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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR

N TP HNH CHNG 1 LP 11 PHP BIN HNH


r
Bi 1: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho vect v (-3 ; 2 ), im A( 2 ; 1 ) v ng thng d c
phng trnh 2x y 3 = 0.
r
1/ Tm nh ca im A qua php tnh tin theo vect v .
2/
r Tm phng trnh ca ng thng d l nh ca ng thng d qua php tnh tin theo vect
v.
Bi 2: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn tm I(2;-1) bn knh R=2.
1/ Vit phng trnh ng trn (I,2).
2/ Vit phng trnh ng trn nh ca ng trn (I,2) qua php i xng trc Ox.
3/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn (I,2) qua php ng dng c c t vic thc hin lin
tip php v t tm O t s 3 v php i xng qua trc Oy.
r
Bi 3: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho vect v (-2 ; 1 ), im A(1 ; -2 ) v
ng thng d
c phng trnh 2x y 4 = 0.
r
1/ Tm nh ca im A qua php tnh tin theo vect v .
2/ Tmrphng trnh ca ng thng d l nh ca ng thng d qua php tnh tin theo
vect v .
Bi 4: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn tm I(1;-1) bn knh R=2.
1/ Vit phng trnh ng trn (I,2).
2/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn (I,2) qua php i xng trc Oy.
3/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn (I,2) qua php ng dng c c t vic thc hin lin
tip php v t tm O t s 2 v php i xng qua trc Ox.
Bi 5: Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho A (3; -1) v ng thng d c phng trnh:
x + 2y 1 = 0. Tm nh ca A v d qua:
1/ Php i xng qua trc Ox
2/ Php tnh tin theo vc t v (2;1)
Bi 6: Trong mt phng ta cho ng trn (I,2) Trong I(1;-1)
1/ Vit phng trnh ng trn (I,2).
2/ Vit phng trnh ng trn l nh ca ng trn (I,2) qua vic thc hin lin tip php i
xng tm O v php v t tm O t s 3.
Bi 7: Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho A (3; -1) v ng thng d c phng trnh:
x + 2y 1 = 0. Tm nh ca A v d qua:
1/ Php i xng qua trc Oy.
2/ Php v t tm O t s k=-2.
Bi 8: Trong mt phng ta cho ng trn (I,3) Trong I(-2;3)
1/ Vit phng trnh ng trn (I,3).
2/ Vit phng trnh ng trn l nh ca ng trn (I,3) qua vic thc hin lin tip php i
xng tm O v php tnh tin theo vc t v (-3,2)
Bi 9:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm ta ca M l nh ca M(2;3) trong php tnh tin
T vi =(1;5)
u
u

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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Bi 10:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm nh ca ng thng d:2xy+1=0 trong php tnh

tin T
vi u =(3;4)
u
Bi 11: Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm nh ca ng trn (C): (x1)2+(y+2)2=4 trong php

tnh tin T
vi u =(2;3)
u
Bi 12: Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho ng thng d:x2y+1=0 v im I(2;1).
a/ Chng minh rng Id. Vit phng trnh ca ng thng ( ) i qua I v ( ) song song vi
d.
b/ Cho A(3;2) v B(5;0). Chng minh A v B khng nm phn mt phng gia hai ng
thng d v ( ).
c/ Tm ta ca Md v ca N( ) sao cho AM+BN ngn nht.
Gii:
a/ Thay ta ca I(2;1) vo v tri phng trnh ng thng d: 22(1)+1=50 Id.

V ( ) song song vi d nn ( ) v d c cng vect php tuyn n =(1;2).


Phng trnh ( ): 1(x2)2(y+1)=0 x2y4=0.

b/ Ta c: d//( )
T d:x2y+1=0, xt F(x,y)= x2y+1 v t ( ):x2y4=0 xt G(x,y)= x2y4. Chn O(0;0) nm
phn mt phng gia hai ng thng d v ( ).
V F(0;0)=1>0 v G(0,0)= 4<0 nn phn mt phng gia hai ng thng d v ( ) ta c
F(x,y).G(x,y)<0
V F(xA,yA).G(xA,yA)= F(3,2).G(3,2)= 6. (11)>0 nn A khng nm phn mt phng gia
hai ng thng d v ( ).
V F(xB,yB).G(xB,yB)= F(5,0).G(5,0)= 6.1>0 nn B khng nm phn mt phng gia hai
ng thng d v ( ).
V F(xA,yA)=6<0 v G(xA,yA)= 11<0 v v F(xB,yB)=6>0 v G(xB,yB)=1>0 nn A v B nm v
hai pha khc nhau so vi phn mt phng gia hai ng thng d v ( ).
Ta xc nh c hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn d l H(1;1). Vy trong php tnh tin theo

vect HI = (1;5) ng thng d bin thnh ng thng ( ).

Dng AA ' = HI = (1;2) ta c A(2;0), im N cn xc nh l giao im ca AB vi ( ).


