Ph lc s 5

Phng php lp nh mc xy dng cng trnh

(Km theo Thng t s 04/2010/TT-BXD ngy 26/5/2010 ca B Xy dng) 1. Phng php lp nh mc xy dng mi ca cng trnh nh mc xy dng mi ca cng trnh c xy dng theo trnh t sau: Bc 1. Lp danh mc cng tc xy dng hoc kt cu mi ca cng trnh cha c trong danh mc nh mc xy dng c cng b Mi danh mc cng tc xy dng hoc kt cu mi phi th hin r n v tnh khi lng v yu cu v k thut, iu kin, bin php thi cng ch yu ca cng tc hoc kt cu. Bc 2. Xc nh thnh phn cng vic Thnh phn cng vic phi nu r cc bc cng vic thc hin ca tng cng on theo thit k t chc dy chuyn cng ngh thi cng t khi bt u n khi hon thnh, ph hp vi iu kin, bin php thi cng v phm vi thc hin cng vic ca cng tc hoc kt cu. Bc 3. Tnh ton xc nh hao ph vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng * Cc phng php tnh ton: Tnh ton nh mc hao ph ca cc cng tc xy dng mi thc hin theo mt trong cc phng php sau: + Phng php 1. Tnh ton theo cc thng s k thut trong dy chuyn cng ngh

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- Hao ph vt liu: xc nh theo thit k v iu kin, bin php thi cng cng trnh hoc nh mc s dng vt t c cng b. - Hao ph nhn cng: xc nh theo t chc lao ng trong dy chuyn cng ngh ph hp vi iu kin, bin php thi cng ca cng trnh hoc tnh ton theo nh mc lao ng c cng b. - Hao ph my thi cng: xc nh theo thng s k thut ca tng my trong dy chuyn hoc nh mc nng sut my xy dng c cng b v c tnh n hiu sut do s phi hp ca cc my thi cng trong dy chuyn. + Phng php 2. Tnh ton theo s liu thng k - phn tch Phn tch, tnh ton xc nh cc mc hao ph vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng t cc s liu tng hp, thng k nh sau: - T s lng hao ph v vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng thc hin mt khi lng cng tc theo mt chu k hoc theo nhiu chu k ca cng trnh v ang thc hin. - T hao ph vt t, s dng lao ng, nng sut my thi cng c tnh ton t cc cng trnh tng t. - T s liu cng b theo kinh nghim ca cc chuyn gia hoc t chc chuyn mn nghip v. + Phng php 3. Tnh ton theo kho st thc t Tnh ton xc nh cc mc hao ph t ti liu thit k, s liu kho st thc t ca cng trnh (theo thi gian, a im, khi lng thc hin trong mt hoc nhiu chu k...) v tham kho nh mc s dng vt t, lao ng, nng sut my c cng b. - Hao ph vt liu: tnh ton theo s liu kho st thc t v i chiu vi thit k, quy phm, quy chun k thut.

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- Hao ph nhn cng: tnh theo s lng nhn cng tng khu trong dy chuyn sn xut v tng s lng nhn cng trong c dy chuyn, tham kho cc quy nh v s dng lao ng. - Hao ph my thi cng: tnh ton theo s liu kho st v nng sut ca tng loi my v hiu sut phi hp gia cc my thi cng trong cng mt dy chuyn, tham kho cc quy nh v nng sut k thut ca my. * Ni dung tnh ton cc thnh phn hao ph + Tnh ton nh mc hao ph v vt liu nh mc hao ph vt liu cn thit hon thnh mt n v khi lng cng tc hoc kt cu xy dng k c hao ht vt liu c php trong qu trnh thi cng, gm: - Vt liu ch yu (chnh): nh ct, , xi mng, gch ngi, st thp,.... trong cng tc b tng, xy, ct thp, sn xut kt cu,... l nhng loi vt liu c gi tr cao v chim t trng ln trong mt n v khi lng hoc kt cu th qui nh mc bng hin vt v tnh theo n v o lng thng thng. - Vt liu khc (ph): nh x phng, du nhn, gi lau,... l nhng loi vt liu c gi tr nh, kh nh lng chim t trng t trong mt n v khi lng hoc kt cu th qui nh mc bng t l phn trm so vi chi ph ca cc loi vt liu chnh. nh mc hao ph vt liu c xc nh trn c s nh mc vt liu c cng b hoc tnh ton theo mt trong ba phng php nu trn. Tnh ton hao ph vt liu ch yu Cng thc tng qut xc nh nh mc hao ph vt liu (VL) trong nh mc xy dng l: VL = QV x Khh + QV LC x KLC x Kt Trong :
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(5.1)

