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B GIO DC V O TO

K THI CHN HC SINH VO CC I TUYN


QUC GIA D THI OLYMPIC QUC T NM 2010
HNG DN CHM THI CHNH THC
Mn: HO HC
Ngy thi th nht: 17/04/2010

Cu 1. (2,5 im). 1. 1,5 im; 2. 1 im.


Bng thit b v iu kin thch hp, mt bc x c di sng l 58,43 nm c chiu vo
mt dng kh nit. Ngi ta xc nh c tc ca dng electron u tin l 1,4072.106 m.s1, tc
ca dng electron tip theo l 1,266.106 m.s1.
1. Tnh nng lng ion ha th nht (I1) v nng lng ion ha th hai (I2) theo kJ.mol1.
2. Cho bit electron th nht e1, electron th hai e2 c bt ra t obitan phn t no ca nit? V sao?
V gin nng lng ca cc obitan phn t v dng cu hnh electron ca N2 gii thch.
Cho: Hng s Planck h = 6,6261.1034 J.s; Tc nh sng c = 2,9979.108 m.s1;
S Avogaro NA = 6,0221.1023 mol1; Khi lng electron me = 9,1094.1031 kg.
Hng dn gii:
1. Gi thit tc dng ca bc x ch tch e t phn t nit.
1
1
h = mvi2 + Ii Ii = h - mvi2 (1)
2
2
1
h = 6,6261.1034 . 2,9979.108 .
. 6,0221.1023 . 103 = 2050,485 (kJ. mol1).
-9
58,34.10
Thay s vo biu thc (1), tnh c I1 = 1507,335 (kJ. mol1); I2 = 1610,867 (kJ.mol1).
2.

T gin nng lng hoc cu hnh electron ha tr

4
2
ca phn t nit s2 *2
s x,y z : e1 v e2 u c bt ra t
MO-z (MO b chim cao nht).
z
2p
*
z

*
x

*
y

2pb

s*

2sa

2sb
s

Cu 2. (2,5 im). 1. 1,75 im; 2. 0,75 im.


Cho s cc phn ng:

FeSO4
Fe2(SO4)3 c

FeCl2 (dd) KCN c, d

A (dd)

AgNO3

B kt ta trng
C kt ta xanh m
D kt ta trng
FeCl2

KMnO4, H+

E (dd)

Pb(OH)2, KOH

1. Vit phng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra theo s trn.


2. Hy cho bit t tnh ca hp cht A, dng thuyt lai ha gii thch.
Hng dn gii:
1. Cc phng trnh phn ng:
Fe2+ + 6 CN- [Fe(CN)64- ]

G kt ta xanh
A + F kt ta nu

(A)

[Fe(CN)64- ] + 2 Fe2+ Fe2[Fe(CN)6] trng

(B)

3 [Fe(CN)64- ] + 4 Fe3+ Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 xanh m

(C)

[Fe(CN)64- ] + 4 Ag+ Ag4[Fe(CN)6] trng

(D)
Trang 1/8

5 [Fe(CN)64- ] + MnO-4 + 8 H+ Mn2+ + 4 H2O + 5 [Fe(CN)36 ]

(E)

2+
2 [Fe(CN)3 Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 xanh
6 ] + 3 Fe

(G)

2+
Hoc K+ + [Fe(CN)3 KFe[Fe(CN)6] xanh
6 ] + Fe
42 [Fe(CN)36 ] + Pb(OH) 2 + 2 OH 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] + 2 H2O + PbO2 nu
2. Cu hnh electron ca Fe2+ l [Ar]3d64s04p04d0

(F)

4s
4p
4d0
3d6
V CN- l phi t trng mnh, do khi to phc vi Fe2+, 4 electron c thn trn 4 obitan 3d
ca Fe(II) b ghp i, gii phng 2 obitan 3d trng. Hai obitan ny lai ha vi 1 obitan 4s v 3 obitan
4p, to thnh 6 obitan lai ha d2sp3 hng v 6 nh ca hnh bt din u. Mi obitan lai ha ny xen
ph vi mt obitan t do c hai electron ca CN -, to ra 6 lin kt cho nhn, hnh thnh phc
[Fe(CN)64- ] lai ha trong, c cu trc bt din. Phc ny nghch t v c tng spin bng khng:

CN- CN

CN

CN- CN- CN

d2sp3

Cu 3. (3,5 im). 1. 0,5 im; 2. 1 im; 3. 1 im; 4. 1 im.


