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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Bi 10:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm nh ca ng thng d:2xy+1=0 trong php tnh
tin T
vi u =(3;4)
u
Bi 11: Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, tm nh ca ng trn (C): (x1)2+(y+2)2=4 trong php
tnh tin T
vi u =(2;3)
u
Bi 12: Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho ng thng d:x2y+1=0 v im I(2;1).
a/ Chng minh rng Id. Vit phng trnh ca ng thng ( ) i qua I v ( ) song song vi
d.
b/ Cho A(3;2) v B(5;0). Chng minh A v B khng nm phn mt phng gia hai ng
thng d v ( ).
c/ Tm ta ca Md v ca N( ) sao cho AM+BN ngn nht.
Gii:
a/ Thay ta ca I(2;1) vo v tri phng trnh ng thng d: 22(1)+1=50 Id.
b/ Ta c: d//( )
T d:x2y+1=0, xt F(x,y)= x2y+1 v t ( ):x2y4=0 xt G(x,y)= x2y4. Chn O(0;0) nm
phn mt phng gia hai ng thng d v ( ).
V F(0;0)=1>0 v G(0,0)= 4<0 nn phn mt phng gia hai ng thng d v ( ) ta c
F(x,y).G(x,y)<0
V F(xA,yA).G(xA,yA)= F(3,2).G(3,2)= 6. (11)>0 nn A khng nm phn mt phng gia
hai ng thng d v ( ).
V F(xB,yB).G(xB,yB)= F(5,0).G(5,0)= 6.1>0 nn B khng nm phn mt phng gia hai
ng thng d v ( ).
V F(xA,yA)=6<0 v G(xA,yA)= 11<0 v v F(xB,yB)=6>0 v G(xB,yB)=1>0 nn A v B nm v
hai pha khc nhau so vi phn mt phng gia hai ng thng d v ( ).
Ta xc nh c hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn d l H(1;1). Vy trong php tnh tin theo
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
y= 0 x= 4
x 2y 4 = 0 y = 0
2x + y 8 = 0 x = 3
x 2y + 1 = 0 y = 2
M(3;2)
Gii:
V yA.yB=1.4=4>0 nn A v B nm v cng mt pha so vi Ox:y=0.
Gi A(1;1) l im i xng vi A(1;1) qua Ox.
Nu AB ct Ox ti M th AM=AM. V A, M, B thng hng nn AM+MB=AM+BM
ngn nht. Vy M cn tm l giao im ca AB vi Ox.
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
2
5x 3y + 2 = 0 x =
5
y= 0 y= 0
2
5
Vy M ( ;0) l im cn tm.
Bi 14:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho ng trn (C):(x1)2+(y+2)2=9. Tm nh ca (C)
trong php i xng qua ng phn gic d:y=x.
Bi 15:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(4;0), B(0;2) v C(1; 5).
a/ Chng minh rng tam gic ABC c gc A nhn. Tm ta trong tm G ca tam gic ABC.
b/ Vit phng trnh ca cc ng thng AB v AC.
c/ Tm ta cc im MAB v NAC tam gic GMN c chu vi nh nht.
Gii:
cos A =
AB. AC
| AB | . | AC |
cosA>0 A nhn
4(5) + 2.(5)
(4) 2 + 2 2 . (5) 2 + (5) 2
1
10
1
G l trng tm ca tam gic ABCOG = (OA + OB + OC ) nn trng tm G ca tam gic ABC
3
c ta :
xA + xB + xC
=1
x G =
3
G(1;1)
y = yA + yB + yC = 1
G
3
b/ Phng trnh AB c dng on chn:
x
y
x y
+
= 1 + = 1 x+2y4=0
x A yB
4 2
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
1
) v ct AC ti N(3;1).
2
1
) AB v N(3;1)AC th tam gic GMN c chu vi nh nht.
2
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Bi 22:Trong h ta vung gc Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C):x2+y2=1 v (C): (x+3)2+
(y3)2=4. Lp phng trnh cc tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn trn.
Gii:
ng trn (C) c tm O, bn knh R1=1 v ng trn (C) c tm O(3;3), bn knh R2=2.
V :
O 'O= 3 2
OO>R +R (C) v (C) ngoi nhau.
