. Gi o l phn li ca N
2
O
4
.
a/ Tnh s mol NO
2
, N
2
O
4
v tng s mol ca h khi cn bng theo a v o ?
b/Tnh p sut ring phn ca NO
2
, N
2
O
4
khi cn bng theoo v p sut tng P ca h?Tnh K
P
theoo
v P?
c/ Nu ban u c 1,588 gam N
2
O
4
trong bnh 0,5 lt 25
0
C v P = 760 mmHg th o , p sut ring
phn ca NO
2
, N
2
O
4
lc cn bng l bao nhiu?
Gii: NO
2
=2ao , N
2
O
4
=a(1-o ), P
NO
2
=2o P/(1+o ), P
N2 O4
=(1-o )P/(1+o ).

P =4o
2
P/(1-o )(1+o ); o = 0,1587, K
P
=0,103, P
NO
2
=0,274 atm, P
N2 O4
= 0,726 atm.
Cu 12: Cn bng trong h H
2(k)

+ I
2(k)

2HI
(k)
c thit lp vi cc nng sau :
[H
2
] = 0,025 M ; [I
2
] = 0,005 M ; [HI] = 0,09M .
a) Khi h t trng thi cn bng p sut ca h bin i nh th no ?
b) Tnh hng s cn bng K
cb
v nng ban u ca I
2
v H
2
?
Gii: H
2
+ I
2

2HI
Trong qu trnh phn ng s mol kh khng i . Nu th tch v nhit khng i th p sut ca h
khng i K
cb
=
2
2 2
[HI]
[H ].[I ]
= 64,8 . T [HI] = 0,09 M=> [H
2
]
p
= [I
2
]
p
= 0,045M
=> Do nng ban u: [H
2
] = 0,07M; [I
2
] = 0,05M
Cu 13: Nung FeS
2
trong khng kh, kt thc phn ng thu c mt hn hp kh c thnh phn: 7
SO
2
; 10 O
2
; 83 N
2
theo s mol. un hn hp kh trong bnh kn (c xc tc) 800K, xy ra phn
ng:
2SO
2
+ O
2

2SO
3
Kp = 1,21.10
5
.
a) Tnh chuyn ho ( s mol) SO
2
thnh SO
3
800K, bit p sut trong bnh lc ny l 1 atm,
s mol hn hp kh ban u (khi cha un nng) l 100 mol.
b) Nu tng p sut ln 2 ln, tnh chuyn ho SO
2
thnh SO
3
, nhn xt v s chuyn dch cn
bng.
a) Cn bng: 2SO
2
+ O
2

2SO
3

Ban u: 7 10 0 (mol)
lc cn bng: (7-x) (10 - 0,5x) x (x: s mol SO
2
phn ng).
Tng s mol cc kh lc cn bng: 100 0,5x = n.
p sut ring ca cc kh:
2
SO
P = (7-x).
n
p
;
2
P
O
= (10 0,5x).
n
p
;
3
P
SO
= x .
n
p

Kp =
2 2
3
P . ) (P
) (P
2
2
O SO
SO
=
) 5 , 0 10 .( ) 7 (
) 5 , 0 100 (
2
2
x x
x x

= 1,21. 10
5

do K>> x ~ 7 Ta c :
5 , 6 . ) 7 (
5 , 96 . 49
2
x
= 1,21. 10
5
Gii c x = 6,9225.
Vy chuyn ha SO
2
SO
3
:
7
% 100 . 9225 , 6
= 98,89.
b) Nu p sut tng 2 ln tng t c: 7- x'=
-2
10 . 5 . 0,300 = 0,0548 x' = 6,9452.
chuyn ho SO
2
SO
3
: (6,9452 . 100)/7 = 99,21
Kt qu ph hp nguyn l Lsatlie: tng p sut phn ng chuyn theo chiu v pha c s phn t
kh t hn.
Bi 14: Xt qu trnh cn bng sau ti 686
o
C : CO
2
(k) + H
2
(k) CO (k) + H
2
O (k)
Nng cc cht ti cn bng ln lt bng [CO] = 0,050 M, [H
2
] = 0,045 M, [CO
2
] = 0,086 M v
[H
2
O] = 0,040 M. Nu tng nng CO
2
ln n gi tr 0,500 M (nhit khng i) th nng mi
cht cn bng mi c thit lp li bng bao nhiu ?
Hng s cn bng nng :
52 , 0
045 , 0 086 , 0
050 , 0 040 , 0
] H ][ CO [
] CO ][ O H [
K
2 2
2
C
=
= =
Thm CO
2
, cn bng chuyn di theo chiu thun :
CO
2
(k) + H
2
(k) CO (k) + H
2
O (k)
0,500 0,045 0,050 0,040
-x -x +x +x
0,500-x 0,045-x 0,050 +x 0,040 + x

T 52 , 0
) x 045 , 0 ( ) x 500 , 0 (
) x 050 , 0 ( ) x 040 , 0 (
] H ][ CO [
] CO ][ O H [
K
2 2
2
C
=

+ +
= =
0,48x
2
+ 0,373x 9,7.10
-3
= 0
x = 0,025M
Vy [CO
2
] = 0,48M, [H
2
] = 0,020M, [CO] = 0,075M v [H
2
O] = 0,065M.
Cu 15: Khi nung nng n nhit cao PCl
5
b phn li theo phng trnh
PCl
5
(k) PCl
3
(k) + Cl
2
(k)
1. Cho m gam PCl
5
vo mt bnh dung tch V, un nng bnh n nhit T (K) xy ra
phn ng phn li PCl
5
. Sau khi t ti cn bng p sut kh trong bnh bng p. Hy thit
lp biu thc ca Kp theo phn li o v p sut p. Thit lp biu thc ca kc theo o, m, V.
2. Trong th nghim 1 thc hin nhit T
1
ngi ta cho 83,300 gam PCl
5
vo bnh dung tch V
1
. Sau
khi t ti cn bng o c p bng 2,700 atm. Hn hp kh trong bnh c t khi so vi hiro bng
68,862. Tnh o v Kp.
3. Trong th nghim 2 gi nguyn lng PCl
5
v nhit nh th nghim 1 nhng thay dung tch l V
2

th o c p sut cn bng l 0,500 atm. Tnh t s
2
1
V
V
.
4. Trong th nghim 3 gi nguyn lng PCl
5
v dung tch bnh V
1
nh th nghim 1 nhng h nhit
ca bnh n T
3
= 0,9 T
1
th o c p sut cn bng l 1,944 atm. Tnh Kp v o. T cho bit
phn ng phn li PCl
5
thu nhit hay pht nhit. Cho: Cl = 35,453 ; P : 30,974 ; H = 1,008 ; Cc kh u
l kh l tng.
Li gii: 1. Thit lp biu thc cho Kp, Kc
PCl
5
(k)
PCl
3
(k) + Cl
2
(k)
ban u a mol
cn bng a x x x (mol)
Tng s mol kh lc cn bng : a + x = n
o =
x
a
; Khi lng mol:
5
PCl
M = 30,974 + 5 x 35,453 = 208,239 (g/mol)

3
PCl
M = 30,974 + 3 x 35,453 = 137,333 (g/mol)

2
Cl
M
= 70,906 (g/mol)

gam
208,239 gam/mol
m
= a mol PCl
5
ban u
*p sut ring phn lc cn bng ca mi kh:

5
PCl
P = p
a x
a x
+
trong
3
PCl
P
=
2
Cl
P
=
+
x
P
a x

Kp =
2 3
5
Cl PCl
PCl
P P
P
=
| |
|
+
\ .
| |
|
+
\ .
2
-
x
p
a x
a x
p
a x
=
( )

+
2
2
2
x
p
a x

+ | |
|
\ .
a x
a x

1
p

Kp =
+
2
( ) ( )
x p
a x a x
=
2
2 2
x
a x
p ; Kp =
2
2
2 2
2 2
x
a
p
a x
a a
=
o
o

2
2
1
p
* Kc = [PCl
5
] =
o (1 ) a
V
trong [PCl
3
] = [Cl
2
] =
o a
V

Kc =
| | | |
3 2
5
Cl
[ ]
PCl
PCl
=
( ) o
2
2
a
V

( ) o
1
V
a
=
o
o
2
(1 )
a
V
=
o
o
2

208, 239 (1 )
m
V


Hoc: Kp = Kc (RT)
V
V
kh
= 1
Kp = Kc (RT) pV = nRT = (a + x) RT RT =
+
pV
a x
=
o + (1 )
pV
a

Kp = Kc
+
pV
a x

o
o

2
1
p = Kc
+
pV
a x

Thay x = ao
o
o

2
2
1
p = Kc
o + (1 )
pV
a
Kc =
o o
o
+
2
2
(1 )
1
a
V

Kc =
( )
o o
o o
+
+
2
(1 )
1 (1- )
a
V
=
o
o
2
(1 )
a
V
=
o
o
2

208, 239 V (1 )
m

* Quan h Kp v Kc. T cch 1 : Kc = Kp
1
RT

Thay RT =
pV
a(1 ) o +
Kc = Kp
a(1 )
pV
o +
=
2
a(1 )
1 pV
p
o o
o
+
=
2
a
V(1 )
o
o