Cho gin qu trnh kh - th kh: qu trnh kh din ra theo chiu mi tn, th kh chun
c ghi trn cc mi tn v o pH = 0.
+0,293
Cr(VI) (Cr2O27)

+0,55

Cr(V)

+1,34

Cr(IV)

Ex

Cr3+

-0,408

Cr2+

Ey

Cr

-0,744
1. Tnh E 0x v E 0y .
2. Da vo tnh ton, cho bit Cr(IV) c th d phn thnh Cr3+ v Cr(VI) c khng?
3. Vit qu trnh xy ra vi h oxi ha kh Cr2 O 72- /Cr3+ v tnh bin thin th ca h nhit
298 K, khi pH tng 1 n v pH.
4. Phn ng gia K2Cr2O7 vi H2O2 trong mi trng axit (long) c dng nhn bit crom v sn
phm to thnh c mu xanh. Vit phng trnh ion ca phn ng xy ra v cho bit phn ng ny c
thuc loi phn ng oxi ha kh hay khng? V sao? Ghi s oxi ha tng ng trn mi nguyn t.
0
Cho: E Cr O2- /Cr3+ = 1,33 V; Hng s kh R = 8,3145 J.K1.mol1; Hng s Faraay F = 96485 C.mol1.
2 7

Hng dn gii:
1. T gin ta c: 3.(-0,744) = -0,408 + 2 E 0y E 0y = -0,912 (V)
0,55 + 1,34 + E 0x 3.0,744 = 6.0,293 E 0x = +2,1 (V)
2. Cr(IV) c th d phn thnh Cr3+ v Cr(VI) khi G0 ca qu trnh < 0.
2Cr(IV) + 2 e 2Cr3+ (1) E10 = E 0x = 2,1 V G10 = -n E10 F = - 2.2,1.F
0,55 + 1,34
Cr(VI) + 2 e Cr(IV) (2) E 02 =
= 0,945 (V) G 02 = -n E 02 F = - 2.0,945.F
2
T (1) v (2) ta c: 3Cr(IV) 2Cr3+ + Cr(VI)
G 30
G 30 = G10 - G 02 = - 2.(2,1 - 0,945).F < 0 Vy Cr(IV) c d phn.

3.

Cr2 O72- + 14H+ + 6e 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

Trang 2/8

E1 = 1,33 +

RT [Cr2 O 72- ].(10-pH )14


ln
6.F
[Cr 3+ ]2

RT [Cr2 O 72- ].(10-(pH + 1) )14


ln
6.F
[Cr 3+ ]2
8,3145 . 298
b. bin thin ca th: E 2 - E1 =
.14ln10-1 = -0,138 (V).
6 . 96485
4.
+6 -2
+1 -1
+1
+6,-2/-1 +1 -2
-2
+
2Cr2 O 7 + 4H2O2 + 2H 2CrO5 + 5H2O
O
-1
Phn ng trn khng phi l phn ng oxi ha-kh v
O
O
s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t khng thay i trong qu
Cr
trnh phn ng. Trong CrO5, s oxi ha ca crom l +6 v
+6
O
O
ca oxi l -2, -1 do peoxit CrO5 c cu trc:
Cu 4. (4,5 im). 1. 1,5 im; 2. 1,5 im; 3. 0,75 im; 4. 0,75 im.
Dung dch A gm Na2S v CH3COONa c pHA = 12,50.
1. Thm mt lng Na3PO4 vo dung dch A sao cho in li ca ion S2- gim 20% (coi th tch
dung dch khng i). Tnh nng ca Na3PO4 trong dung dch A.
2. Chun 20,00 ml dung dch A bng dung dch HCl 0,10 M:
a. Khi ch th metyl da cam i mu (pH = 4,00) th dng ht 19,40 ml dung dch HCl. Tnh nng
CH3COONa trong dung dch A.
b. Nu ch dng ht 17,68 ml HCl th h thu c c pH l bao nhiu?
3. lu dung dch A trong khng kh, mt phn Na2S b oxi ha thnh S. Tnh hng s cn bng ca
phn ng xy ra.
4. Hy tm mt thuc th nhn bit c 3 dung dch ring bit: H3PO4, Na3PO4, NaH2PO4. Gii
thch cc hin tng xy ra.
Cho: pK a1(H2S) = 7,02; pK a2(H2S) = 12,9; pK a1(H3PO4 ) = 2,15; pK a2(H3PO4 ) = 7,21; pK a3(H3PO4 ) = 12,32;
E 2 = 1,33 +

