T NG H P H U Cơ

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc
DVHD: Nguyn c Cng SVTH: Nhm 4. L Trc Anh Thu Dim Nguyn V Ngc Mai
Etyl axetat
1.1. Nu mt s phng php lm tng nng sut, quy trnh tng hp Etyl axetat, ch r phng php no thng c s dng trong thc t sn sut. Tr li: thng c ba phng php c bn nng cao hiu sut: Cho mt lng d tc cht nh ru hay axit axetic ( thng thng ngi ta thng dng lng d Ancol ). Lm cho phn ng dch chuyn v bn phi. C th lm tng hiu sut este. Phng php tch nc: lm cho phn ng dch chuyn v bn phi (do thiu ht mt lng nc phn ng c su hng to nc), chng ta c th chng ct ng ph hai cu t. Hay cho vo lng d H2SO4 (ht nc). To hn hp ng ph chng ct ba cu t Etyl axetic Ru Nc. Phng php thng s dng trong cng nghip loi nc hoc ester. Trc ht xt vic lai nc ra ngoi:
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Dng d lng etanol lin tc chng ct ko ra, etanol ko theo c nc ra cng, v etanol to vi nc mt hn hp si ng ph hai cu t (binary azeotropic ), vi vic thng xuyn b ct ra cng vi etanol lm cho lng nc trong hn hp gim, chnh v vy lng etyl axetat tng ln. Ct nc ra khi phn ng nh vic cho thm dung mi tr khng ha tan vi nc to ra hn hp si ba cu t (ternary azeotropic) nc cn dung mi tr, c nhit si thp hn nhit si ca nc, ct loi chng ra khi phn ng nhit ny, hn hp c ct ra c ngng t lm lnh tch thnh hai pha, pha nc loi ra ngoi, pha hu c c cha etanol dn quay tr li thit b phn ng ester ha. Cc dung mi tr thng c s dng l benzen, toluen, cloruaform, dicloetan, tetracloruacacbon, Ct ester ra ngoi. Chng ct hn hp ng ph ba cu t, chng ct ester ra c ngng t lm lnh, phn pha tch ra ester, sau y c trng nguyn liu thnh phm. c trng ca cc nguyn liu v thnh phm. Axit axetic c nhit si l 118,5oC, etanol l 78,39o C, etyl axetat si 77oC , im si ng ph ca ba cu t este, etanol, nc l 70oC, chng c thnh phn l 83,2% este, 9% etanol, 7,8% l nc. im si ng ph hai cu t nc, etanol l 78,2oC. Ester, etanol l 71,8oC. Este, nc l 70,5oC
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1.2. S Cng ngh Xn sut etyl axetat v quy trnh xn sut

etanol Acid acetic Acid sunfuric
Thit b phn ng
Thit b ngng t
Thit b ngng t
Thit b trn
Nc
Thit b phn pha
Thp tinh ch
Thp ngng t
Etyl acetat
Thuyt minh s : T axit axtic, etanol, axit sunfuric, c a vo thit b phn ng to ra ester, thit b phn ng duy tr nhit 80oC thu c sn phm etyl axetat, nc v lng d axit axetic, ancol, ta a vo thp chng ct, (chng ct hn hp vi nhit ca thp 70oC ), thu lng etanol v axit cho ancol va axit tr li thit b phn ng, lng este v tp cht cho vo thp ngng t loi b phn ancol v axit d, ancol v axit c dn quay li thp phn
ng, sn phm cn li gm ester v (ru cn li cha loi b ht c ) cho dn qua thit b trn, y ngi ta cho thm nc vo ra sch sn phm loi b ancol cn li ta dn sn phm vo thit b phn pha tch pha (phn ra hai pha, pha hu c v pha nc) pha hu c c cha 93% ester v 2% ancol c dn vo thp tinh ch lm cho sn phm c tinh ch a sp vo thit b ngng t loi b phn ancol v nc sau phn ng cn li cho ra sn phm etyl axetat.
Axit axetic
2.1. Oxi ha axetandehit thnh CH3COOH bng cc phng php khng s dng oxi Phn ng oxi ha bng KMnO4: 2CH3CHO+4KMnO4 4CH3COOH+2K2MnO4+2MnO2+O2 Phn ng vi ng hidroxit: CH3CHO + Cu(OH)2 CH3COOH + CuO2 + H2O Phn ng vi CuO: CH3CHO + 2CuO CH3COOH + Cu2O Phn ng oxi ha Ag2O: CH3CHO + Ag2O CH3COOH + 2Ag
NH 4OH
2.2. Trnh by phng php nng cao hiu sut iu ch axit axetic. iu ch axit axetic t axetandehit. 2CH3CHO + O2 2CH3COOH Cho thm lng d tc cht, cho d lng axetandehit Thu lng axit axetic ra khi phn ng kch thch phn ng theo chiu thun tao ra axit axetic, bng cch da vo nhit si ca tng tc cht.
Mn+ / 60 d
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Tng p sut chuyn dch phn ng theo chiu thun, bng cch cho thm vo hn hp kh tr to cho hn hp mt p xut ng ph, thu lng ester ra ngoi.
2.3. Trnh by phng php tng hp axit axetic nu r c ch, iu kin phn ng. i t axetandehit i t axetilen cho axetilen cng vi nc c xc tc HgSO4 to thnh axetandhit, oxihoa axetandehit ta thu c axit axetic c mt xc tc magan axetat hiu sut ca phn ng t c 90 95% 2CH3CHO + O2 C ch phn ng: O2 2 [O] CH3 C H O
Mn+d / 60
2CH3COOH
CH3 C(+) H O
O O | CH3 C H CH3 C OOH + CH3CHO O O CH3COOH

