Android

Trang mng: Cng ty/ Nh pht trin: Kiu m ngun:

Android 2.3 Gingerbread android.com Lin minh thit b cm tay m rng

Phn mm m ngun m t do 3.2 (HoneyComb) v 2.3.4 Phin bn gn y: (Gingerbread) / 9 thng 2 2011; 6 thng trc Nn tng h tr: ARM, MIPS, Kin trc Power, x86 Kiu nhn : Dng khi (sa i nhn Linux) Giao din ngi ha dng: Giy php: Apache 2.0 and GPL phin bn 2[1] Tnh trng: ang lu hnh

Android l h iu hnh trn in thoi di ng (v hin nay l c trn mt s u pht HD, HD Player) pht trin bi Google v da trn nn tng Linux. Trc y, Android c pht trin bi cng ty lin hp Android ( sau c Google mua li vo nm 2005). Theo NPD, thit b di ng s dng h iu hnh android bn c ti M trong qu II nm 2010 xp v tr u tin vi 33%, th 2 l BB os vi 28% v iOS v tr th 3 vi 22%. Android c mt cng ng nhng nh pht trin rt ln vit cc ng dng cho h iu hnh ca mnh.Hin ti c khong 70,000 ng dng cho Android os v vo khong 100,000 ng dng c trnh, iu ny khin Android tr thnh h iu hnh di ng c mi trng pht trin ln th 2. Cc nh pht trin vit ng dng cho Android da trn ngn ng Java. S ra mt ca Android vo ngy 5 thng 11 nm 2007 gn vi s thnh lp ca lin minh thit b cm tay m ngun m, bao gm 78 cng ty phn cng, phn mm v vin thng nhm mc nh to nn mt chun m cho in thoi di ng trong tng lai. Google cng b hu ht cc m ngun ca Android theo bn cp php Apache. H iu hnh Android bao gm 12 triu dng m; 3 triu dng XML, 2.8 triu dng m C, 2.1 triu m Java v 1.75 triu dng m C++

Mc lc
[n]

1 Lch s o 1.1 Lin minh thit b cm tay m rng o 1.2 Giy php o 1.3 Lch s cp nht 2 Tnh nng o 2.1 Vn i vi nhng ng dng c bit 3 Xem thm 4 Tham kho 5 Bibliography 6 Lin kt ngoi

[sa] Lch s
Thng 7 nm 2005, Google mua li Android, Inc., mt cng ty nh mi thnh lp c tr s Palo Alto, California, M.[2] Nhng nh ng sng lp ca Android chuyn sang lm vic ti Google gm c Andy Rubin (ng sng lp cng ty Danger[3]), Rich Miner (ng sng lp cng ty Wildfire Communications[4]), Nick Sears (tng l ph ch tch ca TMobile[5]), v Chris White (trng nhm thit k v pht trin giao din ti WebTV[6]). Khi , c rt t thng tin v cc cng vic ca Android, ngoi tr vic h ang pht trin phn mm cho in thoi di ng.[2] iu ny to nhng tin n v vic Google c nh bc vo th trng in thoi di ng.[cn dn ngun]

Ti Google, nhm do Rubin ng u pht trin mt nn tng thit b di ng da trn ht nhn Linux, c h tip th n cc nh sn xut thit b cm tay v cc nh mng trn nhng tin v vic cung cp mt h thng mm do, c kh nng nng cp m rng cao.[cn dn ngun] Mt s ngun tin cho bit trc Google ln danh sch cc thnh phn phn cng v cc i tc phn mm, ng thi ra hiu vi cc nh mng rng h sn sng hp tc nhiu cp khc nhau.[7][8][9] Ngy cng nhiu suy on rng Google s tham gia th trng in thoi di ng xut hin trong thng 12 nm 2006.[10] Tin tc ca BBC v Nht bo ph Wall ch thch rng Google mun a cng ngh tm kim v cc ng dng ca h vo in thoi di ng v h ang n lc lm vic thc hin iu ny. Cc phng tin truyn thng in v online cng sm c bi vit v nhng tin n cho rng Google ang pht trin mt thit b cm tay mang thng hiu Google.[11] V li cng c nhiu suy on sau bi vit v vic Google ang nh ngha cc c t cng ngh v trnh din cc mu th vi cc nh sn xut in thoi di ng v nh mng. Thng 9 nm 2007, InformationWeek ng ti mt nghin cu ca Evalueserve cho bit Google np mt s n xin cp bng sng ch trong lnh vc in thoi di ng.[12][13]