0
0
pK a(CH3COOH) = 4,76; ES/H
= 0,14 V; E O2 /H 2O =1,23 V; 25 oC: 2,303
2S

Hng dn chm:
1. Gi nng ca Na2S v CH3COONa trong dung dch A
Na3PO4, trong dung dch xy ra cc qu trnh:
S2+ H2O HS- + OHHS
+ H2O H2S + OHCH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH + OHH2O H+ + OHSo snh 4 cn bng trn tnh theo (1):
S2+ H2O HS- + OHC C1
[ ] C1- 10-1,5
10-1,5
10-1,5

RT
l n = 0,0592lg.
F

l C1 (M) v C2 (M). Khi cha thm

CS2- = C1 = 0,0442 (M) v in li S2- = 1 =

10-1,1
10-6,98
10-9,24
10-14

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

10-1,1

[HS- ] 101,5
=
= 0, 7153
CS20, 0442

Khi thm Na3PO4 vo dung dch A, ngoi 4 cn bng trn, trong h cn c thm 3 cn bng sau:
10-1,68
(5)
PO 3-4 + H2O HPO 2-4 + OH-

HPO 2-4 + H2O H 2 PO-4 + OHH 2 PO + H2O H 3 PO 4 + OH


4

Khi S, 2- = 2 = 0,7153.0,80 = 0,57224 =

10-6,79
10

-11,85

(6)
(7)

[HS ]
[HS-] = 0,0442. 0,57224 = 0,0253 (M).
CS2-

V mi trng baz nn CS2- = [S2-] + [HS-] + [H2S] [S2-] + [HS-]


Trang 3/8

[S2-] = 0,0442 0,0253 = 0,0189 (M)


101,1.0, 0189
T (1) [OH-] =
= 0,0593 (M).
0, 0253
So snh cc cn bng (1) (7), ta thy (1) v (5) quyt nh pH ca h:
[OH-] = [HS-] + [ HPO 2-4 ][ HPO 2-4 ] = [OH-] - [HS-] = 0,0593 0,0253 = 0,0340 (M)
[HPO 2-4 ][OH - ] 0, 0340.0, 0593
T (5) [ PO ] =
= 0,0965 (M).
=
10-1,68
10-1,68
C PO3- = [ PO3-4 ] + [ HPO 2-4 ] + [ H 2 PO -4 ] + [ H3PO 4 ] [ PO3-4 ] + [ HPO 2-4 ]
34

CPO3- = 0,0965 + 0,0340 = 0,1305 (M).


4

2. Khi chun dung dch A bng HCl, c th xy ra cc qu trnh sau:


S2- + H+ HS1012,9
HS- + H+ H2S
107,02
+
CH3COO + H CH3COOH
104,76
[H S] 104,00
[HS- ] 104,00
Ti pH = 4,00: 2- = 12,90 1 [HS-] [S2-]; 2 - = 7,02 1 [H2S] [HS-];
[S ] 10
[HS ] 10
4,00
[CH 3COOH] 10
[CH 3COOH]
100,76
0,76
10
1
=
=
=
= 0,8519

[CH 3COO- ] 104,76


[CH 3COOH]+[CH 3COO - ] 1 + 100,76
Nh vy khi chun n pH = 4,00 th ion S2- b trung ha hon ton thnh H2S v 85,19%
CH3COO- tham gia phn ng:
0,10. 19,40 = 20,00.(2.0,0442 + 0,8519.C2) CCH COO- = C2 = 0,010 (M).
3

Khi chun ht 17,68 ml HCl, ta thy:


nHCl = 0,1.17,68 = 1,768 (mmol); n S2- = 20. 0,0442 = 0,884 (mmol) = 0,5. nHCl
Vy phn ng xy ra: S2- + 2H+
0,884
1, 768
C0
37, 68
37, 68
C

H2 S

0,884
37, 68

0,884
0, 01.20
= 0,02346 (M) v CH3COO-:
= 5,308.10-3 (M).
37, 68
37, 68
Cc qu trnh:
H2S H+ + HS10-7,02
(8)
+
2-12,9
HS H + S
10
(9)
H2O H+ + OH10-14
(10)
-9,24
CH3COO + H2O CH3COOH + OH 10
(11)
pH ca h c tnh theo (8) v (11):
107,02.[H 2S]
h = [H+] = [HS-] [CH3COOH] =
- 104,76. [CH3COO-].h
h

H thu c gm H2S:

h =

10-7,02 .[H 2S]


1 + 104,76 .[CH 3COO - ]

(12)

Chp nhn [H2S]1 = CH2S = 0,02346 (M) v [CH3COO-]1 = CCH COO- = 5,308.10-3 (M), thay vo
3

(12), tnh c h1 = 2,704.10-6 = 10-5,57 (M).