Phng trnh AB: y=0 .
Vy ta ca N l nghim ca h:
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR

y= 0 x= 4

x 2y 4 = 0 y = 0

N(4;0), dng MNd v Md

ng thng MN i qua N(4;0) v c vect ch phng HI = (1;2) nn c vect php tuyn

n ' =(2;1). Vy MN c phng trnh 2(x4)+1(y0)=0 2x+y8=0.


Vy ta ca M l nghim ca h:

2x + y 8 = 0 x = 3

x 2y + 1 = 0 y = 2

M(3;2)

V AANM l mt hnh bnh hnh nn AM=AN.


V A, N v B thng hng nn AN+NB=AM+BN ngn nht.
Vy M(3;2) v N(4;0) l hai im cn tm.
Bi 13:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm ta ca M l nh ca M(2;1) qua php i xng
trc d: x2y+1=0.
Bi 14:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho hai im A(1;1) v B(2;4). Tm trn Ox im M sao
cho tng AM+BM nh nht.

Gii:
V yA.yB=1.4=4>0 nn A v B nm v cng mt pha so vi Ox:y=0.
Gi A(1;1) l im i xng vi A(1;1) qua Ox.
Nu AB ct Ox ti M th AM=AM. V A, M, B thng hng nn AM+MB=AM+BM
ngn nht. Vy M cn tm l giao im ca AB vi Ox.
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR

ng thng AB i qua A(1;1) v c vect ch phng A ' B = (3;5) nn AB c

vect php tuyn n = (5;3) .


Vy AB: 5(x+1)3(y+1)=0 5x3y+2=0
Ta ca M l nghim ca h:

2
5x 3y + 2 = 0 x =
5
y= 0 y= 0

2
5

Vy M ( ;0) l im cn tm.
Bi 14:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho ng trn (C):(x1)2+(y+2)2=9. Tm nh ca (C)
trong php i xng qua ng phn gic d:y=x.
Bi 15:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(4;0), B(0;2) v C(1; 5).
a/ Chng minh rng tam gic ABC c gc A nhn. Tm ta trong tm G ca tam gic ABC.
b/ Vit phng trnh ca cc ng thng AB v AC.
c/ Tm ta cc im MAB v NAC tam gic GMN c chu vi nh nht.
Gii:

a/ Ta c AB = ( 4;2) v AC = (5;5) . Khi :

cos A =

AB. AC

| AB | . | AC |
cosA>0 A nhn

4(5) + 2.(5)
(4) 2 + 2 2 . (5) 2 + (5) 2

1
10

1
G l trng tm ca tam gic ABCOG = (OA + OB + OC ) nn trng tm G ca tam gic ABC
3
c ta :

xA + xB + xC
=1
x G =
3
G(1;1)

y = yA + yB + yC = 1
G
3
b/ Phng trnh AB c dng on chn:
x
y
x y
+
= 1 + = 1 x+2y4=0
x A yB
4 2

AC i qua A(4;0) v c vect ch phng AC = (5;5) nn c vect php tuyn n = (1;1)


nn c phng trnh:1(x4)1(y0)xy4=0
c/ V G nm trong gc nhn BAC nn :

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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR

Ta tm c I(3;3) i xng vi G qua AB v J(3;3) i xng vi G qua AC (da vo cch tm


mt im i xng vi mt im cho trc qua 1 trc). Gi M v N ln lt l giao im ca IJ
vi AB v AC. Ta c GM=IM, GN=NJ.
V 4 im I, M, N, J thng hng nn IM+MN+NJ=GM+MN+GN nh nht.
ng thng IJ: x=3 ct AB ti M(3;
Vy vi M(3;

1
) v ct AC ti N(3;1).
2

1
) AB v N(3;1)AC th tam gic GMN c chu vi nh nht.
2

Bi 15:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho ba ng thng d:x2y+1=0 v ( ): x2y4=0, d1:


x+y+1=0.
a/ Chng minh rng ( ) song song vi d. Vit phng trnh ca ng thng ( ) i xng vi
( ) qua d.
b/ Chng minh rng d1 ct d, tm ta giao im I ca d v d1. Vit phng trnh ca ng
thng d2 i xng vi d1 qua d.
Bi 16:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm ta ca M l nh ca M(2;1) qua php i xng
tm I(3; 1).
Bi 17:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm nh ca ng thng d:x+y1=0 qua php i xng
tm I(3; 1).
Bi18: Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm nh ca ng trn (C):(x1)2+(y1)2=4 qua php
i xng tm I(3; 1).
Bi 19: Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm nh ca M(1;2) trong php v t tm I(3;2) t s
k=3.
Bi 20:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm nh ca d: 2x+4y1=0 trong php v t tm I(1; 2) t
s k=2.
Bi 21:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm nh ca (C):x2+y2=1 trong php v t tm I(1;1) t s
k=2.
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Bi 22:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C):x2+y2=1 v (C): (x+3)2+
(y3)2=4. Lp phng trnh cc tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn trn.
Gii:
ng trn (C) c tm O, bn knh R1=1 v ng trn (C) c tm O(3;3), bn knh R2=2.

V :

O 'O= 3 2
OO>R +R (C) v (C) ngoi nhau.