[O ]
Mun phn ng to thnh dng li giai on to thnh anhidric axetic phi tch nc ra khi phn ng trnh thy phn thnh axit bng cch thm vo mt hn hp to vi nc mt hn hp ng ph ct nc ra ngoi (etyl accetat, benzen).
* Phng php ln men gim Vi khun mycodema acetic c kh nng bin dd ru etylic lang (6% - 9%) thnh dd axit axetic long (gim) c hai phng php ln men gim. - Phng php oocle-ng(opleans) cho men gim vo ru v lu ch nng, trong men gim c cht cha men ancloxi a xc tc cho s oxihoa etylic thnh axit axetic nh oxi khng kh - Phng php suytzenbac (Schwitzenbach). Cng theo nguyn tc trn nhng cho nng xut cao hn, cho dd ru long chy chm t trn xung qua nhng lp v bo c cha men gim, ng thi cho khng kh i t di ln, ru tip xc vi khng kh, b oxihoa nhanh thnh axit axetic, nh dd c xc tc men. * Phng php ct than g bng cch ct than g c th thu c lng axit axetic cng vi mt lng tp cht nh metanol, axeton,... ch ha vi Ca(OH)2 cho kt ta axetat canxi, sau thu hi axit axetic bng cch cho kt ta tc dng vi axit sunfuric.
(CH3COO)2Ca + H2SO4 CH3COOH + CaSO4

iu kin phn ng. nhit 60o 80o C, nng 0.05 0.1 % tnh theo trng lng andehit. p sut thit b phn ng 3 - 4 atm. xc tc Mn2+ ,
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2.4. V s dy chuyn ( s khi ) cng ngh quy trnh sn sut axit axetic t axetandehit. Thuyt minh s . S khi Cng ngh sn xut axit axetic
axetandehit
Kh nito
Xc tc
Khng kh
Thit b phn ng
Chng ct
Kh thi
Ngng t
Tinh ch
Chng ct
Nc
Ngng t
Ngng t
Kh thi
Axit axetic
Axit axetic long
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Thuyt minh s : T axetandehit c phun t trn thp phn ng xung v khng kh hay oxi c dn t di ln, nhit duy tr khong 60-80oC km vi xc tc Mn2+, tin hnh phn ng, c dn qua thp chng ct, da vo nhit si, ta thu c axit v dn anehit quay li thit b phn ng, cho hn hp qua thit b ngng t, sn phm thu c axit v c ln andehit v kh thi , ng thi thi kh ra ngoi thnh phn ch yu ca kh l N2, CO2, t sn phm thu c a chng vo thit b tinh ch, lai b tp cht v xc tc, thu sn phm qua thit b ngng t sn phm axit axetic, khi loi b tp cht cn ln mt lng axit axetic ta a chng qua thit b chng ct v cho thm vo mt lng nc to hn hp ng ph nc v axit dn hn hp qua thit b ngng t ta thu c axit axetic long v thi kh ra ngoi.
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2.6. Trnh by s khi quy trnh cng ngh xn sut axit axetic t axetandehit v tc nhn oxi ha K2Cr2O7 thuyt minh s . SKh tr khi quy trnh cng ngh xn sut axit axetic t axetandehit v K2Cr2O7 CH3CHO + [O] CH3COOH ( K2Cr2O7 )
Nguyn liu
Thit b phn ng
Thit b chng ct
Thit b ngung t
Thp tinh ch
Axit acetic
* Thuyt minh s . T cc q nguyn liu nh andehit axetic, K2Cr2O7, xc tc H2SO4 dn nguyn liu vo thit b phn ng, trong bnh phn ng nhit p sut, tin hnh phn ng oxi ha y hn kh tr c a vo, c dn qua thit b chng ct v thit b ngng t thu acetic v hn hp kh c dn quay li thit b phn ng, acetic c dn qua thp tinh ch loi b tp cht cn li lm tinh khit acetic.
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Ru etylic
1. Nu iu kin tng ng vi xc h tc H3PO4, SiO2 trong tng hp ru etylic. Trnh by s cng ngh xn sut ru etylic theo phng php hidrat ha xt acid v acid H2SO4. Nu u nhc im ca hai phng php. * iu kin tng hp ru etylic bng h xc tc H3PO4, SiO2 l phn ng etylen cng nc sy ra trong mi trng acid nhit 300oC v p sut 70 80 atm. Nng H3PO4 trong cht mang 60-65% Cht mang c sy nhit 1000C Cn phi gi p sut hi nc 2,5-3 mpa Sau 400-500h H3PO4 s mt hot tnh do vy cn phi thm lng H3PO4 mi
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* S cng ngh sn xut xt l axit H3PO4,

Nguyn liu
Thit b phn ng
Thit b phn pha
Kim
Trung ha acid
Thit b chng ct
Thit b chng ct
Thit b ngng t
Thp ngng t
Etylic Mui Thit b lm lnh
Dietyl ete V axetandehit
- Thuyt minh s . T nguyn liu etylen, H3PO4, nc c ln axetylen v etan. c a vo thit b phn ng, trong thit b phn ng nhit khong 280oC 300oC p sut 60 - 80 atm. Phn ng sy ra trong hai pha, pha lng v pha kh, phn ng ph thuc vo b mt tip xc gia hai pha nn phn ng m bo nhit v p sut, dn qua thit b trung trung ha, thit b trung ha ngi ta cho kim vo trung ha axit thnh mui. V cho qua thit b chng ct v thit b lm lnh loi b mui v c cho sn phm qua thit b phn pha, tch thnh hai pha, pha kh dn quay li bnh phn ng, pha lng dn vo thit b chng ct, thp chng ct phn on, dietyl ete v acetandehit nhit si thp c ct ra lm
lnh, etanol c nhit si cao hn dn vo thp ngng t lm sch thnh cn etylic. * Phng php cng acid H2SO4, CH2=CH2 + H2SO4 CH3 CH2OSO3H CH3 CH2OSO3H + H2O C2H5OH + H2SO4
Nguyn liu Thp ngng t Thp chng ct
Thit b phn ng
Thit b ngng t Trung ha acid Ancol etylic
Thp ngng t
Thit b thy phn
Thit b tch mui
ietylete
Mui v c Thp chng ct
Thuyt minh s . Nguyn liu ban u l C2H4 c cho vo thit b phn ng, ti thit b phn ng C2H4 c cho tc dng vi H2SO4 nhit t 70800C v 20 25atm. Sn phm sau phn ng c cho vo thit b thy phn nhit 90 1000c v 5 atm thy phn CH3CH2OSO3H thnh hn hp C2H5OH v H2SO4 ng thi trong thit b cn c ete etylic. a hn hp vo thit b chng ct thu etanol v ete etanol, acid v c ln etanol tch ra khi hn hp em i trung ha acid bng kim thu c cc mui v c v etanol v nc c tch ra a vo thit b chng ct, thit b
chng ct phn on da vo nhit si ca tng cht ta thu c hai sn phm em i ngng t thu c etanol v dietylete. * u im ca phng php trc tip xt H3PO4 Phng php ny v mt cng ngh, qu trnh ch tin hnh trong mt giai on Khng cn thit phi ti sinh H3PO4 Hiu xut cao to c ru c nng cao 95% (S n mn thit b t nu s dng xc tc H3PO4 khng s dng xc tc H3PO4 ln cht mang) * Nhc dim : p xut cao t 60 80atm Nhit cao 280 3000C * u im ca phng php gin tip xt H2SO4 p sut thp 20 25 atm Nhit phn ng thp 70 80oC * Nhc im Nng H2SO4 cao Thu cn c nng thp
Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh
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3. Trnh by mc ch ca cc cng on iu ch etylic bng phng php ln men.