105,57
Kim tra: [H2S]2 = 0,02346. 5,57
= 0,02266 (M).
10
+ 107,02
104,76
[CH3COO-]2 = 5,308.10-3. 5,57
= 4,596.10-3 (M).
4,76
10
+ 10
Trang 4/8

Thay gi tr [H2S]2 v [CH3COO-]2 vo (12), ta c h2 = 2,855.10-6 = 10-5,54 h1.


Kt qu lp, vy pH = 5,54.
3. Oxi ha S2- bng oxi khng kh:
S2- S + 2e

2x

O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH2 S2- + O2 + 2H2O 2 S + 4OH0


0
0
Trong E10 = ES/S
c tnh nh sau:
2- v E 2 = E
O /OH -

K1-1 = 102E1 / 0,0592


0

K 2 = 104E2 / 0,0592
0

K = 104(E2 E1 ) / 0,0592
0

S + 2H + 2e H2S
H2S 2H+ + S2+

K 3 = 102E3 / 0,0592
Ka1.Ka2 = 10-19,92
0

S + 2e S2K1 = 102E1 / 0,0592


19,92.0, 0592
19,92.0, 0592
0
E10 = E 30 = -0,45 V
= E S/
H 2S
2
2
0
O2 + 4H+ + 4e 2H2O
K 4 = 104E 4 / 0,0592
H2O H+ + OHKw = 10-14
0

O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH-

K 2 = 104E 2 / 0,0592
0

E 02 = E 04 - 14.0,0592 = E 0O2 /H2O - 14.0,0592 = 0,4012 V


Vy K = 104(E2 E1 ) / 0,0592 = 104(0,4012+0,45) / 0,0592 = 1057,51.
0

4. V pK a1(H3PO4 ) = 2,15; pK a2(H3PO4 ) = 7,21; pK a3(H3PO4 ) = 12,32 khong pH ca cc dung dch nh


sau: pH (H3PO4 ) < 3 trong dung dch H3PO4 ch th metyl c mu .
pH (Na 3PO4 ) > pH (Na 2 HPO4 )

pK a3 + pK a2
= 9,765 dung dch Na3PO4 lm ch th metyl chuyn
2

mu vng.

pK a1 + pK a2
= 4,68 5,00 ch th metyl c mu hng da cam trong dung dch
2
NaH2PO4. Vy c th dung metyl phn bit 3 dung dch trn.
pH (NaH 2 PO4 )

Cu 5. (3,5 im). 1. 0,5 im; 2. 1,5 im; 3. 1,5 im.


1. Nhng i lng no trong s cc i lng nhit ng hc S, H, G v hng s cn bng K:
a. Ph thuc rt nhiu vo nhit ?
b. C lin quan mt thit vi bn ca lin kt?
c. C lin quan n lng ca cht phn ng v lng sn phm phn ng?
d. L o kh nng t din bin ca mt phn ng?
e. L o nhit km theo phn ng?
2. Cho cn bng: Me3DBMe3 (k) Me3D (k) + BMe3 (k), trong B l nguyn t bo, Me l nhm
CH3. 100 oC, thc nghim thu c kt qu nh sau:
Vi hp cht Me3NBMe3 (D l nit): Kp1 = 4,720.104 Pa; S10 = 191,3 JK1mol1.
Me3PBMe3 (D l photpho): Kp2 = 1,280.104 Pa; S02 = 167,6 JK1mol1.
a. Cho bit hp cht no kh phn li hn? V sao?
b. Trong hai lin kt NB v PB, lin kt no bn hn? V sao?
3. Hy cho bit phn ng 2Ni (l) + O2 (k) 2NiO (r) 1627 oC c th t din bin theo chiu thun
c khng nu p sut ring phn ca oxi nh hn 150 Pa?
Cho: G 0hnh thnh (NiO) 1627 oC l -72,1 kJ. mol1; p sut chun P0 = 1,000.105 Pa; 0 oC trong thang
Celsius l 273,15 K.
Hng dn chm:
Trang 5/8