R1 + R2 = 3
1
d(O, )=R
| A (0 + 1) + B(0 1) |
A 2 + B2
=1
| A B | = A 2 + B2
(A-B)2= A2+B2
A.B=0
A=0 hoc B=0
2
2
V A +B 0 nn vi A=0 ta chn B=1; vi B=0 ta chn A=1.
Thay cc cp (A;B) ny vo (1) ta c phng trnh ca 2 tip tuyn chung trong
ca (C) v (C) l:
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y1=0
x+1=0
Tm phng trnh ca 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi:
R2
Php v t t s k2=
=2 (k2>0), tm v t ngoi I2 bin ng trn (C) thnh
R1
x'= k x
y'= k y
x''= 2a x'
y''= 2b y'
V C'A ' =2 CA , C'B'=2 CB v A 'B' =2 AB nn tam gic ABC ng dng tam gic
ABC theo t s k=2.
Vy qua php v t tm O t s k=2 v php i xng tm I(1;3) ta c php ng dng t s k=|
k|=2 bin tam gic ABC thnh tam gic ABC ng dng vi n.
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Bi 24: Cho php bin hnh f tha bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(x2;y+1)
a. Chng minh f l mt php di hnh.
b. Tm nh ca elip (E):
a.
b.
x2 y2
+
= 1 qua php bin hnh f.
16 4
x'= 2x
Bi 25:Cho php bin hnh f tha bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y) sao cho:
.
y'= 2y
Bi 26:Vi cho trc, xt php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y), trong :
x'= xc o s ys in
y'= xs in+ yc o s
x'= x 2
y'= y + 1
a)
b)
Bi 29:Tm nh ca parabol (P): y=ax2 qua php tnh tin theo vect v =(m;n) .
Kt qu: (P): y=a(xm)2+n
Bi 30:Php tnh tin theo vect v =(3;m) 0 bin ng thng ( ):4x+6y1=0 thnh chnh
n. Gi tr ca m bng bao nhiu?
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Kt qu: m=2
Bi 31:Php tnh tin theo vect v 0 bin ng thng ( ):3xy2=0 thnh ng thng
Bi 32:Php tnh tin theo vect v =(2;3) bin ng trn (C):x2+y26x+2y5=0 thnh ng
trn (C) c tm I. Tm ta ca I.
Kt qu: I(5;4)
Bi 33: C hay khng mt php tnh tin theo vect v bin ng trn (C):(x+1)2+(y3)2=8
thnh ng trn (C):x2+y2+4x+8y+12=0?
Hng dn v kt qu: (C) v (C) c cng bn knh R=R=2 2 , (C) c tm I(1;3) v (C)
c tm I(2;4), php tnh tin theo vect v = II '=(1;7) bin ng trn (C) thnh ng
trn (C).
Bi 34:Cho hnh bnh hnh OABC vi A(2;1) v B trn ng thng d:2xy5=0. Tp hp ca
C l ng no?
Hng dn v kt qu:
O
B
d
x = 2+ x'
y = 1+ y'
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
x'=
y'=
32
0
0
x
'
=
0
c
o
4
s
5
3
s
i
n
4
5
=
x c o s ys in
2
2
3 2 3 2
;
)
2
2
tm A(
Bi 37:Php quay tm O gc quay 900 bin ng trn (C): x2+y2+4y5=0 thnh ng trn (C).
Tm phng trnh ca ng trn (C)
Hng dn v kt qu: M(x;y)(C)x2+y2+4y5=0 (1)
Php quay tm O gc quay 900 bin im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y) vi:
x'= y x = y'
y'= x y = x'
3
bin im A(6;2) thnh A c ta no?
2
Kt qu: A(9;3)
Bi 39:Cho ba im A(0;3), B(2;1) v C(1;5). C hay khng mt php v t tm A, bin im
B thnh C?
1
thnh DC ?
Hng dn v kt qu:
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
2
2
x'+3
y'+5
+3
8=0x+3y+2=0
2
2
'
Vy M(x;y) d1
: x+3y+2=0
'
Tng t d2 : x2y3=0
'
b) Hai ng thng d1 v d1
song song vi nhau v chng c cng vect ch phng
'
n1 = (1;3) . Hai ng thng d2 v d2 song song vi nhau v chng c cng vect ch
phng n = (1;2) .
