You are on page 1of 109

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Lu Huynh Van Long


Email: vanlongthpt@gmail.com

CAU TAO NGUYEN T

1. CAU TAO NGUYEN T


Nguyen t c cau tao bi hai phan : vo va hat nhan. 1. VO NGUYEN T Gom cac hat electron (e) Moi hat electron co: - ien tch la : 1,6 x 10-19 (c) hay 1- Khoi lng la : 9,1x10-28 (g) hay 0,55x10-3 vC 2. HAT NHAN NGUYEN T Gom cac hat proton (p) va ntron (n). Moi hat proton co: - ien tch +1,6 x 10-19 (c) hay 1+ - Khoi lng la :1,67x10-24 (g) hay 1 vC Moi hat ntron co : - ien tch bang khong. - Khoi lng la :1,67x10-24 (g) hay 1 vC 3. KHOI LNG NGUYEN T la tong khoi lng cac hat electron , proton , ntron. Nhng v khoi lng electron qua be do o khoi lng nguyen t c xem nh la khoi lng cua proton va ntron. 4. IEN TCH HAT NHAN (Z+) la ien tch dng cua tong cac proton ien tch hat nhan (Z+) = So proton 5. SO KHOI (A) la tong so proton va so ntron A = Z + N. A la so khoi, Z la so proton, N la so ntron 6. NGUYEN TO HOA HOC la tap hp nhng nguyen t co cung ien tch hat nhan.

trang 1

BAI TAP

Lp 10

8. SO HIEU NGUYEN T (Z) la gia tr ac trng cho nguyen to hoa hoc v: So hieu nguyen t (Z) = THN = So proton = So electron

trang 2

BAI TAP
9. KY HIEU NGUYEN T Dung e nguyen t vi ay u cac ch dan .
A Z

Lp 10
dien at

X la ky hieu hoa hoc cua nguyen to Z la so hieu nguyen t A la so khoi 10. ONG V la tap hp nhng nguyen t co cung so proton, khac so ntron. 11. CAU TRUC ELECTRON TRONG NGUYEN T trong nguyen t cac electron chuyen ong khong theo mot quy ao xac nh nao vi van toc cc ky ln tao thanh may electron xung quanh hat nhan. Trong o moi electron co mc nang lng tng ng. Cac electron co mc nang lng gan bang nhau tao thanh lp electron (tng ng vi so n, hien nay co 7 lp, anh so : n = 1 en 7 hay t K en Q). Cac electron co mc nang lng bang nhau c xep vao mot phan lp ( co nhieu phan lp va c ky hieu s, p, d, f) Trong nguyen t cac electron chiem cac mc nang lng t thap en cao theo day: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s e nh ta dung quy tac Klechkowsky 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 6f 7s 7p 7d 7f Khi sap xep cac electron vao theo qui tac tren ta co cau hnh electron trong nguyen t (theo mc nang lng tang dan), neu sap theo lp e ta co cau truc electron.

trang 3

BAI TAP
VD :

Lp 10

Viet cau hnh electron cua cac nguyen to :

K(Z=19): 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

K
3p6 4s2

1 8 8 2
3d10 4p5

Br(Z=25)

2)8)8)1 1s2 2s2 3p6

3s2

Br

7 18 8 2

2)8)18)7 Vay cau hnh e cua Br la 1s2 2s2 3p6 3s2 3p6 3d104s2 4p5 Khi sap xep cac electron vao cac obitan th ta tuan theo qui tac Hund Trong cung phan lp cac electron c phan bo tren cac obitan sao cho so electron oc than la to a VD : O (Z = 8) 1s2 2s2 3p4 T cau truc electron, co the tnh so electron lp ngoai cung t o co the biet c ac iem c ban cua cac nguyen t: Lp ngoai cung co toi a 8 e, nguyen t co 8e lp ngoai cung eu rat ben vng o la cac kh hiem ( rieng kh hiem Heli ch co 2e lp ngoai cung), nguyen t co 1,2,3 electron lp ngoai cung la cac nguyen t kim loai, nguyen t co 5,6,7 electron lp ngoai cung la cac nguyen t phi kim.

trang 4

BAI TAP

Lp 10

12. OBITAN Obitan la khu vc khong gian xung quanh hat nhan ma o co kha nang hien dien electron la ln nhat. Tuy theo moi phan lp ma co so obitan khac nhau: phan lp s co 1 obitan s (hnh cau), phan lp p co 3 obitan p (hnh so 8 noi), phan lp d co 5 obitan d va phan lp f co 7 obitan (ieu co hnh dang phc tap ) Moi obitan ch cha toi a 2 electron vi spin ngc nhau: obitan co u 2e goi la e ghep oi, cha mot e goi la e oc than, khong cha e goi la obitan trong. 13. TOM TAT Nguyen tcau tao bi ba loai hat la e ( ien tch -1, khoi lng 0) nam lp vo); p ( ien tch +1, khoi lng 1 vC), n ( ien tch 0, khoi lng 1 vC) nam trong nhan. Vay trong nguyen t th cac hat mang ien la p va e, hat khong mang ien la n. Nguyen t trung hoa ien: Z = so p = so e = /THN/ mnguyen t = mp + mn, A = Z +N. do o ve tr so th A = mnguyen t . Kim loai co xu hng nhng tat ca electron ngoai cung tao ion dng tng ng co cau hnh e ben vng (8e lp ngoai cung) Phi kim co xu hng nhan them e ( ung bang so e thieu e at 8 electron lp ngoai cung) tao ion am tng ng.

BAI TAP LUYEN TAP


1) Neu thanh phan cau tao cua nguyen t ? So sanh ien tch va khoi lng cua p, n, e? 2) a) Hay tnh khoi lng nguyen t cua cac nguyen t sau: Nguyen t C (6e, 6p, 6n).

trang 5

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Nguyen t Na (11e, 11p, 12n). Nguyen t Al (13e, 13p, 14n). b) Tnh t so khoi lng nguyen t so vi khoi lng hat nhan? c) T o co the coi khoi lng nguyen t thc te bang khoi lng hat nhan c khong? S: 20,1.10-27 (kg) ; 38,51.10-27 (kg) ; 45,21.10-27 (kg) 3) Cho biet 1 nguyen t Mg co 12e, 12p, 12n. a) Tnh khoi lng 1 nguyen t Mg? b) 1 (mol) nguyen t Mg nang 24,305 (g). Tnh so nguyen t Mg co trong 1 (mol) Mg? S: a) 40,18.10-24 (g) ; b) 6,049.1023 nguyen t 4) Tnh khoi lng cua: a) 2,5.1024 nguyen t Na b) 1025 nguyen t Br S: a) 95,47 (g) ; b) 1328,24 (g)

2 . HAT NHAN NGUYEN T NGUYEN TO HOA HOC ONG V


1) nh ngha nguyen to hoa hoc? V sao so hieu
nguyen t lai ac trng cho mot nguyen to hoa hoc? 2) Nguyen t la g ? Phan t la g ? Phan t cua n chat va hp chat khac nhau cho nao ?

3) Neu s khac nhau gia ien tch hat nhan va


so khoi? nh ngha ong v? 4) Hay phan biet cac khai niem: so khoi, nguyen t khoi, khoi lng nguyen t, khoi lng mol. 5) Xac nh ien tch hat nhan, so p, so n, so e, khoi lng nguyen t cua nguyen to co k hieu nguyen t sau:

trang 6

BAI TAP
7 3

Lp 10
32 16 79 35

Li; F ; Na; Ca; S ; Br

19 9

23 11

40 20

6) Viet k hieu nguyen t cua nguyen to sau, biet: a) Silic co ien tch hat nhan la 14 +, so n la 14. b) Kem co 30e va 35n. c) Kali co 19p va 20n. d) Neon co so khoi la 20, so p bang so n. 7) Viet k hieu nguyen t cua nguyen to X, biet: a) X co 6p va 8n. b) X co so khoi la 27 va 14n. c) X co so khoi la 35 va so p kem so n la 1 hat. d) X co so khoi la 39 va so n bang 1,053 lan so p. 8) Xac nh cau tao hat (tm so e, so p, so n), viet k hieu nguyen t cua cac nguyen t sau, biet: a) Tong so hat c ban la 115, so hat mang ien nhieu hn so hat khong mang ien la 25 hat. b) Tong so hat c ban la 95, so hat mang ien nhieu hn so hat khong mang ien la 25 hat. c) Tong so hat c ban la 40, so hat khong mang ien nhieu hn so hat mang ien dng la 1 hat. d) Tong so hat c ban la 36, so hat mang ien gap oi so hat khong mang ien. e) Tong so hat c ban la 52, so hat khong mang ien bang 1,06 lan so hat mang ien am. f) Tong so hat c ban la 49, so hat khong mang ien bang 53,125% so hat mang ien. 80 65 27 24 35 33 S: a ) 35 X ; b) 30 X ; c ) 13 X ; d ) 12 X ; e) 17 X ; f ) 16 X 9) Xac nh cau tao hat (tm so e, so p, so n), viet k hieu nguyen t cua cac nguyen t sau, biet:

trang 7

BAI TAP

Lp 10

a) Tong so hat c ban la 13. b) Tong so hat c ban la 18. c) Tong so hat c ban la 52, so p ln hn 16. d) Tong so hat c ban la 58, so khoi nho hn 40. 9 12 35 39 S: a ) 4 X ; b) 6 X ; c) 17 X ; d ) 19 X 10) Tnh nguyen t lng trung bnh cua cac nguyen to sau, biet trong t nhien chung co cac ong v la:
58 60 61 62 a ) 28 Ni (67, 76%); 28 Ni (26,16%); 28 Ni(2, 42%); 28 Ni(3, 66%)

b) 16O(99, 757%); 17O(0, 039%); 18O(0, 204%) 8 8 8


55 56 57 58 c ) 26 Fe(5,84%); 26 Fe(91, 68%); 26 Fe(2,17%); 26 Fe(0,31%)

d ) 204 Pb(2,5%); 206 Pb(23, 7%); 207 Pb(22, 4%); 208 Pb(51, 4%) 82 82 82 82
S: a) 58,74 ; b) 16,00 ; c) 55,97 ; d) 207,20

11)

Clo co hai ong v la 17 Cl ; 17 Cl . T le so nguyen t cua hai ong v nay la 3 : 1. Tnh nguyen t lng trung bnh cua Clo. S: 35,5 Brom co hai ong v la 35 Br ; 35 Br . T le so nguyen t cua hai ong v nay la 27 : 23. Tnh nguyen t lng trung bnh cua Brom. S: 79,91
79 81

35

37

12)

13) Bo co hai ong v, moi ong v eu co 5 proton. ong v th nhat co so proton bang so ntron. ong v th hai co so ntron bang 1,2 lan so proton. Biet nguyen t lng trung bnh cua B la 10,812. Tm % moi ong v. S: 18,89% ; 81,11%

trang 8

BAI TAP
14)

Lp 10

ong co hai ong v co so khoi la 63 va 65. Hay tnh xem ng vi 27 ong v co so khoi la 65 th co bao nhieu ong v co so khoi la 63? Biet M Cu = 63,54 . S: 73 Neon co hai ong v la 20Ne va 22Ne. Hay tnh xem ng vi 18 nguyen t 22Ne th co bao nhieu nguyen t 20Ne? Biet M Ne = 20,18 . S: 182 Brom co hai ong v, trong o ong v 79Br chiem 54,5%. Xac nh ong v con lai, biet M Br = 79, 91 . S: 81 Cho nguyen t lng trung bnh cua Magie la 24,327. So khoi cac ong v lan lt la 24 , 25 va A3. Phan tram so nguyen t tng ng cua A1 va A2 la 78,6% va 10,9%. Tm A3. S: 26

15)

16)

17)

18) Nguyen to X co hai ong v la X 1 , X2 , M X = 24,8 . ong v X2 co nhieu hn ong v X1 la


2 ntron. Tnh so khoi va t le phan tram cua moi ong v , biet t le so nguyen t cua hai ong v la X1 : X2 = 3 : 2. S: 24 (60%) ; 26 (40%)

19)

Nguyen t X cua nguyen to R co tong so hat c ban la 46. So hat khong mang ien bang

8 so hat mang ien. 15

a) Xac nh ten R.

trang 9

BAI TAP

Lp 10

b) Y la ong v cua X. Y co t hn X la 1 ntron va Y chiem 4% ve so nguyen t cua R. Tnh nguyen t lng trung bnh cua R. S: a) P ; b) 30,96 20) Nguyen to A co hai ong v X va Y. T le so nguyen t cua X : Y la 45 : 455. Tong so hat trong nguyen t cua X bang 32. X nhieu hn Y la 2 ntron. Trong Y so hat mang ien gap 2 lan so hat khong mang ien. Tnh nguyen t lng trung bnh cua A. S: 20,18

21)

Khoi lng nguyen t cua B bang 10,81. B trong t nhien gom hai ong v 10B va 11B. Hoi co bao nhieu phan tram 11B trong axit boric H3BO3. Cho H3BO3 =61,81.

trang 10

BAI TAP

Lp 10

3 . VO NGUYEN T
1) Da vao au e sap xep cac e theo tng lp
trong vo nguyen t? Trong nguyen t, e thuoc lp nao lien ket vi hat nhan chat nhat, yeu nhat? Trong nguyen t, e nao quyet nh tnh chat hoa hoc cua nguyen to? 2) Viet cau hnh e cua nguyen to co so hieu nguyen t t 1 en 20. Nhan xet ve s bien oi so e lp ngoai cung? Nhng nguyen to nao la kim loai? Phi kim? Kh hiem? V sao? 3) Tong so hat c ban trong nguyen t X la 13. Xac nh khoi lng nguyen t cua X va viet cau hnh e. 4) Cho biet cau hnh e cua cac nguyen to sau: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 a) Goi ten cac nguyen to. b) Nguyen to nao la kim loai, phi kim, kh hiem? V sao? c) oi vi moi nguyen t, lp e nao lien ket vi hat nhan chat nhat, yeu nhat? d) Co the xac nh khoi lng nguyen t cua cac nguyen to o c khong? V sao?

5) Cho biet cau hnh e phan lp ngoai cung


cua cac nguyen t sau lan lt la 3p 1 ; 3d5 ; 4p3 ; 5s2 ; 4p6. a) Viet cau hnh e ay u cua moi nguyen t. b) Cho biet moi nguyen t co may lp e, so e tren moi lp la bao nhieu?

trang 11

BAI TAP

Lp 10

c) Nguyen to nao la kim loai, phi kim, kh hiem? Giai thch?

6) Cho cac nguyen t sau:


A co ien tch hat nhan la 36+. B co so hieu nguyen t la 20. C co 3 lp e, lp M cha 6 e. D co tong so e tren phan lp p la 9. a) Viet cau hnh e cua A, B, C, D. b) Ve s o cau tao nguyen t. c) moi nguyen t, lp e nao a cha so e toi a? 7) Cho cac nguyen t va ion sau: Nguyen t A co 3 e ngoai cung thuoc phan lp 4s va 4p. Ion B2+ co 10 e. Ion C1- co 8 e ngoai cung lp N. Nguyen t D co cau hnh e lp ngoai cung la 6s1. Nguyen t E co so e tren phan lp s bang

kem so e tren phan lp p la 6 hat. a) Viet cau hnh e ay u cua A, B, C, D, E. b) Bieu dien cau tao nguyen t. c) moi nguyen t, lp e nao a cha so e toi a? d) Tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua chung? 8) Ba nguyen t A, B, C co so hieu nguyen t la 3 so t nhien lien tiep. Tong so e cua chung la 51. Hay viet cau hnh e va cho biet ten cua chung. S:
16

1 so e tren phan lp p va so e tren phan lp s 2

S,

17

Cl,

18

Ar

9) Phan lp e ngoai cung cua hai nguyen t A va B lan lt la 3p va 4s. Tong so e cua hai phan lp la 5 va hieu so e cua hai phan lp la 3.

trang 12

BAI TAP

Lp 10

a) Viet cau hnh e cua chung, xac nh so hieu nguyen t, tm ten nguyen to. b) Hai nguyen t co so n hn kem nhau 4 hat va co tong khoi lng nguyen t la 71 vC. Tnh so n va so khoi moi nguyen t. 32 39 S: 16 S ; 19 K

10)

a) Cac ion X+ , Y- va nguyen t Z nao co cau hnh e la 1s2 2s2 2p6 ?

b) Viet cau hnh e cua cac nguyen t trung hoa X va Y. ng vi moi nguyen t, hay neu mot tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng va mot phan ng minh hoa.

11)

Tong so hat trong ion R+ la 57. Trong nguyen t R, so hat mang ien nhieu hn so hat khong mang ien la 18 hat. a) Tm so p, n, e cua R. b) Viet cau hnh e cua R, R+. S: 19e, 19p, 20n

12)

Mot hp chat co cong thc MX3 . Cho biet:

Tong so hat p, n, e cua MX 3 la 196, trong o so hat mang ien nhieu hn so hat khong mang ien la 60. Khoi lng nguyen t cua X ln hn cua M la 8. Tong ba loai hat trong ion X- nhieu hn trong ion M3+ la 16. a) Xac nh M va X thuoc ong v nao cua hai nguyen to o? b) Viet cau hnh e cua M va X. c) Viet phng trnh phan ng tao thanh MX3 t cac n chat. 27 35 S: 13 M ; 17 X

trang 13

BAI TAP

Lp 10

13) Tong so hat proton, ntron, electron cua nguyen t mot nguyen to la 21. a) Hay xac nh ten nguyen to o. b) Viet cau hnh electron nguyen t cua nguyen to o. c) Tnh tong so electron trong nguyen t cua nguyen to o.

trang 14

BAI TAP

Lp 10

4 . HE THONG TUAN HOAN CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC


1) Can c vao au ma ngi ta sap xep cac
nguyen to thanh chu ky, nhom, phan nhom? The nao la chu ky? Trong he thong tuan hoan co bao nhieu chu ky? Moi chu ky gom bao nhieu nguyen to? The nao la nhom, phan nhom?Cac nguyen to trong cung nhom, phan nhom co tnh chat g chung? 2) Nguyen t cua mot so nguyen to co cau hnh e nh sau a) 1s2 2s2 2p1 b) 1s2 2s2 2p5 c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 Hay xac nh v tr cua chung trong he thong tuan hoan (stt, chu ky, nhom, phan nhom). 3) Mot nguyen to thuoc chu ky 3, phan nhom chnh nhom VI trong he thong tuan hoan. Hoi: - Nguyen t cua nguyen to o co bao nhieu e lp ngoai cung? - Cac e ngoai cung nam lp th may? - Viet so e trong tng lp? 4) Tong so hat p, n, e trong nguyen t cua mot nguyen to thuoc phan nhom chnh nhom VII la 28. a) Tnh khoi lng nguyen t? b) Viet cau hnh e ? 19 S: 9 F 5) Cho 5 nguyen to sau: Be (Z = 4) ; N (Z = 7) ; Sc (Z =21) ; Se (Z = 34); Ar (Z = 18). a) Viet cau hnh e cua chung? b) Xac nh v tr moi nguyen to trong he thong tuan hoan.