1. a. K, G ph thuc rt nhiu vo nhit .


b. H c lin quan mt thit vi bn ca lin kt.
c. K c lin quan n lng ca cht phn ng v lng sn phm phn ng?
d. G l o kh nng t din bin ca mt phn ng.
e. H l o nhit km theo mt phn ng.
2.
Me3DBMe3 (k) Me3D (k) + BMe3 (k)
(1).
a. Tnh G0 ca phn ng phn li hai hp cht. Ta c: G 0 = -RTlnK, trong K =

Kp
P0n (k)

T cn bng (1) n (k) = 1


i vi hp cht Me3NBMe3: K1 =

K p1
P0

K p1
1,000.105

4, 720.104
= 0,472
1,000.105

G10 = - 8,3145.373,15.ln0,472 = 2329,33 (J/mol).


Tng t i vi hp cht Me3PBMe3: K2 =

K p2
P0

K p2
1,000.105

1, 280.104
= 0,128
1,000.105

G 02 = - 8,3145.373,15.ln0,128 = 6376,29 (J/mol).

G10 < G 02 hp cht Me3PBMe3 kh phn li hn.


b. Tnh bin thin entanpi tiu chun ca phn ng phn li mi hp cht:
H 0 = G 0 + T S0 H10 = 2329,33 + 373,15.191,3 = 73712,93 (J/mol)
H 02 = 6376,29 + 373,15.167,6 = 68916,23 (J/mol)
3.

H10 > H 02 lin kt N-B bn hn.


T phn ng: 2Ni (l) + O2 (k) 2NiO (r)
(2)
0
ta c: G phn ng = -72,1.2 = -144,2 kJ/mol = -144200 J/mol
G 0
-144200
lnK = == 9,127 K = 9200,38.
RT
8,3145.1900,15
K
K
i vi phn ng (2): n (k) = -1 K = np(k) = -1p Kp = K.P0-1 = 9200,38.(1,000.105)-1
P0
P0
Mt khc: K p =

1,000.105
1
vi pO2 l p sut cn bng ca oxi p O2 =
= 10,87 (Pa)
9200,38
p O2

Vy phn ng c xy ra nu 10,87Pa < p O2 < 150Pa.


Cu 6. (3,5 im). 1. 2,0 im; 2. 0,5 im; 3. 1 im.

Mt phn ng trong dung dch c biu din: A + B


C + D (a), X ol xc tc ng th.
nghin cu ng hc ca phn ng (a), ngi ta tin hnh hai th nghim 25 C vi nng ban
u (C0 ) ca cc cht phn ng nh sau:
Th nghim 1: C0A = 0,012 M; C0B = 6,00 M.
Th nghim 2: C0A = 3,00 M; C0B = 0,01 M.
Bin thin nng cc cht A v B theo thi gian trong hai th nghim trn c biu din
hnh 1 v hnh 2; nng cht xc tc CX = 1,00 M v khng i trong sut thi gian phn ng.
X

102. CA (mol/L)

102. CB (mol/L)

1,2
1,0
0,6
0,5

0,3
0,15
0

10

20

30

40

t (pht)

0,25
0,125
0

20

40

60

t (pht)

Trang 6/8

Hnh 1
Hnh 2
1. 25 oC hng s cn bng ca phn ng (a) l KC = 4.106. Tnh thi gian cn thit h t n
trng thi cn bng, nu C0A = C0B = 1,00 M v Cx = 1,00 M khng thay i; lc u trong h cha c
mt cc sn phm ca phn ng.
2. 80 oC hng s cn bng ca phn ng (a) l KC = 1.105. Tnh H v S ca phn ng (a) v cho
bit thi gian cn thit t n cn bng s tng hay gim (coi s ph thuc ca H v S vo nhit
l khng ng k)?
3. Ngi ta cho rng c ch phn ng (a) din ra qua 3 giai on s cp sau:
k5
k3
k1
AXB
C + D + X (d)

AX (b)