R1 + R2 = 3
1

Vy (C) v (C) c chung 4 tip tuyn.


V R1 R2 nn (C) v (C) c tm v t trong I1 v tm v t ngoi I2

Tm phng trnh ca 2 tip tuyn chung trong:


R2
Php v t t s k1=
(k <0), tm v t trong I1 bin ng trn (C) thnh ng
R1 1

trn (C). Ta c: I 1O' = k1 I 1O = 2I 1O


Dng cng thc tnh ta ca I1 chia on OO theo t s k1=2 ta tm c I1(1;1).
Tip tuyn chung trong ca (C) v (C) l ng thng ( ) i qua I1(1;1) v tip
xc vi (C).

Gi vect php tuyn ca ng thng ( ) l n = (A; B) , A2+B2 0, phng trnh


ca ( ): A(x+1)+B(y1)=0 (1)
( ) tip xc vi (C)

d(O, )=R

| A (0 + 1) + B(0 1) |
A 2 + B2

=1

| A B | = A 2 + B2
(A-B)2= A2+B2
A.B=0
A=0 hoc B=0
2
2
V A +B 0 nn vi A=0 ta chn B=1; vi B=0 ta chn A=1.
Thay cc cp (A;B) ny vo (1) ta c phng trnh ca 2 tip tuyn chung trong
ca (C) v (C) l:
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
y1=0
x+1=0
Tm phng trnh ca 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi:
R2
Php v t t s k2=
=2 (k2>0), tm v t ngoi I2 bin ng trn (C) thnh
R1

ng trn (C). Ta c: I 2O' = k2 I 2O = 2I 2O


Dng cng thc tnh ta ca I2 chia on OO theo t s k2=2 ta tm c I2(3;3).
Tip tuyn chung ngoi ca (C) v (C) l ng thng ( ) i qua I2(3;3) v tip
xc vi (C).
Tng t ta c phng trnh ca 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi ca (C) v (C) l:
(9 17 )x+8y+3 17 3=0
(9+ 17 )x+8y3 17 3=0
Kt lun: Hai ng trn (C) v (C) c 4 tip tuyn chung c phng trnh:
y1=0;
x+1=0;
(9 17 )x+8y+3 17 3=0;
(9+ 17 )x+8y3 17 3=0.
Bi 23:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho ba im A(1;1), B(3;2) v C(7;5). Ta thc hin lin
tip 2 php bin hnh: Php v t tm O t s k=2 v php i xng tm I(1;3) bin A, B, C ln
lt thnh A, B v C.
a/ Tm ta ca A, B v C.
b/ Chng minh rng hai tam gic ABC v ABC ng dng.
Gii:
a/ Trong php v t tm O t s k im M(x;y) c nh l M(x;y) tha h thc:

x'= k x

y'= k y

Vi k=2 ta tm c nh ca A, B, C ln lt l A1(2;2), B1(6;4); C1(14;10).


Trong php i xng tm I(a;b) im M(x;y) c nh l M(x;y) tha h thc:

x''= 2a x'

y''= 2b y'

nn ta tm c nh ca A1, B1, C1 ln lt l A(0;4), B(4;10); C(12;4).


Vy qua php v t tm O t s k=2 v php i xng tm I(1;3) ba im A(1;1), B(3;2) v
C(7;5) c nh l ba im A(0;4), B(4;10); C(12;4).

b/Tac: CA =(6;4), CB =(4;7), AB =(2;3), C'A ' =(12;8),

C'B'=(8;14) v A 'B' =(4;6).

V C'A ' =2 CA , C'B'=2 CB v A 'B' =2 AB nn tam gic ABC ng dng tam gic
ABC theo t s k=2.
Vy qua php v t tm O t s k=2 v php i xng tm I(1;3) ta c php ng dng t s k=|
k|=2 bin tam gic ABC thnh tam gic ABC ng dng vi n.

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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Bi 24: Cho php bin hnh f tha bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(x2;y+1)
a. Chng minh f l mt php di hnh.
b. Tm nh ca elip (E):
a.
b.

x2 y2
+
= 1 qua php bin hnh f.
16 4

Hng dn hoc kt qu:


f l mt php di hnh v f(M)=M v f(N)=N c MN=MN
(x + 2)2 (y 1) 2
nh ca elip trn l elip:
+
=1
16
4

x'= 2x
Bi 25:Cho php bin hnh f tha bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y) sao cho:
.
y'= 2y

f c phi l mt php di hnh khng? ti sao?


Hng dn gii: f khng l mt php di hnh v f(M)=M v f(N)=N c MN=2MN

Bi 26:Vi cho trc, xt php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y), trong :

x'= xc o s ys in

y'= xs in+ yc o s

f c phi l mt php di hnh hay khng?