Share

Lch S cc phin bn Android

Khi thy, Android l h iu hnh cho cc thit b cm tay da trn li Linux do cng ty Android Inc. (California, M) thit k. Cng ty ny sau c Google mua li vo nm 2005 v sau tip, vo nm 2007, thuc v Lin doanh Thit b Cm tay M Ngun m (Open Handset Alliance) gm cc i gia trong ngnh vin thng v thit b cm tay nh Texas Instruments, Broadcom Corporation, Google, HTC, Intel, LG, Marvell Technology Group, Motorola, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics, Sprint Nextel, T-Mobile, ARM Holdings, Atheros Communications, Asustek Computer Inc, Garmin Ltd, Softbank, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp, and Vodafone Group Plc...(tnh n nay) C th coi mc 05-11-2007 l ngy Android c cng b ra ton th gii cng vi s ra i ca lin danh OHA ni tn trn, v 18-8-2008, cc lp trnh vin Android c php tip cn v s dng m ngun m lp trnh ng dng cho h iu hnh ny 22-10-2008 l mc quan trng khng km trong lch s Android khi chic in thoi chnh thc u tin trn th gii l HTC Dream c nh mng T-Mobile a ln k vi ci tn T-Mobile G1

1.0: Phin bn u tin, c mt trn HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1). Phin bn ny sau nhanh chng b Jesus Freke, mt tay c o Ngi My pht hin ra l hng chim quyn qun tr my. Dn gian tn th bn gc ny

vi ci tn bn RC29

Giao din Android 1.0

HTC Dream, in thoi dng Android u tin trn th gii 1.1: Google ra phin bn ny v li bo mt, nhm hn ch s can thip vo cu trc ROM ca my. Bn ny cn gi l bn RC30 tr ln. T y mi c ch xut hin mt cng on thm mt chng 5 pht trong s nghip uprom, l "a xung RC29" 1.5: Chng ngc nhin l khi ra HTC Magic (T-Mobile myTouch 3G), Android c nng cp ln bn 1.5. Dn gian gi l bn Su Kem (Cupcake). Android ang trn pht trin v cho thy trin vng ln lao. Nhng Su Kem khng dnh cho G1. Th l dn Dev ta h hc cook Su Kem v li G1 cho b ght

HTC Magic (phin bn Vondafone)

HTC Magic phin bn T-Mobile (myTouch 3G)

Ngi My n Su Kem (Cupcake 1.5) 1.6: Khng lu sau khi Magic xut xng, HTC nng lng ra HTC Hero ci bn Android 1.6. Bn Bnh Rn (Donut) ny li khng h tng thch vi Dream hay Magic. Nh , mt s Dev li ni danh nh vic port li Bnh Rn v li G1, nh CyanogenMod. Vic sm x ra HTC Hero c th coi l mt bc hi vi vng trong khi Magic c k vng nh bi iPhone 3G cha ng vng th li b thng anh Hero chui ra onh cho ng n. Kt qu, Magic v Hero u lng bi cu thng, iPhone ng ng c li. T , HTC im ng khng cho xut xng thm Ngi My no na (do phi quay v vi ngi tnh trm nm l Windows Mobile). Thay vo l mt s nh SX phn cng khc nh Samsung, Huawei, SonyEricsson, Acer, Dell, Motorola... bt u vo cuc chi Ngi My. Th nhng, Bnh Rn li khng dnh cho Dream hay Magic ri. Kh h chi, dn ta li i port. Thnh qu l cc bn 1.6 ca CyanogenMod, SuperD, Dwang...m ta ang xi hin

nay trn Dream hay Magic u tt

HTC Hero

Phin bn 1.6 c tn l Bn Rn (Donut) 2.0: Ln u tin Google khng cn cng tc vi HTC na m giao cho Moto trng trch qung b Bnh Su Cy (Eclair). Con u tin xi Bnh Su Cy li chy trn mng CDMA ln nht M, Verizon, c tn l Droid m ai cng bit vi bit danh St th iPhone u chy m. Khng lu sau , Milestone ra i c th chy c trn mng GSM. Droid c ra mi 23 hm, c ngi ra bn ported ca Su Cy dnh cho G1 ri. T lanh chanh i ci th v zinh z xit bao khi c a bi vit ra ngoi trang tin tinhte.vn (oai cha) Tic l G1 yu t, bt lc nn ch ci Su Cy ngm cho p thi ch khng s dng c