AXB (c)
A + X
AX + B

k2

k4

Giai on no l giai on chm c ch trn ph hp vi nh lut tc thu c t thc


nghim? Hy chng minh.
Hng dn chm:
1. V hng s cn bng ca phn ng (a) rt ln nn trong tnh ton (tr trng hp tnh nng cn
bng), coi (a) l phn ng 1 chiu.
nh lut tc ca phn ng c dng chung:
v = k. CaA . C bB . C Xx
(1)
Trong th nghim 1, do C0B = 6,00 M (rt d) k. (C0B ) b . C Xx = const = k'

(2)

v = k'. C .
T hnh 1 rt ra thi gian phn ng mt na (t1/2) khng ph thuc vo nng u ca A v t1/2 =
ln2 0, 693
10 (pht) a = 1v k' =
= 6,93.10-2 (pht-1)
=
t1/2
10
a
A

Tng t trong th nghim 2, do C0A = 3,00 M (rt d) k. (C0A )a . C Xx = const = k'' v = k''. C bB .
T hnh 2 thi gian phn ng mt na khng ph thuc vo nng u ca B b = 1.
Biu thc ca nh lut tc (1) tr thnh:
v = k.CA.CB. C Xx = kap.CA.CB.
vi kap l hng s tc biu kin ca phn ng v kap=k. C Xx
Nh vy phn ng s din ra theo quy lut ng hc bc 2.
k' 6,93.102
T (2) ta c: kap = k. C Xx = 0 =
= 0,01155 L/(mol.pht)
CB
6, 00
X

Xt phn ng:
A + B
Kc = 4.106
C + D

C0

2.

1
1
0
0
C
x
x
1-x 1-x
2
(1-x)
KC =
= 4.106 x 5.10-4 (M)
x2
V phn ng l bc 2 v C0A = C 0B = 1,00 M nn phng trnh ng hc tch phn c dng:
1 1
1
1
- 0 = kap.t
= 0,01155.t t = 1,73.105 pht.
4
C C
5.10
1
Vy nhit 25 oC cn ti 1,73.105 pht phn ng t c cn bng.
G 0298,15 = - 8,3145 . 298,15 . ln(4.10 6 ) = - 37684,8 (J/mol)
0
G 353,15
= - 8,3145 . 353,15 . ln(1.105 ) = - 33805 (J/mol)

G 0298,15 = -37684,8 = H0 298,15.S0

(3)

0
G 353,15
=
0

(4)

-33805 = H 353,15.S
0

T (3) v (4), tnh c: S = -70,54 (J/mol); H = - 58716,3 (J/mol).


0

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Khi tng nhit t 25 oC ln 80 oC, tc phn ng thun v nghch u tng ln, thi gian cn
thit h t n cn bng s gim i.
3.
k5
k3
k1
AXB
C + D + X (d)

AXB (c)

AX (b)
AX + B
A + X

k4

k2

Tc phn ng c th c xc nh qua bin thin nng ca sn phm cui cng C:


dC
v = C = k5CAXB
(5)
dt
trng thi dng, trong mt khong thi gian nht nh, nng ca cc sn phm trung gian
khng thay i theo thi gian:
dC AXB
= k3.CAX.CB k4.CAXB k5CAXB = 0
(6)
dt
k .C .C
CAXB = 3 AX B
(7)
k 4 +k 5
dC AX
= k1.CACX k2.CAX k3.CAX.CB + k4.CAXB = 0
(8)
dt
T (6) v (8) ta c: k1.CACX k2.CAX k5CAXB = 0
(9)
k1.C A .C X - k 5 .C AXB
(10)
k2
k .C .C
Khi k5 << k1, (10) tr thnh: C AX = 1 A X
(11)
k2
Hon ton c th chng minh tng t: k5 << k2, k3, k4.
k .k .C .C .C
Thay (11) vo (7), thu c: CAXB = 3 1 A X B
(12)
k 2 (k 4 +k 5 )
k .k .C .C .C
Thay (12) vo (5) ta c: v = k5 3 1 A X B
(13)
k 2 (k 4 +k 5 )
k1.k 3 .k 5
t kap=
.CX th: v = kap.CA.CB
(14)
k 2 (k 4 +k 5 )
Biu thc (14) tng ng vi biu thc ca nh lut tc thc nghim (5), vi iu kin
k5 << k1, k2, k3, k4. Nh vy, theo quan im ng ha hc, c ch c ngh l c kh nng, trong
giai on (d) l chm.

C AX =

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