Nguyn liu
sng
Cn
Nghin
Nu
ng ha
Ln men
Chng ct
Cn cao
* Qua trnh x ly nguyen lieu: - Sang : loai bo cac tap chat c hoc co trong nguyen lieu. - Can: nh lng, xac nh lng men can dung cho cac qua trnh sau.
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- Nghien: pha bo mang te bao giup te bao de ho hoa. * Nghien nguyen lieu Pha v cau truc mang te bao thc vat, tao ieu kien giai phong hat tinh bot khoi cac mo, e khi a vao nau ap suat va nhiet o phu hp bien tinh bot thanh dang hoa tan. * Nau nguyen lieu. - Pha v mang te bao cua tinh bot giup cho amylaza tiep xuc c vi tinh bot. - Tao ieu kien bien chung thanh trang thai hoa tan trong dung dch. ay la qua trnh ban au nhng rat quan trong trong san xuat ru etylic. * ng hoa dch chao. Dung enzym amylaza e chuyen hoa tinh bot thanh ng de len men. ( dung enzym amylaza e thuy phan cac lk glucozit) * Len men dch ng S dng nm men bin ng thanh ru va kh CO2 cung vi nhieu san pham trung gian khac. * Chng cat va tinh che con - Chng cat: tach ru va cac tap chat de bay hi khoi giam chn. Ket qua nhan c la ru tho hoac con tho - Tinh che hay tinh luyen: tach cac tap chat khoi con tho va nang cao nong o con.
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4. Tai sao khi cho acid sulfuric vao qua trnh nau gian oan th ho tinh bot t hoac khong b lao hoa? pH ph hp ti u trong qu trnh nu gin on l pH = 3.5 pH ny ng b phn hy t nhng nu tin hnh nu pH ny th trong qu trnh nu cn cho thm acid trnh tnh trng tinh bt b lo ha khi lm lnh. Tinh bot b lao hoa ngha la nhng phan chao sat thanh bnh (noi) tiep xuc vi nhiet au tien se de b chuyen thanh tinh bot bien tnh gay khet, chay, sinh ra v ang. Qu trnh nu gin on c thc hin trong cng 1 ni v vy tinh bt s b nu p sut v nhit cao trong thi gian di v vy lng tinh bt b lo ha s tng khi lm lnh. Trong qu trnh nu ta cho thm acid H2SO4 th qu trnh thy phn tinh bt xy ra nhanh hn, lm cho qu trnh nu din ra nhanh hn, cho nhanh chn. Nh vy s gim c lng tinh bt b lo ha. Tuy nhin khi cho acid vo s lm thit b nhanh b mn do tc dng oxh ca acid. Khi nu xong phi dng xt hoc Na2CO3 trung ha ti pH thch hp cho hot ca amylaza.
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5. Tai sao lai goi la nau ban lien tuc? S d goi la phng phap nau ban lien tuc v phng phap nay cung gom 3 giai oan va c tien hanh trong 3 noi: nau s bo, nau chn va nau chn them nhng phng phap nay nau s bo va nau chn la gian oan con nau chn them la lien tuc. 6. Trnh bay muc ch, nguyen tac cong oan nau nguyen lieu? So sanh 3 phng phap nau. Mc ch: Ph v mng t bo ca tinh bt to iu kin bin chng thnh dng ha tan trong dung dch thnh dch cho. Nguyn tc: + Khi un nguyn liu vi nc s xy ra hin tng trng n, ha tan cc cht kt dnh gia cc t bo dn n lm gim bn c hc ca nguyn liu. + Khi nu ht nguyn liu nhit 120 1350C cc cht pectin s trng n v ha tan sau 20 25 ph, tip l tinh bt v pentoza b ha tan. Nu tip tc tng nhit n 145 1550C th thnh t bo s b ph v, cc ht tinh bt s tch ra v ha tan vo dung dch. C th ni nu nguyn liu l cng on ban u nhng rt quan trng trong sn xut ru etylic, cc cng on tip theo c hiu qu hay khng ph thuc rt nhiu vo kt qu nu nguyn liu.
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C 3 phng php nu nguyn liu: nu gin on, nu lin tc v nu bn lin tc.
Phng php nu Nu lin tc
Nu bn lin tc
Nu gin on
Qu trnh nu chia c im thnh 3 giai on v thc hin trong 3 thit b khc nhau: ni nu s b, ni nu chn v ni nu chn thm.
Qu trnh nu chia thnh 3 giai on v thc hin trong 3 thit b khc nhau: ni nu s b, ni nu chn v ni nu chn thm. Nu s b v nu chn l gin on, nu chn thm l lin tc. Tn dng c nhiu Gim thi gian nu u im hi nhit v p sut Cho php nu nhit cao. thp hoc thi Gim tn tht ng gian ngn tng hiu sut qu --> gim tn tht trnh. ng nn tng hiu Tit kim c 15 sut qu trnh. 30% lng hi.
Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh 10/7/2011
Ton b qu trnh nu c thc hin trong cng mt ni. Trong qu trnh nu c th cho thm H2SO4 300 bome`( 2-4 kg/tn nguyn liu) t tn vt liu ch to thit b. Thao tc n gin.
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Nhc im
Nguyn liu phi Tn nhiu kim loi c nghin tht nh. ch to thit b in, hi, nc phi nu. n nh.
Tn nng lng (hi). Nu lu nhit v p sut cao nn gy tn tht ng nhiu.
7. Trnh bay cac yeu to anh hng en qua trnh ng hoa? a/ Anh hng cua nhiet o Toc o phan ng cua enzym cung nh cac phan ng hoa hoc eu tang giam theo nhiet o. Nhng vi phan ng enzym s gia tang nhiet o ch trong gii han nhat nh khoang 55 600C va tuan theo phng trnh Arhenius: d.lnK -------- = d.T E ------R.T2
Nhiet o ma o toc o phan ng at cc ai goi la nhiet o toi u Nhiet o toi u phu thuoc vao cac yeu to: + nguon goc he amylaza. + nong o c chat trong dung dch. + Thi gian tac dung, thi gian tac dung lau se lam giam kha nang chu nhiet cua enzym. V vay trong thc te san xuat ngi ta luon tm cach rut ngan thi gian ng hoa hay ha thap nhiet o xuong thap hn 2 30C