2. Th nghim 1 :
5
PCl
n
ban u = a =
83, 30 g
208,239 g/mol
= 0,400 mol
M ca hn hp cn bng: 68,826 2,016 = 138,753 g/mol
Tng s mol kh lc cn bng: n
1
= a (l + o
1
) =
83, 30 g
138, 753 g/mol
= 0,600 mol
n
1
= a (1 + o
1
) = 0,400 (1 + o
1
) = 0,600 o
1
= 0,500
* Tm Kp ti nhit T
1
: Kp =
2
2

1
o
o

p =
2
2
(0, 5)
1 (0, 5)

2,70 = 0,900
3. Th nghim 2: - Gi nguyn nhit Kp khng i.
- Gi nguyn s mol PCl
5
ban u: a = 0,400mol.
- p sut cn bng P
2
= 0,500 atm.
Ta c
2
2
2
2
1
o
o

p
2
= Kp =
2
2
2
2
1
o
o

0,500 = 0,900 o
2
2
= 0,64286 o
2
= 0,802
Tng s mol kh lc cn bng: n
2
= 0,400 + (1+ o
2
) ~ 0,721 (mol).
* Th tch bnh trong TN 2: V
2
=
2 1
2
n RT
p
so vi V
1
=
1 1
1
n RT
p

2
1
V
V
=
2 1
1 2
n p
n p
=
0, 721 2, 700
0, 600 0, 500
= 6,486 (ln)
4. Th nghim 3:
- Thay i nhit Kp thay i.
- Gi nguyn s mol PCl
5
ban u a = 0,400 mol v V
1

- p sut cn bng P
3
thay i do: nhit gim (T
3
= 0,9 T
1
), tng s mol kh thay
i (n
3
= n
1
).
P
3
= 1,944 atm ; Tnh o
3
:
n
3
= a (1+ o
3
) = 0,400 (1+ o
3
) ; p
3
V
1
= n
3
RT
3
= 0,9 n
3
RT
1
; P
1
V
1
= n
1
RT
1
.

3 3
1 1
P 0, 9n
P n
=
3
0, 400 (1 ) 0, 9 1, 944
2, 700 0, 600
o +
= o
3
= 0,200 n
3
= 0,48 mol
* K
P
(T
3
) =
2
3
3 2
3
p
1
o
o

=
2
2
(0, 200)
1 (0, 200)

1,944 = 0,081
* Khi h nhit , Kp gim cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch. Chiu nghch l
chiu pht nhit Chiu thun l chiu thu nhit.
Bi 16: Cho cn bng ho hc:
2NO
2

N
2
O
4
kJ H 04 , 58 = A

Cn bng s chuyn dch nh th no , gii thch, khi:
1/ Tng nhit .
2/ Tng p sut.
3/ Thm kh tr Ar trong 2 trng hp: a) Gi p sut khng i.
b) Gi th tch khng i.
4/ Thm xc tc.
Gii: 2NO
2
N
2
O
4
58, 04 H kJ A = (phn ng ta nhit)
a) Tng nhit cn bng chuyn sang tri theo chiu phn ng thu nhit.
b) Tng p sut cn bng chuyn sang phi theo chiu lm gim s mol.
c) Thm kh tr :
* p sut khng i Th tch tng gim p sut ring phn ca cc kh .
K
p
=
2 4
2
2
N O
NO
P
P
=
2
2 4
2
N O
NO
n
n
.
V
RT
khi thm kh tr Q =
2
2 4
2
N O
NO
n
n
.
/
V
RT

v V
/
>V Q>K
p
vy Q K
p
: s mol N
2
O
4
phi gim cn bng chuyn theo chiu t phi
sang tri ( to NO
2
)
* Th tch khng i p sut ring phn ca cc kh khng i cn bng khng chuyn dch.
d) Xc tc tm tng hoc gim tc c phn ng thun v nghch khng lm chuyn dch cn
bng.
Cu 17: 1) Cn bng: N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k) 2NH
3
(k) s chuyn dch chiu no khi
(a) thm Ar vo hn hp cn bng nhng gi cho th tch khng i?
(b) thm Ar vo hn hp cn bng nhng gi cho p sut khng i?
Gii: (a) Ta c:
2
n
2
3
H N
2
NH
3
H N
2
NH
P
RT
V
K
RT
V
n n
n
P P
P
K
2 2
3
2 2
3
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
= = . V V, K
P
v T = const nn const
n n
n
K
3
H N
2
NH
n
2 2
3
= = .
Nh vy c s tng p sut ca h nhng khng c s chuyn dch cn bng.
(b)
2
n P
RT
V
K K |
.
|
\
|
= Vi T, P v K
p
= const, khi thm Ar lm V tng nn K
n
phi gim. S thm
agon lm cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch (chiu lm phn li NH
3
).
Ch thch: Trong trng hp ny, ta khng th da vo nguyn l Le Chatelier d on chiu din
bin ca phn ng.
2) Phn ng nhit phn CaCO
3
c tin hnh trong 1 bnh kn. Khi p sut ca CO
2
trong bnh ln
n 0,236 atm th khng thay i na mc d trong bnh vn cn CaCO
3
v c CaO.
1) Tnh Kp, Kc ca phn ng 800
o
C
2) Trong bnh dung tch 10 lt, nu ta b vo 5 gam CaCO
3
v 2 gam CaO, nung nng bnh n
800
o
C t cn bng th sau khi cn bng, khi lng mi cht rn trong bnh l bao nhiu
gam?
P N 1) CaCO
3 (r)
= CaO
(r)
+ CO
2 (k)
(*)
Ti 800
o
C khi
2
CO
P = 0,236 th khng thay i na t cn bng
Nn Kp =
2
CO
P = 0,236 (atm) ; n = n
kh sau
- n
kh trc

3
n
10 68 , 2
) 273 800 (
273
4 , 22
236 , 0
(RT)
Kp
Kc

A
=
+
= = (mol/lt)
Kc = [CO
2
] = 2,6810
-3
(mol/lt)
2) V nung nng bnh n 800
o
C: do nhit khng i nn Kc khng i
Kc = 2,6810
-3
(mol/lt)
2
CO
n = 2,6810
-3
10 = 2,6810
-2
(mol)
t phng trnh (*)
3
CaCO
n nhit phn =
2
CO
n v to ra 2,6810
-2
mol CaO

3
CaCO
m nhit phn = 2,6810
-2
100 = 2,68 (gam)

Vy trong bnh cn li lng cht rn l:
3
CaCO
m = 5 2,68 = 2,32 (gam)

CaO
m = 2,6810
-2
56 + 2 = 3,5008 (gam)
Bi 18: Ngi ta trn CO v hi H
2
O ti nhit 1000K vi t l 1 : 1. Tnh thnh phn ca h lc cn
bng, bit rng:
2 2 2
2H O 2H O + c pk
p1
= 20,113

2 2
2CO 2CO O + c pk
p2
= 20,400
T cc d kin bi ta c:

2 2 P3
P,2
2 2 2 P4 P,1
1 1
CO O CO K
2 K
1
H O H O K K
2
+ =
+ =

20,113
0,1435 P1
2 2 2 P P3 P4 20,400
P2
K 10
CO H O CO H K K .K 10 1, 392
K 10
+ + = = = = ~
Gi s ban u ly 1 mol CO v 1 mol H
2
O

2 2 2 P
CO H O CO H K 1, 392 + + =
Ban u 1mol 1mol
Lc cu bng 1-a(mol) (1-a)mol a mol a mol

2 2
2
2
CO H
P
2
CO H O
a a
P. P
P .P
a
2 2
K
1 a 1 a
P .P (1 a)
P. P
2 2
= = =

vi P l p sut chung

P
a
K 1,1798
1 a
= =
=> a 0, 54mol ~
2 2
a x 100%
%H %CO 27%
2
= = = ;
2
(1 a)x100%
%CO %H O 23%
2
= = =
Cu 17: H
2
(kh) + I
2
(kh)
2HI(kh)
Thc hin phn ng tng hp hiro ioua trong mt bnh kn, dung tch 2 lit nhit T, c hng s
cn bng K = 36.
a, Nu nng ban u ca H
2
v I
2
bng nhau v bng 0,02M th nng ca cc cht ti thi im
cn bng l bao nhiu?
b, cn bng trn, ngi ta thm vo bnh 0,06gam hiro th cn bng cng b ph v v hnh thnh
cn bng mi. Tnh khi lng hiro ioua cn bng cui?
a) H
2
(kh) + I
2
(rn) 2HI(kh)
Trc phn ng: 0,02M 0,02M 0
Phn ng: x x 2x
Cn li: 0,02 x 0,02 x 2x
Vy :
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
36 2 6 0, 02 0, 015
0, 02 . 0, 02
x
x x x
x x
= = =

Kt lun: cn bng: [HI] = 0,03M, [H
2
] = [I
2
] = 0,005M
b) S mol H
2
thm: 0,06 : 2 = 0,03 (mol) nng tng thm: 0,03: 2 = 0,015M
H
2
(kh) + I
2
(kh) 2HI(kh)
Ban u: 0,02M 0,005M 0,03M
Phn ng: a a 2a
Cn bng: 0,02 a 0,005 a 0,03 + 2a
( )
( )( )
2
0, 03 2
36
0, 02 0, 005
a
K
a a
+
= =

a = 2,91.10
-3
v 2,89.10
-2
M.
V a < 0,005 nn ch nhn a = 2,91.10
-3

Khi lng HI cn bng cui: (0,03 + 2. 0,0029). 2. 128 = 9,165(gam)