Hng dn gii: f l mt php di hnh v f(M)=M v f(N)=N c MN=MN, ch
sin2 +cos2 =1
Bi 27:Cho php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y), trong :

x'= x 2

y'= y + 1

a)
b)

a) Chng minh f l mt php di hnh.


x2 y 2
b) Tm nh ca elp (E):
+
= 1 qua php di hnh f.
16 4
Hng dn gii:
f l mt php di hnh v f(M)=M v f(N)=N c MN=MN
(x + 2)2 (y 1) 2
nh l elip (E):
+
=1
16
4

Bi 28:Cho ng thng :3xy7=0. Tm nh ca A(1;0) qua php i xng trc .


Kt qu: A(2;1)

Bi 29:Tm nh ca parabol (P): y=ax2 qua php tnh tin theo vect v =(m;n) .
Kt qu: (P): y=a(xm)2+n

Bi 30:Php tnh tin theo vect v =(3;m) 0 bin ng thng ( ):4x+6y1=0 thnh chnh
n. Gi tr ca m bng bao nhiu?
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Kt qu: m=2

Bi 31:Php tnh tin theo vect v 0 bin ng thng ( ):3xy2=0 thnh ng thng

( ):3xy+18=0. Tm ta ca v bit v vung gc vi ( ) v ( ).

Kt qu: v =(6;2) hoc v =(6;2).

Bi 32:Php tnh tin theo vect v =(2;3) bin ng trn (C):x2+y26x+2y5=0 thnh ng
trn (C) c tm I. Tm ta ca I.
Kt qu: I(5;4)

Bi 33: C hay khng mt php tnh tin theo vect v bin ng trn (C):(x+1)2+(y3)2=8
thnh ng trn (C):x2+y2+4x+8y+12=0?
Hng dn v kt qu: (C) v (C) c cng bn knh R=R=2 2 , (C) c tm I(1;3) v (C)

c tm I(2;4), php tnh tin theo vect v = II '=(1;7) bin ng trn (C) thnh ng
trn (C).
Bi 34:Cho hnh bnh hnh OABC vi A(2;1) v B trn ng thng d:2xy5=0. Tp hp ca
C l ng no?
Hng dn v kt qu:
O

B
d

V OABC l mt hnh bnh hnh nn BC = OA = (2;d


1) . Vy C l nh ca B qua php

tnh tin theo vect v = (2;1) .


Vi mi B(x;y)d2xy5=0 (1)
Gi C(x;y) ta c:

x = 2+ x'

y = 1+ y'

Thay cp (x;y) ny vo (1):2(2+x)(1+y)5=02xy10=0


Vy C(x;y)d: 2xy10=0
Tp hp ca C l ng thng d:2xy10=0.
Bi 35:Php i xng tm I(2;5) bin ng trn (C):x2+y210x+2y1=0 thnh ng trn (C).
Tm phng trnh ca ng trn (C)
Kt qu: (C): x2+y2+2x+18y+55=0 (1)
Bi 36:Php quay tm O gc quay 450 bin A(0;3) thnh A c ta nh th no?
Hng dn v kt qu: Dng cng thc

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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR

x'=

y'=

32
0
0
x
'
=
0
c
o
4
s
5

3
s
i
n
4
5
=

x c o s ys in
2

xs in+ y c o s y'= 0s i n4 50 + 3c o4s 50 = 3 2

2
3 2 3 2
;
)
2
2

tm A(

Bi 37:Php quay tm O gc quay 900 bin ng trn (C): x2+y2+4y5=0 thnh ng trn (C).
Tm phng trnh ca ng trn (C)
Hng dn v kt qu: M(x;y)(C)x2+y2+4y5=0 (1)
Php quay tm O gc quay 900 bin im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y) vi:

x'= y x = y'

y'= x y = x'

Thay cp (x;y) vo (1): y2+(x)2+4(x)5=0 x2+y24x5=0


Vy M(x;y)(C): x2+y24x5=0.
Bi 38:Php v t tm O, t s k=

3
bin im A(6;2) thnh A c ta no?
2

Kt qu: A(9;3)
Bi 39:Cho ba im A(0;3), B(2;1) v C(1;5). C hay khng mt php v t tm A, bin im
B thnh C?
1

Hng dn v kt qu: Tnh AC =(1;2) v AB =(2;4) AC = AB . Vy php v


2
1
t tm A, t s k= bin B thnh C.
2

Bi 40:Cho bn im A(1;2), B(2;4), C(4;8) v D(2;4). Tm tm ca php v t bin AB

thnh DC ?
Hng dn v kt qu:

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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR

Ta c: AB =(3;2), AC =(5;6) v DC =(6;4). V DC =2 AB DC cng phng vi

AB v 5:63:2 nn AB khng cng phng AC nn t gic ABCD l mt hnh thang.


ng thng BC:2xy=0 ct AD: 2x+y=0 ti O.