so vi t0 toi u nham giam s mat hoat tnh cua amylaza. + pH cua moi trng. b/ Anh hng cua pH va o chua. - Tang hoac giam pH se lam giam tac dung thuy phan tinh bot cua amylaza. - Tang nhiet o th pH se tang. pH toi u la 4.6- 5.0. Trong thc te viec xac nh pH cua dch phan ng khong phai luc nao cung lam c. oi vi nguyen lieu on nh th gia pH va o chua luon lien he vi nhau. Lng acid gay nen o chua cua dch ng c a vao t nguyen lieu nau va che pham enzyme. * Anh hng cua nong o enzyme. Khi tang hoat ong cua enzym th toc o thuy phan tinh bot tang va t le thuan vi lng enzym a vao nhng ch trong thi gian au. Trong thc te san xuat lng che pham a vao t le vi lng tinh bot cha trong chao nau (tnh theo %) 8. Trnh bay cac hien tng bat thng, nguyen nhan, bien phap khac phuc khi san xuat con (ru) bang phng phap len men? * Nong o con thap, b uc hoac co mau xanh da tri. -Nguon goc : nc b lan vao con do ngng tu h, mau xanh la do ong b hoa tan.
- Nguyen nhan: do bnh ngng tu hoac bnh lam lanh b ro r bi nc co lan amoniac - Bien phap: sa cha ngay thiet b, can x l nc dung cho noi hi. * Thi gian oxhoa nhanh. - nh hng: s co mat cua cac hp chat khong no ( CH2 = CH-CHO va CH3CH=CH-CHO ) va hp chat cha lu huynh, acrolein (H2S va SO2). - Nguyen nhan: nguyen lieu qua xau, lay san pham trung gian t, nguyen lieu phu khong am bao. - Bien phap: Xa nhieu hi tha khi nau. Tang tieu hao hi va ch so hoi lu thap tinh. Tang lay con au va dau fusel. Kiem tra chat lng nc nau, dung vat lieu phu co chat lng bao am. * Ham lng ester va aldehit tang. - Anh hng: S co mat cua cac ester phc tap ma nguon goc la cac tap chat trung gian va tap chat au. -Nguyen nhan: thap lam viec kem, do nguyen lieu qu xau, hat b boc nong, b mot, mat r qua chua hoac do len men b nhiem. Bien phap: tang hi thap aldehyt va thap tinh, tang con au va lng fusel lay ra. Khi nau can xa hi tha nhieu hn, ngan nga b nhiem khuan. * Ham lng ancol metylic tang. - Anh hng: ham lng metylic tang qua cho phep khong thoa man yeu cau chat lng.
- Nguyen nhan: do nguyen lieu cha nhieu pectin, hoi lu thap aldehit. - Bien phap: Xa hi tha khi nau, tang ch so hoi lu cua thap aldehyt, giam lng san pham lay ra. * Mui & v khong ac trng cho con lam t nguyen lieu thc pham. - nh hng: Tang ham lng ester co nguon goc t tap chat trung gian, cac hp chat hu c khac gluxit dang chat beo - Nguyen nhan: nguyen lieu xau, lay t con dau, lan dau hoa, nc nau va nc noi hi khong c sach
IZOPREN
1.
Trnh by v thuyt minh s cng ngh sn xut izopren vi nguyn liu du l isobutene v fomandehit. * S cng ngh sn xut isopen
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Nguyn liu Thp chng ct Thit b phn ng
Thit b un nng
Thit b trao i nhit Thp chng ct
Thit b un nng
Thit b phn ng
Thit b trung ha Thit b lm lnh Thp chng ct Thp chng ct
Thit b un nng
Izo pren
* Thuyt minh s Qu trnh tng hp izopren chia lm hai giai on, giai oan u tng hp ru khng no v dioxin, giai on sau loi nc to izopren Giai on u: t nhng nguyn liu izobutan v fomandehit di xc tc H2SO4, c dn vo thit b phn ng, thit b phn
ng chia lm hai pha, pha dung dch nc v pha kh, pha nc c khuynh hng chm xung di, pha kh chuyn ng ln tip tc phn ng, pha nc c dn qua thit b chng ct, thit b chng ct phn on lin tc thu hi fomandehit dn quay li thp phn ng, sau cho hn hp i qua thit b un nng loi b methanol v iol ri trung ha hn hp bng kim, dn hn hp qua thp chung ct loi mui ra khi hn hp, hn hp cn li ru khng no (terbutylic ) v dioxin cn c ln izo buten ri cho vo thp chng ct thu hi lng iso pren chua phn ng quay li thp phn ng chuyn hn hp qua giai an sau. Giai an sau: hn hp c a vo thp chng ct v qua thit b un nng v thit b trao i nhit dn hn hp vo thit b phn ng loi nc thu c izopren v isobutan do dioxin b thy phn dn hn hp qua thit b chng ct phn on tch isobutan ra cho tr li thp phn giai on u. Iso pren c chng ct phn on. Iso pren c lm sch bng cch ra bng nc ri chng ct phn on lin tc. nhng cng an trnh isopren b trng hp ngi ta then vo nhng cht c ch.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng nu c th xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut isopren theo phn ng cng anken v fomandehit. * Phn ng to ru 3_metyl buten_1_ol CH3 C = CH2 + HCHO CH2 = C - CH2 CH2 OH | |
CH3 CH3 CH3 C - CH2 - CH2 OH CH2 = C CH = CH2 + H2O | | CH3 CH3 * Phn ng cng to diolxan CH3 C = CH2 + 2HCHO C6H12O2 ( diolxan ) | CH3 C6H12O2 CH2 = C CH = CH2 + CH3OH diolxan | CH3 * Phn ng to ru 3 metyl butan 1.3 diol OH | CH2 = C = CH2 + 2 HCHO CH3 C CH2 CH2 OH | CH3 OH | CH3 C CH2 CH2 OH CH2 = C CH = CH2 + 2H2O | | CH3 CH3 ACRILONITRIL 1. Trnh by s cng ngh sn xut Acrilonitril bng phng php amoni propilen, thuyt minh s ch r iu kin ca mi cng on.
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* S cng ngh sn xut acrilonitril bng amoni propilen:

Nguyn liu Thit b hp th Thp bc hi
Gia nhit bc hi L sy
Thit b phn ng
Thp chng ct Thp chng ct
Thit b to p sut
Trch li
Thit b tch
Thit b hp th Thit b tch Thit b lm lnh HCN Acetonnirinl Xyanohydrin fomandehit
Acrylonitril tinh khit
* Thuyt minh S : T nguyn liu amoni v potylen a vo thp bc hi, sau hn hp ny c a vo thit b phn ng cng vi khng kh, nhit thp phn ng khong 420 470oC v p sut 0.2 mpa vi t l thch hp, v thit b phn ng c b phn lm ngui bi hi nc ngng t, thu c sn phm dn vo thit b to p,
thit b ny sinh hi p sut trung bnh, sau a hn hp vo thit b hp th lm xch amoniac bng acid sunfuric to thnh amonisufat c lm lnh v hon lu acid sunfuric li thit b hp th sn phm khng b hp th c dn vo thit b hp th tip theo, hp th acrylonitril v acid xynilic, axetonnil bng hi nc v cn thi phn kh khng b hp th ra ngoi, sn phm hp ph c a vo thit b gia nhit v bc hi tch nc ra khi hn hp v hon nguyn tr li thit b hp ph, ri dn chng vo thp chng ct, thit b ny chng ct phn on tch acid xinylic a ra ngoi, dn hn hp cn li qua thit b trch li, thit b ny to hn hp ng ph acrilonitril v nc, c tch ra khi hn hp, phn cn li l hn hp nc axetonitrin, xyanohydrin v fomandehit, c chia lm hai lp trong thit b tch lp nc a tr li vo thit b trch li, dung dch nc acrylonirin v nc c a vo l sy v dn qua thit b tch thit b ny v thit b sy c hi lu qua li tch nc ra, t thit b sy dn qua thit b chng ct, thit b nu chng ct thu acrylonitrin v lm tinh khit acrylonitrin.
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nguyn liu trc khi a vo thit b phn ng phi c bc hi nhm tng tc ca phn ng, cn cho d lng NH3 gim hiu sut tao thnh CO2 v aldehyt trong thit b phn ng lun gi nhit 4204700c , p sut 0,2 Mpa, l k ti u chuyn ha popylen l ln nht giai on hp th NH3 d: trc khi a vo hp th sn phm kh to thnh cn c lm lnh tng hp th ca H2SO4 vi NH3 Hp th HCN giai on ny, hn hp sn phm c hp th trong mi trng chn khng
VINYLCLORUA 1. Trnh by s cng ngh sn xut vinylclorua t pha kh bng nhng nguyn liu u.
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S cng ngh sn xut vinylclorua t nguyn liu u kh thin nhin thanh phn ch yu l metan .
Acid clohidric Kh thin nhin Thit b phn ng 1 Thp phn ng 2 Kh Clorua
Thit b nhit phn
Thp tinh ch Thp tinh ch Thp tinh ch
Thp tinh ch
Thit b nhit phn
Thp ngng t
Thp tinh ch
Vinylclorua
Thp ngng t
* Thuyt minh s . T kh thin nhin c thnh phn ch yu kh metan chim khong 85-90% ngoi ra cn c hn hp cc kh nh etan propanb butan, tin hnh cc phn ng tch hn hp kh trn ra khi nhau ta thu oc kh metan. a kh vo thit b nhit phn
thit b nhit phn nhit khong 1500oC, c lm lnh nhanh, thu c kh axetylen a vo thit b tinh ch, thit b ny tinh ch tch ly axetylen v etylen dn qua thit b phn ng 1 nhit ca thp khong 200oC cng acid hidric vi xc tc HgCl2 khng ch phn ng, ngn cho phn ng cng n ht. Ta thu c vinylclorua v c ln etylen, chuyn sn phm qua thit b tinh ch tch kh etylen ra khi vinylClorua a vo thit b ngng t thu hi vinylclorua, kh etylen c tch ra dn vo thit b phn ng 2 nhit ca thp khong 50oC vi xc tc Cl2 v FeCl3 thit b ny tin hnh phn ng cng Clo cho sn phm dicloetan vo thp tinh ch v qua thit b nhit phn trong thit b nhit phn nhit khong 500oC. phn hy dicloetan thnh vinyclorua v acid clohidric v dn qua thit b tinh ch vinylclorua ngng t thu c sn phm, dn acid clohidric c to thnh quay li thit b phn ng 1.
* S cng ngh sn xut vinylclorua t nguyn liu u l du m .
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Thp ngng t Du m Thit b phn ng
Cracking
Kh Clorua
Trung ha acid Thp chng ct Thp chng ct Thp ngng t Thp ngng t Hidrocacbon Vinylclorua Vinylclorua Thp ngng t Nhit phn
* Thuyt minh s T du m ta thu etylen bng cch cracking du m a hn hp vo thp chng ct, thp chng ct phn on thu c kh etylen v cc hidro cacbon, em i ngng t thu etylen v cc hidrocacbon. Kh etylen v kh clorua a vo thit b phn ng dn hn hp qua thit b trung ha acid tch mui ra khi hn hp kh cho hn hp qua thit b chng ct thu c vinylclorua v dicloetan, vinylclorua a vo thp ngng t lm tinh khit, dicloetan dn vo thit b nhit phn ti sinh vinyclorua v acid dn acid quay li thit b trung ha, vinylclorua dn vo thp ngng vinylclorua, * S cng ngh sn xut vinylclorua t nguyn liu u l than .
Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc Than
Than bo
Than gy
Canxioxit
Thit b Nhit phn
L in Nc Thp chng ct
Thp chng ct
Hidrocacbon thm V cc dn xut Canxi hidroxit Thp phn ng
Acid Clohidric
Monomer
Thp tinh ch
Vinylclorua
Thp ngng t
* Thuyt minh s . T than bao gm c than bo v than gy, u c th coi l nguyn liu cho cng nghip sn xut polime, phn loi t than bo v than gy . Than bo nh qu trnh nhit phn ri chng ct phn on lp nha than nhit cao thu c rt nhiu loi hydrocacbon thm v cc dn xut ca chng. C th chuyn ha chng thnh monomer. Than gy v canxi oxit ta a vo l in sn xut canxicacbo cho canxicacbo tc dng vi nc ri a vo thp chng ct ta thu c kh axetylen v cht rn canxi hidroxit dn kh axetylen
vo thit b phn ng, acid Clohidric cng c dn vo thit b phn ng, cho sn phm qua thp tinh ch loi b nhng tp cht cho chng quay li thp phn ng, dn sn phm qua thit b ngng t ta thu c vinylClorua. 2. Hy nu r l do ti sao khi lm sch acetylen ngi ta thng s dng NaOH rn. Ti v: Axetylen thng c ln cc tp cht oxit axit v nc. Do khi iu ch axetylen thng c ln H2S, H3P, CO2 v H2O , * NaOH rn L cht rn, ht m mnh, tan nhiu trong nc. L baz mnh, in li hon ton trong dung dch nc Phn ng trung ho vi axit, oxit axit V d: CO2 + 2NaOH Na3CO3 Khi d CO2: CO2 + Na2CO3 + H2O 2NaHCO3 Mui cacbonat axit ca kim loi kim kh bn, c th tch khi dung dch di dng tinh th khi un cn dung dch. Nhng khi nung nng tinh th b phn tch thnh cacbonat, v d NaHCO3 b phn tch 160oC. Na2CO3 l cht rn mu trng, d tan trong nc. nhit thng n tn ti dng mui ngm nc Na2CO3.10H2O. nhit cao, mt nc to thnh mui khan Na2CO3 c nhit nng chy 850oC. Vi H2S c tnh kh mnh, nu cn ln trong nguyn liu n s ph v tc cht v xc tc nn chng ta cn phi loi b ra khi nguyn liu. H2S + HgCl Hg2S + HCl H2S + NaOH Na2S + H2O