trang 15

BAI TAP

Lp 10

c) Neu tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua chung? Giai thch? 6) Nguyen t A, B, C co cau hnh e phan lp ngoai cung lan lt la 5s1 , 3d6 , 4p3 . a) Viet cau hnh e ay u cua A, B, C. b) Ve s o cau tao nguyen t. c) Xac nh v tr trong he thong tuan hoan, goi ten. d) Nguyen t nao la kim loai, phi kim? Giai thch? 7) Viet cau hnh e cua nguyen t cac nguyen to sau, biet v tr cua chung trong he thong tuan hoan la: A chu ky 2, phan nhom chnh nhom IV. B chu ky 3, phan nhom chnh nhom II. C chu ky 4, phan nhom phu nhom III. D chu ky 5, phan nhom chnh nhom II. 8) Cho cau hnh e ngoai cung cua cac nguyen t sau la: A : 3s1 B : 4s2 a) Viet cau hnh e cua chung. Tm A, B. b) Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra khi cho A, B tac dung: H2O, dung dch HCl, clo, lu huynh, oxi. 9) Co 3 nguyen to X, Y, Z. Biet X chu ky 3, phan nhom chnh nhom VI; Y chu ky 4, phan nhom chnh nhom VIII; Z chu ky 5, phan nhom chnh nhom I. a) Viet cau hnh e. Cho biet so lp e, so e tren moi lp cua moi nguyen t? b) Nguyen to nao la kim loai, phi kim, kh tr? V sao? c) Cho biet ten moi nguyen to. 10) Nguyen to R thuoc phan nhom chnh nhom III va co tong so hat c ban la 40. a) Xac nh so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua R.

trang 16

BAI TAP

Lp 10

b) Tnh % theo khoi lng cua R trong oxit cao nhat cua no. 27 S: a ) 13 R; b)52,94% 11) Nguyen t cua nguyen to X thuoc nhom VI, co tong so hat la 24. a) Viet cau hnh e, xac nh v tr cua X trong he thong tuan hoan va goi ten. b) Y co t hn X la 2 proton. Xac nh Y. c) X va Y ket hp vi nhau tao thanh hp chat Z, trong o X chiem 4 phan va Y chiem 3 phan ve khoi lng. Xac nh cong thc phan t cua Z. S: a) O ; b) C ; c) CO 12) A va B la hai nguyen to thuoc cung mot phan nhom chnh va hai chu ky nho lien tiep trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so p cua chung la 32. Xac nh so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B. S: 12 ; 20 13) A va B la hai nguyen to thuoc cung mot phan nhom chnh va hai chu ky lien tiep trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so ien tch hat nhan cua chung la 24. Tm so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B. S: 8 ; 16 14) A va B la hai nguyen to ng ke tiep nhau mot chu ky trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so p cua chung la 25. Xac nh so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B. S: 12 ; 13 15) A va B la hai nguyen to hai phan nhom chnh lien tiep nhau trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so hieu nguyen t cua chung la 31. Xac nh v tr va viet cau hnh e cua A, B. S: 15 ; 16

trang 17

BAI TAP

Lp 10

16) C va D la hai nguyen to ng ke tiep nhau mot chu ky trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so khoi cua chung la 51. So ntron cua D ln hn C la 2 hat. Trong nguyen t C, so electron bang vi so ntron. Xac nh v tr va viet cau hnh e cua C, D. S: ZA = 12 ; ZB = 13

17)

Cho 10 (g) mot kim loai A hoa tr II tac dung het vi nc th thu c 5,6 (l) kh H2 (kc). Tm ten kim loai o. S: Ca

18) Hoa tan hoan toan 5,85 (g) mot kim loai B hoa tr I vao nc th thu c 1,68 (l) kh (kc). Xac nh ten kim loai o. S: K 19) Cho 3,33 (g) mot kim loai kiem M tac dung hoan toan vi 100 ml nc (d = 1 g/ml) th thu c 0,48 (g) kh H2 (kc). a) Tm ten kim loai o. b) Tnh nong o phan tram cua dung dch thu c. S: a) Li ; b) 11,2%

20)

Cho 0,72 (g) mot kim loai M hoa tr II tac dung het vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 672 (ml) kh H2 (kc). Xac nh ten kim loai o. S: Mg 21) Hoa tan hoan toan 6,85 (g) mot kim loai kiem tho R bang 200 (ml) dung dch HCl 2 (M). e trung hoa lng axit d can 100 (ml) dung dch NaOH 3 (M). Xac nh ten kim loai tren. S: Ba 22) e hoa tan hoan toan 1,16 (g) mot hiroxit kim loai R hoa tr II can dung 1,46 (g) HCl. a) Xac nh ten kim loai R, cong thc hiroxit. b) Viet cau hnh e cua R biet R co so p bang so n.

trang 18

BAI TAP
S: Mg

Lp 10

23) Khi cho 8 (g) oxit kim loai M phan nhom chnh nhom II tac dung hoan toan vi dung dch HCl 20% thu c 19 (g) muoi clorua. a) Xac nh ten kim loai M. b) Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung. S: a) Mg ; b) 73 (g)

24)

Hoa tan hoan toan 3,68 (g) mot kim loai kiem A vao 200 (g) nc th thu c dung dch X va mot lng kh H2. Neu cho lng kh nay qua CuO d nhiet o cao th sinh ra 5,12 (g) Cu. a) Xac nh ten kim loai A. b) Tnh nong o phan tram cua dung dch X. S: a) Na ; b) 3,14% 25) Hoa tan 20,2 (g) hon hp 2 kim loai nam hai chu ky lien tiep thuoc phan nhom chnh nhom I vao nc thu c 6,72 (l) kh (kc) va dung dch A. a) Tm ten hai kim loai. b) Tnh the tch dung dch H2SO4 2 (M) can dung e trung hoa dung dch A. S: a) Na ; K ; b) 150 (ml) 26) Oxit cao nhat cua nguyen to R co cong thc RO3. Hp chat kh cua no vi hiro co 5,88 % hiro ve khoi lng. Tm R. S: S 27) Oxit cao nhat cua nguyen to R co cong thc R2O5. Trong hp chat kh vi hiro, R chiem 82,35 % ve khoi lng. Tm R. S: N 28) Hp chat kh vi hiro cua nguyen to R la RH4. Trong oxit cao nhat cua R co 53,3 % oxi ve khoi lng. Tm R. S: Si

trang 19

BAI TAP
29)

Lp 10

Hp chat kh vi hiro cua nguyen to R la RH2. Trong oxit cao nhat, t le khoi lng gia R va oxi la 2 : 3. Tm R. S: S

30) Nguyen to R thuoc phan nhom chnh nhom V. T le ve khoi lng gia hp chat kh vi hiro va oxit cao nhat cua R la 17 : 71. Xac nh ten R. S: P 31) X la nguyen to thuoc phan nhom chnh nhom VII. Oxit cao nhat cua no co phan t khoi la 183 vC. a) Xac nh ten X. b) Y la kim loai hoa tr III. Cho 10,08 (l) kh X (kc) tac dung Y thu c 40,05 (g) muoi. Tm ten Y. S: a) Cl ; b) Al

trang 20

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Chn LIEN KET HOA HOC g NH LUAT TUAN HOAN II MENELEEP


1. LIEN KET HOA HOC
Cac nguyen t co xu hng lien ket vi nhau e at cau hnh electron ben vng cua kh hiem. Co cac kieu lien ket sau: 1. LIEN KET CONG HOA TR la lien ket tao bi s gop chung electron. Phan t HCl : H:

Cl :
..

..

hay H Cl

Phan t H2O :

H:

O:H
.. .. ..

..

hay H O H

Phan t CO2 : O=C=O Phan t NH3 : H H

O
H :

: : C : :

O
..

..

hay

N:H
..

..

hay

N
I

H H

Lien ket cong hoa tr khong phan cc la lien ket cong hoa tr ma trong o cap trang 21

BAI TAP

Lp 10

electron dung chung khong b leach ve pha nguyen t nao. Vd Cl2, H2. Lien ket cong hoa tr co cc la lien ket cong hoa tr ma cap electron dung chung b lech ve pha nguyen t co o am ien ln hn. Vd HCl, H2O. 2. LIEN KET N la lien ket cong hoa tr do mot cap electron chung Vd H :

Cl :
.. .. ..

..

3. LIEN KET OI la lien ket cong hoa tr do hai cap electron chung Vd:

O : : C: : O
..

..

4. LIEN KET BA la lien ket cong hoa tr do ba cap electron chung Vd:

5. LIEN KET ION Lien ket ion la lien ket hoa hoc hnh thanh do lc hut tnh ien gia cac ion trai dau. Xet phan ng gia Na va Cl2. Phng trnh hoa hoc : 2.1e 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl S o hnh thanh lien ket:

N N

..

..

.. .. ..

Lien ket hoa hoc hnh thanh do lc hut tnh ien gia ion Na+ va ion Cl- goi la lien ket ion , tao thanh hp chat ion. trang 22

N a 1e N +a Na C l 1e C l

+ Cl- NaCl

BAI TAP

Lp 10

6. ELECTRON HOA TR la nhng electron lp ben ngoai co kha nang tham gia vao viec tao thanh lien ket hoa hoc. Nguyen to thuoc PNC : e hoa tr la cac e cua lp ngoai cung . Nguyen to thuoc PNP : e hoa tr la cac e cua lp ngoai cung va cac e phan lp co mc nang lng cao nhat cha bao hoa. Al (Z = 13) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 co 3e hoa tr. Sc (Z = 21) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1 co 3e hoa tr. 7. HOA TR la bieu th kha nang nguyen t nguyen to nay lien ket vi mot so nhat nh nguyen t nguyen to khac. ien hoa tr la hoa tr cua mot nguyen to trong hp chat ion, tnh bang ien tch cua ion o. Vd CaCl2 la hp chat ion, hoa tr Canxi la 2+ , Clo la 1Cong hoa tr la hoa tr cua mot nguyen to trong hp chat cong hoa tr, tnh bang so lien ket ma nguyen t cua nguyen to o co the tao thanh vi nguyen t cua nguyen to khac. Vd CH4 la hp chat cong hoa tr, hoa tr cua Cacbon la 4, Hidro la 1.

BAI TAP LUYEN TAP


1) V sao cac nguyen t khong ton tai n le ma
a so lai lien ket vi nhau thanh phan t? Neu nh ngha lien ket cong hoatr, lien ket ion? ieu kien hnh thanh lien ket cong hoa tr, lien ket ion? So sanh lien ket cong hoa tr khong cc va co cc. Cho v du.

2) Cho

1 12 16 14 32 1 H; 6 C; 8 O; 7 N; 16

S;

35 17

Cl

trang 23

BAI TAP

Lp 10

a) Viet cau hnh electron cua chung. b) Viet cong thc cau tao va cong thc electron cua CH4 ; NH3 ; N2 ; CO2 ; HCl ; H2S ; C2H6 ; C2H4 ; C2H2 ; C2H6O. Xac nh hoa tr cac nguyen to. c) Phan t nao co lien ket n? lien ket oi? lien ket ba? Lien ket cong hoa tr co cc va khong cc? 3) X thuoc chu ky 3, PNC nhom VI. Y thuoc chu ky 1, PNC nhom I. Z thuoc PNC nhom VI, co tong so hat la 24. a) Hay xac nh ten X, Y, Z. b) Viet cong thc cau tao cua XY2, XZ2. 4) Viet cong thc electron va cong thc cau tao cua cac phan t sau va xac nh hoa tr cac nguyen to trong cac phan t o: N2O3 ; Cl2O ; SO2 ; SO3 ; N2O5 ; HNO2 ; H2CO3 ; Cl2O3 ; HNO3 ; H3PO4.

5) Biet rang tnh phi kim giam dan theo th t C, N,


O, Cl. Viet cong thc cau tao cua cac phan t sau ay va xem xet phan t nao co lien ket phan cc manh nhat, v sao? CH4 ; NH3 ; H2O ; HCl.

6) Viet phng trnh tao thanh cac ion t cac


nguyen t tng ng: Fe2+ ; Fe3+ ; K+ ; N3- ; O2- ; Cl- ; S2- ; Al3+ ; P 3-. 7) Viet phng trnh phan ng co s di chuyen electron khi cho: a) Kali tac dung vi kh clor. b) Magie tac dung vi kh oxy. c) Natri tac dung vi lu huynh. d) Nhom tac dung vi kh oxy. e) Canxi tac dung vi lu huynh. f) Magie tac dung vi kh clor. 8) Cho 5 nguyen t : 23 Na; 24 Mg; 14 N; 16 O; 11 12 7 8

35 17

Cl.

a) Cho biet so p; n; e va viet cau hnh electron cua chung.

trang 24

BAI TAP

Lp 10

b) Xac nh v tr cua chung trong he thong tuan hoan? Neu tnh chat hoa hoc c ban. c) Viet cau hnh electron cua Na+, Mg2+, N3-, 2Cl , O . d) Cho biet cach tao thanh lien ket ion trong: Na2O ; MgO ; NaCl ; MgCl2 ; Na3N. 9) Hai nguyen to X, Y co: - Tong so ien tch hat nhan bang 15. - Hieu so ien tch hat nhan bang 1. a) Xac nh v tr cua X, Y trong he thong tuan hoan. b) Viet cong thc electron va cong thc cau tao cua hp chat tao thanh bi X, Y va H. 10) The nao la lien ket ion, lien ket cong hoa tr ? 11) Lien ket cho - nhan thuoc loai lien ket nao? Cho v du minh hoa. 12) Viet cau hnh electron cua cac ion S4+, Fe2+ va viet cac phan ng chng minh cac ion nay va co tnh oxi hoa va co tnh kh. Cho biet so th t cua S, Fe lan lc bang 16, 26 13) Neu ban chat lien ket gia cac nguyen t trong phan t cac chat sau: NH3, NH4NO3, Al2(SO4)3. Viet cong thc cau tao cua chung. 14) So sanh s giong nhau va khac nhau gia lien ket ion va lien ket cong hoa tr .Cho th du minh hoa . 15) The nao la lien ket lim loai ? 16) Lien ket cho nhan la g ? Hay so sanh cac loai lien ket sau: a) Lien ket cho nhan va lien ket cong hoa tr. b) Lien ket cong hoa tr va lien ket kim loai. 17) Da vao o am ien,hay neu ban chat lien ket trong cac phan t va ion:HClO, KHS, HCO3- . Cho: Nguyen to: K H C S Cl O o am ien: 0,8 2,1 2,5 2,5 3,0 3,5

trang 25

BAI TAP
18)

Lp 10

Hay neu ban chat cua cac dang lien ket trong phan t cac chat: N2, AgCl, HBr, NH3, H2O2, NH4NO3 . (Cho o am ien cua Ag la 0,9 ; cua Cl la 3) 19) The nao la lien ket va ? 20) Bang hnh ve mo ta s xen phu obital nguyen t tao ra lien ket trong phan t H2, Br2 va HCl. 21) Phan biet cac khai niem:hoa tr, electron hoa tr, ien hoa tr, cong hoa tr. 22) ot chay chat X bang lng O2 va u ta thu c hon hp kh duy nhat la CO2 va SO2 co t khoi so vi hidro bang 28,667 va t khoi (hi) cua X so vi khong kh nho hn 3. Xac nh cong thc phan t, viet cong thc electron va cong thc cau tao cua X. 23) T hoa tr cac nguyen to, viet cong thc cau tao cua cac chat :CaOCl2, Al(OH)3, Cr2O3, FeSO4. 24) Hp chat A co cong thc la MXX, trong M chiem 46,670/0 ve khoi lng, M la kim loai, X la phi kim chu 3. 25) Trong hat nhan M co: n p = 4 ; cua X co: n= p (trong o n, n, p, p la so ntron va proton). Tong so proton trong MXX la 58. a) Xac nh ten, so khoi cua M. So th t nguyen to X trong bang tuan hoan. b) Viet cau hnh electron cua X.

2. MOL TY KHOI
1. MOL la lng chat cha 6,023.1023 (Nguyen t , phan t hay ion) hat vi mo

Khoi lng mol la khoi lng cua 1 mol hat vi mo (6,023.1023 hat vi mo), g/mol.

trang 26

BAI TAP

Lp 10

m m M= (g/mol) n = (mol) m = M.n (g) n M 2. NH LUAT AVOGADRO nhng ieu kien nhiet o va ap suat nh nhau nhng the tch bang nhau cua moi chat kh eu cha cung mot so phan t . Cong thc lien quan PV = nRT (P:at, V:l, n:mol, R:22,4/273, T:0C+273) Vay: Cung nhiet o , ap suat neu VA = VB nA = nB The tch cua mot mol phan t bat ky chat kh nao ieu kien tieu chuan (0oC , 1atm) eu chiem bang 22,4 lt. 3. T KHOI CUA CHAT KH la t so khoi lng cua mot the tch kh nay chia cho khoi lng cua cung the tch kh kia cung ieu kien ve nhiet

o va ap suat.

MA B = MB

BAI TAP LUYEN TAP


1) Tnh ty khoi hi cua: a) Nit oi vi Hyro c) Oxy oi vi Metan (CH4). b) Clor oi vi Oxy d) Kh cacbonic oi vi Nit 2) Trong cac kh sau, kh nao nang hn khong kh; kh nao nhe hn khong kh: Cl2, CO2, O2, NH3, C2H6, C2H4, N2, NO.

trang 27

BAI TAP

Lp 10

3) kc, 0,5 (l) kh X co khoi lng la 1.25 (g).


a) Tnh khoi lng mol phan t cua kh X. b) Tnh ty khoi hi cua X oi vi khong kh, vi CO2 va oi vi CH4. S: a) 56 ; b) 1,93 ; 1,27 ; 3,5 4) Cho hon hp kh X gom 6.8gr NH3, 8.4gr CO. a) Tnh phan t lng trung bnh cua hon hp X. b) Tnh ty kho hi cua X so vi CO2 va vi Nit. S: a) 21,71 ; b) 0,49 ; 0,78 5) Tnh ty khoi hi trong cac trng hp sau: a) Hon hp kh X gom 0,5 mol H2, 1,5 mol CO; 2 mol O2 oi v kh NO. b) Hon hp kh Y gom 11 gr CO2; 11,2 gr N2; 9,8 gr C2H4 oi vi khong kh. c) Hon hp kh Z gom 5 lit H2S; 8 lit CH4; 7lit O2 oi vi CO2. d) Hon hp kh G gom 3,36 lit khO2; 4,48 lit NO2; 5,6lit H2 kc oi vi CH4. e) Hon hp kh A gom 40% H2; 30% NH3; 30% NO theo the tch oi vi He. f) Hon hp kh B ong the tch cha Cl2 va O2 oi vi Ne. g) Hon hp kh C ong khoi lng cha C3H6 va N2 so vi H2. S: a) M X = 26,75 ; 0,891 e) ; M A = 14,9 3,725 b) M Y = 32 ; 1,1 f) M B = 51,5 ; 2,575 c) M Z = 26,1 ; 0,593 g) M C = 33,6 ; 16,8 d) M G = 24,17 ; 1,51 6) Cho 3,36 lit kh A co cung the tch kh CO2 (kc). Biet rang kh A nang gap 2 lan kh CO2. Tnh khoi lng moi kh. S: mA = 13,2 (g) ; mCO2 = 6,6 (g)

trang 28

BAI TAP

Lp 10

7) A co cong thc phan t CxHy. B co cong thc


phan t C2xHy. Xac nh cong thc phan t cua A, B biet ty khoi hi cua A oi vi H2 la 15 va ty khoi hi cua B oi vi A la 1,8. 8) Xac nh cong thc phan t cac chat trong cac trng hp sau: a) A la oxit cua lu huynh co ty khoi hi so vi Ne la 3,2. b) B la oxit cua nit co ty khoi hi so vi metan (CH4) la 1,875. c) C la hp chat CxHy co ty khoi hi oi vi H2 la 15 biet cacbon chiem 80% khoi lng phan t. 9) A la hp chat kh vi hiro cua nguyen to R. kc, khoi lng rieng cua kh A la 1,579 (g/l). Hay xac nh khoi lng mol phan t? Cong thc phan t ? Cong thc cau tao cua kh A. S: MA = 34. 10) Hai chat kh X va Y co ac iem: - Ty khoi hi cua hon hp ong the tch ( X+Y) so vi hon hp 2 kh CO 2 va C3H8 la 1,2045. - Ty khoi hi cua hon hp khoi lng (X+Y) so vi kh NH3 la 3,09. a) Tnh phan t khoi cua X va Y. b) Tm cong thc phan t, cong thc cau tao cua X biet rang X la n chat. c) Tm cong thc phan t, cong thc cau tao cua Y biet rang Y la hirocacbon CxHy. S: a) MX = 48 ; MY = 58

3 . NH LUAT TUAN HOAN MENELEEP


trang 29

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Tnh chat cua cac n chat cung nh thanh phan va tnh chat cua cac hp chat tao nen bi cac nguyen to bien thien tuan hoan theo chieu tang cua ien tch hat nhan. 1. NGUYEN TAC SAP XEP cac nguyen to trong bang he thong tuan hoan (HTTH) c sap theo chieutang dan cua ien tch hat nhan; nhng nguyen to co cung so lp electron c xep vao mot chu ky ( co bay chu ky, tr chu ky 1 co hai nguyen to la Hidro va Heli, chu ky bay cha nay u, con chu ky nao cung bat au la mot nuyen to kim loai kiem va ket thuc la mot nguyen to kh hiem); cac nguyen to co cau truc tng t nhau (co cung electron hoa tr) xep vao cung nhom ( co 8 nhom, gom co phan nhom chnh cha cac nguyen to ho s hay p va phan nhom phu cha cac nguyen to ho d hay f). 2. S BIEN OI TUAN HOAN TNH CHAT CUA CAC NGUYEN TO Trong mot chu ky theo chieu Z tang, tnh phi kim, o am ien, tnh axit cua oxit cao nhat vi oxi va hidroxit tng ng tang ( con tnh kim loai cung nh tnh baz cua cac hp chat tng ng giam). Trong mot PNC theo chieu Z tang, tnh phi kim, o am ien, tnh axit cua oxit cao nhat vi oxi va hidroxit tng ng giam ( con tnh kim loai cung nh tnh baz cua cac hp chat tng ng tang).