Vy qua php v t tm O, t s k=2 bin AB thnh DC


'
Bi 41:Php v t tm I(3;5) , t s k=2 bin ng thng d1:x+3y8=0 thnh ng thng d1
;
'
bin ng thng d2:x2y+2=0 thnh ng thng d2
'
c) Tm phng trnh ca d1
v d'2 .
'
d) Chng minh ( d1
, d'2 )=(d1,d2) v tnh s o ca gc to bi d1 v d2.
Hng dn v kt qu:

a) M(x;y) d1 x+3y8=0 (1)


Php v t tm I(3;5), t s k=2 bin im M(x;y) thnh im M(x;y) tha:

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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR

x'+ (2 1)3 x'+ 3


=
x =
2
2

y = y'+ (2 1)5 = y'+ 5

2
2

x'+3
y'+5
+3
8=0x+3y+2=0
2
2
'
Vy M(x;y) d1
: x+3y+2=0
'
Tng t d2 : x2y3=0

Thay cp (x;y) ny vo (1):

'
b) Hai ng thng d1 v d1
song song vi nhau v chng c cng vect ch phng

'
n1 = (1;3) . Hai ng thng d2 v d2 song song vi nhau v chng c cng vect ch

phng n = (1;2) .
2
'
Vy : ( d1 , d'2 )=(d1,d2)
e) Gi l gc to bi d1 v d2 ta c:

cos =

| n1. n2 |

| n1 ||n2 |

1.1+ 3(2)
10. 5

2
=450.
2

Bi 42:Php v t tm O, t s k=2 bin ng trn (C): (x1)2+(y+2)2=5 thnh ng trn (C).


Tm phng trnh ca ng trn (C).
Hng dn v kt qu:
M(x;y)(C) (x1)2+(y+2)2=5 (1)
Php v t tm O, t s k=2 bin im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y) vi:

x'

x
=

y = y'

x' 2
y'
1) +( +2)2=5
2
2
(x+2)2+(y4)2=20
Vy M(x;y)(C): (x+2)2+(y4)2=20
Bi 43:Cho ng trn (C): (x1)2+(y2)2=4. Php ng dng hp thnh bi php v t tm O, t
s k=2 v php i xng trc Ox bin ng trn (C) thnh ng trn (C). Tm phng trnh
ca ng trn (C).
Kt qu: (C):(x+2)2+(y4)2=4

Thay cp (x;y) ny vo (1): (

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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Mt s trc nghim ca phng php ta trong php bin hnh
1) Cho php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y). Khng nh no sau y sai?
a) f l mt php di hnh.
b) Nu A(0;a) th f(A)=A.
c) M v f(M) i xng qua Ox.
d) f(M(2;3)) trn ng thng d: 2x+y+1=0.

2) Cho php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M sao cho OM ' = OM + v vi v
=(3;2). Khng nh no sau y ng?
a) M(3x;2y)
b) M(x+3;y2)
c) M(3x;2y)
d) M(x2;y+3)

3) Cho 2 php bin hnh f1 v f2: Vi mi im M(x;y) ta c f1(M)=M1(x;y) v


f2(M)=M2(x;y). Tm ta ca im C bit f2(A(3;1))=B v f1(B)=C ?
a) C(3;1)
b) C(3;1)
c) C(3;1)
d) C(3;1)
4) Cho php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(2x;y+1). Qua f , nh ca ng
thng d:x3y2=0 l ng thng d c phng trnh no sau y?
a) x+6y2=0
b) 2xy3=0
c) 3x+2y+1=0
d) x3y+6=0
5) Cho php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(
sai?
a)
b)
c)
d)

x
;3y ). Khng nh no sau y
2

f (O)=O.
f(A(a;0))Ox.
f(B(0;b))Oy.
f(M(2;3)) l M(1;9).

6) Cho 2 php bin hnh f1 v f2: Vi mi im M(x;y) ta c f1(M)=M1(x+2;y4) v


f2(M)=M2(x;y). Tm nh ca A(4;1) trong php bin hnh f2(f1(A)) (qua f1 ri qua f2):
a) (0;4)
b) (6;5)
c) (5;0)
d) (6;3)
7) Cho 3 php bin hnh f1, f2 v f3: Vi mi im M(x;y) ta c f1(M)=M1(x;y),
f2(M)=M2(x;y) v f3(M)=M3(x;y). Cc php bin hnh no l php i xng trc:
a) f1 v f2
b) f2 v f3
c) f1 v f3
d) f1 , f2 v f3
8) Cho ng thng d:x+y=0. Qua php i xng trc d im A(4;1) c nh l B c ta :
a) (4;1)
b) (4;1)
c) (1;4)
d) (1;4)
9) Qua php i xng trc Ox im M(x;y) c nh l M v qua php i xng trc Oy im
M c nh l M c ta :
a) (2x; 2y)
b) (2x;2y)
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
d) (x; y)

c) (y; x)

10)
Cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;6), B(0;1) v C(1;6). Khng nh no sau y sai?
Tam gic ABC l tam gic cn B.
Tam gic ABC c mt trc i xng.
Qua php i xng trc Ox tam gic ABC bin thnh chnh n.
i) Trng tm G ca tam gic ABC bin thnh chnh n trong php i xng trc Oy.
11)
Cho 4 im A(0;2), B(4;1), C(1;4) v D(2;3). Trong cc tam gic sau, tam
gic no c trc i xng?
a) Tam gic OAB
b) Tam gic OBC
c) Tam gic OCD
d) Tam gic ODA