Do vy NaOH rn c th lm sch lm khan axetylen . 3. Ti sao sn xut vinylclorua phi dng nguyn liu u axetylen th. Ti v: trong nguyn liu thung c ln cc tp cht ngoi ra cn c c nc, nc tc dng vi axetylen to ra axetandehit, nh vy s lm tn tht nguyn liu, nn chng ta cn phi loi nc ra khi nguyn liu u. CH CH + H2O CH3CHO Nh vy trong sn xut vinylclorua ngi ta phi dng nguyn liu th, khng c ln hi nc trong ngun liu. Trong qu trnh, ngi ta thng hay lm th axetylen bng cch lm lnh kh 0oC nc s b ng bng ri sung, hoc dn kh i qua dd c hut m cao nh NaOH, P2O5 ... nhng cht ny chng s ht nc lm th (khan) nguyn liu.
POLYVINYLCLORUA 1. Trnh by s cng ngh s khi ca cc phng php trng hp polyvinylclorua.
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Mc d phn ng trng hp ca MVC u tin pht hin nh tc dng khi mo ca nh sng, nhng trong cng nghip, ngi ta ch s dng cc tc nhn khi mo l ha cht. Cc nhm cht chnh thng c s dng nht l cc peroxit hu c v cc hp cht azo, v d nh: Benzoyl peroxit Lauroyl peroxit Caproyl peroxit t-Butyl perpivalat 2,4-Dicloobenzoyl peroxit Di-izopropyl peroxydicacbonat 1,1-Azo-bis-isobutyronitril Dimetyl-1,1-azo-bis-isobutyrat Azo-bis(2,4-dimetylvaleronitril)... Cc gc t do t peroxit hu c c hot ng rt mnh so vi t hp cht azo. Cc hp cht azo li c gi cao hn cc peroxit hu c. Chnh v vy trong thc t, peroxit hu c c dng ph bin hn nhiu. Trong mt vi trng hp, do yu cu c th c th dng hn hp cht khi mo cho polyme c khi lng phn t khc nhau. ** Phng php trng hp PVC trong nh tng PVC c iu ch bng phng php trng hp nh ha gelatin t0 khong 40-500C, p sut 6 7 atm Thnh phn gm: cc monomer, nc, cht nh ha, cht n nh cht khi mo. Trong trng hp nh tng, mi trng phn tn la H2O2 to nh tng. Monomer c phn tn trong nc di dng nh n
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nh. T l gia monomer v nc ty thuc vo qu trnh trao i nhit la chn . Nng ca monomer trong dung dch thm vo khong 30 -60% . phn tn hon ton monomer vo pha nc cn phi dng cht nh ha v khuy mnh. Cht nh ha thng l x phng hoc l mui ca axit bo c hm lng t 0,1 - 0,2% so vi monomer. * Cht nh ha, cht khi mo, cht n nh monomer, nc lm mi trng phn tn to nh tng . * Cht khi mo thng dng l H2O2,hoc l persulphat ca kim loi kim (M2S2O8).khi lng cht nh ha tng th phn tn ca monomer cng tng lm tng tc phn ng trng hp, tng trng lng phn t polyme. * Ngoi cht nh ha v cht khi mo, Ngi ta thng thm vo cht iu ha pH, cht n nh cht ha do, cht iu ha sc cng b mt, lm thay i ln ca ht polymer, * Cc yu t nh hng n trng hp nh tng. - pH trong mi trng: phi t 4 9 - Mui m l h m acetat kim loi nng, ngoi ra c th s dng cc mui photphat, Na2CO3. - nhit cht n nh, cht nh ha, nng v bn cht kch thch, nng ca polymer, tc khuy trn. *u im: C th p dng cng ngh lin tc, tit kim thi gian. Nng cao nng sut trng lng phn t cao. Nhit phn ng thp, sn phm tinh khit. Sn phm to thnh di dng latex v vy phi tch polymer bng phng php sy hoc keo t bng sunfat amomi v dung dch kim. * Nhc im:
- Phn ng ph thuc vo nhiu yu t phc tp nh, pH, cht n nh, cht nh ha v nng ca monomer - Polymer d b nhim bn bi cht nh ha ** Trng Hp Khi: Trng hp polymer pha lng khng dung mi, polymer thu c dng khi lng. Thnh phn: VCM 100% khi lng, cht khi mo 0.02- 0.1% so vi monomer Do phn ng ta nhit mnh nn trong trng hp ny ch nn gii hn mc chuyn ha MVC khong 50-60%. Lng MVC d c thu hi v ti s dng. Phn ng xy ra trong thit b dng ng chm c ng knh nh t song song . MVC c y qua ng chm bng bm p lc . Tc y MVC c iu chnh sao cho khi n on cui ca thit b th 50-60% MVC c chuyn ha thnh PVC.Sau khi qua khi thit b phn ng hn hp c gim p,MVC d c bc hi, lm sch v quay tr li trm bm cao p tip tc s dng. Ngy nay, ngi ta tin hnh qu trnh trng hp khi qua hai giai on c th thu c nhng sn phm c kch thc ht khc nhau, k c loi xp dng cho cc sn phm ha do cng nh loi c t trng cao cho sn phm khng ha do. bc mt, gi l tin trng hp, khong 50% khi lng monome v cht khi mo c np vo thit b phn ng c cnh khuy m neo. Hn hp phn ng c khuy mnh to thnh nhng ht c t trng cao. Mc chuyn ha bc ny l khong 7-10%. - Bn thnh phm tin polyme trn c chuyn sang thit b phn ng th hai cng vi lng cn li ca monome v cht
khi mo. Phn ng c tip tc cho n khi mc chuyn ha t n 65-85%. * u im: n gin c th tin hnh bng phng php th cng khng i hi tay ngh. To ra polyme sch c th dng sn xut cc loi nha trong sut. S dng t cht khi mo nn li d trong sn phm cui * Nhc im: Sn phm thu c c khi lng phn t khng ng u, kh tho sn phm, kh x l, kh a nhit phn ng ra ngoi, dn n qu nhit cc b. Phn hy polyme lm polyme i mu. ** Trng hp huyn ph. PVC lng, nc, cht khi mo, cht n nh huyn ph, cht n nh nhit v cht c ch tng bn ca huyn ph ngi ta thm vo cht n nh huyn ph, cn c cc polymer tan trong nc do c polymer vinylancol, keo Polymer thu c phng php ny c kch thc ln hn rt nhiu so vi trng hp hu c Nng ca cht khi mo thng mc 0,01 - 0,1% ty thuc vo bn cht ha hc ca cht khi mo, nhit phn ng v mc chuyn ha. Cht to huyn ph thng s dng l nhng cht colloit (keo) tan trong nc nh polyvinyl alcol, gelatin, protein t nhin, cc dn xut xenlulo tan trong nc nh metyl v cacboxymetyl xenlulo, dextran, tinh bt, natri alginat... Cht c s dng ph bin nht l polyvinyl alcol. PA c nhiu loi ty thuc vo mc thu phn cng nh khi lng phn t. Lng PA thng chim t 0,05 - 0,5% khi lung monome. Ngoi nhng cht trn, ngi ta cn s dng cc loi