BAI TAP LUYEN TAP


1) Cho biet cau hnh electron cua nguyen to Al:
1s22s22p63s23p1 va nguyen to S:1s22s22p63s23p4. Hay suy ra v tr, tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua Al, S trong he thong tuan hoan.

trang 30

BAI TAP

Lp 10

2) Da vao v tr cua Brom (Z = 35) trong he thong


tuan hoan hay neu tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua no: - La kim loai hay phi kim. - Hoa tr cao nhat. - Viet cong thc cua oxit cao nhat va hiroxit. Chung co tnh axit hay baz? - So sanh tnh chat hoa hoc cua Br vi Cl (Z = 17); I (Z = 53). 3) Da vao v tr cua Magie (Z = 12) trong he thong tuan hoan hay neu tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua no: - La kim loai hay phi kim. - Hoa tr cao nhat. - Viet cong thc cua oxit va hiroxit. Co tnh axit hay baz?

trang 31

BAI TAP
4) a) So sanh tnh phi kim cua
35

Lp 10
Br;
53

I;

17 Cl.

b) So sanh tnh axit cua H2CO3 va HNO3. c) So sanh tnh baz cua NaOH; Be(OH)2 va Mg(OH)2.

5) Mot nguyen to R nhom IIA. Trong hp chat


chat vi oxy, R chiem 71,43% ve khoi lng. a) Xac nh nguyen t khoi cua R. b) Cho 16 (g) R tren tac dung hoan toan vi nc thu c hiroxit. Tnh khoi lng hiroxit thu c.

6) Nguyen to R co oxit cao nhat la RO2, trong hp


chat vi hiro th R chiem 87,5% ve khoi lng. a) Xac nh nguyen t khoi cua R. b) Biet nguyen t khoi = so khoi va so notron = so proton. Viet cau hnh electron, xac nh v tr, tnh chat hoa hoc c ban R trong he thong tuan hoan. c) Viet cong thc electron, cong thc cau tao cua RO2.

7) Mot nguyen to A nhom IIIA. Trong oxit cao


nhat, Oxi chiem 47,06% ve khoi lng. a) Xac nh nguyen t khoi cua A. b) Cho 15,3 gr oxit tren tac dung va u vi dung dch HCl 25%. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl 25% can dung. 8) Xac nh ten cua cac nguyen to trong cac trng hp sau: a) Cho 23,4 (g) kim loai kiem M tac dung vi nc thu c 6,72 (l) kh H2 (kc). b) Cho 4,48 (l) kh halogen X tac dung vi ong thu c 27 (g) muoi. c) Cho 6,9 (g) kim loai kiem M tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 ta thu c 21,3 (g) muoi.

trang 32

BAI TAP

Lp 10

d) Cho 12,75 (g) oxit cua kim loai R hoa tr III tac dung va u vi 20 (ml) dung dch HCl 3,75 (M).

9) Cho 6,75 (g) mot kim loai R phan ng va u


vi 8,4 (l) kh clor (kc). Xac nh ten nguyen to R.

10)

Hoa tan hoan toan 42,55 (g) hon hp hai kim loai kiem tho hai chu ky ke tiep nhau vao nc thu c 8,96 (l) kh (kc) va dung dch A.

a) Xac nh hai kim loai A, B. b) Trung hoa dung dch A bang 200 (ml) dung dch HCl. Tnh CM cua dung dch HCl a dung. 11) X la hp chat cua A vi hiro co cha 98,561% A ve khoi lng. Cho 5,07 (g) hp chat Y tao bi A va lu huynh tac dung vi 20,95 (g) dung dch axit HCl 12,196% thu c dung dch D va V(l) kh H2S (kc). a) Xac nh MA va v tr A trong bang he thong tuan hoan. b) Viet cong thc electron, cong thc cau tao cua X, Y. c) Tnh gia tr V va khoi lng dung dch D. 12) Trnh bay va giai thch quy luat bien thien tnh chat kim loai va phi kim cua cac nguyen to trong chu ky va trong phan nhom chnh. 13) Cho cac nguyen to thuoc chu ky 3: P, Si, Cl, S. a) Sap xep cac nguyen to theo chieu tang dan tnh phi kim va giai thch. b) Viet cong thc phan t cac axit co oxi vi so oxi hoa cao nhat cua cac nguyen to tren va so sanh tnh axit cua chung. 14) Da vao cau tao nguyen t,hay giai thch tai sao i t au en cuoi cac chu ky,tnh kim loai giam va tnh phi kim tang;con i t tren xuong di trong phan nhom chnh,tnh kim loai tang va tnh phi kim giam?

trang 33

BAI TAP

Lp 10

15) Nguyen to X co so th t la 8,nguyen to Y co so th t la 17 va ngen to Z co so th t la 19. a) Viet cau hnh electron cua chung (theo cac lp va cac phan lp). b) Chung thuoc chu ky nao,nhom nao trong he thong tuan hoan. c) Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng chung cua cac nguyen to nay. 16) Viet cau hnh electron cua S(Z=16),cong thc electron cua SO2, SO3. Biet trong cac hp chat nay, xung quanh O co 8 electron. 17) Ca o th 20 ; Br o th 35 trong bang he thong tuan hoan. a) Viet cau hnh electron cua Ca,Ca2+,Br,Br-. b) Xac nh v tr cua Ca va Br ( chu ky nao,phan nhom nao?) 18) Cation M+ co cau hnh electron phan lp ngoai cung la 2p6. a) Viet cau hnh electron va trnh bay s phan bo cac electron tren cac obital (cac o vuong lng t) nguyen t M. b) Cho biet v tr cua M trong he thong tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc.Goi ten M. c) Anion X co cau hnh electron giong cua cation M+, X la nguyen to nao ? 19) Nguyen t cua nguyen to R co cau hnh electron nh sau1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6. a) Cho biet v tr cua R trong bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to va ten cua no. b) Nhng anion nao co cau hnh electron tren ? 20) Viet cau hnh lp vo electron cua nguyen t Fe, ion Fe3+ ,ion Fe2+ ,nguyen t Mn va ion Mn2+,biet rang Fe o th 26, Mn o th 25 trong bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc. 21) Crom la nguyen to co cau hnh electron phan lp ngoai cung la 3d5 4s1. Viet cau hnh

trang 34

BAI TAP

Lp 10

electron cua nguyen t Crom va t o hay xac nh v tr cua Crom trong bang tuan hoan. Giai thch cach xac nh. 22) Viet cau hnh electron cua nguyen t F (Z = 9) va ion F. Xac nh v tr(o,nhom chu ky) cua cac nguyen to X va Y, biet rang chung tao c anion X2 va cation Y+ co cau hnh electron giong F. 23) Cac ion X+ , Y va nguyen t Z nao co cau hnh electron: 1s2 2s2 2p6 ? 24) Viet cau hnh electron cua cac nguyen t trung hoa X va Y. ng vi moi nguyen t neu mot tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng va mot phan ng e chng minh. 25) Cac nguyen to A, B, C co cau hnh electron phan lp ngoai cung lan lt la: 3s 2 3p1, 3s2 3p4, 2s2 2p2. a) Hay xac nh v tr (so th t, chu ky, phan nhom) va ten cua A, B, C. b) Hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng khi cho A lan lt tac dung vi B va C nhiet o cao. Goi ten san pham tao thanh. 26) Cho cac nguyen to N,S co ien tch hat nhan lan lt la7+,16+, hay viet cau hnh electron cua N, N-3, N+2, S, S-2, S+4. 27) Viet cau hnh electron cua Fe va S biet Fe o th 26 con S o th 16 cua bang he thong tuan hoan. T o suy ra cau hnh electron cua ion Fe2+ va ion Fe3+. Hai ion Fe2+ va Fe3+ ion nao ben hn ? Tai sao ? 28) Viet cau hnh electron cua nguyen to R co ien tch hat nhan bang 17+.Cho biet so oxi hoa dng cc ai va so oxi hoa am cc ai cua nguyen to R .Viet cong thc oxit bac cao RxOy. 29) Hay viet cau hnh electron cua cac nguyen to co hai electron oc than lp ngoai cung vi ieu kien: nguyen t so Z < 20.

trang 35

BAI TAP

Lp 10

a) Co bao nhieu nguyen to ng vi tng cau hnh electron noi tren,cho biet ten cua chung. b) Viet cong thc phan t cua cac hp chat co the co c ch t cac nguyen to noi tren. Viet cong thc cau tao cac hp chat o va giai thch lien ket hoa hoc. 30) The nao la obital nguyen t. Hay neu mat gii han trong khong gian cua obital s va p. 31) Cu co Z = 29. Viet cau hnh electron cua Cu. Cau hnh o co bnh thng khong ? Tai sao ? ong co the co so oxi hoa bang bao nhieu?Tai sao?Xet v du hp chat vi oxi. 32) o am ien la g ? Bien thien o am ien cua cac nguyen to trong mot chu ky, trong mot nhom ? Da vao o am ien ngi ta phan loai lien ket nh the nao ?

trang 36

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Chn g III

PHAN NG OXY HOA KH

PHAN NG OXI HOA KH la phan ng trong o nguyen t (hay ion) nay nhng electron cho nguyen t (hay ion) kia. Trong mot phan ng oxi hoa - kh th qua trnh oxi hoa va qua trnh kh luon luon xay ra ong thi. ieu kien phan ng oxihoa kh la chat oxihoa manh tac dung vi chat kh manh e tao thanh chat oxihoa va chat kh yeu hn. 1. CHAT OXIHOA la chat nhan electron, ket qua la so oxihoa giam. Neu hp chat co nguyen t (hay ion) mang soh cao nhat la chat oxihoa (SOH cao nhat ng vi STT nhom) hay soh trung gian (se la chat kh neu gap chat oxihoa manh). Ion kim loai co soh cao nhat Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+ ANION NO 3 trong moi trng axit la chat oxihoa manh (san pham tao thanh la NO2, NO, N2O, N2, hay NH + ); trong moi trng kiem tao san 4 pham la NH3 (thng tac dung vi kim loai ma oxit va hiroxit la chat lng tnh); trong moi trng trung tnh th xem nh khong la chat oxihoa. H2SO4 AC la chat oxihoa manh( tao SO2, S hay H2S) MnO con goi la thuoc tm (KMnO4) trong moi 4 + trng H tao Mn2+ (khong mau hay hong nhat), moi trng trung tnh tao MnO2 (ket tua en), moi trng OH- tao MnO42- (xanh). HALOGEN

trang 37

BAI TAP

Lp 10

OZON 2. CHAT KH la chat nhng electron, ket qua la so oxhoa tang. Neu hp chat co nguyen t (hay ion) mang soh thap nhat la chat kh (soh thap nhat ng vi 8 - STT nhom)hay cha soh trung gian (co thela chat oxihoa khi gap chat kh manh) n chat kim loai , n chat phi kim (C, S, P, N). Hp chat (muoi, baz, axit, oxit) nh: FeCl2, CuS2 ,Fe(OH)3, HBr, H2S, CO, Cu2O Ion (cation, anion) nh: Fe2+, Cl-, SO32-- 3. QUA TRNH OXIHOA la qua trnh (s) nhng electron. 4. QUA TRNH KH la qua trnh (s) nhan electron. 5. SO OXI HOA la ien tch cua nguyen t (ien tch hnh thc) trong phan t neu gia nh rang cac cap electron chung coi nh chuyen han ve pha nguyen t co o am ien ln hn . Qui c 1 So oxi hoa cua nguyen t dang n chat bang khong Fe0 Al0 H0 O0 Cl 0 2 2 2 Qui c 2 Trong phan t hp chat , so oxi hoa cua nguyen t Kim loai nhom A la +n; Phi kim nhom A trong hp chat vi kim loai hoac hyro la 8 - n (n la STT nhom) 1 Kim loai hoa tr 1 la +1 : Ag+1Cl Na + SO4 2 K+1NO3 Kim loai hoa tr 2 la +2 : Mg+2Cl2 Ca+2CO3 +2 Fe SO4 3 Kim loai hoa tr 3 la +3 : Al+3Cl3 Fe + (SO4)3 2 Cua oxi thng la 2 : H2O-2
KNO 3 2

2 CO 2

2 H2SO 4

1 Rieng H2O 2

F2O+2

1 Cua Hidro thng la +1 : H+1Cl H+1NO3 H + S 2

trang 38

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Qui c 3 Trong mot phan t tong so oxi hoa cua cac nguyen t bang khong. H2SO4 2(+1) + x + 4(-2) = 0 x = +6 K2Cr2O7 2(+1) + 2x + 7(-2) = 0 x = +6 Qui c 4 Vi ion mang ien tch th tong so oxi hoa cua cac nguyen t bang ien tch ion. Mg2+ so oxi hoa Mg la +2, MnO so oxi hoa Mn la : x + 4 4(-2) = -1 x = +7 6. CAN BANG PHNG TRNH PHAN NG OXI HOA KH: B1. Xac nh so oxi hoa cac nguyen to. Tm ra nguyen to co so oxi hoa thay oi .

trang 39

BAI TAP

Lp 10

B2. Viet cac qua trnh lam thay oi so oxi hoa Chat co oxi hoa tang : Chat kh - ne so oxi hoa tang Chat co so oxi hoa giam: Chat oxi hoa + me so oxi hoa giam B3. Xac nh he so can bang sao cho so e cho = so e nhan B4. a he so can bang vao phng trnh , ung chat va kiem tra lai theo trat t : kim loai phi kim hidro oxi 3 1 Fe + O 3 2 + H 0 Fe0 + H + O-2 2 2 2 2Fe+3 + 6e 2Fe0 qua trnh kh Fe3+ 0 + 2H 2e 2H qua trnh oxi hoa H2 +3 0 (2Fe + 3H2 2Fe + 3H2O) Can bang : Fe2O3 + 3H2 2Fe + 3H2O Chat oxi hoa chat kh Fe3+ la chat oxi hoa H2 la chat kh 7. PHAN LOAIPHAN NG OXIHOA KH Moi trng Moi trng axit MnO + Cl- + H+ Mn2+ + 4 Cl2 + H2O 2 Moi trng kiem : MnO + SO 3 + OH- 4 MnO 2 + SO 2 + H2O 4 4 Moi trng trung tnh : MnO + SO 3 4
2

+ H2O

MnO2 + SO 2 +OH4 Chat phan ng Phan ng oxi hoa- kh noi phan t: La phan ng oxihoa- kh trong o chat kh va chat oxihoa eu thuoc cung phan t.
nung KClO3 MnO2

KCl +

3 2

O2

Phan ng t oxihoa- t kh la phan ng oxihoa kh trong o chat kh va chat oxi hoa eu thuoc cung mot nguyen to hoa hoc, va

trang 40

BAI TAP

Lp 10

eu cung b bien oi t mot so oxi hoa ban au. Cl2 + 2 NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O

trang 41

BAI TAP

Lp 10

8. CAN BANG ION ELECTRON Phan ng trong moi trng axit manh ( co H+ tham giaphan ng ) th ve nao tha Oxi th them H+ e tao nc ve kia. Phan ng trong moi trng kiem manh ( co OH- tham gia phan ng ) th ve nao tha Oxi th them nc e tao OH- ve kia. Phan ng trong moi trng trung tnh ( co H2O tham gia phan ng) neu tao H+, coi nh H+ phan ng; neu tao OH- coi nh OH- phan ng ngha la tuan theo cac nguyen tac a neu tren. 9. CAP OXIHOA KH la dang oxihoa va dang kh cua cung mot nguyen to. Cu2+/Cu; H+/H2. 10. DAY IEN HOA la day nhng cap oxihoa kh c xep theo chieu tang tnh oxihoa va chieu giam tnh kh. Chat oxihoa yeu Chat oxihoa manh Chat kh manh Chat kh yeu 11. CAC CHU Y E LAM BAI TAP Khi hoan thanh chuoi phan ng tnh so oxihoa e biet o la phan ng oxihoa- kh hay khong. e chng minh hoac giai thch vai tro cua mot chat trong phan ng th trc het dung so oxihoa e xac nh vai tro va la chat phan ng. Toan nh ap dung nh luat bao toan electron da tren nh luat bao toan nguyen to theo s o. Mot chat co hai kha nang axit-baz manh va oxihoa-kh manh th xet ong thi Rieng mot chat khi phan ng vi chat khac ma co ca 2 kha nang phan ng axit- baz va oxihoa- kh th c xet ong thi ( th du Fe 3O4 +H+ + NO3Hon hp gom Mn+, H+, NO3- th xet vai tro oxihoa nh sau (H+, NO3-), H+, Mn+

trang 42

BAI TAP

Lp 10

BAI TAP LUYEN TAP


1) Phan biet cac khai niem sau ay. Cho v du:
Phan ng oxy hoa kh Phan ng trao oi.Qua trnh oxy hoa- Qua trnh kh. Chat oxy hoa Chat kh. 2) Hay xac nh so oxi hoa cua lu huynh, clor, mangan trong cac chat: a) H2S, S, H2SO3, SO3, H2SO4, Al2(SO4)3, SO42-, HSO4-.

b) HCl, HClO, NaClO2, KClO3, Cl2O7, ClO4


MnO4 NH3 N2O
.

Cl2. c) Mn, MnCl2, MnO2, KMnO4, H2MnO2, MnSO4, Mn2O,


,

3) Hay xac nh so oxy hoa cua N trong : N2H4 NO2 NH4NO4 N2O3 HNO2 N2O5 NH4 . NO3
+

4) Xac nh so oxy hoa cua C trong; CH 4 CO 2 CH3OH Al4C3 CH 2O C 2H2 HCOOH C2H4O2. K2CrO4, CrO3, K2Cr2O7, Cr2(SO4)4.