Cu 18: Trong bnh kn dung tch khng i cha 35,2x (g) oxi v 160x (g) SO
2
. Kh SO
2
136,5
o
C
c xc tc V
2
O
5
. un nng bnh mt thi gian, a v nhit ban u, p sut bnh l P
. Bit p sut
bnh ban u l 4,5 atm v hiu sut phn ng l H%.
a, Lp biu thc tnh p sut sau phn ng P
v t khi hi d ca hn hp kh sau phn ng so vi

khng kh, theo H.
b, Tm khong xc nh P
, d?
c, Tnh dung tch bnh trong trng hp x = 0,25?
Hng dn gii:

2
35, 2
1,1 ( )
32
O bdau
x
x mol n = =
;
2
160
2,5 ( )
64
SO bdau
x
x mol n = =

2SO
2
+ O
2
2SO
3

Ban u: 2,5x 1,1x 0
Phn ng: 2,2xH 1,1xH 2,2xH
Sau phn ng: (2,5x 2,2xH) (1,1x 1,1xH) 2,2xH
n
2
= 2,5x - 2,2xH + 1,1x - 1,1xH + 2,2xH = x(3,6 - 1,1H) (mol)
Trng hp bi ton ng V, ng T.
( )
( )
1 2
2 1
3, 6 1,1 4,5
' 1, 25 3, 6 1,1
' 3, 6
x H
n n P P
P H
P n n x
= = = =

b, Khi H = 0 P = 4,5 (atm) ; H = 1 P = 3,125 (atm)
Vy trong thi gian phn ng th 3,125 < P < 4,5 . T khi hi so vi khng kh:
160 35, 2 195, 2
(3, 6 1,1 ) 3, 6 1,1
sau truoc
sau
sau truoc
m m x x
M
n n x H H
+
= = = =

;
( )
/
195, 2 6, 731
29 3, 6 1,1 29 3, 6 1,1
sau
hhsau kk
M
H H
d = = =

Khi H = 0 d = 1,87 ; H = 1 d = 2,69 ; Vy 1,87 < d < 2,69
c, p dng cng thc: PV = nRT ; P
u
= 4,5atm; n
u
= 3,6x = 3,6.0,25 = 0,9(mol)

( )
22, 4
0,9. 273 136,5
273
6,72( )
4,5
nRT
V l
P
+
= = =

Cu 19: Trong mt bnh kn A dung tch 1 lt 500
0
C, hng s cn bng ca phn ng tng hp HI t
H
2
v I
2
bng 46.
a)Tnh nng mol cc cht trng thi cn bng? Bit ban u trong bnh A c 1mol H
2
v 1mol I
2

b) Nu ban u cho 2 mol HI vo bnh A nhit 500
0
C th nng cc cht lc cn bng l bao
nhiu?
c) Nu h ang trng thi cn bng cu a, ta thm vo h 1,5 mol H
2
v 2,0 mol HI th cn bng
dch chuyn theo chiu no?
a) Cn bng : H
2
+ I
2
2HI
Ban u 1M 1M 0
Phn ng x x 2x
Cn bng 1-x x 2x
Ta c biu thc cn bng : K
c
=
| |
| || | ( )
46
x 1
x 4
I H
HI
2
2
2 2
2
=
=
(iu kin x <1)
Gii c x = 0,772M
b) Cn bng : 2HI H
2
+ I
2

Ban u 2M 0 0
Phn ng 2y y y
Cn bng 2-2y y y
'
C
K =
| || |
| | ( )
2
2 2
2 2
c
I H
1 y
K
2 2y HI
= =
=
1
46
; Gii c y = 0,228M ;Vy [ HI] = 2-2y = 1,544M
[H
2
] =[I
2
] = y = 0,228M
c) Cn bng : H
2
+ I
2
2HI
Khi thm vo h 1,5 mol H
2
v 2,0 mol HI th :

v
t
= k
t
[H
2
][I
2
] = k
t
1,728.0,228 = k
t
.0,394 ; v
n
= k
n
[ HI]
2
= k
n
(3,544)
2
= k
n
.12,56
44 , 1
56 , 12
394 , 0
. 46
56 , 12
394 , 0
. k
56 , 12
394 , 0
.
k
k
v
v
C
n
t
n
t
= = = =

v
t
> v
n
do cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun.
Cu 20 Hng s cn bng ca phn ng :
H
2
(k) + I2(k) 2HI (k) 600
0
C bng 64
a. Nu trn H
2
v I
2
theo t l mol 2:1 v un nng hn hp ti 600
0
C th c bao nhiu phn trm I
2

tham gia phn ng ?
b.) Cn trn H
2
v I
2
theo t l nh th no c 99% I
2
tham gia phn ng (600
0
C)
a. H
2
(k) + I
2
(k)
2HI (k)
Ban u: 2mol 1mol
Phn ng: x x 2x
[] 2-x 1-x 2x
64
) 1 )( 2 (
) 2 (
2
=

=
x x
x
K
c

| |
| || |
2 2
2
I H
HI
K
C
=
x
1
= 2,25(loi) ; x
2
= 0,95 (nhn) => 95% I
2
tham gia phn ng

b. H
2
(k) + I
2
(k) 2HI (k)
n 1
n-0,99 0,01 1,98
n: nng ban u ca H
2

( )
( )( )
2
C
1,98
K 64
n 0,99 0,01
= =
2
=> n 7 ~ => cn trn H
2
v I
2
theo t l 7:1

Cu 21: 27
0
C, 1atm N
2
O
4
phn hu theo phn ng
N
2
O
4 (kh)
2NO
2

(kh)
vi tc phn hu l 20%
a. Tnh hng s cn bng K
p
.
b. phn hu mt mu N
2
O
4 (kh)
c khi lng 69 gam, cha trong mt bnh c th tch 20 (lt)
27
0
C
Gii: Gi phn hu ca N
2
O
4
27
0
C, 1 atm l o , s mol ca N
2
O
4
ban u l n
Phn ng: N
2
O
4 (k)
2NO
2

(k)

Ban u: n 0
Phn ly: no 2no
Cn bng n(1-o ) 2no
Tng s mol hn hp lc cn bng: n = n(1+o )
Nn p sut ring phn ca cc kh trong hn hp lc cn bng:
P
N
2
O
4

= ((1-o )/(1+o ))P; P
NO
2
= ((2o )/(1+o ))P
a. K
P
= P
2
NO
2

/ P
N
2
O
4

= [((2o )/(1+o ))P]
2
/((1-o )/(1+o ))P = [4o
2
/(1-o
2
)]P
vi P = 1atm, o = 20% hay o = 0,2 K
P
= 1/6 atm
b. n N
2
O
4
= 69/92 = 0,75
Gi phn hu ca N
2
O
4
trong iu kin mi l o
Phn ng: N
2
O
4 (k)
2NO
2

(k)

Ban u: 0,75 0
Phn ly: 0,75o 1,5o
Cn bng 0,75(1-o ) 1,5o
Tng s mol hn hp lc cn bng: n = 0,75(1+o )
p sut hn hp kh lc cn bng: P = (n.R.T)/V = (0,75 (1+o ).0,082.300)/20 = 0,9225(1+o ).
V K
P
= const nn: Theo bin i tng t nh trn ta c: K
P
= (4o '
2
/1-o '
2
)P=1/6
Nn: (4o
2
/1-o
2
).0,9225(1+o ) = 1/6 o ~ 0,19
Cu 22: nhit T, phn ng gia CO
2
v C (rn) nng , d to thnh CO c hng s cn bng
K
P
bng 10.

a). Xc nh nng phn mol ca cc kh trong hn hp ti trng thi cn bng, bit p sut
chung ca hn hp ti trng thi cn bng l 4atm.
b). Xc nh p sut ring ca CO
2
lc cn bng.
c). Xc nh p sut chung ca hn hp sao cho lc cn bng CO
2
chim 6% v th tch.
p n :
a). Xc nh nng phn mol ca cc kh trong hn hp ti trng thi cn bng:
CO
2
(k) + C (r) 2CO(k) K
P
=10
Ban u: x mol
Ti cn bng: (x a) mol 2a mol
Tng s mol kh ti cn bng: x a + 2a = x + a (mol)
10
) a x )( a x (
P a 4
P
a x
a x
P
a x
a 2
P
P
K
2
2
CO
2
CO
p
2
=
+
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
= =

10 P 4
10
x
10 P 4
x 10
a
P
10
a x
a 4
2
2 2
2
+
=
+
= =
= 0,62x
Nng phn mol ca CO
2
= =
+
=
+
x 62 , 0 x
x 62 , 0 x
a x
a x
0,234
Nng phn mol ca CO = =
+
=
+ x 62 , 0 x
x 24 , 1
a x
a 2
0,766
b). Xc nh p sut ring ca CO
2
ti cn bng: P
i
= N
i
P
p sut ring ca CO
2
= = |
.
|
\
|
+
P
a x
a x
0,234 x 4 = 0,936atm
c). Xc nh p sut chung ca hn hp sao cho lc cn bng CO
2
chim 6% v th tch:
94 , 0
n
n
06 , 0
n
n
V
V
hh
CO
hh
CO
hh
CO
2 2
= = =
atm 679 , 0
94 , 0
06 , 0 x 10
P 10
P 06 , 0
) P 94 , 0 (
K
2
2
p
= = = =
Vy % v th tch ca CO
2
ti cn bng l 6% th p sut chung ti cn bng phi l 0,679atm.
Cu 23: Cho cn bng: PCl
5 (K)
PCl
3(K)
+ Cl
2(K)