2
'
Vy : ( d1 , d'2 )=(d1,d2)
e) Gi l gc to bi d1 v d2 ta c:
cos =
| n1. n2 |
| n1 ||n2 |
1.1+ 3(2)
10. 5
2
=450.
2
x'
x
=
y = y'
x' 2
y'
1) +( +2)2=5
2
2
(x+2)2+(y4)2=20
Vy M(x;y)(C): (x+2)2+(y4)2=20
Bi 43:Cho ng trn (C): (x1)2+(y2)2=4. Php ng dng hp thnh bi php v t tm O, t
s k=2 v php i xng trc Ox bin ng trn (C) thnh ng trn (C). Tm phng trnh
ca ng trn (C).
Kt qu: (C):(x+2)2+(y4)2=4
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Mt s trc nghim ca phng php ta trong php bin hnh
1) Cho php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M(x;y). Khng nh no sau y sai?
a) f l mt php di hnh.
b) Nu A(0;a) th f(A)=A.
c) M v f(M) i xng qua Ox.
d) f(M(2;3)) trn ng thng d: 2x+y+1=0.
2) Cho php bin hnh f bin mi im M(x;y) thnh M sao cho OM ' = OM + v vi v
=(3;2). Khng nh no sau y ng?
a) M(3x;2y)
b) M(x+3;y2)
c) M(3x;2y)
d) M(x2;y+3)
x
;3y ). Khng nh no sau y
2
f (O)=O.
f(A(a;0))Ox.
f(B(0;b))Oy.
f(M(2;3)) l M(1;9).
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
d) (x; y)
c) (y; x)
10)
Cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;6), B(0;1) v C(1;6). Khng nh no sau y sai?
Tam gic ABC l tam gic cn B.
Tam gic ABC c mt trc i xng.
Qua php i xng trc Ox tam gic ABC bin thnh chnh n.
i) Trng tm G ca tam gic ABC bin thnh chnh n trong php i xng trc Oy.
11)
Cho 4 im A(0;2), B(4;1), C(1;4) v D(2;3). Trong cc tam gic sau, tam
gic no c trc i xng?
a) Tam gic OAB
b) Tam gic OBC
c) Tam gic OCD
d) Tam gic ODA
12)
Php tnh tin theo vect v =(2;5) bin ng thng ( ) thnh ng thng
( ): x+4y5=0. Phng trnh ca ng thng ( ) l:
a) x+4y+2=0
b) x+4y10=0
c) x+4y+13=0
d) x+4y5=0
13)
Php tnh tin theo vect v 0 bin ng thng ( ):6x+2y1=0 thnh chnh
a) v =(6;2)
b) v =(1;3)
c) v =(2;6)
d) v =(1;3)
14)
Cho tam gic ABC c A(3;0), B(2;4) v C(4;5). Gi G l trng tm ca tam
gic ABC. Php tnh tin theo vect v = AG bin G thnh G c ta l:
a) G(0;3)
c) G(5;6)
b) G(4;0)
d) G(6;2)
15) Cho hai ng thng d:x3y8=0 v d:2x6y+5=0. Php i xng tm I(0;m) bin d
thnh d v ngc li, tnh m ?
11
4
11
c) m=
12
15
4
13
d) m=
12
a) m=
b) m=
1 5
; )
2 2
1 5
d) C, I( ; )
2 2
b) C, I(
5
2
c) C, I( ; )
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
18) Cho hai im A(4;0) v B(0;6), php v t tm O, t s k=
OB
b) (10;4)
d) (6;1)
3) b
13)b
4) a
14)c
5) d
15)c
6) b
16)a
7) c
17)d
8) d
18)c
9) d
19)b
10) c
20) c
MT S BI TP
r
Bi 1: Trong mp ta Oxy, cho php tnh tin T theo vect u = ( a; b ) .
1/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng thng d: Ax + By + C = 0 qua php tnh tin T.
2/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn ( C ) : x2 + y2 + 2Ax + 2By + C = 0 qua php tnh tin T.
3/ Qua php tnh tin T, th ca hm s y = kx2 c nh l th ca hm s no ?