Na2CO3 C 2H6O

5) Tnh SOH cua Cr trong cac trng hp sau : Cr 2O3,


6) Viet s o electron bieu dien cac qua trnh bien oi sau va cho biet qua trnh nao la qua trnh oxihoa, qua trnh nao la qua trnh kh. a) S-2 So S+6 S+4 S+6 S-2 S0. b) N+5 N+2 N0 N-3 N+4 N+1 N0. c) Mn+2 Mn+4 Mn+7 Mn0 Mn+2+.. d) Cl Cl0 Cl+7 Cl+5 Cl+1 Cl-. 7) Can bang cac phng trnh phan ng sau:

trang 43

BAI TAP

Lp 10

A. Dang c ban: a) P + KClO3 P2O5 + KCl. b) P + H2 SO4 H3PO4 + SO2 +H2O. c) S+ HNO3 H2SO4 + NO. d) C3H8 + HNO3 CO2 + NO + H2O. e) H2S + HClO3 HCl +H2SO4. f) H2SO4 + C 2H2 CO2 +SO2 + H2O. B. Dang co moi trng: a) Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NO + H2O. b) Fe + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O. c) Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2S + H2O. d) Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NH4NO3 + H2O. e) FeCO3 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + S + CO2 + H2O. f) Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O. g) Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O. h) FeSO4 + H2SO4 + KMnO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O. i) KMnO4 + HCl KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O. j) K2Cr2O7 + HCl KCl + CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O. C. Dang t oxi hoa kh: a) S + NaOH Na2S + Na2SO4 + H2O. b) Cl2 +KOH KCl + KClO3 + H2O. c) NO2 + NaOH NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O. d) P+ NaOH + H2O PH3 + NaH2PO2. D. Dang phan ng noi oxi hoa kh (cac nguyen to thay oi SOH nam trong cung 1 chat): a) KClO3 KCl + O2. b) KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 c) NaNO3 NaNO2 + O2. d) NH4NO3 N2O + H2O. E. Dang phan ng oxi hoa kh phc tap (tren 3 nguyen to thay oi SOH ). a) FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2 . b) FeS2 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + H2SO4 + NO + H2O. c) As2S3 + HNO3 H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + NO.

trang 44

BAI TAP

Lp 10

F. Dang co an so: a) CxHy + H2SO4 SO2 + CO2 + H2O. b) FexOy +H2SO4 Fe(NO3)3 + S + H2O. c) M + HNO3 M(NO3)n + NO + H2O. d) MxOy + HNO3 M(NO3)n +NO + H2O. e) FexOy + O2 FenOm. 8) Can bang cac phan ng oxy hoa kh sau bang phng phap thang bang electron. Xac nh chat kh, chat oxi hoa: 1. NH3 + O2 NO + H2O. 2. Na + H2O NaOH + H2 . 3. Cu + H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O. 4. Fe3O4 + H2 Fe + H2O. 5. NO2 + O2 + H2O HNO3. 6. Ag + HNO3 AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O. 7. Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O. 8. Zn + HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + NO + NO2 +H2O. 9. Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + N2 +H2O. 10. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 +N2O + N2 +H2O. 11. MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O. 12. KClO3 KCl + KClO4. 13. NaBr + H2SO4 + KMnO4 Na2SO4+ K2SO4 + MnSO4 + Br2
+H2O.

14. K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 +H2O. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. +H2O. 23. 24.

Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 +

Cl2 +KOH KCl + KClO + H2O. C + HNO3 CO2 + NO + H2O. Cu(NO3)2 CuO + NO2 + O2. FeSO4 + H2SO4 + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + NO + H2O. NaNO2 NaNO3 + Na2O + NO. CuS+ HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + NO + S +H2O. FeCu2S2 + O2 Fe2O3 + CuO + SO2. MnO2 + K2MnO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 +KMnO4 SO2 + FeCl3 +H2O FeCl2 + HCl + H2SO4 . O3 + KI + H2O KOH + O2 + I2.

trang 45

BAI TAP

Lp 10

25. KMnO4 + HNO2 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + HNO3 +H2O. 26. KNO3 + S + C K2S + N2 + CO2. 27. HO-CH2-CHO + KMnO4 + H2O CO2 + KOH + MnO2 + H2O. 28. Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + H2 29. CrI3 + KOH + Cl2 K2CrO4 + KIO4 + KCl + H2O. 30. HNO3 NO2 + O2 + H2O. 31. KMnO4 + Na2SO3 + NaOH K2MnO4 +Na2SO4 +H2O. 32. FeCO3 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + CO2 + NO2 + H2O. 33. KMnO 4 + H2C2O4 +H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + CO2 + H2O. 34. CH3OH +KMnO4 + H2SO4 HCOOH + K2SO4 + MnSO4 +H2O. 35. CH3-CH= CH2 + KMnO4 + H2O CH3-CHOH-CH2OH + KOH
+MnO2 .

+ H2O. + H2O.

36. FexOy + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O. 37. NaClO2 + Cl2 NaCl + ClO2. 38. K2Cr2O7 + NaNO2 +H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + NaNO3 39. Cu2S.FeS2 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Cu(NO3)2 + H2SO4 + NO 40. KHSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O.

9) The nao la hoa tr va so oxi hoa cua nguyen t cua mot nguyen to ? Viet cong thc cau tao cua clorua voi va 2cloetan, cho biet hoa tr va so oxi hoa cua moi nguyen t trong cac phan t nay.
10) Neu qui tac xac nh so oxi hoa. 11) nh ngha phan ng oxi-hoa kh, chat oxi hoa, chat kh. Cac loai phan ng : hoa hp, phan tch, the, thuy phan co phai la cac phan ng oxi hoa kh khong ? Cho v du minh hoa.

trang 46

BAI TAP

Lp 10

1) Da vao so oxi hoa ngi ta co the chia cac phan ng hoa hoc thanh may loai ? o la nhng loai phan ng hoa hoc g ? Cho v du. 2) Hay cho biet chieu phan ng cua cac cap oxi hoakh. 3) Cho 3 phan ng minh hoa rang trong phan ng oxihoa kh, cac axit co the ong vai tro chat oxi hoa, chat kh, moi trng. Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra va can bang 4) Phan ng oxi hoa kh la g ? Cho phan ng nA + mBn+ nAm+ + mB (1) Hay so sanh tnh oxi hoa-kh cua cac cap Am+/A va Bn+/B e phan ng (1) xay ra theo chieu thuan. 5) Can bang cac phan ng sau: a) K + H2O b) Na2O2 + H2O NaOH + O2 c) KBrO3 + KBr + H2SO4 K2SO4 + Br2 + H2O d) FeS + HNO3 Fe(NO3) 3 + H2SO4 + NO + H2O e) As2S3 + KClO3 + H2O H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + KCl 6) Hoan thanh cac phng trnh sau a) Al + HNO3 N2 + E + D b) KMnO4 + H2S + H2SO4 S + MnSO4 + M + D 7) Hay can bang cac phng trnh phan ng oxi hoakh sau bang phng phap thang bang electron: a) K2S + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 S + Cr2 (SO4) 3 + K2SO4 + H2O b) Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3) 3 + NO + H2O c) K2SO3 + KMnO4 + KHSO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O d) SO2 + KMnO4 + H2O K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2SO4 e) K2S + KMnO4 + H2SO4 S + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O f) Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3) 2 + NH4NO3 + H2O

trang 47

BAI TAP
g)
H2O

Lp 10

CuS2 + HNO3 Cu(NO3) 2 + H2SO4 + N2O +

h)

K2Cr2O7 + KI + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4) 3 + I2 + K2SO4 + H2O i) FeSO4 + Cl2 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4) 3 + HCl j) KI + KClO3 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + I2 + KCl + H2O k) Cu2S + HNO3 (loang) Cu(NO3)2 + CuSO4 + NO + H2O l) FeS2 + HNO3 NO + SO42- + m) FeBr2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 O n) FexOy + H2SO4 ac t SO2 + o) Fe(NO3)2 + HNO3 loang NO + p) FeCl3 + dung dch Na2CO3 kh A + 8) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng sau a) Ca + dd Na2CO3 b) Na + dd AlCl3 c) Zn + dd FeCl3 d) Fe(NO3) 2 + dd AgNO3 e) Ba(HCO3) 2 + dd ZnCl2 f) CaC2 + H2O g) K + H2O H+ h) CH2 = CH2 + H2O OH i) C2H5Cl + H2O j) NaH + H2O NaOH + H2 k) Na2O2 + H2O NaOH + O2 l) F2 + H2O m) FeO + HNO3 Fe(NO3) 3 + NO + n) FeSO4+KMnO4+H2SO4 Fe2(SO4) 3+ MnSO4 + K2SO4 + o) As2S3+HNO3(loang) + H2O H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + NO + p) KMnO4 + H2C2O4 +H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + CO2 + H2O q) CuSO4 + KI CuI + + r) CuFeS2 + O2 + SiO2 Cu + FeSiO3 +

trang 48

BAI TAP
s) t) u) v) w) x) y) z) 9)

Lp 10

FeCl3 + KI FeCl2 + KCl + I2 AgNO3 + FeCl3 MnO4 + C6H12O6 + H+ Mn2+ + CO2 + FexOy + H+ + SO42- SO2 + FeSO4 + HNO3 NO + Fe3O4 + HCl Ca(OH) 2 dung dch, d + NH4HCO3 FeSO4 + HNO3 NO + A + B + D Cac chat va ion di ay co the ong vai tro chat oxi hoa hay chat kh: Al, Cl2, S, SO2, Fe2+, Ag+ va NO3+. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng minh hoa. 10) Trong cac chat va ion sau ay ong vai tro g (chat oxi hoa hay chat kh) trong cac phan ng oxi hoakh xay ra trong dung dch Cl , SO32, SO2, S, S2. 11) Hay sap xep cac ion cho di ay theo chieu tang dan tnh (kha nang) oxi hoa, cho phan ng minh hoa: Al3+, Fe3+, Cu2+,. 12) Cho cac cap oxi hoakh sau Na+/Na Cu2+/Cu ; Al3+/Al ; Fe3+/ Fe2+ ; 2H+/H2 ; Fe2+/Fe. Hay sap xep cac cap theo th t tang dan kha nang oxi hoa cua cac dang oxi hoa. Dan ra phng trnh phan ng minh hoa s sap xep o. 13) D oan cac phan ng sau co xay ra khong ? Viet phng trnh phan ng neu co a) Cu + FeCl3 b) SnCl2 + FeCl3 14) Cho biet 4 cap oxi hoakh sau Fe2+/Fe ; Fe3+/ Fe2+ ; Cu2+/Cu ; 2H+/H2. Hay sap xep th t tnh oxi hoa tang dan cua cac cap tren. T o cho biet chat nao co the phan ng vi nhau trong cac chat sau a) Cu, Fe, dung dch HCl. b) Dung dch CuSO4 ; dung dch FeCl2 ; dung dch FeCl3.

trang 49

BAI TAP
15)

Lp 10

Trong moi trng axit, MnO2, O3, MnO4, Cr2O42 eu oxi hoa c Cl- thanh Cl2 va Mn4+ b kh thanh Mn2+, Mn+7 b kh thanh Mn+2, Cr+6 b kh thanh Cr+3 va O3 thanh O2. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. 16) Cho dung dch CuSO4, Fe2(SO4) 3, MgSO4 , AgNO3 va kim loai Cu, Mg, Ag, Fe. Nhng cap chat nao phan ng c vi nhau ? Viet phng trnh phan ng. Hay xep theo th t tang dan tnh oxi hoa cua ion va tnh kh cua kim loai. 17) Viet phng trnh phan ng khi cho dung dch KMnO4 (trong moi trng axit) tac dung vi HCl, FeSO4, C6H12O6, H2O2 va H2S (phan ng sinh ra S). 18) Cho Cu tac dung vi HNO3 ac c kh A, cho MnO2 tac vi dung dch HCl c kh B, cho Na2SO3 tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 c kh. Cho cac kh A, B, C tan trong dung dch NaOH. Neu nhan xet ve tnh oxi hoa kh cua moi kh trong phan ng vi dung dch NaOH. 19) Viet cac phng trnh cua Cu, CuO vi H2; dung dch H2SO4 loang ; dung dch H2SO4 ac, nong; dung dch AgNO3 ; dung dch HNO3 loang

trang 50

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Ch ng IV

PHAN NHOM CHNH NHOM VII NHOM HALOGEN

1. V TR CAC HALOGEN TRONG HE THONG TUAN HOAN


Gom co cac nguyen to 9F 17Cl 35Br 53I 85At. Phan t dang X2 nh F2 kh mau luc nhat, Cl2 kh mau vang luc, Br2 long mau nau o, I2 tinh the tm. De nhan them mot electron e at cau hnh ben vng cua kh hiem X + 1e = X- (X : F , Cl , Br , I ) F co o am ien ln nhat , ch co so oxi hoa 1. Cac halogen con lai ngoai so oxi hoa 1 con co so oxi hoa dng nh +1 , +3 , +5 , +7 Tnh tan cua muoi bac AgF AgCl AgBr AgI tan nhieu trang vang luc vang am

2. CLO trong t nhien Clo co 2 ong v va 37 Cl (25%) M Cl=35,5 1 7

3 5 1 7

Cl (75%)

Cl2 co mot lien ket cong hoa tr, de dang tham gia phan ng, la mot chat oxihoa manh. Cl2 tham gia phan ng vi H2, kim loai tao clorua vi soh-1. TAC DUNG VI KIM LOAI (a so kim loai va co t0 e khi mau phan ng) tao muoi clorua 2Na + Cl2 t 2NaCl 2Fe + 3Cl2 t 2FeCl3 Cu + Cl2 t CuCl2
0

trang 51

BAI TAP

Lp 10

TAC DUNG VI HIDRO (can co nhiet o hoac co anh sang) as H2 + Cl2 2HCl Kh hidro clorua khong co tnh axit ( khong tac vi Fe) , khi hoa tan HCl vao nc mi tao thanh dung dch axit. TAC DUNG MOT SO HP CHAT CO TNH KH FeCl2 + Cl2 FeCl3 H2S + Cl2 t 2HCl + S Cl2 con tham gia phan ng vi vai tro va la chat oxihoa, va la chat kh. TAC DUNG VI NC khi hoa tan vao nc , mot phan Clo tac dung (Thuan nghch) Cl 0 + H2O HCl+ HClO ( Axit hipo 2 clor) TAC DUNG VI NaOH tao nc Javen Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
0

3. FLO la chat oxihoa manh, tham gia phan ng


vi hau het cac n chat va hp chat tao florua vi soh -1. TAC DUNG KIM LOAI Ca + F2 CaF2 2Ag + F2 2AgF TAC DUNG VI HIDRO phan ng xay ra manh hn cac halogen khac , hon hp H2 , F2 no manh trong bong toi. H2 + F2 2HF Kh HF tan vao nc tao dung dch HF. Dung dch HF la axit yeu, ac biet la hoa tan c SiO2 4HF + SiO2 t 2H2O + SiF4 (s an mon thuy tinh c ng dung trong k thuat khac tren knh nh ve tranh khac ch). TAC DUNG NC kh flo qua nc se lam boc chay nc (do giai phong O2). 2F2 + 2H2O 4HF + O2
0

trang 52

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Phan ng nay giai thch v sao F2 khong ay Cl2 , Br2 , I2 ra khoi dung dch muoi hoac axit trong khi flo co tnh oxihoa manh hn .

4. BROM VA IOT la cac chat oxihoa yeu


hn clo. TAC DUNG VI KIM LOAI tao muoi tng ng 2Na + Br2 t 2NaBr 2Na + I2 t 2NaI 2Al + 3Br2 t 2AlBr3 2Al + 3I2 t 2AlI3 TAC DUNG VI HIDRO g H2 + Br2 unnon 2HBr un g non H2 + I 2 2 HI phan ng xay ra thuan nghch. o hoat ong giam dan t Cl Br I Cac kh HBr, HI tan vao nc tao dung dich axit O O HBr + H ddaxit HBr HI + H dd axit HI. 2 2 Ve o manh axit th lai tang dan t HCl < HBr < HI
0
0

5. AXIT CLOHIDRIC (HCl) dung dch axit HCl co


ay u tnh chat hoa hoc cua mot axit manh TAC DUNG CHAT CH TH dung dch HCl lam qu tm hoa o (nhan biet axit) HCl H+ + ClTAC DUNG KIM LOAI (ng trc H trong day Beketop) tao muoi (vi hoa tr thap cua kim loai) va giai phong kh hidro Fe + 2HCl t FeCl2 + H2 2 Al + 6HCl t 2AlCl3 + 3H2 Cu + HCl khong co phan ng TAC DUNG OXIT BAZ , BAZ tao muoi va nc NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
0 0

trang 53

BAI TAP
0

Lp 10
0

CuO + 2HCl t CuCl2 + H2O Fe2O3 + 6HCl t 2FeCl3 + 3H2O TAC DUNG MUOI (theo ieu kien phan ng trao oi) CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3 ( dung e nhan biet goc clorua ) Ngoai tnh chat ac trng la axit , dung dch axit HCl ac con the hien vai tro chat kh khi tac dung chat oxi hoa manh nh KMnO4 , MnO2 4HCl- + MnO2 t MnCl2 + Cl 0 + 2H2O 2 6. MUOI CLORUA cha ion am clorua (Cl-) va cac ion dng kim loai, NH + nh NaCl ZnCl2 CuCl2 4 AlCl3 NaCl dung e an, san xuat Cl2, NaOH, axit HCl KCl phan kali ZnCl2 tay g khi han, chong muc go BaCl2 chat oc CaCl2 chat chong am AlCl3 chat xuc tac 7. NHAN BIET dung Ag+ (AgNO3) e nhan biet cac goc halogenua. Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (trang) AS (2AgCl 2Ag + Cl2 ) Ag+ + Br- AgBr (vang nhat) Ag+ + I- AgI (vang am) I2 + ho tinh bot xanh lam 8. HP CHAT CHA OXI CUA CLO Trong cac hp chat cha oxi cua clo, clo co soh dng, c ieu che gian tiep. Cl2O Clo (I) oxit Cl2O7 Clo(VII) oxit HClO Axit hipo clor NaClO Natri hipoclorit HClO2 Axit clor NaClO2 Natri clorit HClO3 Axit cloric KClO3 kali clorat HClO4 Axit pe cloric KClO4 kali pe clorat
0

trang 54

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Tat ca hp chat cha oxi cua clo ieu la chat oxihoa manh. NC ZAVEN la hon hp gom NaCl, NaClO va H2O co tnh oxi hoa manh, c ieu che bang cach dan kh Clo vao dung dch NaOH (KOH) Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O (Cl2 + 2KOH KCl + KClO + H2O) KALI CLORAT cong thc phan t KClO3 la chat oxihoa manh thng dung ieu che O2 trong phong th nghiem 2KClO3 M n 2KCl + O2 Ot KClO3 c ieu che khi dan kh clo vao dung dch kiem ac a c un nong en 1000c 3Cl2 + 6KOH 10 0 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O CLORUA VOI cong thc phan t CaOCl2 la chat oxihoa manh, c ieu che bang cach dan clo vao dung dch Ca(OH)2 ac Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaOCl2 + H2O Neu Ca(OH)2 loang 2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 CaCl2 + Ca(OCl)2 + 2H2O 9. IEU CHE CLO nguyen tac la kh cac hp chat Cl- tao Cl0 TRONG PHONG TH NGHIEM cho HCl am ac tac dung vi cac chat oxihoa manh 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O MnO2 + 4HCl t MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O TRONG CONG NGHIEP dung phng phap ien phan 2NaCl + 2H2O P DD CMN H2 + 2NaOH + Cl2 PN C 2NaCl 2Na+ Cl2 10. IEU CHE HCl PHNG PHAP SUNFAT cho NaCl tinh the vao dung dch H2SO4 am ac
2 0
0 0

t cao 2NaCltt + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HCl

t thap NaCltt + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HCl

trang 55

BAI TAP

Lp 10

PHNG PHAP TONG HP ot hon hp kh hidro va kh clo as H2 + Cl2 2HCl hidro clorua 11. IEU CHE HF bang phng phap sunfat CaF2(tt) + H2SO4() t CaSO4 + 2HF
0