1) Trong mt bnh kn dung tch Vl cha m(g) PCl
5
, un nng bnh n nhit T(
0
K) xy ra phn
ng phn li PCl
5
. Sau khi t ti cn bng p sut kh trong bnh l P. Hy thit lp biu thc ca
K
p
theo phn li o v p sut P.
2) Ngi ta cho vo bnh dung tch Vl 83,4g PCl
5
v thc hin phn ng nhit T
1
(
0
K).Sau khi
t ti cn bng o c p sut 2,7 atm. Hn hp kh trong bnh c t khi so vi hir bng 69,5.
Tnh o v K
p
.
3) Trong mt th nghim khc gi nguyn lng PCl
5
nh trn, dung tch bnh vn l V (l) nhng h
nhit ca bnh n T
2
= 0,9T
1
th p sut cn bng o c l 1,944 atm. Tnh K
p
v o. T
cho bit phn ng phn li PCl
5
thu nhit hay pht nhit.
1) PCl
5 (K)
PCl
3(K)
+ Cl
2(K)

TTCB 1-o o o
p sut: P .
1
1
o
o
+

o
o
+ 1
.P

o
o
+ 1
.P

Ta c: K
p
= P
P
P P
P
.P P
5
2 3
PCl
Cl PCl
.
1
.
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
2
2
=
+
+ +
= ; Vy: K
p
= P .
1
2
2
o
o


2) Theo :
5
PCl
n
ban u

= 4 , 0
5 , 208
4 , 83
= mol, P = 2,7atm
Tng s mol kh ca hn hp ti TTCB: n
S
. ;
2
S/H
d = 69,5
S M = 69,2.2 = 139.
p dng BTKL: m
S
=
5
PCl
m
ban u

= 83,4 (g) n
S
=
139
4 , 83
= 0,6 mol.
PCl
5 (K)
PCl
3(K)
+ Cl
2(K)
B 0,4
TTCB (0,4-x) x x
n
S
= 0,4 - x + x + x = 0,6 x = 0,2 ; Do : o =
0,4
0,2
0,4
x
= = 0,5.
Vy: K
p
= P .
1
2
2
o
o
=
( )
( )
9 , 0 7 , 2 .
5 , 0 1
5 , 0
2
2
=

3) Gi p sut ca h ti nhit T
1
l P
1
= 2,7atm, s mol n
1
= n
S
= 0,6 mol.
p sut ca h ti nhit T
2
= 0,9 T
1
l P
2
, s mol n
2
.
Vi P
2
= 1,944 atm.
Ta c:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
RT n V P
RT n V P
=
=

2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
RT n
RT n
V P
V P
=
1 2
1 1
2
1
R.0,9.T n
RT n
V P
V P
=
n
2
=
2,7.0,9
0,6.1,944
.0,9 P
P n
1
2 1
= = 0,48.

PCl
5 (K)

PCl
3(K)
+ Cl
2(K)

B 0,4
TTCB (0,4-x') x' x'
n
2
= 0,4 - x' + x' + x' = 0,48 x = 0,08.
Do : o' =
0,4
0,08
0,4
x
= = 0,2. (0,5)
Vy: K
p
' = P .
' 1
'
2
2
o
o
=
( )
( )
081 , 0 944 , 1 .
2 , 0 1
2 , 0
2
2
=

V gim nhit th phn li PCl
5
gim, do phn ng phn li PCl
5
l phn ng thu nhit.
Cu 25: Di tc dng ca nhit, PCl
5
b phn tch thnh PCl
3
v Cl
2
theo phn ng cn bng
PCl
5
(K)
PCl
3
(K) + Cl
2
(K)
273
0
C

v di p sut 1atm ngi ta nhn thy rng hn hp cn bng c khi lng ring l 2,48
g/l. Tm K
C
v K
P
ca phn ng trn. Cho R = 0,0,821 lt . atm . mol
-1
.
-1

Gii: . Gi x =
5
PCl
n , y =
3 3
Cl PCl
n = c trong 1 lt hn hp lc cn bng 273
0
C, 1 atm. Tng s mol
kh trong hn hp l (x + 2y) mol => PV = (x + 2y) RT
=> x + 2y = 02231 , 0
546 . 0821 , 0
1
= =
RT
PV
mol (1)
S mol PCl
5
ban u l (x + y) theo nh lut bo ton khi lng.
Khi lng PCl
5
ban u = khi lng hn hp sau phn ng = 2,48g
=> x + y = 0119 , 0
5 , 208
48 , 2
= mol (2)
(1) , (2) -> x = 0,00149 ; y = 0,01041
[PCl
5
] = [Cl
2
] = 0,00149 mol/l ; [PCl
3
] = [Cl
2
] = 0,01041 mol/l

728 , 0 = =
] [PCl
] ][Cl [PCl
K
5
2 3
C
=> K
p
= K
c
. RT = 3,26
Cu 26 Sunfuryl iclorua SO
2
Cl
2
l ho cht ph bin trong phn ng clo ho. Ti 350
o
C, 2 atm phn
ng
SO
2
Cl
2
(kh) = SO
2
(kh) + Cl
2
(kh) (1) C Kp = 50 .
a) Hy cho bit n v ca tr s v gii thch: hng s cn bng Kp ny phi c n v nh vy.
b) Tnh phn trm theo th tch SO
2
Cl
2
(kh) cn li khi (1) t ti cn bng iu kin cho.
c) Ban u dng 150 mol SO
2
Cl
2
(kh), tnh s mol Cl
2
(kh) thu c khi (1) t ti cn bng.
Cc kh c coi l kh l tng.
Cch gii:
1. a) Gi s mol SO
2
Cl
2
ban u l 1, phn li l o , ta c:
SO
2
Cl
2
(kh) = SO
2
(kh) + Cl
2
(kh) (1)
Ban u 1 0 0
Phn li o
Cn bng (1 o) o o
pSO
2
(atm) pCl
2
(atm)
Kp = = 50 atm (2)
pSO
2
Cl
2
(atm)
b) V cc kh u l kh l tng nn pi = P . xi (3)
ni
m xi = (4)
nj
y : nSO
2
= nCl
2
= o ; nSO
2
Cl
2
= (1 o) ; cn nj = 1 + o (5)
b) T hp (5) v (4) , (3) v (2) ta c:

S mol SO
2
Cl
2
cn l (1 o) ~ 0,0194 (mol)
0,0194
Do SO
2
Cl
2
cn li chim 100% ~ 0,98%
1,9804
y l % theo s mol, cng l % theo th tch. Vy khi (1) t ti cn bng SO
2
Cl
2
cn li
chim 0,98%v s mol hay th tch ca h.
(Hoc SO
2
Cl
2
(kh) = SO
2
(kh) + Cl
2
(kh) Kp = 50 (1)
2 atm
2 - (P + p) p p
=>
2
2
p
50 p 100p 100 0
2 2p
= + =
=>
p
SO
2
Cl
2
= 2 - 2 0,9902 = 0,0196 (atm)
p
SO
2
Cl
2

= P . n
SO
2
Cl
2
=>

n
SO
2
Cl
2

= 0,0196 : 2 = 0,0098 hay 0,98%
% theo s mol cng l % theo th tch. Vy khi (1) t ti cn bng SO
2
Cl
2
cn li chim 0,98%v s
mol hay th tch ca h.)
c) Ban u dng 150 mol (kh), tnh s mol Cl
2
(kh) thu c khi (1) t ti cn bng:
Theo (1) ta c: nSO
2
= nCl
2
= nSO
2
Cl
2
98,06 = 150 0,9806
nCl
2
= 147,09 mol
Cu 27: I.1. 27
o
C, 1atm, 20% N
2
O
4
chuyn thnh NO
2
. Hi 27
o
C, 0,1 atm, c bao nhiu % N
2
O
4

chuyn thnh NO
2
? Nhn xt ?
I.2. Tnh o khi cho 69 gam N
2
O
4
vo 1 bnh 20 lt 27
o
C.
2
O
4
v 30 gam Ar vo 1 bnh 20 lt 27
o
C.
2
O
4
v 30 gam Ar vo 1 bnh 40 lt 27
o
C. Cho nhn xt v gii
thch.
2
2
1
. P Kp

=
50 2
50
Kp P
Kp
+
=
+
=
9806 , 0 =

I.5. Ngi ta o t khi i vi khng kh ca mt hn hp kh N
2
O
4
, NO
2
p sut 1 atm v ti
cc nhit khc nhau. Kt qu thu c l:
t
o
(C) 45 60 80 100 140 180
d 2,34 2,08 1,80 1,68 1,59 1,59
Tnh o cc nhit trn. Cho bit chiu thun l chiu thu nhit hay to nhit?
Gii:
I.1. N
2
O
4
(k) 2NO
2
(k) Tng s mol kh P
h