4/ Qua php tnh tin T, th ca hm s y =
1
c nh l th ca hm s no ?
x
Bi 2: Cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn (O, R), trong AD = R. Dng cc hnh bnh hnh
DABM, DACN. Chng minh rng tm ng trn ngai tip tam gic DNM nm trn (O, R).
r
Bi 3: Trong mp Oxy, cho im A(1;3) v u = ( 2; 4 ) . Xc nh im M, nh ca im M cho
r
bi php tnh tin T( u ).
r
Bi 4: Trong mp Oxy, cho vect u = ( 1; 2 ) . Tm nh ca ng trn (C): x2 + y2 4x 2y 4 = 0
r
Cho bi php tnh tin T( u ).
r
r
Bi 5: Trong mp Oxy, cho vect u = ( 1; 2 ) . Tm nh cho bi php tnh tin T( u ) ca cc ng
conic sau:
a/
x2 y2
+
=1
16 9
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b/
Elip (E):
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
x2 y2
=1
16 9
r
r
Bi 6: Trong mp Oxy, cho vect u = ( 2; 4 ) . Tm nh cho bi php tnh tin T( u ) ca cc ng
c/
Hyperbol (H):
a/
b/
c/
Hyperbol (H):
x2 4y2 = 4
ng trn ( C ): x2 + y2 4x + 6y = 0
r
Bi 7: Trong mt phng Oxy cho vct u = ( 1; 2 ) v hai im A(3;5), B(-1;1) v ng thng d
c phng trnh x 2y + 3 = 0
r
a/ Tm ta cc im A, B theo th t l nh ca A v B qua php tnh tin theo vct u .
r
b/ Tm ta im C sao cho A l nh ca C qua php tnh tin theo vct u .
r
c/ Tm phng trnh ng thng d l nh ca d qua php tnh tin theo vct u .
r
Bi 8: Trong mt phng Oxy cho php tnh tin T theo vct u = ( 1; 2 )
d/
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Bi 16. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d: 3x y + 2 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng
d l nh ca d qua php i xng trc Oy
Bi 17 Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d v ng trn (C) c phng trnh:
d: Ax + By + C = 0
(C): x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0
1/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng thng d qua php i xng trc Ox.
2/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn ( C ) qua php i xng trc Oy
3/ Vit phng trnh nh ca ng trn ( C ) qua php i xng trc c trc l ng thng
bx ay = 0
Bi 17. Trong mp Oxy, cho Parabol (P): y = x2. Tm hnh i xng (P) ca (P) qua ng thng
(d): y x = 0.
Bi 18. Trong mp Oxy cho ng thng (d): x 2y + 2 = 0 v ng trn : x2 + y2 2x = 0
1/ Tm nh ca M(1;0) qua php i xng trc d
2/ Tm nh ca ng thng d qua php i xng trc Ox
3/ Tm nh ca qua php i xng trc Oy
4/ Tm nh ca qua php i xng trc d.
Bi 19. Trong mp Oxy cho ng trn : x2 + y2 + 2x 4y 4 = 0 v ng Elp
(E): x2 + 4y2 = 1
1/ Tm nh ca qua d vi d: x + y = 0
2/ Tm nh ca (E) qua Oy.
Bi 20: Cho php quay tm O vi gc quay l v cho ng thng d.
1/ Hy nu cch dng nh d ca d qua php quay Q(O, )
2/ Gc hp bi hai ng thng d v d c quan h vi gc nh th no?
Bi 21: Cho hai tam gic vung cn OAB v OAB c chung nh O sao cho O nm trn an
thng AB v nm ngoi an thng AB. Gi G v G ln lt l trng tm tam gic OAA v
OBB. Chng minh GOG l tam gic vung cn.
Bi 22: Cho php i xng tm O v ng thng d khng i qua O.
1/ Hy nu cch dng nh d ca d qua O.
2/ Cch dng c th thc hin c hay khng nu ch s dng compa mt ln v thc thng
ba ln.
Bi 23: Cho t gic li ABCD. Trn cc cnh AB v CD, v phi ngoi, ta dng cc tam gic u
ABM v CDP. Trn hai cnh cn li, v pha trong t gic, ta dng cc tam gic u BCN v
ADK. Chng minh MN = PK.
Bi 24: Trong h ta Oxy, cho ng thng ( ): Ax + By + C = 0 v im I(a;b). Php I
(i xng tm I) bin ng thng thnh ng thng .Vit phng trnh ng thng .