mui m nh natri hydro pht pht hay borax trnh gim pH ca pha nc khi phn ng trng hp xy ra. i khi mt s cht chng to bt nh Ctanol, polyetylen silicat, cng c s dng gim thiu s hnh thnh bt khi tch monome d cui giai on phn ng. Nhng cht khi mo ph hp bao gm: Cc peroxit ca benzoyl, lauroyl, caproyl, dodecyl, p-cloo-benzoyl, axetyl-cyclohexane-sulphonyl v 3,5,5-trimehylhexanoyl; cc peroxy-dicarbonat ca dietyl v di-izopropyl; cc hp cht azo nh 1,1-azobis-izobutyronitril v dimethyl 1,1-azobisizobutyrat. Hin nay thng dng nht l cc peroxy-dicarbonat. Tuy nhin nh cp trn, vic la chn cht khi mo thch hp ph thuc vo nhit phn ng trng hp. Nng ca cht khi mo thng mc 0,01-0,1% ty thuc vo bn cht ha hc ca cht khi mo, nhit phn ng v mc chuyn ha. Sau y l mt v d n phi liu (tnh theo phn khi lng): - Nc 100. - Colloit to huyn ph 0,1-0,5. - Mui m 0 0,1. - Cht khi mo 0,05 0,3. - Cht chng to bt 0 0,002. - MVC 50 70.
* u im Nhit phn ng thp, polymer c kch thc ng u, tinh khit cao, c th tch polymer rn ra khi nc bng phng php li tm.
c bit thi gian trng hp huyn ph ngn, hiu sut tng i cao. * Nhc im - Tn vt liu ch to thit b, thit b bn trong phi bong sch khng c cc vt xc, vt lm. - Cng sut cnh khuy cng phi ln duy tr s ng u mi trng phn ng.
*S cng ngh trng hp huyn ph:
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Nguyn liu
Thit b ngng t
Thit b phn ng
Va MVC Thp chng ct
Thit b thu hi MVC
Va MVC
Bun g cha
My sy
S l kh thi
My sng
Bt PVC
* Thuyt minh s : T nguyn liu MVC v cht ph gia xc tc, dn nguyn liu vo thp phn ng sn phm thu c hn hp sau phn ng, c gi l va, khng n nh cha cc ht polyme trong pha nc v monome cha phn ng dn qua thit b thu hi MVC trong thit b thu hi thng c my khuy. Ngng khuy s dn n vic lng t cc ht polymer. Chnh v vy, va PVC vn phi tip tc c khuy cho n khi tho ht sang bnh cha trong bnh cha cng c my khuy. Lng MVC cn li sau phn ng chim 10-20% khi lng ban u. Dn lng MVC qua thit b chng ct, phn ln lng MVC s c tch ra bng
bay hi v c thu hi ti thit b ngng t v bn cha va MVC. Do tnh c hi cao ca MVC nn lng MVC d cn phi c tip tc tch trit . V th, va PVC c chuyn sang bn cha MVC, gia nhit v chng ct trong thp chng ct, v lng MVC cn li cng c thu vo bn cha va MVC. Va PVC sau khi tch MVC d c a n bn cha va tch nc, lm kh ti my sy. Nhng cht bay hi c dn qua thit b x l kh thi, phn cn li khng c hi c thi ra ngoi khng kh. Bt PVC kh sau khi qua my sng 10 loi nhng ht qu c, c thng cha PVC. ** Trng hp dung dch Phng php ny d iu chnh nhit , nhit phn ng thp t 35 40oC sn phm thu c c tinh khit cao, trng lung phn t thp ng dng: dng ko si vi lt my mc. Thnh phn cht khi mo khong: 0.02 0.1% * u im D thc hin v d iu khin . * Nhc im S dng lng ln dung mi hu c, (v monome khng tan trong nc) nn rt tn km v rt c hi. * Phng php ny ch p dng cho nhng trng hp m cc yu t k thut khng cho php dng nhng phng php khc hoc v nhng yu cu c bit, v d nh sn xut cc lai polyme lm cht sn ph b mt . ** Cht n nh huyn ph PVA -( CH2 CHOH )n ( CH2 CHOCOCH3)m - , PVA cn cha c nhm axetat, axetat di 5% khng tan c trong nc lnh, nhng tan c trong nc m 65oC, cha khong 19% axetat tan c trong nc, t 20% axetat th khng tan c
trong nc nhit 35 40oC, PVA c nng 40% axetat khng tan c trong nc k c nc nng, nhng tan c trong h methanol v nc. * 2,2_ divinylolcol, HO benzene C(CH3)2 benzene OH Nhit si: 217oC Nhit dung ring: 0.35 kcal / kg.k Khng tan c trong nc, tan c trong ru v dung mi kim pha long L cht c c tnh, gy kch thch da, gy d ng vi mt s ngi * Cht n nh nhit C (CH3)2 OH benzen CH2 CH2 COOC18H37 C (CH3)2 Trng lng phn t: 418 Thng c s dng di dng nh tng trng, kh nng ha tan km, khng tan trong nc nhng tan c trong mt s dung mi hu c 2. Cc cht ph gia trong PVC ( tham kho thm ) PVC nguyn thy hu nh khng c ng dng thc t. c th gia cng thnh nhng sn phm tiu dng phi dng mt s ha cht b sung duy tr, ci thin hoc to ra nhng tnh nng mi cho nha. Ta gi chung nhng ha cht ny l cc ph gia. Ph gia c th l mt ha cht ring bit hay kt hp 2, 3 ha cht c c hiu ng cao hn (synergic) hay mang tnh chn lc hn... Khi y ta s c mt h cht ph gia.Vic la chn ph gia cn phi ch n mt s yu t sau: - Ph gia hoc h ph gia phi c kh nng gim n mc ti a s phn hy ca nha trong qu trnh gia cng; - Lnh vc ng dng sn phm; - Mi trng s dng sn phm; - iu kin gia cng sn phm...
Cht n nh * Cht n nh gip cc sn phm t PVC chng li cc tc ng bn ngoi nh: nhit , nh sng, s xy ha... Chng c th c phn loi nh sau: - Mui kim loi ca axt v c: 3PbO.PbSO4.H2O; 2PbCO3.Pb(OH)2; 2PbO.PbHPO3.1/2H2O; - Mui kim loi ca axt bo: stearat, laurat, naphthenat, ricinoleat... - Phc kim loi: Cc phenat ca Ba/Cd v Ba/Cd/Zn; - Hp cht c thic: Thic dibutyl-dilaurat (DBTL), thic dibutyl maleat (DBTM); Hp cht c cha nhm epoxi CH CH O - Glicidyl ether ca resorcinol, di-iso-butylphenol; - Ester epoxi ha ca axt: oleic, lauric... - Du thc vt epoxi ha: du u nnh, du thu du... - Nha epoxi... Cc loi khc:cc chelat, cc cht chng oxi ha, mercaptit... Vic la chn cc cht n nh ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t: mc ch s dng sn phm, iu kin v mi trng s dng sn phm, cc yu t k thut cng nh kinh t...Ngoi ra kinh nghim thc t ca nh sn xut cng ng mt vai tr rt quan trng. i vi sn phm c yu cu cao v tnh khng c bt buc ta phi chn h cht n nh l hn hp ca du u nnh epoxi ha (3-5 phn) v phc Ca/Mg/Zn (1,5-3 phn). i vi PVC sn xut ng dn nc sinh hot v ph kin ta dng sulphat ch trung tnh (3PbO.PbSO4.H2O) vi t l khng qu 2 phn khi lng.
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Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