Ban u n n P
o

Bin i no 2no
Cn bng n(1-o) 2no n(1+o) P
cb

( )
( )
cb O N
P .
1 n
- 1 n
P
4 2
o
o
+
= ;
( )
cb NO
P .
1 n
n 2
P
2
o
o
+
=
K
P
=
cb
2
2
O N
2
NO
P .
1
4

P
P
4 2
2
o
o
=
-Khi P
cb
= 1 atm, o = 0,2 K
P
= 0,167
-Khi P
cb
= 0,1 atm o = 0,543 = 54,3%
+ Nhn xt: Khi P
cb
ca h gim, o tng tc l cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun, ph hp vi
nguyn l Lechatelier.
I.2. 0,0375
20
0,75

V
n
C
4 2
O N
= = = (M)
P
o
= CRT = 0,0375.0.082.300 = 0,9225 (atm)
N
2
O
4
(k) 2NO
2
(k)
Ban u P
o

Bin i P
o
o 2P
o
o
Cn bng P
o
(1-o) 2P
o
o
K
P
=
o
2
2
O N
2
NO
P .
1
4

P
P
4 2
2
o
o
= o = 0,191 = 19,1%
I.3. Mc d thm 1 lng kh Ar lm p sut tng qut tng gp i tuy nhin do th tch bnh
khng i nn
4 2
O N
C khng i P
o
(N
2
O
4
) khng i, m K
p
cng khng i (v nhit khng
i).
o = 0,191 = 19,1%
I.4. Tnh tng t cu I.2 ta c o = 0,259 = 25,9%
+ Nhn xt: o tng, cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. V: p sut tng qut ca h khng i
nhng p sut cn bng gy ra bi N
2
O
4
, NO
2
li gim cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun.
I.5.
29
M
d
hh
hh/kk
=
( ) o +
= =
1 n
n.M
29d M
4 2
O N
hh (p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng).
1 -
29d
M

4 2
O N
= o
t
o
45 60 80 100 140 180
d 2,34 2,08 1,80 1,68 1,59 1,59
o 0,356 0,525 0,762 0,888 0,995 0,995
+ Nhn xt: nhit tng, o tng cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. Theo nguyn l
Lechatelier, chiu thun l chiu thu nhit.
CAU 28: nhiet o xa c nh va d i ap sua t 1atm, o phan li cua N
2
O
4
thanh NO
2
bang 11%.
a. Tnh hang so can ba ng K
p
cu a phan ng nay.
b. o phan li se thay oi nh the nao khi ap sua t giam t 1atm xuong ti 0,8atm.
c. e cho o pha n li giam xuong ti 8% th phai nen ho n hp kh ti ap suat na o? Ket qua nhan
c co phu hp vi nguyen l chuye n dch can ba ng Le Chatelier kho ng? V sao?
CA U II: (4 iem)

a/ N
2
O
4

2NO
2
1 - o 2o
Co : n
= 2o + 1 - o = 1 + o
P
NO2 = P
xNO2 = P [2:(1+o)]
P
N2O4 = P
xN2O4 = P [(1-o) : (1+o)] ; K
p
= 4o
2
: (1-o
2
) . Vi o = 11% K
p
= 0,049.
b/ 0,049 = 4o
2
P : (1-o
2
)
Vi P = 0,8 o = (0,0612 : 4,0612)
1/2
= 0,123.

Vay khi P giam t 1 0,8 atm, o phan li tang t 11% len 12,3%.
c/ Vi o = 0,08 th 0,049 = (4 . 0,08
2
: 1 0,08
2
) . P
P = 1,9 atm.
Khi P tang t 1 len 1,9 atm. Can ba ng chuyen dch sang tra i, ieu nay phu hp vi nguyen l
Le Chatelier. V khi tang P, can bang chuyen dch sang pha lam giam so mol kh.
Cu 29: Tnh phn li ca N
2
O
4
25
o
C, 1atm. Bit s phn li xy ra theo phn ng:
N
2
O
4
2NO
2

Khi cho 1,6 gam N
2
O
4
phn li trong 1 bnh kn thu 500ml 760 mmHg.
N
2
O
4

2NO
2

Ban u a mol
P oa 2oa
[ ] a(1- o) 2oa
-S mol N
2
O
4
cho vo bnh a =
92
6 , 1
= 0,0174 mol
-S mol hn hp sau = a(1 + o) =
298 .
273
4 , 22
5 , 0 . 1
RT
PV
= = 0,02045
a(1 + o) = 0,02045 o = 0,175 => phn li = 17,5 %
Cu 30: Cho hn hp kh A hm H
2
v CO c cng s mol. Ngi ta mun iu ch H
2
i t hn hp
A bng cch chuyn ha CO theo phn ng:
CO
(K)
+ H
2
O
(K)
CO
2(K)
+ H
2(K)

Hng s cn bng Kc ca phn ng nhit th nghim khng i (t
0
C) bng 5. T l s mol
ban u ca CO v H
2
O bng 1:n
Gi a l % s mol CO b chuyn ha thnh CO
2
.
1. Hy thit lp biu thc quan h gia n, a v Kc.
2. Cho n = 3, tnh % th tch CO trong hp cht kh cui cng (tc trng thi cn bng).
3. Mun % th tch CO trong hn hp kh cui cng nh hn 1% th n phi c gi tr bao nhiu.
1. Xt cn bng: CO + H
2
O CO
2
+ H
2

Trc phn ng 1 n 0 1
Phn ng a a a a
Sau phn ng 1-a n-a a 1+a
Tng s mol sau phn ng : (1-a) + (n-a) + a + (1+a) = n + 2
Kc =
| || |
| || | ) )( 1 (
) 1 (
0
2
2 2
a n a
a a
H CO
H CO

+
=

2. V ta c % th tch CO trong hn hp x=
N
a 1
(N = n+2)
Khi n = 3 thay N vo Kc, thay s vo, rt gn : 100x
2
+ 65x 2 = 0
Gii phng trnh: x = 2,94%
3. Mun x = 1% thay a vo 01 , 0
1
=
N
a
v thay tip Kc ta c phng trnh. 5,04 N
2
12N 200 = 0

Gii phng trnh: N = 7,6 tc n = 5,6
Vy % V
CO
trong hn hp < 1% th n phi c quan h ln hn 5,6.
Cu 31:Cho 1 mol HI vo 1 bnh kn.un nng bnh n nhit T. Khi phn ng cn bng, s mol
HI l 0.8 ( mol). Nu cho 0,2mol H
2
v 0,4mol I
2
vo 1 bnh ri un nng n T. Hi khi phn ng cn
bng, s mol mi kh trong bnh l bao nhiu? Tnh hiu sut phn ng to thnh HI ?
- Gi K l hng s cn bng ca phn ng 2HI H
2
+ I
2
(1)
Theo ra ta c, n
HI p..
= 1-0,8 =0,2(mol) . Theo p.. (1), suy ra n
H2
= n
I2
= 0,1(mol)
2HI H
2
+ I
2

Ban u 1(mol)
P.. : 0,2(mol) 0,1(mol) 0,1(mol)
Cn bng : 0,8(mol) 0,1(mol) 0,1(mol)
[ ] : 0,8/V 0,1/V 0,1/V
Vy K = [(0,1/V).(0,1/V)]/ (0,8/V)
2
= 1/64
Suy ra, p (2) : I
2
+ H
2
2HI c hng s cn bng K' = 1/K = 64.
- Gi x l s mol H2 tham gia phn ng (2) t cn bng : ( iu kin x <0,2 )
H
2
+ I
2
2HI K'
Ban u 0,2 0,4
Phn ng x x 2x
Cn bng 0,2-x 0,4-x 2x
Ta c K' = [HI]
2
/[H
2
].[I
2
] <=> 64 = [(2x/V')
2
] / [(0,2-x)/V'. (0,4-x)/V']
Gii c x = 0,189 =>Theo gi thit n
I2 dng
> n
H2 dng

Theo phn ng (2), n
I2 p..
= nH2 p.. nn hiu sut phn ng (2) c tnh theo H
2

p.. = (0,189/0,2) 100% = 94,5%
Cu 32: . Cho cn bng
(K)
2
2SO +
(K)
2
O

(K)
3
2SO AH < 0
a. Xac nh chiu chuyn dch cn bng khi: Tng nhit cua h, bm thm hn hp CO
2
, N
2
vao h,
thm CO vao h.
b. un nong hn hp co 2 mol SO
2
va 1 mol O
2
trong bnh kn co th tch 4 lt t
o
C co mt xuc tac
V
2
O
5
. Sau 1 thi gian h at n trang thai cn bng. Bit ap sut cua hn hp u va ap sut hn hp
sau phan ng t
o
C la P va P' (atm). Xac nh gii han cua t s
P
P'

Giai:. a) - Khi tng nhit cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch
- Khi thm CO
2
, N
2
vao h tng ap sut cua h nn cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun
- Khi thm CO vao h CO tac dung vi O
2
lam nng O
2
+ cn bng chuyn theo chiu nghch

b)
(k)
2
2SO +
(k)
2
O
(k)
3
SO AH < 0
b/u : 2 mol 1 mol 0 mol
p/ng : xmol
2
x
mol xmol
c/bng : (2 - x)
mol
(1 -
2
x
)
mol
x mol
n
t
= 2 + 1 = 3 mol ; n
s
= 2 - x + 1 -
2
x
+ x = 3 -
2
x
mol
s
t
P
P
=
s
t
n
n