Phin bn 2.0 c tn l Bnh Su Cy (Eclair)

Motorola Droid / MileStone in thoi

Nhng du mc quan trong trong lch s h iu hanh Android

Phuonghanu - Theo MaskOnlineCh nht, 13/3/2011, 0:0

in thoi chy Android vi camera 14 megapixel, iOS 4.3 va ra b jailbreak Ai l ngi c li nht trong thng v 1 t USD gia Microsoft v Nokia ? Bng chng cho thy iPhone 5 s dung chip A5, Nokia nng cp Symbian^3 va S60 Cnh gic trc "ma trn" pin in thoi rm Co trong tay 5-10 triu, mua in thoai Android nao? (Phn 1) Mt s phu kin chinh hang hu ich danh cho in thoai Nokia

La mt h iu hanh con kha non tre nhng Android a ln lt ha guc nhng i thu tm c lot vao top 3 h iu hanh ph bin nht trn th gii. Google mua li Android

Hy cng quay tr li vo thng 7 nm 2005, thi im m hng Google dng nh khng bit phi lm g vi s tin u t ca minh khi hang tp trung vao chin lc mua li cc cng ty nh. V nhiu ngi a ngc nhin khi bit Google mua li Android, mt cng ty mi thnh lp c tr s ti Palo Alto, California, M.

Ngi sng lp ra cng ty lc l Andy Rubin, hin ti l gim c ph trch mng di ng ca Google. Android trong qu kh rt t c bit n trong gii cng ngh, tt c nhng g moi ngi bit c tai thi im l cng ty pht trin phn mm cho di ng. Thnh lp Lin minh thit b cm tay m ngun m Trc s xut hin ca iPhone, tin n v vic Google bt u sn xut thit b di ng ca ring mnh lan nhanh. Do , vo mc thi gian thng 11 nm 2007 thc s quan trng trong lch s h iu hnh Android. Trong khong thi gian ny, nhng ngi California cng b 1 tin bt ng vi th gii: h khng ch ang tp trung sn xut nhng chic di ng v cn ang bt tay vo vic pht trin h iu hnh m ngun m cho thit b di ng nhm cnh tranh vi Symbian, Windows Mobile v nhng tn tui khc.

V Android chnh thc gia nhp Lin minh thit b cm tay m ngun m (OHA) gm cc i gia trong ngnh vin thng v thit b cm tay nh HTC, LG, Samsung, T-Mobile... Rt nhiu ngi t cu hi v li ch m Google Android thc s mang lai, iu g lm nn s c bit h iu hnh ny so vi nhng i th khc? Android tr thnh m ngun m

T thng 10 nm 2008, h iu hnh Android chnh thc tr thnh phn mm m ngun m. Theo o, cc cng ty th ba c php thm nhng ng dng cua ring ca h vo Android v bn chng m khng cn phi hoi y kin Google. Vi muc ich la h iu hnh Linux dnh cho di ng(LiMO), Google Android mong mun mang li iu tng t phm vi rng ln v thng nht hn, va qua o thu ht mt lng khch hng khng nh trong tng lai. Kt qu Lin minh OHA ra mt gi pht trin phn mm Android SDK cho nh lp trnh vo ngy 12 thng 11 nm 2008, ch 1 tun sau ngy cng b.

Thng 2/2009, 1 s cng ty trong c Qualcomm v Texas Instruments co trong tay nhng con chip chy cc phin bn n gin ca h iu hnh Android, cho php c th gii chim ngng sc mnh ca "Chu robot xanh". Khi , Android gim bt thi gian pht trin 1 cch ng k. Cac i thu bt u lo s Nhm tr thnh i th chnh ca Android, nn tng LiMO xut hin vi s k kt ca nh mng Verizon (M), cng nh Mozilla vi phn mm ni ting Firefox. o la s hp tac gia mt bn l 1 trong nhng nh mng ln nht ti M, mt bn l "nh v ch" ca trnh duyt m ngun m.

