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ntsn
Cy phn tch
[3]
Chng 3
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Hin hu
[3]
q
y
t do
x
x
x
rng buc rng buc t do
Chng 3
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Thay th
Ch nhng hin hu t do mi c thay th
Bin l nguyn t phi c thay bi mt
nguyn t.
y
t do
x
x
x
rng buc rng buc t do
2 hin hu ny c th c thay th
Chng 3
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Thay th
K hiu F[t/x] ngha l tt c hin hu t do ca
x trong F c thay bi t.
t do
rng buc
y
t do
x
t do
Thay th
Th d :
p
x
rng buc
thay z bng t ?
thay z bng x ?
thay z bng f(t, y) ?
thay z bng g(x, t) ?
Chng 3
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iu kin thay th
[3]
Chng 3
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iu kin thay th
Th d :
rng buc
t1 = f(y, z)
x
t do
t2 = g(x, x)
t3 = h(x, z)
x
t do
Thay th
Nhn xt :
Mt s bin cn c i tn tho mn
iu kin thay th.
F[t/x] lun lun c thc hin, trc
tin i tn tt c cc bin c hin hu rng
buc trong F xut hin trong t. Lc ny t t
do i vi x.
Chng 3
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Thay th
Th d :
r
f(y, z) khng t do i vi x.
x
t do
p
x
t do
Chng 3
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[3]
Chng 3
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[3]
[3]
(= F[t1/x])
(= F[t2/x])
Chng 3
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[3]
Chng minh : t1 = t2 , t2 = t3 t1 = t3
F = eq(x, t3).
tin (F[t2/x])
1 t2 = t3
2 t1 = t2
tin
=e 1, 2 (F[t1/x])
3 t 1 = t3
Chng 3
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[3]
xt :
t t do i vi x trong F, khng phi trong (xF),
ngha l cng thc c g b lng t.
Chng 3
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[3]
Th d :
p(t), x (p(x)q(x)) q(t)
vi mi t (t do i vi x)
1
x (p(x)q(x))
tin
2
p(t)q(t)
e 1
3
p(t)
tin
4
q(t)
e 2, 3
Chng 3
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[3]
[3]
dng :
dng k :
nif
F[x0/x]
dng k+1 :
x F
vi bin x0 l bt k v khng xut hin ngoi
cu trc ifnif.
khi vit c dng k+1.
Cu trc ifnif ch l qui nh phm vi ca x0.
Chng 3
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[3]
Chng 3
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[3]
Qui tc i dn t F[x0/x] n x F c v nh
t mt trng hp c bit khi qut ra trng
hp tng qut.
iu kin bin x0 cha xut hin ngoi cu
trc ifnif cho php khi qut c trng hp
tng qut.
V x0 l bt k, khng phi l phn t c
chun bi sn.
Chng 3
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[3]
Chng 3
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[3]
tin
e 1
i 2
Chng 3
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[3]
dng k :
nif G
dng k+1 : G
vi x0 l bt k v khng xut hin ngoi cu
trc ifnif.
Nu c dng m v cu trc ifnif th vit c
dng k+1.
Chng 3
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[3]
Chng 3
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[3]
Chng 3
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[3]
[3]
Chng 3
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[3]
if y0
nif
xy (p(x)q(y))
x p(x)
tin
tin
if x0 p(x0)
p(x0) q(y0)
nif
q(y0)
q(y0)
y q(y)
2 [x0/x]
x y e 1
e 4,5
x e 2,4-6
y i 3-7
Chng 3
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[3]
nh l :
(a) x F x F
(b) x F x F
Chng 3
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Chng 3
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[3]
nh l :
G khng cha hin hu t do ca x (trong G).
(a) x F G x (F G)
(b) x F G x (F G)
(c) x F G x (F G)
(d) x F G x (F G)
Chng 3
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[3]
nh l :
G khng cha hin hu t do ca x (trong G).
(e) x (G F) G x F
(f)
x (F G) x F G
(g) x (F G) x F G
(h) x (G F) G x F
Chng 3
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[3]
x (F G)
x (F G)
yx F
yx F
Chng 3
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Bi tp
Chng 3 : Lun l v t
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[3]
Chng 3
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[3]
3. Dch ra LLVT :
a. C ng 3 phn t phn bit.
b. C nhiu nht 3 phn t phn bit.
c. Ch mt s hu hn cc phn t phn bit.
4. Chng minh :
F (q1q2) (Fq1) (Fq2) (trong LLM)
F x q(x) x (F q(x)) (trong LLVT) vi
x khng t do trong F.
x (p(x) q(x)) x p(x) x q(x).
Chng 3
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[3]
Chng 3
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Ht slide
Chng 3
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