BAI TAP LUYEN TAP 1.2 . CAC HALOGEN . CLO


1) Neu iem giong va khac nhau gia cac Halogen ve cau tao va hoa tnh. 2) T cau tao cua nguyen t clo, hay neu tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng va viet cac phan ng minh hoa. 3) V sao clo am co tnh tay trang con clo kho th khong? 4) Viet 3 phng trnh phan ng chng to clo co tnh oxi hoa, 2 phng trnh phan ng chng to clo co tnh kh. 5) Clo co the tac dung vi chat nao sau ay? Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra: Al (to) ; Fe (to) ; H2O ; KOH ; KBr; Au (tO) ; NaI ; dung dch SO2 6) Hoan thanh chuoi phan ng sau: a)MnO2 Cl2 HCl Cl2 CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 Clorua voi b) KMnO4 Cl2 KCl Cl2 axit hipoclor NaClO NaCl Cl2 FeCl3 HClO HCl NaCl c) Cl2 Br2 I2 HCl FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 7) Can bang cac phan ng oxi hoa kh sau: a) KMnO4 + HCl KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O b) KClO3 + HCl KCl + Cl2 + H2O

trang 56

BAI TAP

Lp 10

c) KOH + Cl2 KCl + KClO3 + H2O d) Cl2 + SO2 + H2O HCl + H2SO4 e) Fe3O4 + HCl FeCl2 + FeCl3 + H2O f) CrO3 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O g) Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + Ca(OCl)2 + H2O 8) a) T MnO2, HCl ac, Fe hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng ieu che Cl2, FeCl2 va FeCl3. b) T muoi an, nc va cac thiet b can thiet, hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng ieu che Cl2 , HCl va nc Javel . 9) ot nhom trong bnh ng kh clo th thu c 26,7 (g) muoi. Tm khoi lng clo va nhom a tham gia phan ng? S: 21,3 (g) ; 5,4 (g) 10) Tnh the tch clo thu c (kc) khi cho 15,8 (g) kali pemanganat (KMnO4) tac dung axit clohiric am ac. S: 5,6 (l) 11) ieu che mot dung dch axit clohiric bang cach hoa tan 2 (mol) hiro clorua vao nc. un axit thu c vi mangan ioxit co d. Hoi kh clo thu c sau phan ng co u tac dung vi 28 (g) sat hay khong? S: Khong 12) Gay no hon hp ba kh A, B, C trong bnh kn. Kh A ieu che bang cach cho axit HCl d tac dung 21,45 (g) Zn. Kh B thu c khi phan huy 25,5 (g) to natri nitrat (2NaNO3 NaNO2 + O2). Kh C thu c do axit HCl d tac dung 2,61 (g) mangan ioxit. Tnh nong o phan tram cua chat trong dung dch thu c sau khi gay no. S: 28,85% 13) Cho 3,9 (g) kali tac dung hoan toan vi clo. San pham thu c hoa tan vao nc thanh 250 (g) dung dch. a) Tnh the tch clo a phan ng (kc).

trang 57

BAI TAP
b) c.

Lp 10

Tnh nong o phan tram dung dch thu

S: a) 1,12 (l) ; b) 2,98% Cho 10,44 (g) MnO2 tac dung axit HCl ac. Kh sinh ra (kc) cho tac dung va u vi dung dch NaOH 2 (M). a) Tnh the tch kh sinh ra (kc). b) Tnh the tch dung dch NaOH a phan ng va nong o (mol/l) cac chat trong dung dch thu c. S: a) 2,688 (l) ; b) 0,12 (l) ; 1 (M) ; 1 (M)

14)

trang 58

BAI TAP

Lp 10

3 . HIRO CLORUA AXIT CLOHIRIC MUOI CLORUA


1) Hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng chng minh rang axit clohiric co ay u tnh chat hoa hoc cua mot axit. 2) Viet 1 phng trnh phan ng chng to axit HCl co tnh oxi hoa, 1 phng trnh phan ng chung to HCl co tnh kh. 3) Cho cac chat sau: KCl, CaCl2 , MnO2 , H2SO4 ac. Tron 2 hoac 3 chat vi nhau. Tron nh the nao e tao thanh hiro clorua? Tron nh the nao e tao thanh clo? Viet phng trnh phan ng. 4) Viet 3 phng trnh phan ng ieu che sat (III) clorua. 5) Neu hien tng xay ra khi a ra ngoai anh sang ong nghiem cha bac clorua co nho them t giot dung dch quy tm. Giai thch. 6) Axit HCl co the tac dung nhng chat nao sau ay? Viet phan ng xay ra: Al, Mg(OH)2 , Na2SO4 , FeS, Fe2O3 , Ag2SO4 , K2O, CaCO3 , Mg(NO3)2 . 7) Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra khi cho lan lt cac chat trong nhom A {HCl, Cl 2} tac dung vi lan lt cac chat trong nhom B {Cu, AgNO 3 , NaOH, CaCO3}. 8) T KCl, H2SO4 ac, MnO2 , Fe, CuO, Zn, hay ieu che FeCl3 , CuCl2 , ZnCl2 . 9) T NaCl, H2O, Fe va cac thiet b can thiet, hay ieu che FeCl3 , FeCl2 , Fe(OH)2 , Fe(OH)3. 10) Nhan biet cac dung dch mat nhan sau bang phng phap hoa hoc: a) KOH, K2SO4 , KCl, K2SO4 , KNO3 b) HCl, NaOH, Ba(OH)2 , Na2SO4 c) HCl, HNO3 , H2SO4 , HBr d) KCl, K2SO4 , KNO3 , KI e) BaCl2 , K2SO4 , Al(NO3)3 , Na2CO3

trang 59

BAI TAP

Lp 10

11) Nhan biet cac dung dch sau bang phng phap hoa hoc: a) NaNO3 , NaCl, HCl. b) NaCl, HCl, H2SO4 12) Hoa tan 1 (mol) hiro clorua vao nc roi cho vao dung dch o 300 (g) dung dch NaOH 10%. Dung dch thu c co phan ng g? Axit, baz hay trung hoa? S: Tnh axit 13) Cho axit H2SO4 ac tac dung het vi 58,5 (g) NaCl, un nong. Hoa tan kh tao thanh vao 146 (g) nc. Tnh C% dung dch thu c. S: 33,3% 14) Co mot dung dch cha ong thi HCl va H2SO4 . Cho 200 (g) dung dch o tac dung dung dch BaCl2 d tao c 46,6 (g) ket tua. Loc ket tua, trung hoa nc loc phai dung 500 (ml) dung dch NaOH 1,6 (M). Tnh C% moi axit trong dung dch au. S: H2SO4 9,8% ; HCl 7,3% 15) ien cac hp chat cha clo vao cac ky t A, B cho phu hp: a) A1 + H2SO4 = B1 + Na2SO4 b) A2 + CuO = B2 + CuCl2 c) A3 + CuSO4 = B3 + BaSO4 d) A4 + AgNO3 = B4 + HNO3 e) A5 + Na2S = B5 + H2S f) A6 + Pb(NO3)2 = B6 + KNO3 g) A7 + Mg(OH)2 = B7 + H2O h) A8 + CaCO3 = B8 + H2O + CO2 i) A9 + FeS = B9 + H2S 16) Thc hien chuoi phan ng sau: a) NaCl HCl Cl2 HClO HCl AgCl Ag CuCl2 HCl b) KMnO4 Cl2 CuCl2 FeCl2 HCl

trang 60

BAI TAP

Lp 10

HCl CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 c) KCl HCl Cl2 Br2 I2 FeCl3 AgCl Ag 17) Hoa tan 31,2 (g) hon hp A gom Na2CO3 va CaCO3 vao dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 (l) CO2 (kc). Tnh khoi lng tng chat trong A. S: 21,2 (g) Na2CO3 ; 10 (g) CaCO3 18) Cho 27,8 (g) hon hp B gom Al va Fe tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thu c 15,68 (l) H 2 (kc). Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong B. S: 19,42% Al ; 80,58% Fe 19) Cho 24 (g) hon hp G gom Mg va MgCO3 tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thu c 11,2 (l) hon hp kh gom H2 va CO2 (kc). Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong G. S: 30% Mg ; 70% MgCO3 20) Hoa tan 34 (g) hon hp G gom MgO va Zn vao dung dch HCl d thu c 73,4 (g) hon hp muoi G. Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong G. S: 23,53% MgO ; 76,47% Zn 21) Cho 31,4 (g) hon hp G gom Al va Zn tac dung va u vi dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c 15,68 (l) H2 (kc). a) Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong G. b) Tnh the tch HCl a dung. S: 17,20% Al ; 82,80% Zn 22) Hoa tan 64 (g) hon hp X gom CuO va Fe2O3 vao dung dch HCl 20%. Sau phan ng, co can dung dch thu c 124,5 (g) hon hp muoi khan G. a) Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong X. b) Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung. S: 75% ; 25% ; 219 (g) 23) Cho 11,9 (g) hon hp G gom Al va Zn tac dung va u vi 400 (ml) dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c m (g) hon hp muoi Gva V (l) kh (kc).

trang 61

BAI TAP

Lp 10

a) Tnh khoi lng tng chat trong G. b) Tnh the tch kh thoat ra (kc). c) Tnh khoi lng hon hp muoi G. S: 5,4 (g) ; 6,5 (g) ; 8,96 (l) ; 40,3 (g) 24) Cho a (g) hon hp A gom CaO va CaCO3 tac dung va u vi 300 (ml) dung dch HCl thu c 33,3 (g) muoi CaCl2 va 4480 (ml) kh CO2 (kc). a) Tnh khoi lng hon hp A. b) Tnh nong o HCl a dung. S: 25,6 (g) ; 2 (M) 25) Hoa tan hoan toan 20 (g) hon hp Y gom Zn va Cu vao mot lng va u dung dch HCl 0,5 (M) thu c 4,48 (l) H2 (kc). Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong Y va the tch axit a dung. S: 65% Zn ; 35% Cu ; 800 (ml) 26) Cho 13,6 (g) hon hp X gom Fe va Fe 2O3 tac dung va u vi 91,25 (g) dung dch HCl 20%. a) Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong X. b) Tnh nong o % dung dch sau phan ng. S: 41,18% Fe ; 58,82% Fe2O3 27) Co 26, 6 (g) hon hp gom hai muoi KCl va NaCl. Hoa tan hon hp vao nc thanh 500 (g) dung dch. Cho dung dch tac dung vi AgNO3 va u th tao thanh 57,4 (g) ket tua. Tnh nong o % moi muoi trong dung dch au. S: KCl 2,98% ; NaCl 2,34% 28) Hoa tan hoan toan mot hon hp A gom Zn va ZnO can dung 100,8 (ml) dung dch HCl 36,5% (d = 1,19) thu c 8,96 (l) kh (kc). Tnh khoi lng A. S: 42,2 (g) 29) Chia 35 (g) hon hp X cha Fe, Cu, Al thanh 2 phan bang nhau: Phan I: cho tac dung hoan toan dung dch HCl d thu 6,72 (l) kh (kc). Phan II: cho tac dung va u 10,64 (l) kh clo (kc).

trang 62

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong X. S: 30) Cho 25,3 (g) hon hp A gom Al, Fe, Mg tac dung va u vi 400 (ml) dung dch HCl 2,75 (M) thu c m (g) hon hp muoi X va V (ml) kh (kc). Xac nh m (g) va V (ml). S: 64,35 (g) ; 12,32 (l) 31) Hoa tan 23,8 (g) hon hp muoi gom mot muoi cacbonat cua kim loai hoa tr I va mot muoi cacbonat cua kim loai hoa tr II vao dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,4 (g) kh. em co can dung dch sau phan ng th thu c bao nhieu gam muoi khan? S: 26 (g) 32) e hoa tan 4,8 (g) kim loai R hoa tr II phai dung 200 (ml) dung dch HCl 2(M). Tm R. S: Mg 33) Cho 19,2 (g) kim loai R thuoc nhom II vao dung dch HCl d thu c 17,92 (l) kh (kc). Tm R. S: Mg 34) Hoa tan 16 (g) oxit cua kim loai R hoa tr III can dung 109,5 (g) dung dch HCl 20%. Xac nh ten R. S:Fe 35) Hoa tan 15,3 (g) oxit cua kim loai M hoa tr II vao mot lng dung dch HCl 18,25% thu c 20,8 (g) muoi. Xac nh ten M va khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung. S: Ba ; 40 (g) 36) Hoa tan 21,2 (g) muoi R2CO3 vao mot lng dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c 23,4 (g) muoi. Xac nh ten R va the tch dung dch HCl a dung. S: Na ; 200 (ml) 37) Hoa tan hoan toan 1,17 (g) mot kim loai A co hoa tr khong oi vao dung dch HCl 1,2 (M) th thu c 0,336 (l) kh. Tm ten kim loai A va the tch dung dch HCl a dung. S: K ; 25 (ml)

trang 63

BAI TAP

Lp 10

trang 64

BAI TAP

Lp 10

4. HP CHAT CHA OXY CUA CLO


1) Ke ten mot so muoi cua axit cha oxi cua clo. Neu phng phap chung e ieu che chung? Viet phng trnh phan ng minh hoa cho tng chat. 2) Viet phng trnh phan ng thc hien chuoi bien hoa sau: a) Kali clorat kali clorua hiro clorua ong (II) clorua bari clorua bac clorua clo kali clorat b) Axit clohiric clo nc Javen clorua voi clo brom iot c) CaCO3 CaCl2 NaCl NaOH NaClO NaCl Cl2 FeCl3 AgCl 3) Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra khi cho cac chat trong nhom A lan lt tac dung cac chat trong nhom B. a) A: HCl, Cl2 B: KOH ac (to), dung dch AgNO3 , Fe, dung dch KBr b) A: HCl, Cl2 B: KOH (to thng), CaCO3 , MgO , Ag 4) Khi un nong muoi kali clorat khong xuc tac th muoi b phan huy ong thi theo hai phng trnh sau: (a) 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 (b) 4KClO3 3KClO4 + KCl Hay tnh: Bao nhieu % khoi lng b phan huy theo (a)? Bao nhieu % khoi lng b phan huy theo (b)? Biet rang khi phan huy hoan toan 73,5 (g) KClO3 th thu c 33,5 (g) KCl. 5) Cho 69,8 (g) MnO2 tac dung vi axit HCl ac. Dan kh clo thu c vao 500 (ml) dung dch NaOH 4 (M) nhiet o thng. a) Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra.

trang 65

BAI TAP

Lp 10

b) Tnh nong o mol cua cac muoi trong dung dch thu c, coi the tch dung dch thay oi khong ang ke.

5.6. FLO BROM - IOT


1) So sanh tnh chat hoa hoc cua flo, brom va iot vi clo. 2) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng e chng to quy luat: hoat ong hoa hoc cua cac halogen giam dan theo chieu tang ien tch hat nhan nguyen t cua chung. Giai thch? 3) Tai sao co the ieu che nc clo nhng khong the ieu che nc flo? 4) Hiro florua thng c ieu che bang cach cho axit sunfuric ac tac dung vi canxi florua. Hay tnh khoi lng canxi florua can thiet e ieu che 2,5 (kg) dung dch axit flohiric 40%. 5) Thc hien chuoi phan ng sau: a) I2 KI KBr Br2 NaBr NaCl Cl2 HI AgI HBr AgBr b) H2 F2 CaF2 HF SiF4 c) KMnO4 Cl2 KClO3 KCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl Cl2 clorua voi d) HBr Br2 AlBr3 MgBr2 Mg(OH)2 I2 NaI AgI 6) Nhan biet cac hoa chat mat nhan sau: a) Dung dch: HCl, KCl, KBr, NaI. b) Dung dch: I2 , Na2CO3 , NaCl, NaBr. c) Dung dch: KOH, HCl, HNO3 , K2SO4 , BaCl2 . d) Chat ran: CaCO3 , K2CO3 , NaCl, KNO3 .

trang 66

BAI TAP

Lp 10

e) Chat ran: AgCl, KCl, BaCO3 , KI. 7) un nong MnO2 vi axit HCl ac, d thu c kh A. Tron kh A vi 5,6 (l) H2 di tac dung cua anh sang th phan ng xay ra. Kh A con d sau phan ng cho tac dung vi dung dch KI th thu c 63,5 (g) I2. Tnh khoi lng MnO2 a dung, biet cac the tch kh eu o kc.

MOT SO CAU HOI ON TAP CHUNG


1) Viet phng trnh ma trong o: a. Clo the hien tnh oxi-hoa . b. Clo va the hien tnh oxi-hoa va the hien tnh kh. c. HCl the hien tnh oxi-hoa. d. HCl the hien tnh kh e. HF the hien tnh chat ac biet cua mot axit . f. HCl the hien tnh axit. 2) Viet phng trnh chng minh: a. Tnh oxi hoa cua cac halogen giam dan t Flo en Iot. b. Viet hai phng trnh chng minh Cl2 co tnh oxihoa. Viet hai phng trnh trong o Cl2 va the hien tnh oxihoa va the hien tnh kh. c. Viet phng trnh trong o co axt clohidric tham gia vi vai tro la chat oxihoa, chat kh, la mot phan ng trao oi. 3) Hay cho biet: a. Tai sao khi ieu che HCl t NaCl ta phai dung NaCl dang tinh the va H2SO4 am ac b. Tai sao nc clo co tnh tay mau nhng e lau ngoai khong kh khong con tnh chat nay.

trang 67

BAI TAP
c.