12)

Php tnh tin theo vect v =(2;5) bin ng thng ( ) thnh ng thng
( ): x+4y5=0. Phng trnh ca ng thng ( ) l:
a) x+4y+2=0
b) x+4y10=0
c) x+4y+13=0
d) x+4y5=0

13)
Php tnh tin theo vect v 0 bin ng thng ( ):6x+2y1=0 thnh chnh

n. Vect v l vect no trong cc vect sau y?

a) v =(6;2)
b) v =(1;3)

c) v =(2;6)

d) v =(1;3)

14)
Cho tam gic ABC c A(3;0), B(2;4) v C(4;5). Gi G l trng tm ca tam

gic ABC. Php tnh tin theo vect v = AG bin G thnh G c ta l:
a) G(0;3)
c) G(5;6)

b) G(4;0)
d) G(6;2)

15) Cho hai ng thng d:x3y8=0 v d:2x6y+5=0. Php i xng tm I(0;m) bin d
thnh d v ngc li, tnh m ?
11
4
11
c) m=
12

15
4
13
d) m=
12

a) m=

b) m=

16) C hay khng mt php i xng tm I bin ng trn (C):(x2)2+(y+8)2=12 thnh


ng trn (C):x2+y2+2x6y7=0?
a) Khng c
1
2

1 5
; )
2 2
1 5
d) C, I( ; )
2 2

b) C, I(
5
2

c) C, I( ; )

17) Php quay tm O gc quay 1350 bin A(2;2) thnh A c ta nh th no?


a) A(0;2)
b) A(2;0)
c) A(0;2 2 )
d) A(2 2 ;0)

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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
18) Cho hai im A(4;0) v B(0;6), php v t tm O, t s k=

thnh vect v' c ta :


a) (4;1)
c) (12;3)

OB

bin vect v =(8;2)


OA

b) (10;4)
d) (6;1)

19) Cho hai ng thng d:2xy4=0 v d:2xy6=0. Php v t tm O t s k bin ng


thng d thnh ng thng d. T s k bng:
3
2
a)
b)
2
3
1
c)
d) 2
2
20) Php ng dng hp thnh bi php v t tm O, t s k=2 v php quay tm O, gc
quay 900 bin im A(2;0) thnh im A c ta :
a) (0;6)
b) (3;0)
c) (0;4)
d) (5;0)
p n:
1) c
2) b
11)b 12)c

3) b
13)b

4) a
14)c

5) d
15)c

6) b
16)a

7) c
17)d

8) d
18)c

9) d
19)b

10) c
20) c

MT S BI TP

r
Bi 1: Trong mp ta Oxy, cho php tnh tin T theo vect u = ( a; b ) .
1/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng thng d: Ax + By + C = 0 qua php tnh tin T.
2/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn ( C ) : x2 + y2 + 2Ax + 2By + C = 0 qua php tnh tin T.
3/ Qua php tnh tin T, th ca hm s y = kx2 c nh l th ca hm s no ?
4/ Qua php tnh tin T, th ca hm s y =

1
c nh l th ca hm s no ?
x

Bi 2: Cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn (O, R), trong AD = R. Dng cc hnh bnh hnh
DABM, DACN. Chng minh rng tm ng trn ngai tip tam gic DNM nm trn (O, R).
r
Bi 3: Trong mp Oxy, cho im A(1;3) v u = ( 2; 4 ) . Xc nh im M, nh ca im M cho
r
bi php tnh tin T( u ).
r
Bi 4: Trong mp Oxy, cho vect u = ( 1; 2 ) . Tm nh ca ng trn (C): x2 + y2 4x 2y 4 = 0
r
Cho bi php tnh tin T( u ).
r
r
Bi 5: Trong mp Oxy, cho vect u = ( 1; 2 ) . Tm nh cho bi php tnh tin T( u ) ca cc ng
conic sau:
a/

Parabol (P): y2 = 4x.

x2 y2
+
=1
16 9
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b/

Elip (E):

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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
x2 y2

=1
16 9
r
r
Bi 6: Trong mp Oxy, cho vect u = ( 2; 4 ) . Tm nh cho bi php tnh tin T( u ) ca cc ng
c/

Hyperbol (H):

a/

Parabol (P): y2 = 2x.

b/

Elip (E): 4x2 + y2 = 4

c/

Hyperbol (H):

x2 4y2 = 4

ng trn ( C ): x2 + y2 4x + 6y = 0
r
Bi 7: Trong mt phng Oxy cho vct u = ( 1; 2 ) v hai im A(3;5), B(-1;1) v ng thng d
c phng trnh x 2y + 3 = 0
r
a/ Tm ta cc im A, B theo th t l nh ca A v B qua php tnh tin theo vct u .
r
b/ Tm ta im C sao cho A l nh ca C qua php tnh tin theo vct u .
r
c/ Tm phng trnh ng thng d l nh ca d qua php tnh tin theo vct u .
r
Bi 8: Trong mt phng Oxy cho php tnh tin T theo vct u = ( 1; 2 )
d/