P
P'
=
3
2
x
- 3
V 2 > x > 0
3
2
s
P
P'
s 1
Cau 33: 817
0
C hang so ca n bang K
p
cua phan ng gia CO
2
va C
(r)
d e tao thanh CO bang 10.
Xac nh :
a/ Phan mol cua cac kh trong hon hp luc can bang, khi ap sua t chung bang 4

b/ Ap suat rieng cu a kh CO
2
luc can ba ng
c/ A p suat chung cua hon hp sao cho luc can bang CO
2
chiem 60% ve the tch
2. a/ C
(r)
+ CO
2

(K)
2CO
(K)
K
p
= 10
B 1mol 0
| |
1-o 2o
K
p
=
2
2
CO
CO
P
P
=10 ( vi P
i
= x
i
P va x
i
=
i
i
n
n
) ta co
2
2
1
1
1
CO
CO
P P
P P
o
o
o
o
=
+
=
+
thay va o bieu thc
tnh K
p

2
1 2
0, 62 0, 234, 0, 766
1 1
CO CO
x x
o o
o
o o
= = = = =
+ +

b/
2 2
. 0, 234.4 0, 936
CO CO
P x P = = = atm
c/ Luc ca n bang CO
2
chiem 6% the tch , nen
( )
2
2
0, 06;
0, 94
0, 94
10 0, 679 .
0, 06
CO
CO
P
x
x
K P P atm
=
=
= = =

Cu 34:X l nguyn t thuc nhm A, hp cht vi hidro c dng XH
3
. Electron cui cng trn
nguyn t X c tng 4 s lng t bng 4,5.
a) iu kin thng XH
3
l mt cht kh. Vit cng thc cu to, d on trng thi lai ho ca
nguyn t trung tm trong phn t XH
3
.
b) Cho phn ng:
2XOCl
2XO + Cl
2
, 500
0
C c K
p
= 1,63.10
-2
.
trng thi cn bng p sut ring phn ca P
XOCl
=0,643 atm, P
XO
= 0,238 atm.
a) Tnh P
Cl
2
trng thi cn bng.
b) Nu thm vo bnh mt lng Cl
2
trng thi cn bng mi p sut ring phn ca
XOCl bng 0,683 atm th p sut ring phn ca XO v Cl
2
l bao nhiu?
a> V X thuc nhm A, hp cht vi hidro c dng XH
3
nn l nhm VA (ns
2
np
3
). Vy: m
s
= +1/2; l =
1 ; m = +1 suy ra: n = 4,5 2,5 = 2. Vy X l Nit ( 1s
2
2s
2
2p
3
)
Cng thc cu to cc hp cht v d on trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm:
NH
3
: N c trng thi lai ho sp
3
.
N
H
H
H

b> Xt phn ng 500
0
C:
2NOCl 2NO + Cl
2
K
p
= 1,63.10
-2

trng thi cn bng c: P
NOCl
= 0,643 atm, P
NO
= 0,238 atm. Vy da v biu thc K
p
ta c:
P
Cl
2

= K
p
.
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
NO
NOCl
P
P
= 0,119 atm. Nu thm vo bnh mt lng Cl
2
P
NOCl
= 0,683 atm
th P
NO
= 0,238 0,04= 0,198 atm => v P
Cl
2

= 0,194 atm.
2. 820
0
C hng s cn bng K
p
ca cc phn ng nh sau:
CaCO
3
(tt) CaO (tt) + CO
2
(k) K
1
= 0,2
C
gr
+ CO
2
(k) 2CO (k) K
2
= 2
Cho 1 mol CaCO
3
v 1 mol C vo bnh chn khng dung tch 22,4 lt duy tr 820
0
C.
a. Tnh s mol cc cht khi cn bng.
b. th tch no ca bnh th s phn hy CaCO
3
l hon ton.
Hng dn: a. K
1
=PCO
2
~ 0,2 atm K
2
=
2
2
PCO
CO P
=> Do P
CO
= 2 , 0 . 2 ~0, 632 atm
Gi x,y l s mol CaCO
3
v CO
2
phn ng. T suy ra s mol cc cht

CaCO
3
(tt)
CaO (tt) + CO
2
(k) K
1
= 0,2 (1)
Ban u 1 mol 0 0
Phn ng x x x
[ ] 1- x x x
C
gr
+ CO
2
(k)
2CO (k) K
2
= 2 (2)
Ban u 1 x 0 mol
Phn ng y y 2y
[ ] 1-y x-y 2y
trng thi cn bng l:
CaCO
3
CaO CO
2
C CO
1 - x x x - y 1 - y 2y
x - y =
2
CO
2
P V
0,05 mol CO
RT
= ; 2y =
CO
P V
0,158 mol CO
RT
=
n
CaO
= 0,129 mol ;
3
CaCO
n = 0,871mol ; n
C
= 0,921 mol
b. S phn hy hon ton th x = 1

2
CO
n = (1- y) mol v n
CO
= 2y (mol).p sut CO
2
v CO khng i.

( )
0, 632V 2yRT
0, 2V 1 y RT
=
=> gii hai phng trnh ta c V ~ 173,69 lt

Vy khi th tch tng, p sut chung gim th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu lm tng p sut, tc l
theo chiu to ra kh CO
2
.(kt qu ph hp nguyn l Le Chaterlier)
Cu 35: . 600
0
K i vi phn ng: H
2
+ CO
2

H
2
O(k) + CO c nng cn bng ca H
2
,
CO
2
, H
2
O v CO ln lt bng 0,600; 0,459; 0,500 v 0,425 mol./1.
a) Tm Kc, Kp ca phn ng.
b) Nu lng ban u ca H
2
v CO
2
bng nhau v bng 1 mol c t vo bnh 5 lt th nng cn
bng cc cht l bao nhiu?
Gii: a) Kc =
| | | |
| | | |
2
2 2
.
.
H O CO
H CO
=
0, 5 0, 425
0, 6 0, 459
= 0,7716 ; Kp = Kc(RT)
n
= 0,7716 (do n = 0)
b) Ti CBHH: [H
2
O] = a ; [CO] = a ; [H
2
] = [CO
2
] = 0,2 a
Ta c :
2
2
(0, 2 )
a
a
= 0,7716 a = 0,094 v 0,2 a = 0,106
p s: Kc = Kp = 0,772; [H
2
] = [CO
2
] = 0,106 M v [H
2
O] = [CO] = 0,094 M.
Cu 36:. 1000K hng s cn bng Kp ca phn ng 2SO
2
+ O
2

2SO
3
bng 3,50 atm
1
.
Tnh p sut ring lc cn bng ca SO
2
v SO
3
nu p sut chung ca h bng 1atm v p sut cn
bng ca O
2
bng 0,1atm.
Gii: Gi x l p sut ring ca SO
2
th p sut ring ca SO
3
= 1 0,1 x = 0,9 x
Kp =
2
2
(0, 9 )
0,1
x
x
= 3,50 x = 0,57 atm v

3
P
SO
= 0,33 atm
Cu 37: . a) Tnh hng s cn bng Kp i vi phn ng: N
2
+ 3H
2

2NH
3
. 25
0
C
Bit G
0
ht
ca NH
3
= 16,64 kJ/mol
b) Kp s thay i th no khi phn ng cho c vit di dng:
1
2
N
2
+
3
2
H
2

NH
3
.
+ G = 2. 16,64 = 33,28 kJ/mol G
0
= RTlnKp lnKp =
33, 28
8, 314 298
| |
|
\ .
= 13,43
Vy Kp = 6,8. 10
5
.

Kp =
3
2 2
2
3
.
NH
N H
P
P P
nn i vi phn ng
1
2
N
2
+
3
2
H
2

NH
3
. c Kp =
3
2 2
1 3
2 2
.
NH
N H
P
P P
=
P
K = 825
Cu 38. Cn bng ca phn ng: NH
4
HS (r)
NH
3
(k) + H
2
S (k) c thit lp 200
0
C trong mt
th tch V. Phn ng cho l thu nhit. Cho bit p sut ring ca NH
3
s thay i th no khi cn
bng c ti lp sau khi:
a) Thm NH
3
;
b) Thm H
2
S ;
c) Thm NH
4
HS ;
d) Tng nhit ;
e) p sut ton phn s tng do thm Ar vo h ;
f) Th tch bnh tng ti 2V.
Gii: a) tng ; b) gim ; c) khng i ; d) tng ; e) khng i ; f)
tng.
Cu 39. Cn bng ca phn ng kh CO
2
bng C : C + CO
2

2CO xy ra 1090K vi hng s

cn bng Kp = 10.
a) Tm hm lng kh CO trong hn hp cn bng, bit p sut chung ca h l 1,5atm.
b) c hm lng CO bng 50% v th tch th p sut chung l bao nhiu?
Gii: a) C + CO
2

2CO n
[ ] (1 - x) 2x 1 + x (mol)
Phn mol
1
1
x
x
+

2
1
x
x +

Ta c : Kp =
2
2
CO
CO
P
P
=
2
2
1
1
1
x
x
x
x
(
(
+

+
. 1,5 = 10 x = 0,79 mol
Vy hn hp lc cn bng cha 2. 0,79 = 1,58 mol CO (88%)v 1 0,79 = 0,21 mol CO
2
(12%)
b) Suy ra Kp =
( )
2
0, 5
0, 5
. P = 10 P = 20 atm.
Cu 40. 50
0
C v di p sut 0,344 atm phn ly o ca N
2
O
4
(k) thnh NO
2
(k) bng 63%. Xc nh
Kp; Kc; Kx.
Gii: N
2
O
4
(k)
NO
2
(k) n
[ ] 1 - o 2o 1 + o (o l phn ly)
Phn mol
1
1
o
o
+