Lp 10

Tai sao ta co the ieu che HF, HCl t muoi tng ng va axt H2SO4 am ac ma khong ieu che c HBr, HI bang cach nay. d. Nc clo la g? Tai sao nc clo co tnh tay mau? Neu e lau ngoai khong kh th nc clo con tnh tay mau khong? e. Nc Javen la g? Clorua voi? Kaliclorat? f. Tai sao khong dung bnh thuy tinh e ng dung dch HF? g. Tai sao ieu che Cl2, Br2, I2 t HX va MnO2 ma khong dung cac tng t e ieu che F2? e ngh phng phap ieu che F2. h. Tai sao ieu che c nc clo ma khong ieu che c nc flo? i. Tai sao khong dung bnh thep am e ng kh clo? j. Khi ieu che Cl2 t NaCl bang phng phap ien phan dung dch th thiet b phai co mang ngan, tai sao? k. Tai sao dung dd HF e khat kieng? l. Bang cach nao co the phat hien trong bnh ng kh HCl co lan kh Cl2? 4) Giai thch cac hien tng sau: a. M bnh ng kh hidroclorua trong khong kh am th xuat hien khoi. b. Cho mau giay quy tm am vao bnh ng kh clo th luc au quy chuyen sang mau o sau o chuyen sang mau trang (khong mau), tai sao? c. Dan kh clo qua bnh ng dung dch KI co ho tinh bot th dung dch dan chuyen sang mau xanh ac trng. d. Cho bot CuO (mau en) vao dung dch HCl th dung dch dan chuyen sang mau xanh. 5) Quan sat hien tng, giai thch hien tng, viet phng trnh phan ng:

trang 68

BAI TAP

Lp 10

a. Khi kh Clo suc qua dung dch hon hp KI va ho tinh bot. b. a ong nghiem ng AgCl co vai giot quy tm ra ngoai anh sang. c. Dan kh Cl2 lan lt vao cac dung dch: NaCl, KI co ho tinh bot, NaBr. Neu thay bang Br2. 6) Viet phan ng khi cho kh Clo tac dung vi Fe, H2O, KOH. T cac phan ng hay cho biet vai tro cua Clo. 7) Viet phng trnh phan ng (neu co) a. Cho Cl2 gap lan lt cac chat sau: Kh H2S, dung dch H2S, NaBr, HI, CaF2, Al, Cu, Fe, NH3 dung dch Na2SO3, dung dch Na2S, dung dch KOH. b. Cho HCl gap lan lt cac chat sau: CaCO3, KOH, NaClO, KClO3, MnO2, KMnO4, AgNO3, NaBr, CuO, Mg, Fe, Cu. c. Cho axt H2SO4 am ac tac dung lan lt vi cac muoi khan sau: CaF2, NaCl, NaBr, KI. Neu thay bang dung dch H2SO4 va dung dch cac muoi o th co xay ra phan ng hay khong? d. CO2 tac dung vi dung dch CaOCl2, e. Dung dch HCl am ac tac dung vi CaOCl2 co nhiet. 8) Cho cac chat sau : KCl, MnO2, CaCl2, H2SO4 . em tron 2 hoac 3 chat vi nhau nh the nao e thu c kh Hidroclorua ? kh Clo ? Viet cac phng trnh phan ng. 9) Dung phan ng hoa hoc nao e sap xep c tnh chat ac trng o gia cac halogen ? 10) Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan biet cac dung dch sau (ch dung 1 thuoc th): a. HCl, AgNO3, KBr, KI, CaF2, KOH. b. HCl, AgNO3, HBr, HI, KOH, nc clo. c. HCl, AgNO3, HBr, KI, HF, KOH.

trang 69

BAI TAP

Lp 10

d. HCl, HI, NaCl, KBr, KOH, CaF, Nc Clo (c dung thuoc th tuy y). 11) Ch dung mot thuoc th nhan biet cac dung dch sau: a. HCl, MgCl2, KBr, KI, NaOH, AgNO3, CaF2. b. NH4Cl, FeCl3, MgBr2, KI. 12) Hoan thang cac phng trnh phan ng sau ( ghi ro ieu kien) ( ( ( ( a. NaCl (1) HCl 2) FeCl2 3) FeCl3 4) AgCl 5) Cl2 (6) Clorua voi ( ( ( ( b. NaCl (1) Cl2 2) KClO3 3) KCl 4) HCl 5) (6) FeCl3 NaCl ( ( ( c. KClO3 (1) Cl2 2) Clorua voi 3) Cl2 4) NaClO (5) (6) Cl2 nc clo ( d. Natriclorua (1) Hidroclorua 2) Magieclorua ( ( ( ( 3) Kaliclorua 4) Kh clo 5) Kaliclorat 6) Kalipeclorat

e.
Cl2.

MnO2 Cl2 HCl Cl2 NaClO NaCl

NaCl NaOH NaCl HCl Cl2 KClO3 KCl KNO3. g. KMnO4 Cl2 NaCl HCl CuCl2 h. NaCl Cl2 NaClO NaCl HCl. i. MnO2 Cl2 HCl NaCl Cl2 Br2 j. KClO3 KCl Cl2 NaCl HCl k. A C E NaCl NaCl NaCl NaCl B D F l. KMnO4 1 Cl2 2 NaCl 3 HCl 4 FeCl2 5 nc Javen m. NaCl 1 HCl 2 Cl2 3 HCl 4 CuCl2 5

f.

trang 70

BAI TAP

Lp 10

nc clo 1 2 n. NaCl Cl2 HCl 3 FeCl3 4 Fe(NO3)3 5 Nc Javen ( o. Natriclorua (1) Hidroclorua 2) Magieclorua (3 ) (4) (5) ( Kaliclorua Kh clo Kaliclorat 6) Kalipeclorat 13) Cho biet cac chat sau co cung ton tai hay khong? Tai sao? a. Cl2 & dung dch H2S b. NaCl & Br2 c. Cl2 & dung dch KI d. HCl & Na2CO3 e. Cl2 & kh H2S f. N2 & Cl2 g. dd HCl& AgNO3 h. CuO & dd HCl i. Cl2 & dd NaBr j. dd NaOH & Cl2 k. dd HCl& Fe3O4 l. Ag2O & dd HCl 14) T NaCl, H2SO4, Fe Viet phng trnh phan ng ieu che FeCl3, FeCl2. 15) T KCl va H2O viet phng trnh ieu che: nc Javen, Kalipeclorat 16) T MnO2, NaCl, H2O viet phng trnh ieu che HCl va O2 . 17) Cho 19,5 g Zn tac dung vi 7 lt kh clo (kc) thu c 36,72 g muoi. Tnh hieu suat phan ng. 18) Cho 10,3 g hon hp Cu, Al, Fe vao dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh (kc) va 2 g chat khong tan. a. Viet cac phan ng xay ra va tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp.

trang 71

BAI TAP

Lp 10

b. Neu nung nong hon hp tren sau o cho tac dung vi kh clo. Tnh the tch clo can dung e phan ng va u. 19) Cho 30,6 g hon hp Na2CO3 va CaCO3 tac dung vi mot lng va u dd HCl 20% tao thanh 6,72 lt mot chat kh (kc) va mot dung dch A. a. Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. b. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl can dung. c. Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A. 20) Hoa tan m g hon hp Zn va ZnO can va u 100,8 ml dd HCl 36,5% (d=1,19g/ml) thay thoat mot chat kh va 161,352 g dung dch A. a. Tnh m. b. Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A. 21) Cho 3,87 hon hp gom Mg va Al tac dung vi 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M, sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan thu c 4,368 lt kh (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp trong hon hp. b. Tnh nong o mol cac chat co trong dung dch sau phan ng, biet the tch dung dch khong oi trong qua trnh phan ng. c. Tnh khoi lng NaCl (co 5% tap chat) can dung e ieu che u lng axt tren biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 22) Mot hon hp gom Cu va Fe co tong khoi lng la 12 g c cho vao 400ml dung dch HCl 1M. Sau phan ng thu c 6,4 g chat ran, dung dch A va V lt kh (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai. b. Tnh V. c. Lay 360 ml dung dch NaOH 1M cho vao dung dch A, tnh khoi lng ket tua thu c.

trang 72

BAI TAP

Lp 10

23) Cho 2,02 g hon hp Mg va Zn vao coc (1) ng 200ml dung dch HCl. Sau phan ng co can dung dch c 4,86 g chat ran. Cho 2,02 g hon hp tren vao coc (2) ng 400ml ung dch HCl nh tren, sau phan ng co can dung dch c 5,57 g chat ran. a. Tnh the tch kh thoat ra coc (1) (kc) b. Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch HCl. c. Tnh % khoi lng noi kim loai. 24) Mot hon hp gom Zn va CaCO3 cho tac dung vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 17,92 lt (kc). Cho hon hp kh qua dung dch KOH 32% (D= 1,25g/ml) th thu c mot muoi trung tnh va the tch kh giam i 8,96 lt. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. b. Tnh the tch dung dch KOH can dung. 25) Cho 14,2 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, nhom va sat tac dung vi 1500 ml dung dch axit HCl a M d, sau phan ng thu c 8,96 lt kh (kc) va 3,2 g mot chat ran. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b. Tm a, biet the tch dung dch HCl dung d 30% so vi ly thuyet. c. Cho b g hon hp A tac dung va u vi Clo th thu c 13,419 g hon hp cac muoi khan. Tm a, biet hieu suat phan ng la 90%. 26) Cho 14,2 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, nhom va sat tac dung vi V lt dung dch axit HCl 1M d, sau phan ng thu c 8,96 lt kh (kc) va 3,2 g mot chat ran. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b. Tm V, biet the tch dung dch HCl dung d 20 % so vi ly thuyet.

trang 73

BAI TAP

Lp 10

c. Cho a g hon hp A tac dung va u vi Clo th thu c 22,365 g hon hp cac muoi khan. Tm a, biet hieu suat phan ng la 90%. Hoa tan 10,55g hon hp Zn va ZnO vao mot lng va u dung dch HCl 10% th thu c 2,24lt kh H2(kc). d. Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. e. Tnh nong o % cua muoi trong dung dch thu c. f. Cho 6,33 g hon hp tren tac dung vi Cl2, tnh khoi lng muoi tao thanh, biet hieu suat phan ng la 85%. 27) Hoa tan hoan toan 9g hon hp Fe va Mg vao dung dch HCl thu c 4,48lt kh (kc) va mot dung dch A. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp . b. Dan kh Clo d vao dung dch A, sau o co can dung dch th thu c bao nhieu gam chat ran. c. Dung dch HCl tren co CM= 1M (d=0,98g/ml) va dung d 30 % so vi ly thuyet. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung. 28) Hoa tan hoan toan 13,6 g hon hp sat va oxit vi hoa tr cao cua no vao 600 ml dung dch axit HCl 1M. thu c 2240 ml kh (kc). a. Xac nh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp. b. Tnh CM cac chat thu c sau phan ng, gia s the tch dung dch khong oi trong qua trnh phan ng. c. Tnh khoi lng NaCl can thiet e ieu che lng axt tren, biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 29) Cho 12 g hon hp gom sat va ong tac dung vi dd HCl d thu c 2240 ml kh (kc).

trang 74

BAI TAP

Lp 10

a. Xac nh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp. b. Neu cho hon hp tren tac dung vi kh Clo, tnh % khoi lng cac muoi thu c. c. c. Tnh khoi lng NaCl can thiet e ieu che lng clo tren, biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 30) Hoa tan hoan toan 5,7 g hon hp CaCO3 va Fe trong 250 ml dd HCl 1M thu c 2,464 ml kh (kc) a. Xac nh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp. b. b. Tnh CM cac chat trong dung dch thu c, biet the tch dung dch khong oi trong qua trnh phan ng. c. Tnh khoi lng H2 can thiet e ieu che lng HCl tren, biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 31) Cho 14,2 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, nhom va sat tac dung vi 1500 ml dung dch axit HCl a M d, sau phan ng thu c 8,96 lt kh (kc) va 3,2 g mot chat ran. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b. Tm a, biet the tch dung dch HCl dung d 30% so vi ly thuyet. c. Cho b g hon hp A tac dung va u vi Clo th thu c 13,419 g hon hp cac muoi khan. Tm a, biet hieu suat phan ng la 90%. Hoa tan 10,55g hon hp Zn va ZnO vao mot lng va u dung dch HCl 10% th thu c 2,24lt kh H2(kc). d. Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. e. Tnh nong o % cua muoi trong dung dch thu c.

trang 75

BAI TAP
f.

Lp 10

Cho 6,33 g hon hp tren tac dung vi Cl2, tnh khoi lng muoi tao thanh, biet hieu suat phan ng la 85%. 32) Hoa tan hoan toan 9g hon hp Fe va Mg vao dung dch HCl thu c 4,48lt kh (kc) va mot dung dch A. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp . b. Dan kh Clo d vao dung dch A, sau o co can dung dch th thu c bao nhieu gam chat ran. c. Dung dch HCl tren co CM= 1M (d=0,98g/ml) va dung d 30 % so vi ly thuyet. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung.

trang 76

BAI TAP Lp 10 CAC PHAN NG CHNH TRONG CHNG HALOGEN


1) Na + Cl2 2) Fe + Cl2 3) Cu + Cl2 4) H2 + Cl2 5) P + Cl2 6) N2 + Cl2 7) H2O + Cl2........... 8) NaOH + Cl2 9) KOH + Cl2 (nhiet o) 10).....HI + Cl2 11)... .HBr + Cl2..... 12) NaBr + Cl2 13) NaF + Cl2 14) SO2 + H2O +Cl2 15) FeCl2+ Cl2 16) FeBr2 +Cl2 17) Ca(OH)2+Cl2 18).....FeSO4+....Cl2 19) Na2CO3+Cl2 20) Na2SO3+Cl2 21) Na2S+Cl2 22) MnO2 +HCl 23) KMnO4+HCl 24) NaClO +HCl 25) KClO3 +HCl 26) Mg+HCl 27) Fe+HCl 28) Cu+HCl 29) CuO+HCl 30) Fe3O4+HCl 31) FeO+HCl trang 77

BAI TAP
32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43) 44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50) 51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64) 65) 66) Fe2O3 +HCl Fe3O4 +HCl Mg(OH)2+HCl Fe(OH)2+HCl Fe(OH)3+HCl CaCO3 +HCl Na2S +HCl NaHSO3+HCl Na2SO3+HCl NaHSO4+HCl AgNO3+HCl Ba(NO3)2+HCl PbO2+HCl K2Cr2O3+HCl NaCltt +H2SO4 NaCltt +H2SO4 AgNO2+NaCl NaClO + H2O +CO2 CaOCl2+HCl CaOCl2 + H2O +CO2 KClO3 (t0,xt/ k xt) F2+H2 F2+H2O CaF2+H2SO4 SiO2+HF Br2+H2 I2+H2 Br2+NaI Br2+ FeCl2 Br2+H2O Br2 +Cl2 + H2O PBr3+H2O HBr+H2SO4 HI+H2SO4 AgNO3+NaI trang 78

Lp 10

BAI TAP
67) 68) 69) 70) 71) 72) 73) 74) 75) 76) 77) 78) 79) 80) 81) 82) 83) 84) AgNO3+NaBr Br2+Al I2+Al Cl2+NaI I2+H2SO4 Br2+H2SO4 HI+O2 HBr+O2 HI+FeCl3 NaHCO3 tao Na2CO3: NaHCO3 tao BaCO3: NaHSO3 tao Na2SO3: NaHSO3 tao BaSO4: NaHSO3 tao K2SO3 NaHCO3 tao NaCl: Na2CO3 tao BaCO3: Na2 SO3 tao NaH SO3: Na2SO3 tao NaHCO3:

Lp 10

trang 79

BAI TAP

Lp 10

Chn OXI- LU HUYNH g L V THUYET VE PHAN NG

HOA HOC

PHAN NHOM CHNH NHOM VI, OXI LU HUYNH 1. V TR CAC NGUYEN TO NHOM VIA TRONG HE THONG TUAN HOAN Cac nguyen to thuoc PNC nhom VI gom 8O 16S 34Se 52Te 84Po co 6 electron ngoai cung do o de dang nhan 2e e at cau hnh ben vng cua kh hiem. Vay tnh oxihoa la tnh chat chu yeu. 16 2. OXI trong t nhien co 3 ong v 8 O 17 O 18 O , 8 8 Oxi la mot phi kim hoat ong va la mot chat oxihoa manh v the trong tat ca cac dang hp chat , oxi the hien so oxi hoa 2 (tr : F O, H O 2 2 2 cac peoxit Na O 2 ) 2 TAC DUNG HAU HET MOI KIM LOAI (tr Au va Pt), can co t0 tao oxit 2Mg + O2 t 2MgO Magie oxit 4Al + 3O2 t 2Al2O3 Nhom oxit 3Fe + 2O2 t Fe3O4 Oxit sat t (FeO, Fe2O3) TAC DUNG TRC TIEP CAC PHI KIM (tr halogen), can co t0 tao ra oxit S + O2 t SO2 C + O2 t CO2 N2 + O2 t 2NO t0 khoang 30000C hay ho quang ien TAC DUNG H2 (no manh theo t le 2 :1 ve so mol), t0 2H2 + O2 t 2H2O
o o o o o o o

1 +2

trang 80

BAI TAP

Lp 10

TAC DUNG VI CAC HP CHAT CO TNH KH 2SO2 + O2 V2O5 3000C 2SO3 t CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O 3. OZON la dang thu hnh cua oxi va co tnh oxhoa manh hn O2 rat nhieu O3 + 2KI + H2O I2 + 2KOH + O2 (oxi khong co) Do tao ra KOH nen O3 lam xanh qu tam dd KI (dung trong nhan biet ozon) 2Ag + O3 Ag2O + O2 (oxi khong co phan ng) 4. LU HUYNH la chat oxihoa nhng yeu hn O2, ngoai ra S con ong vai tro la chat kh khi tac dung vi oxi S la chat oxihoa khi tac dung vi kim loai va H2 tao sunfua cha S2TAC DUNG VI NHIEU KIM LOAI ( co t0, tao san pham ng soh thap cua kim loai) Fe + S0 FeS-2 sat II sunfua t 0 t Zn + S ZnS-2 kem sunfua -2 Hg + S HgS thuy ngan sunfua, phan ng xay ra t0 thng TAC DUNG HIDRO tao hidro sunfua mui trng ung H2 + S t H2S-2 hidrosunfua S la chat kh khi tac dung vi chat oxihoa tao hp chat vi soh dng (+4, +6) TAC DUNG PHI KIM (tr Nit va Iod) S + O2 SO2 kh sunfur, lu huynh t ioxit, lu huynh (IV) oxit. Ngoai ra khi gap chat oxihoa khac nh HNO3 tao H2SO4 4. HIDROSUNFUA (H2S) la chat kh manh v trong H2S lu huynh co so oxi hoa thap nhat (-2), tac dung hau het cac chat oxihoa tao san pham ng vi soh cao hn. TAC DUNG OXI cothe tao S hoac SO2 tuy lng oxi va cach tien hanh phan ng.
o o o o o

trang 81

BAI TAP
t0

Lp 10
t 0 tthap

2H2S + 3O2 2H2O + 2SO2 (d oxi, ot chay) 2H2S + O2 2H2O + 2S (Dung dch H2S trong khong kh hoac lam lanh ngon la H2S ang chay) TAC DUNG VI CLO co the tao S hay H2SO4 tuy ieu kien phan ng H2S + 4Cl2 + 4H2O 8HCl + H2SO4 H2S + Cl2 2 HCl + S (kh clo gap kh H2S) DUNG DCH H2S CO TNH AXIT YEU : Khi tac dung dung dch kiem co the tao muoi axit hoac muoi trung hoa 1 H2S + NaOH :1 NaHS + H2O :: H2S + 2NaOH 12 Na2S + 2H2O 5. LU HUYNH (IV) OXIT cong thc hoa hoc SO2, ngoai ra co cac ten goi khac la lu huynh dioxit hay kh sunfur, hoac anhidrit sunfur. Vi so oxi hoa trung gian +4 ( S O2). Kh SO2 va la chat kh, va la chat oxi hoa va la mot oxit axit.
+ 4 + 6 + 4

SO2 LA CHAT KH ( S - 2e S ) Khi gap chat oxi hoa manh nh O2, Cl2, Br2 : kh SO2 ong vai tro la chat kh. 2 S O2
+ 4 + 4

O2

V2O5 4500

2SO3
+ 6

S O 2 + Cl2 + 2H2O 2HCl + H2 S O 4


+ 4

SO2 LA CHAT OXI HOA ( S + 4e tac dung chat kh manh


+ 4 + 4

0 S ) Khi

S O 2 + 2H2S 2H2O + 3 S

SO2

Mg

MgO
nNaOH nSO 2

Ngoai ra SO2 la mot oxit axit


1 SO2 + NaOH :1 NaHSO3 (

2)

trang 82

BAI TAP
1 SO2 + 2 NaOH :2 Na2SO3 + H2O (

Lp 10
nNaOH nSO 2

1)