- QV: S lng vt liu s dng cho tng thnh phn cng vic trong nh mc (tr vt liu lun chuyn), c tnh ton theo mt trong ba phng php trn; i vi vt liu cu thnh nn sn phm theo thit k th s lng vt liu c xc nh t tiu chun thit k,... v d b tng tnh theo mc va th trong dm, ct, xi mng, nc tnh t tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam (TCXDVN), hoc tiu chun ca cng trnh,... i vi vt liu phc v thi cng theo thit k bin php t chc thi cng c xc nh theo k thut thi cng v s ln lun chuyn theo nh mc vt t c cng b hoc tnh ton i vi trng hp cha c trong nh mc vt t. - QVLC: S lng vt liu lun chuyn (vn khun, gin gio, cu cng tc...) s dng cho tng thnh phn cng vic trong nh mc c tnh ton theo mt trong ba phng php trn; - Khh: nh mc t l hao ht vt liu c php trong thi cng: Khh = 1 + Ht/c (5.2) Ht/c: nh mc hao ht vt liu trong thi cng theo cc quy nh trong nh mc vt t c cng b, theo kho st, theo thc t ca cc cng trnh tng t, hoc theo kinh nghim ca cc chuyn gia hoc t chc chuyn mn nghip v i vi nhng vt t cha c trong nh mc. nh mc hao ht c qui nh cho loi vt liu ri, vt liu bn thnh phm (va xy, va b tng) v cu kin (cc, dm c sn). - KLC: H s lun chuyn ca loi vt liu cn phi lun chuyn quy nh trong nh mc s dng vt t. i vi vt liu khng lun chuyn th KLC=1. i vi vt liu lun chuyn th KLC < 1. H s lun chuyn ca vt liu lun chuyn c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
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KLC =

h x (n -1) + 2 2n

(5.3)

Trong : - h: T l c b hao ht t ln th 2 tr i; - n: S ln s dng vt liu lun chuyn (n > 1); - Kt: H s s dng thi gian do tin thi cng cng trnh l h s phn nh vic huy ng khng thng xuyn hoc ti a lng vt liu hon thnh cng tc xy dng theo ng tin . H s ny ch nh hng n vt liu lun chuyn, v d nh huy ng gin gio, cp pha, cy chng,... Khi bin php thi cng s dng mt ln hoc nhiu ln th b sung thm h s ny cho ph hp vi iu kin xy dng cng trnh. H s ny c tnh theo tin , bin php thi cng hoc theo kinh nghim ca t chc, chuyn mn nghip v. Tnh ton hao ph vt liu khc i vi cc loi vt liu khc (ph) c nh mc bng t l phn trm so vi tng chi ph cc loi vt liu chnh nh lng trong nh mc xy dng v c xc nh theo loi cng vic, theo s liu kinh nghim ca chuyn gia hoc nh mc trong cng trnh tng t. + Tnh ton nh mc hao ph v lao ng nh mc hao ph lao ng trong nh mc xy dng c xc nh trn nh mc lao ng c s (thi cng) c cng b hoc tnh ton theo mt trong ba phng php trn. - n v tnh ca nh mc lao ng c s l gi cng. - n v tnh ca nh mc lao ng trong nh mc xy dng l ngy cng. Mc hao ph lao ng c xc nh theo cng thc tng qut:
NC = (tgm x Kc) x 1/8 (5.4)

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Trong : - tgm : nh mc lao ng c s: l mc hao ph lao ng trc tip xy dng cho mt n v tnh khi lng cng tc hoc kt cu xy dng c th; - Kc : H s chuyn i nh mc xy dng. H s ny c tnh t nh mc lao ng c s (thi cng) chuyn sang nh mc xy dng hoc ly theo kinh nghim ca cc nh chuyn mn. Tr s ny ph thuc vo nhm cng tc, loi t hp n l hay hn hp m a ra cc h s khc nhau tu theo loi cng tc, yu cu k thut v iu kin thi cng c th v thng trong khong t 1,05 1,3. - 1/8: H s chuyn i t nh mc gi cng sang nh mc ngy cng. + Tnh ton nh mc hao ph v my xy dng nh mc hao ph v my thi cng trong nh mc xy dng c xc nh trn c s nh mc nng sut my thi cng c cng b hoc tnh ton theo mt trong ba phng php trn. n v tnh ca nh mc nng sut my thi cng l gi my, ca my,... Tnh ton hao ph my thi cng ch yu Cng thc tng qut xc nh nh mc hao ph v ca my, thit b xy dng:
M= 1 Q CM

x Kc x Kcs

(5.5)