2
1
o
o +

Kp =
2
2
CO
CO
P
P
=
2
2
1
1
1
o
o
o
o
(
(
+

+
. 0,344 thay o = 0,63 tnh c Kp = 0,9
p dng Kc = Kp.(RT)
n
vi n = 1 v Kx = Kp. P
n
tnh c Kc = 0,034 v Kx = 2,63

Cu 41. 820
0
C c cc phn ng sau vi hng s cn bng tng ng:
CaCO
3
(r)
CaO (r) + CO
2
(k)

K
1
= 0,2
C (r) + CO
2
(k)
2CO (k) K
2
= 2,0
Ly hn hp gm 1 mol CaCO
3
v 1 mol C cho vo bnh chn khng c th tch 22,4 lt gi 820
0
C.
1- Tnh s mol cc cht lng c trong bnh khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng.
2- S phn hu CaCO
3
s hon ton khi th tch bnh bng nhiu (p sut ring ca cc kh khng
i). Kt qu ny c ph hp vi nguyn l L-Sa-T - Lie khng? Lin h thc t sn xut vi sng.

Gii: a) K
1
= P
2
CO
= 0,2 (atm) K
2
=
2
2
CO
CO
P
P
= 2 P
CO
= 2 0, 2 = 0,63 atm
T PV = nRT vi R = 0,082 S mol CO
2
= 0,05 v s mol CO = 0,16
Gi s mol CaCO
3
v C phn ng l x v y
CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2
v C + CO
2
2CO
[ ] (1 x) x (x y) (1 y) y 2y
Ta c: x y = 0,05 v 2y = 0,16 x = 0,13 v y = 0,08
S mol: CaCO
3
= 0,87; CaO = 0,13; C = 0,92; CO
2
= 0,05; CO = 0,16
b) Khi CaCO
3
phn hu hon ton th x = 1 s mol CO
2
= 1 x
ta c: 0,2V = (1 y)RT v 0,63V = 2yRT . Gii 2 phng trnh cho V = 174 lt
Vy khi th tch tng, p sut chung gim th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu lm tng p sut, tc l
theo chiu to ra kh CO
2
.(kt qu ph hp nguyn l Le Chaterlier)
Cu 42 1.
137
Cs l nguyn t phng x dng trong l phn ng ht nhn, c chu k bn hu l 30,2
nm. Sau bao lu th lng cht ny cn li 1,0%.
2. Ti 25
0
C G A to thnh ca cc cht nh sau (theo kJ.mol
-1
):
H
2
O (k) CO
2
(k) CO (k) H
2
O (l)
-228,374 -394,007 -137,133 -236,964
a) Tnh K
p
ca phn ng:
CO(k) + H
2
O(l) H
2
(k) + CO
2
(k) ti 25
0
C
b) Tnh p sut hi nc ti 25
0
C.
c) Hn hp cc kh CO, CO
2
, H
2
m mi kh u c p sut ring phn l 1,0atm c trn vi H
2
O
(l), d. Tnh p sut ring phn ca mi kh c trong hn hp cn bng ti 25
0
C, bit qu trnh xy ra khi
th tch coi nh khng i.
Hng s tc ca qu trnh phn r ht nhn l:

1
1
2
0, 693 0, 693
k 0, 023(nam )
t 30, 2

= = =
Ta c :
137
137
2, 303 ( Cs)dau 2, 303 100
t log log t 200, 2608696(nam)
k ( C)sau 0, 023 1
= = => =
2. a) CO(k) + H
2
O(l) H
2
(k) + CO
2
(k)
2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0
298(pu) H (k) CO (k) CO(k) H O(l)
0 1
298(pu)
G G G G G
G 0 ( 394, 007) 137,133 236,964 19, 91 kJ.mol
A = A + A A A
A = + + + =

p dng phng trnh ng nhit Van Hof, ta c:

0 3
T
0
T
G 19,91.10
3,49 2,303.RT 2,303.8,314.298
G RTln Kp RT.2, 303.lg Kp
Kp 10 10 10 3086, 045027
A

A = =
= = = =

b) xt
2
H O(h)
P 25
0
C ta xt cn bng ti 25
0
C:
H
2
O(l) H
2
O(h)
2 2
0 0 0
298(pu) H O(h) H O(l)
0 1
298(pu)
G G G
G 228, 374) 236,964 8, 59 kJ.mol
A = A A
A = + =


0
T
3
8,59 G
2,303.RT 2,303.8,314.298.10
Kp 10 10 0, 03122677
= = =

V:
2
H O(l)
P =const =1,0atm =>
2
H O(h)
P 0, 03122677 = atm ( 25
0
C)
c) V iu kin T, V u l const => p sut ring phn t l vi s mol mi kh nn c th tnh p
sut ring phn theo phn ng:
CO(k) + H
2
O(l)
H
2
(k) + CO
2
(k)
Ban u 1 1 1 (atm)
Cn bng 1-x 1+x 1+x
2 2
2
H O CO
CO
[P ] [P ]
(1 x)
Kp 3, 086 x 0, 9987
[P ] (1 x)
= = = =
+

Vy ti thi im cn bng 25
0
C:

2 2
3
CO
H CO
[P ] 1 x 1, 3.10 atm
[P ] [P ] 1 x 1, 9987 atm
= =
= = + =

Cu 43: Nn 2 mol Nit v 8 mol Hidr vo mt bnh kn c th tch 2 lt (ch cha sn cht xc tc vi
th tch khng ng k), c gi nhit khng i. Khi phn ng trong bnh t cn bng,p
sut cc kh trong bnh bng 0,8 p sut lc u (lc mi cho xong cc kh vo, cha phn ng) .Tm
hng s cn bng ca phn ng.
Gii: Tm hng s cn bng:
Phng trnh phn ng: N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3

Ban u 2 mol 8 mol 0mol
Phn ng xmol 3x mol 2x mol
Cn bng (2- x mol) ( 8- 3x mol) 2x mol
V phn ng xy ra nhit khng i v trong bnh kn nn gia p sut v s molta c t l
P
1;
p sut trc phn ng
P
2
; p sut sau phn ng
n
1
; s mol trc phn ng
n
2
; s mol sau phn ng

2 1
1
10
8 , 0 n P
P
=
mol n 8
2
= . Tng s mol cc cht sau phn ng:
(2 - x)+(8 - 3x) + 2x = 8 x = 1 mol

2
N
n
(sau)
= 2 1 = 1 mol [N
2
] =
l mol
V
/
2
1 1
=

2
H
n
(sau)
= 8 3 = 5 mol [H
2
] =
l mol
V
/
2
5 5
=

3
NH
n

= 2 x 1 = 2 mol [NH
3
] =
l mol
V
/ 1
2
2 2
= =

Hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
128 , 0
125
16
2
5
2
1
1
] ][ [
] [
3
2
3
2 2
2
3
= =
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
H N
NH
K
cb

Mt s bi tp t luyn
2
1
2
1
n
n
P
P
=


1. Mt bnh 5 lt cha 1 mol HI (k) c un nng ti 800
0
C. Xc nh phn trm phn li ca HI
800
0
C theo phn ng 2HI
H
2
+ I
2
(k) Bit Kc = 6,34. 10
4

p s: 4,8%
2. 25
0
c hng s cn bng Kp i vi phn ng N
2
+ 3H
2

2NH
3
bng 6,8.10
5
.
a) Tnh AG
0
ca phn ng.
b) Nu cng nhit trn, p sut u ca N
2
, H
2
, NH
3
l 0,250; 0,550 v 0,950 atm. Tm AG ca
phn ng.
p s: a) -33,28 kJ; b) -25,7kJ
3. Ngi ta tin hnh phn ng: PCl
5

PCl
3
+ Cl
2
vi 0,3 mol PCl
5
; p sut u l 1 atm. Khi
cn bng c thit lp, p sut o c bng 1,25 atm (V,T = const)
a) Tnh phn li v p sut ring ca tng cu t.
b) Thit lp biu thc lin h gia phn li v p sut chung ca h.
p s: a) 0,25; P = P
0
( 1 + o )
4. Xc nh nhit i vi phn ng CaCO
3

CaO + CO
2
bit rng 800
0
C p sut phn li bng
201,8mm Hg v 900
0
C bng 992 mm Hg.
p s: -166,82 kJ/mol
5. Trong mt th nghim ngi ta t mt mpun cha N
2
O
4
lng c m = 4,6 g vo mt bnh phn ng
ui ht khng kh c dung tch 5,7lt. p v mpun ri a nhit ca bnh
phn ng ln 50
0
C; Kt qu l N
2
O
4
bay hi v b phn li, p sut trong bnh o c l 0,4586 atm.
Tnh phn li ca N
2
O
4
v hng s cn bng Kc i vi phn ng N
2
O
4