a/ Vit phng trnh nh ca mi ng thng sau y qua php tnh tin T


+ ng thng a c phng trnh 3x 5y + 1 = 0
+ ng thng b c phng trnh 2x + y + 100 = 0
b/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn x2 + y2 4x + y 1 = 0 qua php tnh tin T.
Bi 9: Trong mt phng
Oxy cho hai ng thng a: Ax + By + C = 0 v a:Ax + By + C = 0.
r
Tm nhng vct u sao cho php tnh tin T theo vct bin a thnh a.
Bi 10: Cho tam gic ABC c nh, trc tm H. V hnh thoi BCDE. K DDAB, EEAC;
DD v EE giao nhau ti M. Tm tp hp im M khi hnh thoi BCDE thay i.
Bi 11: Cho ng trn (O) tm O, bn knh R. Trn (O), ly hai im c nh A, B v mt im
C di ng. Tm tp hp trc tm H ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 12: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c hai nh A, B c nh. Tm tp hp nh D khi:
a/ C di ng trn ng thng d c nh cho trc.
b/ C di ng trn ng trn (O) tm O c nh, bn knh R cho trc.
Bi 13: Gi s php di hnh f bin tam gic ABC thnh tam gic ABC. Chng minh rng:
a/ Trng tm tam gic ABC bin thnh trng tm tam gic ABC.
b/ Trc tm tam gic ABC bin thnh trc tm tam gic ABC.
c/ Tm ng trn ngai tip, ni tip tam gic ABC ln lt bin thnh tm ng trn ngai
tip, ni tip tam gic ABC.
Bi 14: Trong mp Oxy, xt php bin hnh f bin im M(x;y) thnh im M(y;-x). Chng minh
rng y l php di hnh.
Bi 15: Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai im A(1;-2), B(3;1). Tm nh ca A, B v ng thng
AB qua php i xng trc Ox; php i xng trc Oy.

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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Bi 16. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d: 3x y + 2 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng
d l nh ca d qua php i xng trc Oy
Bi 17 Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d v ng trn (C) c phng trnh:
d: Ax + By + C = 0
(C): x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0
1/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng thng d qua php i xng trc Ox.
2/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn ( C ) qua php i xng trc Oy
3/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn ( C ) qua php i xng trc c trc l ng thng
bx ay = 0
Bi 17. Trong mp Oxy, cho Parabol (P): y = x2. Tm hnh i xng (P) ca (P) qua ng thng
(d): y x = 0.
Bi 18. Trong mp Oxy cho ng thng (d): x 2y + 2 = 0 v ng trn : x2 + y2 2x = 0
1/ Tm nh ca M(1;0) qua php i xng trc d
2/ Tm nh ca ng thng d qua php i xng trc Ox
3/ Tm nh ca qua php i xng trc Oy
4/ Tm nh ca qua php i xng trc d.
Bi 19. Trong mp Oxy cho ng trn : x2 + y2 + 2x 4y 4 = 0 v ng Elp
(E): x2 + 4y2 = 1
1/ Tm nh ca qua d vi d: x + y = 0
2/ Tm nh ca (E) qua Oy.
Bi 20: Cho php quay tm O vi gc quay l v cho ng thng d.
1/ Hy nu cch dng nh d ca d qua php quay Q(O, )
2/ Gc hp bi hai ng thng d v d c quan h vi gc nh th no?
Bi 21: Cho hai tam gic vung cn OAB v OAB c chung nh O sao cho O nm trn an
thng AB v nm ngoi an thng AB. Gi G v G ln lt l trng tm tam gic OAA v
OBB. Chng minh GOG l tam gic vung cn.
Bi 22: Cho php i xng tm O v ng thng d khng i qua O.
1/ Hy nu cch dng nh d ca d qua O.
2/ Cch dng c th thc hin c hay khng nu ch s dng compa mt ln v thc thng
ba ln.
Bi 23: Cho t gic li ABCD. Trn cc cnh AB v CD, v phi ngoi, ta dng cc tam gic u
ABM v CDP. Trn hai cnh cn li, v pha trong t gic, ta dng cc tam gic u BCN v
ADK. Chng minh MN = PK.
Bi 24: Trong h ta Oxy, cho ng thng ( ): Ax + By + C = 0 v im I(a;b). Php I
(i xng tm I) bin ng thng thnh ng thng .Vit phng trnh ng thng .
Bi 25: Cho hnh vung ABCD. Mt ng thng d ct cc ng thng AB v CD tng ng
ti cc im M, N. Mt ng thng d vung gc vi d ct cc ng thng AD v BC tng
ng ti cc im P v Q. CMR: MN = PQ
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Bi 26: Trong h ta Oxy, cho im I(1;2), ng thng (d) c phng trnh: 3x y + 9 = 0
v ng trn (C) c phng trnh: x2 + y2 + 2x 6y + 6 = 0. Hy vit phng trnh nh ca d v
(c) qua php i xng tm I.
x2 y 2
Bi 27: CMR gc ta l tm i xng ca ng elp c phng trnh: 2 + 2 = 1 v ng
a
b
2
2
x
y
hypebol c phng trnh 2 2 = 1 .
a
b
Bi 28: 1/ CMR nu mt hnh c hai trc i xng vung gc nhau th hnh c tm i xng.
Cho v d.
2/ o li, nu mt hnh c tm i xng th n c hai trc i xng vung gcnhau: ng hay
sai. Cho v d minh ha khng nh .
Bi 29: Cho tam gic ABC, Trn cc cnh AB, AC ta dng ra pha ngai cc hnh vung ABMN
v ACPQ.
a. Chng minh: NCBQ v NC = BQ
b. Gi M l trung im ca BC, chng minh AM QN v AM =