Neu 1<

nNaOH nSO 2

< 2 th tao ra ca hai muoi

mol NaHSO3 : x Na SO : y mol 2 3 6. LU HUYNH (VI) OXIT cong thc hoa hoc SO3, ngoai ra con ten goi khac lu huynh tri oxit, anhidrit sunfuric. La mot oxit axit TAC DUNG VI H2O tao axit sunfuric SO3 + H2O H2SO4 + Q SO3 tan vo han trong H2SO4 tao oleum : H2SO4.nSO3 TAC DUNG BAZ tao muoi SO3 + 2 NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O 7. AXT SUNFURIC H2SO4 trang thai loang la mot axit manh, trang thai ac la mot chat oxihoa manh. dang loang la axt manh lam o qu tm, tac dung kim loai(trc H) giai phong H2, tac dung baz, oxit baz va nhieu muoi. H2SO4 2H+ + SO42- la qu tm hoa mau o. H2SO4 + Fe FeSO4 + H2 H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O H2SO4 + CuO CuSO4 + H2O H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2 HCl H2SO4 + Na2SO3 Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 H2SO4 + CaCO3 CaSO4 + H2O + CO2 dang ac la mot chat oxihoa manh TAC DUNG KIM LOAI oxi hoa hau het cac kim loai (tr Au va Pt) tao muoi hoa tr cao va thng giai phong SO2 (co the H2S, S neu kim loai kh manh)

trang 83

BAI TAP
t0

Lp 10
t0

2Fe + 6 H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3+ 3SO2+ 6H2O Cu + 2 H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2+ 2H2O Al, Fe, Cr khong tac dung vi H2SO4 ac nguoi, v kim loai b thu ong hoa. TAC DUNG VI CAC PHI KIM (tac dung vi cac phi kim dang ran, t0) tao hp chat cua phi kim ng vi soh cao nhat
t 2H2SO4() + C
0

CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O

2H2SO4() + S 3SO2 + 2H2O TAC DUNG MOT SO HP CHAT CO TNH KH FeO + H2SO4
()

t Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O


t0

2HBr + H2SO4 () Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O HUT NC MOT SO CHAT HU C C12H22O11 + H2SO4() 12C + H2SO4.11H2O 8. MUOI SUNFUA VA NHAN BIET GOC SUNFUA (S2- ) hau nh cac muoi sunfua ieu khong tan, ch co muoi cua kim loai kiem va kiem tho tan (Na 2S, K2S, CaS, BaS). Mot so muoi khong tan va co mau ac trng CuS en, PbS en, CdS vang, SnS o gach, MnS hong. e nhan biet S2- dung dung dch Pb(NO3)2 9. MUOI SUNFAT VA NHAN BIET GOC SUNFAT (SO42-) Co hai loai muoi la muoi trung hoa (sunfat) va muoi axit (hidrosunfat). Phan ln muoi sunfat tan, ch co BaSO4, PbSO4 khong tan co mau trang, CaSO4 t tan co mau trang. Nhan biet goc sunfat dung dung dch cha SO4210. IEU CHE OXI 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 (xuc tac MnO2), ieu che trong PTN Trong CN chng cat phan oan khong kh long. 11. IEU CHE HIDROSUNFUA (H2S)
t0

trang 84

BAI TAP

Lp 10

CHO FES HOAC ZNS TAC DUNG VI DUNG DCH HCl FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S OT S TRONG KH HIDRO H2 + S H2S 12. IEU CHE SO2 co rat nhieu phan ng ieu che S + O2 SO2 t
0

t0

Na2SO3 + H2SO4() t Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2


0

SO2. 13. IEU CHE SO3 2SO2 + O2 2 SO3 (xuc tac V2O5, t0) SO3 la san pham trung gian ieu che axit sunfuric. 14. SAN XUAT AXIT SUNFURIC ( trong CN) T QUANG PYRIT SAT FES2 ot FeS2 4FeS2 + 11O2 to 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 V to Oxi hoa SO2 2SO2 + O2 2O5 , 2SO3 Hp nc: SO3 + H2O H2SO4 T LU HUYNH to ot S tao SO2: S + O2 SO2 V O ,t o Oxi hoa SO2 2SO2 + O2 2 2SO3 5 SO3 hp nc SO3 + H2O H2SO4

Cu +2H2SO4() CuSO4 + 2H2O +SO2 4FeS2 + 11O2 t 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 ot ZnS, FeS, H2S, S trong oxi ta cung thu c
t
0

trang 85

BAI TAP

Lp 10

BAI TAP LUYEN TAP 1.2 . OXI LU HUYNH


1) Viet cau hnh electron cua oxy, d oan kha nang bieu hien SOH cua oxy trong cac hp chat. 2) Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua oxy la g? Viet 4 phng trnh phan ng minh hoa. 3) Co 2 bnh ng rieng biet 2 kh oxy va ozon. Trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc e phan biet hai kh o. 4) Oxy tac dung c vi cac chat nao sau ay? Viet phng trnh phan ng: H2; Cl2; S; C; CO; Fe; Na; Ag; SO2; SO3; Fe2O3; CH4. 5) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng khi cho oxy tac dung lan lt cac hp chat sau: CS2 ; FeS2; C2H6O; C3H4O2; C3H7N; CxHy; C3H5Cl; CxHyOz; CxHyOzNt. 6) Thc hien chuoi phan ng sau (ghi ro ieu kien phan ng neu co): a) KNO3 O2 FeO Fe3O4 Fe2O3 FeCl3 b) KClO3 O2 CO2 CaCO3 CaCl2 Ca(NO3)2 O2 c) Al2O3 O2 P2O5 H3PO4 Cu3(PO4)2 KMnO4 d) FeS H2S S Na2S ZnS ZnSO4 SO2 SO3 H2SO4 7) Viet cac phng trnh khi cho lu huynh tac dung vi: a. Kem b. Nhom c. Cacbon d. Oxy 8) Viet 4 phng trnh phan ng chng minh : lu huynh va co tnh oxi hoa va co tnh kh.

trang 86

BAI TAP

Lp 10

9) Lu huynh tac dung c vi cac chat nao sau


ay, viet phng trnh phan ng minh hoa: Cl 2; O2; Hg; Al; HCl; Fe; H2O; Ag; HNO3; H2. 10) Neu s giong nhau va khac nhau gia oxy va lu huynh ve hoa tnh. 11) Ty khoi hi cua mot hon hp X gom ozon va oxy so vi hiro bang 18. Xac nh % ve the tch cua X. 12) Cho 30,4 (g) hon hp X cha Cu va Al tac dung hoan toan vi oxy thu c 40 (g) hon hp CuO va Fe2O3. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong X. 13) ot chay hoan toan 18,8 (g) hon hp A cha H2S va C3H8O ta thu c 17,92 (l) hon hp CO2 va SO2 .Tnh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp A. 14) e ot chay het 10 (l) CH4 ta dung 16 (l) hon hp kh G gom oxy va ozon. Tnh % the tch cua G. S: 50% 15) Cho 2,24 (l) kh ozon (kc) vao dung dch KI 0,5 (M). Tnh V dd KI can dung va khoi lng iot sinh ra. 16) ot chay hoan toan 17,92 (l) hon hp kh G gom CH4 va C2H4 thu c 48,4 (g) CO2. Tnh % ve the tch cua G va the tch O2 can dung. S: 62,5%; 37,5 % ; VO2 = 42,56 lit 17) Nung 360 (g) FeS2 trong khong kh thu c 264 (g) hon hp ran G. Tnh hieu suat phan ng va the tch SO2 sinh ra (kc). 18) Trong PTN, e ieu che O2 ngi ta dung cac phan ng sau: to 2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2 to 2 KMnO4 K2 MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 Nung 80,6 (g) hon hp G gom KMnO4 va KClO3 thu c 15,68 (l) O2 ( kc). Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong G. 19) ot chay hoan toan 12 (g) hon hp G gom C va S thu c 11,2 (l) hon hp kh G. Tnh % ve

trang 87

BAI TAP

Lp 10

khoi lng moi chat trong G va ty khoi hi cua G oi vi hiro. S: 20% ; 80%; M = 56; d = 28 20) ot chay hoan toan hon hp X gom H2S va S ta can 8,96 (l) O2 thu c 7,84 (l) SO2. Tnh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp X, cac kh o kc. 21) Khi ot 18,4 (g) hon hp Zn va Al th can 5,6 (l) kh O2 (kc).Tnh % khoi lng hon hp au. 22) un nong mot hon hp gom 6,4 (g) S va 14,3 (g) Zn trong 1 bnh kn. Sau phan ng thu c chat nao? Khoi lng la bao nhieu? Neu un hon hp tren ngoai khong kh th sau phan ng thu c nhng chat nao? Bao nhieu gam? 23) Cho san pham tao thanh khi un nong hon hp G gom 5,6 (g) bot Fe va 1,6 (g) bot lu huynh vao 500 ml dung dch HCl th thu c hon hp kh G bay ra va dung dch A. a) Tnh % ve the tch cac kh trong G. b) e trung hoa axit con d trong dung dch A can dung 125 ml dung dch NaOH 2 M. Tnh C M cua dung dch HCl. S: 50% ; 50% ; 0,9 M

3 . CAC HP CHAT CUA LU HUYNH


1) Viet 4 phng trnh phan ng chng minh: a) H2S va co tnh axit yeu va co tnh kh manh. b) SO2 va co tnh oxi hoa va co tnh kh . c) H2SO4 va co tnh axit manh va co tnh oxi hoa manh.

trang 88

BAI TAP

Lp 10

2) Kh H2 co lan tap chat H2S. Co the dung dung


dch nao sau ay e loai H2S: NaOH; HCl; Pb(NO3)2; Br2. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. 3) Thc hien chuoi phan ng sau (ghi ro ieu kien phan ng neu co): a) S FeS H2S CuS SO2 SO3 H2SO4 b) Zn ZnS H2S S SO2 BaSO3 BaCl2 c) SO2 S FeS H2S Na2S PbS d) FeS2 SO2 S H2S H2SO4 HCl Cl2 KClO3 O2.

trang 89

BAI TAP

Lp 10

KNO3

e) H2 H2S SO2 SO3 H2SO4 HCl Cl2 S FeS Fe2(SO4)3 FeCl3 f) FeS2 SO2 HBr NaBr Br2 I2 SO3 H2SO4 KHSO4 K2SO4 KCl FeSO 4 FeS Fe2O3 Fe Fe2(SO4)3

Fe(OH)2

Fe(OH)3 g) S SO2 SO3 NaHSO4 K2SO4 BaSO4 4) Bo tuc cac phng trnh phan ng va goi ten cac chat: a) FeS2 + O2 (A) + (B) (ran) (A) + O2 (C) (C) + (D) (long) (E) (E) + Cu (F) + (A) + (D) (A) + (D) (G) (G) + NaOH d (H) + (D) (H) + HCl (A) + (D) + (I) b) Mg + H2SO4 ac (A) + (B)+ (C) (B) + (D) S + (C) (A) + (E) (F) + K2SO4 (F) + (H) (A) + (C) (B) + O2 (G) (G) + (C) (H) c) H2S + O2 (A) (ran) + (B) (long) (A) + O2 (C) MnO2 + HCl (D) + (E) + (B) (B) + (C) + (D) (F) + (G) (G) + Ba (H) + (I)

trang 90

BAI TAP

Lp 10

5) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra khi cho


cac chat nhom A {KOH; FeO; CaSO3; BaCl2; Zn} tac dung vi cac chat nhom B {dd HCl; H2SO4 loang; H2SO4 , nong; dd CuSO4}.

trang 91

BAI TAP

Lp 10

6) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng sau ( neu co): a) Bari + H2SO4 loang o) Mg + H2SO4 (S+6 b kh xuong S-2 ) b) Al + H2SO4 loang p) Zn + H2SO4 (S+6 b c) Cu + H2SO4 , nong kh xuong S0 ) d) Fe + H2SO4 loang q) C + H2SO4 , nong e) Fe + H2SO4 , nong r) Fe2O3 + H2SO4 , f) Zn + H2SO4 , nong nong g) Bari clorua + H2SO4 s) Fe3O4 + H2SO4 loang h) Cu + H2SO4 loang t) Fe3O4 + H2SO4 , i) Ag + H2SO4 , nong nong j) Ag + H2SO4 loang u) FeO + H2SO4 k) Cu + H2SO4 , nguoi loang l) Al + H2SO4, nguoi v) FeO + H2SO4 , m) Ch nitrat + H2SO4 nong n) Natri clorua + H2SO4 , nong 7) a) T S, Fe, HCl neu 2 phng phap ieu che H2S. b) T FeS2, NaCl, H2O, khong kh, chat xuc tac co u, ieu che cac chat sau: FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3, Na2SO4, nc Javel, Na2SO3, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3. c) T NaCl, H2SO4, Fe, Cu, H2S, H2O ieu che : NaOH, FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO4, CuCl2, CuSO4. 8) Phan biet cac lo mat nhan sau: a) Dung dch : NaOH, H2SO4, HCl, BaCl2. b) Dung dch : H2SO4, HCl, NaCl, Na2SO4. c) Dung dch : KCl, Na2CO3, NaI, CuSO4, BaCl2. d) Dung dch : Ca(NO3)2, K2SO4; K2CO3, NaBr. e) Dung dch : NaCl, NaNO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4. f) Dung dch : Na2SO3, Na2CO3, NaCl, MgSO4, NaNO3. g) Dung dch : I2, Na2SO4, KCl, KI, Na2S. h) Bot : Na2CO3, CaCO3, BaSO4, Na2SO4. i) Bot : Na2S. Na2SO3, Na2SO4, BaSO4. 9) Phan biet cac kh mat nhan sau: a) O2, SO2, Cl2, CO2.

trang 92

BAI TAP
b) Cl2, SO2, CO2, H2S, O2, O3. c) SO2, CO2, H2S, H2, N2, Cl2, O2. d) O2, H2, CO2, HCl. 10)

Lp 10

Mot dung dch cha 2 chat tan : NaCl va Na2SO4.Lam the nao tach thanh dung dch ch cha NaCl. 11) a) Muoi NaCl co lan tap chat Na2CO3. Lam the nao e co NaCl tinh khiet. b) Tinh che H2SO4 co lan HCl. 12) a) Neu trong BaSO4 co lan tap chat la BaCl2 lam the nao e nhan ra tap chat o. Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra. b) Tinh che NaCl co lan NaBr, NaI, NaOH. 13) Dan kh hiro sunfua vao 66,2 (g) dung dch Pb(NO3)2 th thu c 4,78 (g) ket tua. Tnh C% cua dung dch muoi ch ban au. 14) Co 20,16 (l) (kc) hon hp gom H2S va O2 trong bnh kn, biet ty khoi hon hp so vi hiro la 16,22. a) Tm thanh phan the tch cua hon hp kh. b) ot chay hoan toan hon hp tren, san pham cua phan ng c hoa tan vao 94,6 (ml) nc. Tnh CM, C% cua cac chat co trong dung dch thu c. S: a. H2S = 4,48 lit ; O2 = 15,68 lit . b. 2,1 M ; 15%. 15) Cho 855 (g) dung dch Ba(OH)2 20% vao 500 (g) dung dch H2SO4. Loc bo ket tua, e trung hoa nc loc, ngi ta phai dung 200 (ml) dung dch 2,5 (M). Tnh C% cua dung dch H2SO4. S: 24,5%. 16) Cho 25,38 (g) BaSO4 co lan BaCl2. Sau khi loc bo chat ran, ngi ta cho vao nc loc dung dch H2SO4 1 (M) en u th thu c 2,33 (g) ket tua. a) Tm % khoi lng BaCl2. b) Tnh the tch dung dch H2SO4. S: a. 8,2% b. 0,01 lit

trang 93

BAI TAP
17)

Lp 10

Cho 5,6 lit kh SO2 (kc) vao: a) 400 ml dung dch KOH 1,5 M. b) 250 ml dung dch NaOH 0,8 M. c) 200 ml dung dch KOH 2 M. Tnh nong o cac chat trong dung dch thu c . d) 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 ta c 44,125 (g) hon hp BaSO3 va Ba(HCO3)2. Tnh nong o dung dch Ba(OH)2. 18) ot chay hoan toan 8,98 lit H2S (kc) roi hoa tan tat ca san pham sinh ra vao 80 ml dung dch NaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 g/ml). Tnh C% cua dung dch muoi thu c. 19) ot chay hoan toan 12,8 gr lu huynh. Kh sinh ra c hap thu het bi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d= 1,28 g/ml). Tm CM, C% cua cac chat trong dung dch thu c sau phan ng. S: Na2SO3 : 2,67 M ; 23,2%. NaOH : 2,67 M ; 7,35%. 20) ot chay hoan toan 6,72 lit ( kc) H2S. a) Tnh lng SO2 thu c. b) Cho lng SO2 noi tren i qua 37,5 ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d=1,28) th muoi g tao thanh. Tnh C% muoi trong dung dch thu c . c) Neu cho lng SO2 thu c tren a) i vao 500 ml dung dch KOH 1,6 M th co muoi g c tao thanh .Tnh CM cac chat trong dung dch sau phan ng. S: a. 19,2 gr ; b. 46.43% ; c. 0,6 M ; 0,4M. 21) Chia 600 ml dung dch H2SO4 thanh 3 phan eu nhau.Dung 250ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d=1,28) th trung hoa 1 phan cua dung dch. a) Tm CM cua dung dch H2SO4.

trang 94

BAI TAP

Lp 10

b) Hai phan con lai cua dung dch H2SO4 c


rot vao 600 ml dung dch NaOH 5M.Tm CM cua cac chat co trong dung dch thu c . S: a. 5M b. NaHSO4 1M c. Na2SO4 1M. 22) Hoa tan 4,8 gr mot kim loai M hoa tr II va u tac dung vi 392 gr dung dch H2SO4 10%. Xac nh M. 23) Cho 40 gr hon hp A cha Cu va Al tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 d thu c 22,4 lit kh (kc). Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai? 24) Cho 36 gr hon hp X cha Fe 2O3 va CuO tac dung va u vi dung dch H 2SO420% thu c 80 gr hon hp muoi. a) Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong hon hp X. b) Tnh khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 a dung. S: a. 44,4% ; 55,6% b. m dd = 269,5gr. 25) Cho 6,8 gr hon hp X gom Mg va Fe vao dung dch H2SO4 loang th thu c 3,36 lit kh bay ra (kc). a) Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong X? b) Neu cho hon hp tren tac dung vi H2SO4 , nong.Tnh VSO2 (kc)? S: a. 17,65% ; 82,35% ; V SO2 = 4,48 lit. 26) Cho 35,2 gr hon hp X gom Fe va CuO tac dung va u vi 800 gr dung dch H2SO4 loang th thu c 4,48 lit kh (kc) va dung dch A. a) Tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong X. b) Tnh C% dung dch H2SO4 a dung. c) Tnh khoi lng cac muoi trong dung dch A. S: a. Fe :31,82% ; CuO : 68,18%. b. C% = 6,125. c. mFeSO4 = 30,4 g : mCuSO4 = 48 g.

trang 95

BAI TAP
27)