2NO
2
.
p s: 97,4% ; Kc = 8,58
6. Mt hn hp u gm 7% SO
2
, 11% O
2
v 82% N
2
di p sut 1 atm, c un nng ti 1000
0
K vi
s c mt ca mt cht xc tc. Sau khi cn bng c thit lp, trong hn hp cn bng SO
2
chim
4,7%. Tm mc oxi ha SO
2
thnh SO
3
v hng s cn bng Kp v Kc ca phn ng: 2SO
2
+ O
2

2SO
3
(ghi ch: mc oxi ha c o bng t s gia p sut cn bng v p sut u) .
p s: 32,9% , Kp = 2,44 ; Kc = 200
7. Trong s tng hp NH
3
400
0
C theo phn ng N
2
+ 3H
2

2NH
3
hn hp u gm N
2
v H
2

c ly theo ng t l hp thc ri a vo bnh phn ng dung tch 1lt. Trong hn hp cn bng,
ngi ta thy c 0,0385 mol NH
3
. Tnh Kc, Kp.
p s: Kc = 5,12. 10
7
; Kp = 1,68.10
4

8. 25
0
C hng s cn bng Kp ca phn ng thu nhit
2NO + Br
2
(k)
2NOBr (k) bng 116,6 atm

1
.
a) Nu em trn NOBr c P = 0,108 atm vi NO c P = 0,1atm v Br
2
c P = 0,01 atm to ra mt
hn hp kh 0
0
C th v tr cn bng s nh th no (cu tr li phi nh lng).
b) a NOBr c P = 5 atm vo bnh phn ng 50
0
C th thy trong hn hp cn bng c NOBr P
= 4.30 atm. Tnh Kp 50
0
C . So snh gi tr Kp ny vi Kp 25
0
C. Gii thch?
p s: Kp (50
0
C) = 179 atm
-1

9. Ngi ta cho 1 mol axit axetic tc dng vi 1 mol ru izopropylic. nhit t, cn bng :
CH
3
COOH + CH
3
CHOHCH
3
CH
3
COOCH(CH
3
)
2
+ H
2
O
s t c khi 0,6 mol este c to ra.
a/ Tnh thnh phn ca hn hp cn bng.
b/ Nu thm vo hn hp cn bng ny 1 mol CH
3
COOH hoc 1 mol CH
3
CHOHCH
3
hoc 1
mol este th thnh phn ca hn hp cn bng mi s l bao nhiu ?
S : a. axit : 0,4 mol ; ru : 0,4 mol ; este : 0,6 mol ; nc : 0,6 mol b. Thm 1 mol axit : 1,22
mol axit ; 0,22 mol ru ; 0,78 mol este ; 0,78 mol nc
10. 27
0
C v di p sut 1 atm phn ly ca N
2
O
4
l 20%. Theo phn ng :
N
2
O
4 (k)
2NO
2 (k)

a/ Tnh :
-K
P
v cho bit phn ng thu nhit hay ta nhit, bit 63
0
C phn ng c K
P
= 1,27 ?
- phn ly p sut 0,05 atm.
b/ Ngi ta cho 46 gam N
2
O
4
vo bnh kn c dung tch 20 lt 27
0
C. Tnh thnh phn ca hn
hp kh lc cn bng.

S : a. K
P

= 0,167 phn ng thun thu nhit b. 0,385 mol N
2
O
4
; 0,230 mol NO
2

11. Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch 10 lt cha 0,1 mol H
2
v 0,1 mol I
2
698 K, bit hng s cn
bng K
C
= 54,4. Tnh nng cn bng ca H
2
, I
2
v HI
S : [H
2
] = [I
2
] = 0,00213 mol/l [HI] = 0,0157 mol/l
12. Cn bng ca phn ng kh CO
2
bng C :
C
(r)
+ CO
2

(k)
2CO
(k)
xy ra 1090 K vi hng s cn bng K
P
= 10

a/ Tm hm lng kh CO trong hn hp kh cn bng, bit p sut chung ca h l 1,5 atm
b/ c hm lng CO bng 50% v th tch th p sut chung l bao nhiu ?
S : a. 88% b. 20 atm
13. 50
0
C v di p sut 0,344 atm, phn ly o ca N
2
O
4 (k)
thnh NO
2 (k)

bng 63%. Xc nh
K
P
, K
C

S : K
P
= 0,867 atm ; K
C
= 0,034
14. 0
0
C v di p sut 1 atm, phn ly o ca N
2
O
4 (k)
thnh NO
2 (k)

bng 11%.
a/ Xc nh K
P
.
b/ Cng ti 0
0
C khi p sut gim t 1 atm xung 0,8 atm th phn ly o thay i nh th no ?
c/ Cn phi nn ng nhit hn hp kh ti p sut no phn ly o bng 8% ?
S : a. 0,049 atm b. o = 12,3% (tng) c. P = 1,9 atm.
15. 63
0
C hng s cn bng K
p
ca phn ng :
N
2
O
4 (k)
2NO
2 (k)
K
p
= 1,27
Tnh thnh phn ca hn hp theo s mol khi p sut ca h ln lt bng : 1 atm; 10 atm. T rt ra
kt lun g v nh hng ca p sut n s chuyn dch cn bng ?
S : P = 1 atm : NO
2
= 66% N
2
O
4
= 34% P = 10 atm : NO
2
= 29,8% N
2
O
4
= 70,2%
16. Phn ng di y s din ra theo chiu no khi 0
0
C v 100
0
C ?
N
2
O
4 (k)
2NO
2 (k)

Bit
0
298
AH (kcal/mol) 2,31 8,09

0
298
S A (cal/K.mol) 72,73 57,46
17. 850
0
C phn ng :
CO
(k)
+ H
2
O
(k)
CO
2

(k)
+ H
2 (k)
ti trng thi cn bng c hng s cn bng K
C
=
1. Cho bit nng cc cht thi im u : C
CO
= 2 mol/l ; C
H2O
= 0,1 mol/l v C
CO2
= 0, C
H2
= 0.
Tnh nng cc cht trng thi cn bng.
S : [CO] = 1,133M ; [H
2
O] = 0,033M ; [CO
2
] = [H
2
] = 0,067M
18. Cho phn ng : N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3
tin hnh nhit v th tch khng i. Bit rng
ti trng thi cn bng cc cht c nng nh sau :
[N
2
] = 0,3M ; [H
2
] = 0,9M ; [NH
3
] = 0,4M
a/ Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng
b/ Tnh nng ban u ca N
2
v H
2

S : a. K
C
= 0,73 b. N
2
= 0,5M ; H
2
= 1,5M
19. Bng cch tnh ton hy cho bit cn bng sau y :
2SO
2

(k)
+ O
2

(k)
2SO
3

(k)

chuyn dch theo chiu no khi tng p sut ca h ln 3 ln (bng cch nn) ? Cho bit nhit khng
i.
20. Tin hnh phn ng thun nghch trong bnh kn c dung tch 1 lt.
CO
(k)
+ Cl
2 (k)
COCl
2

(k)

nhit khng i nng cn bng ca cc cht l : [CO] = 0,02M ; [Cl
2
] = 0,01M ;
[COCl
2
] = 0,02M. Bm thm vo bnh 0,03 mol Cl
2
. Tnh nng cc cht trng thi cn bng mi.
S : [CO] = 0,01M ; [Cl
2
] = 0,03M ; [COCl
2
] = 0,03M
22 Cho cn bng ha hc : N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3
vi AH= - 92 KJ.mol
-1
Nu xut pht t hn hp cha N
2
v H
2
theo t l s mol ng bng h s t lng, tc t l 1:3
th khi t ti trng thi cn bng ( 450
0
C v 300 atm) NH
3
chim 36% v th tch.
a. Tnh hng s cn bng K
p

b. Gi nhit khng i (450
0
C) cn tin hnh di p sut bao nhiu khi t ti trng thi
cn bng NH
3
chim 50% v th tch ?
c. Gi p sut khng i (300 atm) cn bng cn tin hnh nhit no khi t ti trng
thi cn bng NH
3
chim 50% v th tch ?

S : a. K
p
= 8,14.10
-5
b. P = 680 atm c. 653K
23 Cho phn ng : CO
2

(k)
+ H
2 (k)
CO
(k)
+ H
2
O
(k)
(1)
a. Tnh AG
0
ca phn ng (1) 1000K, bit
0
1000K
AH = 35040 J.mol
-1
.
0
1000K
S A = 32,11 J.mol
-1
.K
-1

b. Tnh hng s cn bng K
C
, K
P
ca phn ng (1) 1000K.
c. Mt hn hp kh cha 35% th tch H
2
, 45% th tch CO v 20% th tch hi nc c nung nng
ti 1000K. Tnh thnh phn hn hp trng thi cn bng.
S : a. 2930 J b. K
C
= K
P
= 0,703 c. CO = 34,6% ; CO
2
= 10,4% ; H
2
O = 9,6% ; H
2
= 45,4%

On HSG Can Bang Hoa Hoc

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On HSG Can Bang Hoa Hoc

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Trng THPT K Thut L Thy Ti liu luyn thi HSG

Gio vin: Nguyn Cao Chung - 1 -

v t khi hi d ca hn hp kh sau phn ng so vi

=> gii hai phng trnh ta c V ~ 173,69 lt

= 3,50 x = 0,57 atm v

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy Ti liu luyn thi HSG

2CO xy ra 1090K vi hng s

2NOBr (k) bng 116,6 atm

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