Bi 25: Cho hnh vung ABCD. Mt ng thng d ct cc ng thng AB v CD tng ng
ti cc im M, N. Mt ng thng d vung gc vi d ct cc ng thng AD v BC tng
ng ti cc im P v Q. CMR: MN = PQ
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Bi 26: Trong h ta Oxy, cho im I(1;2), ng thng (d) c phng trnh: 3x y + 9 = 0
v ng trn (C) c phng trnh: x2 + y2 + 2x 6y + 6 = 0. Hy vit phng trnh nh ca d v
(c) qua php i xng tm I.
x2 y 2
Bi 27: CMR gc ta l tm i xng ca ng elp c phng trnh: 2 + 2 = 1 v ng
a
b
2
2
x
y
hypebol c phng trnh 2 2 = 1 .
a
b
Bi 28: 1/ CMR nu mt hnh c hai trc i xng vung gc nhau th hnh c tm i xng.
Cho v d.
2/ o li, nu mt hnh c tm i xng th n c hai trc i xng vung gcnhau: ng hay
sai. Cho v d minh ha khng nh .
Bi 29: Cho tam gic ABC, Trn cc cnh AB, AC ta dng ra pha ngai cc hnh vung ABMN
v ACPQ.
a. Chng minh: NCBQ v NC = BQ
b. Gi M l trung im ca BC, chng minh AM QN v AM =
NQ
.
2
C
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
Bi 34: Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong ng trn (O;R). Gi H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC.
Chng minh ng trn ngai tip cc tam gic HBC, HCA, HAB c bn knh bng bn knh
ng trn (O).
Bi 35: Trong h trc Oxy, cho hai parabol (P) v (P) ln lt c phng trnh y = ax 2 v
y = ax2 + bx + c ( a 0 ). Chng minh rng hai parabol bng nhau.
Bi 36: Cc iu kin sau y c phi l iu kin ai hnh t gic li ABCD v ABCD
bng nhau khng?
1/ C cc cp cnh tng ng bng nhau (AB = AB, BC = BC, CD = CD, DA = DA).
2/ C cc cp cnh tng ng bng nhau v mt ng cho tng ng bng nhau ( chng hn
AC = AC )
3/ C cc cp cnh tng ng bng nhau v mt cp gc tng ng bng nhau
Bi 37: Chng minh rng hai hnh ch nht c cng kch thc (cng chiu di chiu rng) th
bng nhau.
Bi 38: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD
1/ Chng minh rng O l tm i xng ca hnh bnh hnh
2/ Chng minh rng bt k ng thng d no i qua O cng chia hnh bnh hnh thnh hai hnh
bng nhau
3/ Cho hai hnh bnh hnh ABCD v ABCD. Hy v mt ng thng chia mi hnh bnh
hnh thnh hai hnh bng nhau.
Bi 39: Trong h trc ta Oxy, cho hai ng trn c phng trnh
( x 1 )2 + ( y 3 )2 = 1 v ( x 4 )2 + ( y 3 )2 = 4
a/ Xc nh ta tm v t ngoi ca hai ng trn .
b/ Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn chung ngai ca hai ng trn .
Bi 40: Cho tam gic ABC vi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh BC, CA, AB; H, G, O
ln lt l trc tm, trng tm, tm ng trn ngoi tip ca tam gic ABC, I l tm ca d ABC,
I l tm ca ng trn (MNP).
1
a/ Chng minh rng tam gic MNP l nh ca tam gic ABC trong php v t tm G, t s .
2
T suy ra 4 im O, G, I, H thng hng v I l trung im on OH.
1
bin ng trn (ABC) thnh ng trn (MNP).
2
T suy ra rng, trong mt tam gic, trung im 3 cnh, chn 3 g cao v trung im cc
an ni trc tm vi 3 nh l 9 im cng trn mt ng trn.
b/ Chng minh rng php v t tm H, t s
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TRUNG TM GIA S C TR
b/ Cc trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 42: Cho ng trn (O) c nh v tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (O) c hai nh A, B c
nh, cn C di ng.
a/ Tm qu tch trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
b/ T suy ra qu tch trc tm H ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 43: Cho ng trn (O) c ng knh AB. Gi C l im i xng vi A qua B v PQ l
ng knh thay i ca (O) khc vi ng knh AB. ng thng CQ ct PA v PB ln lt ti
Mv N.
a/ Chng minh rng Q l trung im ca CM, N l trung im ca CQ.
b/ Tm qu tch cc im M v N khi ng knh PQ thay i.
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