Lp 10

Cho m(gr) hon hp X gom Al, Fe tac dung vi 250 ml dung dch H2SO4 loang thu c 72,2 gr hon hp muoi va 12,32 lit kh (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong X. b. Tnh CM dung dch H2SO4 a dung. S: a. Al : 27,84% ; Fe :71,26%. b.CM = 2,2 M. 28) Cho 55 gr hon hp 2 muoi Na2SO3 va Na2CO3 tac dung het vi H2SO4 loang thu c hon hp kh A co ty khoi hi oi vi hiro la 24.Tnh % khoi lng moi muoi trong hon hp au. S: 22,9% ; 77,1% 29) Cho m(gr) hon hp G cha Mg va ZnS tac dung 250 gr dung dch H2SO4 c 34,51 gr hon hp kh A gom H2 va H2S co ty khoi hi so vi oxi la 0,8. a.Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong G. b.Tnh nong o dung dch axit a dung. S: a. 8,03 ; 91,97 b. 9,016%. 30) Cho 40 gr hon hp Fe Cu tac dung va u vi dung dch H2SO4 98% nong thu c 15,68 lit SO2 (kc). a.Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp? b.Tnh khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 a dung? 31) Cho 20,8 gr hon hp Cu va CuO tac dung va u dung dch H2SO4 , nong thu c 4,48 lit kh (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp? b.Tnh khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 80% can dung va khoi lng muoi sinh ra. 32) Cho 7,6 gr hon hp gom Fe, Mg, Cu vao dung dch H2SO4 , nguoi d th thu c 6,16 lit kh SO2 (kc). Phan khong tan cho tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thu c 1,12 lit kh (kc).Tnh % khoi lng hon hp au.

trang 96

BAI TAP

Lp 10

S: Fe : 36,8% ; Mg : 31,58% ; Cu: 31,62%. 33) Cho 10,38 gr hon hp gom Fe, Al va Ag chia lam 2 phan bang nhau: - Phan 1: Tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 loang d thu c 2,352 lit khi (kc). - Phan 2: Tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 , nong d thu c 2,912lit kh SO2 (kc). Tnh khoi lng tng kim loai trong hon hp ban au. S: mFe = 3,36 gr ; mAl = 2,7 gr ; mAg = 4,32 gr. 34) Nung nong hon hp gom 11,2 gr bot Fe va 3,2 gr bot lu huynh. Cho san pham tao thanh vao 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 th thu c hon hp kh A bay ra va dung dch B( Hp = 100%). a. Tm % the tch cua hon hp A. b. e trung hoa dung dch B phai dung 200 ml dung dch KOH 2M.Tm CM cua dung dch H2SO4 a dung. S: a. H2S: 50%; H2: 50%. b. 2M. 35) f Cho 12,6 gr hon hp A cha Mg va Al c tron theo t le mol 3:2 tac dung va u vi dung dch H2SO4 ac, nong thu c kh SO2 (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A? b. Tnh VSO2 ( 270 C; 5 atm). c. Cho toan bo kh SO 2 tren vao 400 ml dung dch NaOH 2,5 M. Tnh CM cac chat trong dung dch thu c. S: a. 57,14% ; 42,86%. 2,95 lit. 36) Cho 20,4 gr hon hp X gom Fe, Zn, Al tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thu c 10,08 lit H2 (kc). Mat khac cho 0,2 mol X tac dung va u vi 6,16 lit Cl2 (kc).Tnh khoi lng moi kim loai.

trang 97

BAI TAP
37)

Lp 10

Cho 24,582 gr hon hp 3 kim loai X, Y, Z co t le khoi lng nguyen t la 10: 11: 23, co t le mol la 1: 2: 3.Neu cho lng kim loai X co trong hon hp tren phan ng vi dung dch HCl th thu c 2,24 lit H2 (kc).Xac nh ten 3 kim loai. 38) Cho H2SO4 loang d tac dung vi 6,66 gr hon hp gom 2 kim loai A,B eu hoa tr II thu c 0,1 mol kh ong thi khoi lng giam 6,5 gr. Hoa tan phan ran con lai bang H2SO4ac, nong th thu c 0,16 gr SO2. a) nh ten 2 kim loai A, B ( gia s MA > MB ). b) Tnh thanh phan khoi lng va thanh phan % khoi lng cua chung co trong hon hp. c) Cho phng phap tach ri tng chat sau ay ra khoi hon hp A, B, oxit B va ASO 4 ( muoi sunfat).

MOT SO BAI TAP CHUNG


1) Viet phng trnh phan ng chng minh: H2S 2) Tai sao ieu che Hidrosunfua t sun fua kim
loai th ta thng dung axit HCl ma khong dung H2SO4 am ac? 3) Tai sao pha loang axit H2SO4 ta phai cho t t H2SO4 vao nc va khuay ieu ma khong lam ngc lai. 4) Tai sao khi ieu che H2S ta khong dung muoi sunfua cua Pb, Cu, Ag? 5) e ieu che mot axit ta thng dung nguyen tac: dung mot axit manh ay axt yeu ra khoi muoi, nhng cung co trng hp ngc lai, hay chng minh. la mot axit va la mot chat kh.

trang 98

BAI TAP

Lp 10

6) Mot thanh sat e lau trong khong kh sau mot thi gian khong con sang bong ma ma co nhng vet o cua g sat? 7) Dan kh clo vao dung dch Na2CO3 co kh CO2 thoat ra, neu thay kh clo bang: SO2, SO3, H2S th co hien tng nh the khong? 8) Viet phng trnh chng minh SO2 va co tnh oxihoa va co tnh kh. 9) Viet 5 pt chng minh O2 la mot chat oxihoa 10) Viet 5 pt ieu che O2. 11) Phan biet O2 va O3. 12) Viet 2 pt chng minh S la mot chat oxihoa, 2 pt chng minh S la chat kh. 13) Cach thu gom Hg ri rt. 14) Viet 3 pt ma trong o H2S la chat kh, 2 pt ma trong o H2S la mot axit. 15) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng chng to H2S la mot axit yeu nhng la chat kh manh. 16) Viet 3 pt chng minh SO2 la mot chat kh, 1 pt chng minh SO2 la mot chat oxi hoa, 2 pt chng minh SO2 la mot oxit axit. 17) ieu che SO2 t Cu, Na2SO3. 18) So sanh tnh chat cua dd HCl va dd H 2SO4 loang. 19) Neu tnh chat hoa hoc giong va khac nhau cua H2SO4 loang va H2SO4 ac. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng e minh hoa, t o rut ra ket luan g oi vi tnh chat hoa hoc cua H2SO4 20) Giay qu tm tam t bang dung dch KI nga sang mau xanh khi gap Ozon. Giai thch hien tng va viet phng trnh phan ng. 21) Neu dung FeS co lan Fe e ieu che H2S th co tap chat nao trong H 2S? Neu cach nhan ra tap chat o.

trang 99

BAI TAP
22)

Lp 10

Viet phng trnh phan ng(neu co) khi cho H2SO4 loang tac dung vi: Mg, Cu, CuO, NaCl, CaCO3, FeS. [Zn, Ag, Fe2O3, KNO3, Na2CO3, CuS]. 23) Viet phng trnh phan ng khi H2SO4 loang va H2SO4 ac nong tac dung vi cac chat sau: Fe, Cu, FeO, Na2CO3. T cac phan ng tren rut ra ket luan g vi axit sunfuric. 24) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng khi cho H2SO4 ac nong tac dung vi : Cu, S, NaCl, FeS. 25) Viet phng trnh phan ng khi cho kh Sunfur tac dung vi : H2S, O2, CaO, dung dch NaOH, dung dch Brom. Hay cho biet tnh chat cua kh Sunfur trong tng phan ng . 26) Kh H2 co lan mot t H2S, co the dung dung dch nao sau ay e loai bo H2S ra khoi H2: dung dch natrihidroxit, dung dch hidroclorua, dung dch chnitrat 27) ch dung them mot hoa chat hay phan biet cac cha sau: a. 5 dung dch: K2SO4, FeCl2, Na2SO3, NH4HS, FeCl3. b. KOH, NaCl, MgCl2, AgNO3, HCl, HI. 28) Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan biet cac dung dch sau: Na2SO4, Na2SO3, H2SO4 , HCl. [Na2SO4, Na2S, H2SO4 , HCl]. 29) Nhan biet cac trng hp sau: a. Dung dch: Na2SO4, NaOH, H2SO4 , HCl. b. K2S, Na2SO4, KNO3, KCl c. Na2S, Na2SO3, NaHSO3, Na2SO4. 30) Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan biet cac kh sau: O2, O3, H2S, SO2. 31) Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan biet cac dung dch sau : NaCl, BaCl 2, Na2CO3, Na2SO3 32) Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan biet cac dung dch sau : Na2S, Na2SO3, Na2SO4, BaCl2.

trang 100

BAI TAP

Lp 10

33) Ch dung them mot thuoc th (khong dung chat ch th mau), hay nhan biet cac dung dch sau: Natri sunfat, Axit sunfuric, Natri cacbonat, Axit clohidric.

trang 101

BAI TAP

Lp 10

34) Bang pp hoa hoc hay phan biet cac dd sau: a) KCl, K2CO3, MgSO4, Mg(NO3)2. b) Na2SO4, NaNO3, Na2CO3, NaCl. c) Na2SO3, Na2S, NaCl, NaNO3. d) HCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, Na2CO3. e) AgNO3, Na2CO3, NaCl, K2SO4. f) HCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, K2CO3. g) Na2SO4, Na2CO3, BaCl2, NaNO3, BaCl2, AgNO3. h) HCl, Na2SO4, NaCl, Ba(OH)2. 35) Hoan thanh chuoi: ZnS SO2 H2S Na2S NaHS Na2SO4. 36) Hoan thanh s o bien hoa sau: S FeS SO2 Na2SO3 NaHSO3 BaSO3 37) Hoan thanh phng trnh phan ng: a) FeS2 SO2 SO3 H2SO4 CuSO4 CuCl2 AgCl Cl2 Kaliclorat. b) Na2S CuS SO2 H2SO4 Na2SO4 NaCl HCl Cl2. c) FeS H2S FeS Fe2O3 FeCl3 Fe2SO4 FeCl3 d) Kem Kem sunfua Hidrosunfua Lu huynh Kh sufur Caxisunfit Canxihidrosunfit Canxisunfit Canxiclorua. e) (A) + HCl MnCl2 + (B) + (C). (B) + NaOH (D) + (E) + (F). (B) + KOH Nc Javen. (E) (D) + (G). Fe + HCl (H) + (K) (K) + (B) (L). S + (H) (I). (I) + (B) + (F) (J) + HCl. (J) + Fe (K) + (F) + (M). (M) + (B) + (F) (J) + HCl.

trang 102

BAI TAP

Lp 10

38) Thc hien cac phan ng cua cac chuoi bien hoa sau: a) FeS SO2 SO3 H2SO4 CuSO4 CuS CuO CuSO4. b) H2SO4 S MgS H2S Na2S CuS CuO CuCl2 NaCl Cl2. c) S SO2 NaHSO3 Na2SO3 Na2SO4 NaCl AgCl Cl2 H2SO4 HCl Cl2 CaOCl2. 39) Trnh bay hai phng phap ieu che Hidrosufua t cac chat sau: S, Fe, axit HCl. 40) Viet phng trnh ieu che H2SO4 t quang pyrit. 41) T S, KCl, Al2O3 va H2O hay ieu che KOH, KClO3, AlCl3, phen n, phen kep? 42) T quang pyrit sat, muoi an va nc, viet phng trnh ieu che: Fe(OH)3, Na2SO3, NaSO4. 43) T quang pyrit sat, muoi an, khong kh, nc, khong kh; hay viet phng trnh ieu che: Fe2(SO4)3, Na2SO4, nc Javen, Na2SO3, Fe(OH)3, Natri, Natriclorat, NaHSO4, NaHSO3. 44) T muoi an, nc, H2SO4 ac. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng (ghi ieu kien phan ng neu co) ieu che: Kh Cl2, H2S, SO2 , nc Javen, Na2SO4 45) T quang pyrit sat, muoi an va nc, viet phng trnh ieu che: Fe(OH)3, Na2SO3, NaSO4. 46) T quang pyrit sat, muoi an, khong kh, nc, khong kh; hay viet phng trnh ieu che: Fe2(SO4)3, Na2SO4, nc Javen, Na2SO3, Fe(OH)3, Natri, Natriclorat, NaHSO4, NaHSO3. 47) T piryt sat, khong kh, nc, muoi an (ieu kien va chat xuc tac co u); hay ieu che: Fe2(SO4)3, FeCl3. 48) Cho Hidroxit cua kim loai hoa tr II tac dung va u vi dung dch H2SO4 20% th thu

trang 103

BAI TAP

Lp 10

c dung dch muoi co nong o 24,12%. Xac nh cong thc hidroxit. 49) 2,8 gam Oxit cua kim loai hoa tr II tac dung va het vi 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 1M. Xac nh Oxit o. 50) Hoa tan 7 gam hon hp gom Mg va 1 kim loai kiem A vao dung dch H 2SO4 loang d, sau phan ng thu c 4,48lt kh(kc) va hon hp muoi B. Xac nh kim loai kiem A va % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp au.Tnh khoi lng B, biet rang neu dung 60ml dung dch H2SO4 1M th khong hoa tan het 3,45 gam kim loai A. 51) Cho dung dch H2SO4 tac dung vi dung dch NaOH. Sau phan ng co can dung dch thu c 7,2 gam muoi axit va 56,8 gam muoi trung hoa.Xac nh lng H2SO4 va NaOH a lay. 52) Hoa tan 3,2 gam hon hp Cu va CuO vao H2SO4 ac,nong thu c 672ml kh (kc). Tnh phan hon hp, khoi lng muoi thu c va khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 98% can lay. 53) Hoa tan 11,5gam hon hp Cu, Mg, Al vao dung dch HCl thu c 5,6 lt kh(kc). Phan khong tan cho vao H2SO4 ac,nong thu c 2,24 lt kh(kc). Tnh % khoi lng cua moi kim loai trong hon hp . 54) Hoa tan hoan toan 9,1g[18,4g] hon hp Al va Cu [Fe va Cu] vao H2SO4 ac nong th thu c 5,6lt[8,96lt] kh SO2(kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp . b. Tnh the tch kh H2(kc) thoat ra khi cho hon hp tren tac dung vi H2SO4 loang. 55) Hoa tan hoan toan Vlt kh SO2 (kc) vao nc, cho nc brom vao dung dch en khi brom khong con mat mau th tiep tuc cho dung

trang 104

BAI TAP

Lp 10

dch BaCl2 vao en d, loc lay ket tua can c 1,165g. Tnh V lt kh SO2. 56) Cho 4,8g Mg tac dung vi 250ml dung dch H2SO4 10%(d= 1,176g/ml) thu c kh H2 va dung dch A. a. Tnh the tch kh H2(kc) thu c. b. Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A. 57) Mot hon hp A gom Fe va mot kim loai M hoa tr 2. -Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1g hon hp A bang H2SO4 loang th thu c 4,48lt kh H2(kc). -Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1g hon hp A bang H2SO4 ac nong th thu c 5,6 lt kh SO2(kc). a. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng co the xay ra. b. Xac nh kim loai M. 58) Hoa tan 29,4 g hh Al, Cu, Mg vao dd HCl d tao 14 lt kh 00C, 0,8 atm. Phan khong tan cho tac dung vi dd H2SO4 tao 6,72 lt kh SO2 kc. a. Xac nh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hh. b. Cho hh tren tac dung vi H2SO4 kh tao thanh c dan qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 sau 1 thi gian thu c 54 g ket tua. Tnh V Ca(OH)2 can dung. 59) Hoa tan 24,8g hh X gom Fe, Mg, Cu trong dd H2SO4 , nong d thu c dung dch A. Sau khi co can dd A thu c 132 g muoi khan. 24,8 g X tac dung vi dd HCl d th thu c 11,2 lt kh (kc). a. Viet phng trnh phan ng b. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hh X. 60) Cho 8,3 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, Nhom va Magie tac dung va u vi dd H2SO4 20% (loang). Sau phan ng con chat khong tan B va thu c 5,6 lt kh (kc). Hoa tan

trang 105

BAI TAP

Lp 10

hoan toan B trong H2SO4 , nong, d; thu c 1,12 lt kh SO2 (kc). a. Tnh % so mol moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b. Tnh C% cac chat co trong dung dch B, biet lng H2SO4 phan ng la va u. c. Dan toan bo kh SO2 tren vao dd Ca(OH)2 sau mot thi gian thu c 3 g ket tua va dd D. Loc bo ket tua cho Ca(OH)2 en d vao dd D, tm khoi lng ket tua thu c.

1) HI+O2 2) HBr+O2 3) HI+FeCl3 4) Na+O2 5) Fe+O2 6) Cu+O2 7) H2+O2 8) P+O2 9) N2+O2 10) S+O2 11) C+O2 12) H2S+O2 13) C2H5OH+O2 14) H2S+O2 15) FeS+O2 16) FeS2+ O2 17) CuFeS2+O2 18) Na2S+O2 19) Fe(OH)2 +O2 20) KMnO4(nhiet phan) 21) H2O(pdd)

CAC PHAN NG CHNH TRONG CHNG OXI-LU HUYNH

trang 106

BAI TAP
22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43) 44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50) 51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56) CO2+H2O Ag+O3 KI+ H2O +O3 Na+S Fe+S Cu+S H2+S O2+S HNO3+S F2+S H2S+O2 H2S + Cl2 + H2O SO2 + KMnO4 + H2O SO2 +H2O Na2SO3 +H2SO4 NaHSO3+H2SO4 H2S+ Cl2 SO2 + Br2 + H2O SO2+K2MnO4+H2SO4 SO3 +H2O H2SO4 + Fe H2SO4 +Cu H2SO4 +FeO H2SO4 + Fe2O3 H2SO4 +Fe3O4 H2SO4 +FeS H2SO4 +FeCl2 H2SO4 +FeCO3 H2SO4 +Na2S H2SO4 +CuS H2SO4 l+Fe H2SO4 l +Cu H2SO4 l+FeO H2SO4l+Fe2O3 H2SO4l+Fe3O4 trang 107

Lp 10

BAI TAP
57) 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64) 65) 66) 67) 68) 69) H2SO4l+FeS H2SO4l+FeCl2 H2SO4l+FeCO3 H2SO4l+ CuS H2SO4l+Na2S H2SO4l+CuS NaHCO3 tao Na2CO3: NaHCO3 tao BaCO3: NaHSO3 tao Na2SO3: NaHSO3 tao BaSO4: NaHCO3 tao NaCl: Na2CO3 tao BaCO3: Na2 SO3 tao NaH SO3:

Lp 10

TOC O PHAN NG CAN BANG HOA HOC


1) Can bang cua phan ng sau se chuyen dch ve pha nao khi: Tang nhiet o cua he. Ha ap suat cua he . Tang nong o cac chat tham gia phan ng.

a) N2 + 3H2 2 NH3 + Q. b) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 Q. c) N2 + O2 2NO + Q. d) CO2 + H2 H2O + CO Q. e) C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH + Q. f) 2NO + O2 2NO2 + Q. g) Cl2 + H2 h) 2SO3 2HCl + Q. 2SO2 + O2 Q. trang 108

BAI TAP
2) Cho 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 + 44 Kcal.

Lp 10

Cho biet can bang cua phan ng chuyen dch theo chieu nao khi: a. Tang nhiet o cua he. b. Tang nong o cua O2 len gap oi .

3) Cho H2 + I2 2 HI.

Van toc phan ng thay oi the nao khi nong o cua hiro tang gap hai lan.

4) Can bang phan ng CO2 + H2 CO + H2O

c thiet lap t0C khi nong o cac chat trang thai can bang nh sau: [ CO2] = 0,2 M; [H2] = 0,8 M ; [CO] =0,3 M; [H2O] = 0,3 M. a) Tnh hang so can bang? b) Tnh nong o H2, CO2 ban au.

trang 109

You might also like