Trong : - QCM: nh mc nng sut thi cng mt ca my xc nh theo mt trong ba phng php trn. - Kc: H s chuyn i nh mc xy dng.
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H s ny c tnh t nh mc nng sut my thi cng chuyn sang nh mc xy dng hoc ly theo kinh nghim ca chuyn gia hoc t chc chuyn mn nghip v. Tr s ny ph thuc vo nhm cng tc, loi t hp n l hay hn hp m phn ra cc h s khc nhau tu theo loi cng tc, yu cu k thut v iu kin thi cng c th v thng trong khong t 1,05 1,3. - Kcs: H s s dng nng sut l h s phn nh vic s dng hiu qu nng sut ca t hp my trong dy chuyn lin hp, h s ny c tnh ton theo nng sut my thi cng ca cc bc cng vic v c s iu chnh ph hp khi trong dy chuyn dng loi my c nng sut nh nht. Tnh ton hao ph my v thit b xy dng khc i vi cc loi my v thit b xy dng ph c nh mc bng t l phn trm so vi tng chi ph cc loi my chnh nh lng trong nh mc xy dng v c xc nh theo loi cng vic theo kinh nghim ca chuyn gi hoc nh mc trong cng trnh tng t. + Phng php 4. Kt hp cc phng php trn Khi s dng phng php ny, c th vn dng cch tnh mt trong 3 phng php trn xc nh nh mc hao ph vt liu, nhn cng v my thi cng cho cng tc cha c trong h thng nh mc d ton c cng b. Bc 4. Lp cc tit nh mc trn c s tng hp cc hao ph v vt liu, lao ng, my thi cng Tp hp cc tit nh mc trn c s tng hp cc khon mc hao ph v vt liu, nhn cng v my thi cng. Mi tit nh mc gm 2 phn: - Thnh phn cng vic: qui nh r, y ni dung cc bc cng vic theo th t t khu chun b ban u n khi kt thc hon thnh cng tc hoc kt cu xy dng, bao gm c iu kin v bin php thi cng c th.

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- Bng nh mc cc khon mc hao ph: m t r tn, chng loi, qui cch vt liu ch yu trong cng tc hoc kt cu xy dng, v cc vt liu ph khc; loi th; cp bc cng nhn xy dng bnh qun; tn, loi, cng sut ca cc loi my, thit b thit b ch yu v mt s my, thit b khc trong dy chuyn cng ngh thi cng thc hin hon thnh cng tc hoc kt cu xy dng. Trong bng nh mc, hao ph vt liu ch yu c tnh bng hin vt, cc vt liu ph tnh bng t l phn trm so vi chi ph vt liu chnh; hao ph lao ng tnh bng ngy cng khng phn chia theo cp bc c th m theo cp bc cng nhn xy dng bnh qun; hao ph my, thit b ch yu c tnh bng s ca my, cc loi my khc (my ph) c tnh bng t l phn trm so vi chi ph ca cc loi my, thit b ch yu. Cc tit nh mc xy dng c tp hp theo nhm, loi cng tc hoc kt cu xy dng v thc hin m ho thng nht. 2. iu chnh cc thnh phn hao ph vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng khi vn dng cc nh mc xy dng cng b Khi vn dng cc nh mc xy dng c cng b, nhng do iu kin thi cng hoc bin php thi cng hoc yu cu k thut ca cng trnh hoc c ba yu t ny c mt hoc mt s thng s cha ph hp vi quy nh trong nh mc xy dng c cng b th iu chnh cc thnh phn hao ph vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng c lin quan cho ph hp vi cng trnh. 2.1. C s iu chnh - iu kin, bin php thi cng ca cng trnh. - Yu cu v k thut v tin thi cng ca cng trnh... 2.2. Phng php iu chnh
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2.2.1. iu chnh hao ph vt liu - i vi hao ph vt liu cu thnh nn sn phm theo thit k th cn c qui nh, tiu chun thit k ca cng trnh tnh ton hiu chnh. - i vi vt liu bin php thi cng th hiu chnh cc yu t thnh phn trong nh mc cng b theo tnh ton hao ph t thit k bin php thi cng hoc theo kinh nghim ca chuyn gia hoc cc t chc chuyn mn. 2.2.2. iu chnh hao ph nhn cng Tng, gim thnh phn nhn cng trong nh mc cng b v tnh ton hao ph theo iu kin t chc thi cng hoc theo kinh nghim ca chuyn gia hoc cc t chc chuyn mn 2.2.3. iu chnh hao ph my thi cng - Trng hp thay i do iu kin thi cng (iu kin a hnh, kh, d, tin nhanh chm ca cng trnh,...) th tnh ton iu chnh tng, gim tr s nh mc theo iu kin t chc thi cng hoc theo kinh nghim ca chuyn gia hoc cc t chc chuyn mn. - Trng hp thay i do tng hoc gim cng sut my thi cng th iu chnh theo nguyn tc: cng sut tng th gim tr s v ngc li.

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