Ti MWC 2008 v Google I/O, hng Google tung ra nhng tm hnh b mt ca chic in thoi Android u tin v t ngi tiu dng cm thy th v v s n gin ca h iu hnh ch robot xanh. Nokia cho rng mi e da t h iu hnh ca Google l kh chng . Hng ny quyt nh tr tin cho Sony Ericsson, Samsung v nhng cng ty khc c th s hu hon ton h iu hnh Symbian v nhanh chng thnh lp T chc Symbian Foundation, c thit k nhm kch thch s lng ln khch hng ang s dng h iu hnh ny. Phan ng t cng ng phat trin Android Dn dn, nhng tin n bt u ni ln v nhiu ngun tin cho rng ngy ra mt ca chic in thoi Android mun nht la vao cui nm 2009. Chia s trc nhng thng tin ny, CFO

ca HTC l Hui-ming Cheng nhanh chng a ra li trn an d lun rng chic di ng trang b sc mnh ca Android s sm ra mt trong qu 4 ca nm 2008.

i vi cng ng cc nh pht trin th h bt u gin d khi cho rng Google ang b mc h ng sau v dnh s u i cho nhng nh pht trin a thch hn. H buc phi sng vi nhng phin bn pht trin phn mm SDK c. V Nicolas Gramlich - mt lp trnh vin - gi 1 bc th ti cng ty me cua Android tai California. Gramlich vit: khng b mt i mt lng ln nhng nh pht trin, ti cho rng ti lc chng ta phi cho ra mt mt iu g mi m hn cho s pht trin ca SDK. C th iu ny s gip chng ta bit c ti sao mnh vn phi ang lun qun trong ci vng trn khng li ra ny. Cng ng pht trin cng nht tr vi kin ny, 1 ngi a ra bnh lun rng: Ti e rng trc thi im Android SDK tip theo ra mt, rt nhiu nh pht trin gii thiu phn mm mi trn iOS ca iPhone -mt h iu hnh vi hn 20 triu ngi dng so vi con s 0 trn trnh ca Android bn kia chin tuyn. S cnh tranh gia Android v LiMO Vo thng 8/2008, LiMO cho ra mt thm 7 thit b (ti th trng chu ) nhm lm cho danh sch tip tc tng ln trc khi sn phm Android u tin c xut xng v cnh tranh vi mnh.

Cac mt thit b mi ny tp trung vo GPS, RFID, camera cht lng cao v nhng b iu khin TV. Tuy nhin, nhng ngi dng bn ngoi chu c v khng mn m lm vi nhng sn phm ny. Vo cui khong thi gian trn, nhng on video v giao din ca Android bt u xut hin cng vi nhng m phng ban u cho thy n d dng khi s dng nh th no. Thanh menu di mi mn hnh cng nh kh nng di chuyn qua li gia nhng desktop nhn c kh nhiu s khen ngi t cng ng v c coi nh 1 thnh cng u tin cua Chu Robot xanh. Cac thit bi s dung Android ra i

Thng 9/2008, chic in thoi s dung Android u tin chnh thc c ra mt. o la TMobile G. Tip theo, n lt Google Nexus One - san phm cy nha la vn cua Google (san xut bi HTC) ra mt vao nm 2010, anh du bc phat trin manh me cua h iu hanh Android. Sau o, hang loat thit bi s dung h iu hanh Robot xanh b ln thi trng. Cc phin bn hin ti T lc ra mt phin bn u tin cho ti nay, Android c rt nhiu bn nng cp. a s u tp trung vo vic v li v thm nhng tnh nng mi. Mi bn nng cp u c t vi nhng m tn ring da theo cc mn n trng ming. Hin ti cc phin bn chinh cua Android bao gm:

2.0/2.1 (Eclair): Tn trang li giao din ngi dng, gii thiu HTML5, h tr Exchange ActiveSync 2.5. 2.2 (Froyo): Nng cp tc x l, gii thiu engine Chrome V8 JavaScript, h tr Adobe Flash, thm tnh nng to im truy cp Wi-Fi. 2.3 (Gingerbread): Sa li giao din ngi dng, ci thin bn phm o, thm tnh nng copy/paste, h tr cng ngh giao tip tm sng ngn NFC. 3.0 (Honeycomb): H iu hnh dnh ring cho my tnh bng tablet, giao din mi, h tr b x l a nhn v x ly ha.

Ice-cream sandwich: H iu hnh sp ra mt, l s kt hp gia Gingerbread v Honeycomb.