10/7/2011 Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

1.2. S Cng ngh Xn sut etyl axetat v quy trnh xn sut

Thit b phn pha

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

10/7/2011 Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

O O | CH3 C H CH3 C OOH + CH3CHO O O CH3COOH

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

(CH3COO)2Ca + H2SO4 CH3COOH + CaSO4

10/7/2011 Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Axit axetic long

10/7/2011 Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

10/7/2011 Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

10/7/2011 Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

10/7/2011 Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

* S cng ngh sn xut xt l axit H3PO4,

Thit b phn pha

Etylic Mui Thit b lm lnh

Dietyl ete V axetandehit

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Thit b ngng t Trung ha acid Ancol etylic

Thit b thy phn

Thit b tch mui

Mui v c Thp chng ct

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

3. Trnh by mc ch ca cc cng on iu ch etylic bng phng php ln men.

Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

C 3 phng php nu nguyn liu: nu gin on, nu lin tc v nu bn lin tc.

Phng php nu Nu lin tc

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Tn nng lng (hi). Nu lu nhit v p sut cao nn gy tn tht ng nhiu.

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Nguyn liu Thp chng ct Thit b phn ng

Thit b trao i nhit Thp chng ct

Thit b trung ha Thit b lm lnh Thp chng ct Thp chng ct

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Lp: C Ha Hu C K31 H Tn: L Trc Anh

Trng Cao ng Cng Thng TPHCM Khoa: Cng Ngh Ha Hc

* S cng ngh sn xut acrilonitril bng amoni propilen:

Thp chng ct Thp chng ct

Thit b hp th Thit b tch Thit b lm lnh HCN Acetonnirinl Xyanohydrin fomandehit

Acrylonitril tinh khit