NQ
.
2

Bi 30: Gi s php i xng tm O bin ng thng d thnh ng thng d. Chng minh:


a) Nu d khng i qua tm i xng O th d song song vi d, O cch u d v d
b) Hai ng thng d v d trng nhau khi v ch khi d i qua O.
Bi 31: Ch ra cc tm i xng ca cc hnh sau y:
a) Hnh gm hai ng thng ct nhau;
b) Hnh gm hai ng thng song song;
c) Hnh gm hai ng trn bng nhau;
d) ng elip;
e) ng hypebol
Bi 32: Cho hai im B, C c nh trn ng trn (O; R) v mt im A thay i trn ng
trn . Hy dng php i xng tm chng minh rng trc tm H ca tam gic ABC nm
trn mt ng trn c nh. (hnh 1)
Bi 33: Cho ng trn (O; R); ng thng v im I. Tm im A trn (O; R) v im B
trn sao cho I l trung im ca on thng HM. (hnh 2)

C
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR

Bi 34: Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong ng trn (O;R). Gi H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC.
Chng minh ng trn ngai tip cc tam gic HBC, HCA, HAB c bn knh bng bn knh
ng trn (O).
Bi 35: Trong h trc Oxy, cho hai parabol (P) v (P) ln lt c phng trnh y = ax 2 v
y = ax2 + bx + c ( a 0 ). Chng minh rng hai parabol bng nhau.
Bi 36: Cc iu kin sau y c phi l iu kin ai hnh t gic li ABCD v ABCD
bng nhau khng?
1/ C cc cp cnh tng ng bng nhau (AB = AB, BC = BC, CD = CD, DA = DA).
2/ C cc cp cnh tng ng bng nhau v mt ng cho tng ng bng nhau ( chng hn
AC = AC )
3/ C cc cp cnh tng ng bng nhau v mt cp gc tng ng bng nhau
Bi 37: Chng minh rng hai hnh ch nht c cng kch thc (cng chiu di chiu rng) th
bng nhau.
Bi 38: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD
1/ Chng minh rng O l tm i xng ca hnh bnh hnh
2/ Chng minh rng bt k ng thng d no i qua O cng chia hnh bnh hnh thnh hai hnh
bng nhau
3/ Cho hai hnh bnh hnh ABCD v ABCD. Hy v mt ng thng chia mi hnh bnh
hnh thnh hai hnh bng nhau.
Bi 39: Trong h trc ta Oxy, cho hai ng trn c phng trnh
( x 1 )2 + ( y 3 )2 = 1 v ( x 4 )2 + ( y 3 )2 = 4
a/ Xc nh ta tm v t ngoi ca hai ng trn .
b/ Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn chung ngai ca hai ng trn .
Bi 40: Cho tam gic ABC vi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh BC, CA, AB; H, G, O
ln lt l trc tm, trng tm, tm ng trn ngoi tip ca tam gic ABC, I l tm ca d ABC,
I l tm ca ng trn (MNP).
1
a/ Chng minh rng tam gic MNP l nh ca tam gic ABC trong php v t tm G, t s .
2
T suy ra 4 im O, G, I, H thng hng v I l trung im on OH.
1
bin ng trn (ABC) thnh ng trn (MNP).
2
T suy ra rng, trong mt tam gic, trung im 3 cnh, chn 3 g cao v trung im cc
an ni trc tm vi 3 nh l 9 im cng trn mt ng trn.
b/ Chng minh rng php v t tm H, t s

Bi 41: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho im A(-2;2) v ng thng d i qua A c h s gc


bng 1. Gi B l im di ng trn d. Gi C l im sao cho t gic OABC l mt hnh bnh
hnh. Tm phng trnh tp hp:
a/ Cc tm i xng I ca hnh bnh hnh.
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
b/ Cc trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 42: Cho ng trn (O) c nh v tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (O) c hai nh A, B c
nh, cn C di ng.
a/ Tm qu tch trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
b/ T suy ra qu tch trc tm H ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 43: Cho ng trn (O) c ng knh AB. Gi C l im i xng vi A qua B v PQ l
ng knh thay i ca (O) khc vi ng knh AB. ng thng CQ ct PA v PB ln lt ti
Mv N.
a/ Chng minh rng Q l trung im ca CM, N l trung im ca CQ.
b/ Tm qu tch cc im M v N khi ng knh PQ thay i.
--------------------------------------------------------

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