PHNGPHPGIIBITPV S RI T DO

A - TOM TAT LY THUYET

1. nh ngha:
- S ri t do lsri ch di tac dung cua tron g lc
2. ac iem cua sritdo
+ Phng
: Thang ng
+ Chieu
: T tren xuon g
+ Tnh chat chuynng : Nhanh dan eu .
3. Gia tcritdo:
- Tai cung mot ni tren Trai at v gan mat at moi vat u ri t do vi co cung mtgiatc.
r
- Gia toc ri t do g :
+ Phng : thang ng.
O
+ Chieu : hng xuong.
+ o ln : g=9,8m/s2

O
N

y0

4. Cac phng trnh:

1
+ y = y 0 + v 0t + at2
2

+
s

r
v
y

r
v

+ v = v 0 + at
+ v2 - v02=2as

B - BITP:
Dng1 :

- Tnh:thigian - Qungng -Vntc

- Qung ng vt ictrongtgiythn.
- Thigianvt iquamthn

a - Phngphp:
- Vhnh - nhduccvtrkhost - ghiccilngnghc.
- ChnHQC: +GctaOtivtru.
+TrcOythngng,chiu(+)trnxung.
+Gcthigiant =0lcbturi.
1
2

- pdngcccngthc: s = gt2

s = sn - s(n - 1) =

v =gt.

v2 = 2gs.

1 2
1
gt n - g(tn -1)2
2
2

b - Bitp:
1 - Vd:
1. Mtvtrikhng vntcutcao80mxungt.Lyg = 10m/s2
a - Tmvntcvthigianrikhivtchmt.
b -Tnhqung ng vtritrong0,5sutinv0,5scuicng.
HD: a - Vntckhi vtchmt:v = 2gh = 2.10.80 = 40m/s.
v
g

- Thigianrikhi vtchmt:v =gt t = = 4s.

1
2

b - Qung ngtrongt = 0,5sutin:s = gt2 =5.0,25 =1,25m.

-Qung ng trong t = 0,5s cui cng l : s = st - s(t

18,75m
2. Mtvtcthritdokhng vntcu.Lyg =10m/2.

- 0,5)

1
2

= gt 24 -

1
g(t4 -0,5)2 =
2

a - Tnhonng vtictronggiyth7.
b - Trong7scuicngvtric385m.Xcnhthigianricavt.
c - Thigiancnthitvtri45mcuicng.
HD:a - Qung ngvtritronggiyth7l: s = s7 -s6 =245 - 180 =65m.
+ Qung ng vtrisau7s:

+Qungng vtritrong6sl:

1
2
1 2
s6 = gt = 5.62 = 180m.
2

s7 = gt2 = 5.72 = 245m.

b -Thigianvtri:Theotac:s7 =st - s(t- 7) = 385m

+ Qung ng vtrisaut(s):

1
2

st = gt2.
1
2

+Qung ng vtritrong(t - 7)sl:

1
2

s7 =st -s(t- 7) = 385m = gt2 -

s(t- 7) = g(t - 7)2.

1
g(t - 7)2 =5[t2 -(t - 7)2]=5(2t - 7)7 = 70t - 245 t = 9s.
2

2 - Vndng:
1. Mot vat ri t do t o cao 19,6m xuong at. Tnh thi gian ri va van toc khi cham at. Lay g=9,8m/s2
2. Mot vat ri t o cao 45m xuong at. Tnh quang n g vat ri sau 2s va trong2s cuoi cun g.
3. Mot vat ri t do tai ni co g=10m/s2. Trong 2 giay cuoi vat ri c180m. Tnh thi gian ri va o cao
buon g vat.
4. Mot vat c buong ri t do tai ni cog=9,8m/s2.
a - Tnh quang ng vat i c trong 3 giay va trong giay th 3.
b - Lap bieu thc tnh quang ng vat i c trong n giay, giay th n
6. Trong 0,5s cuoi cung trc khi cham at, vat ri t do i c gap oi quan g c i c trong 0,5 giay
ngay trc o. Tnh o cao vat c buong ri.
7. Tha ri mot vat t o cao 74,8m.Tnh : Quan g ng vat ri trong giay au tien va giay cuoi cung. Thi
gian e vat i het 20m au tien va 20m cuoi cung.

Dng2 :

Linhgiaqungng,thigian,vntccahai vtritdo.

a - Phngphp:
- Vhnh - nhduccvtrkhostca 2vt - ghiccilngnghc.
- ChnHQC: +GctaOtivtru.
+TrcOythngng,chiu(+)trnxung.
+Gcthigiant = 0lcvt bturi.
Lu:Nugcthigiankhng trnglcvtbturitht0 0
- pdngcccngthccho2 vt :

v =gt.

1
2

s = gt2

1
2

v2 =2gs.y =y0 + gt2

b - Bitp:
1 - Vd:
1. Tmtnhthpngitabungri1vt.Mtgiysautngthpthphn10mngibungrivtth
2.Haivtsgpnhausaubaoluktkhivtthnhtc bungri.Lyg=10m/s2. O t =0
HD: - ChnHQCvgcthigiannhhnh1
10m
- Vitphngtrnhtacho2vt:
1
2

y1= gt2 (m)

A t =1s

1
2

y2 = g(t - 1)2 + 10(m)

H.1

- Khihaivtgpnhau:

1 2 1
1
1
gt = g(t - 1)2 = gt2 - gt+ g +10
2
2
2
2

y1 = y2

t= 1,5s.
2.Sau2sktlcgitncth2bturi,khongcchgia2gitncl25m.Tnhxemgitncth2
cnhritrhngitncthnhtbaolu?Lyg=10m/s2.
HD: - ChnHQC: +GctaOtivtrri.
+Chiudnghngxung
t 01 0
t 02 = 0

- Gcthigiant=0lcgit2ri

1
2

1
2

- Phngtrnhchuynngca2gitncl:s1 = g(t - t01 )2 vs2 = gt2

- Theobitit= 2stac:s1 - s2 = 25

1
g[(2 -t01 )2 -22] =25 t2 + 4t - 5= 0
2

t=1s Vygitth2risaugitthnht1s.
2 - Vndng:
1. Co hai vat ri t do t hai o cao xuong at. Thi gian ri cua vat (1) gap oi thi gian ri cua vat (2).
Hay so sanh : Quan g ng ri cua va van toc cham at cua hai vat.
2.Hai vien bi A vaB c tha ri t do t cung o cao.Bi A ri sau bi B0,5s. Tnh khong cach gia 2 bi sau
2s.
3. Hai giot nc ri cach nhau1s. Tm khoang cach gia hai giot sau khi goit th2 ri c 1s.
4. Haivinbistcthritcngmtcaocchnhaumtkhongthigian1,5s.Tnhkhongcchgia
2vin
bisaukhivinbithnhtric3,5s.

Dng3: Chuynngcavtcnmthngnghngxung.
a - Phngphp:
r

- Chuynng c: +Giatc: a = g
r
r
+Vntcu: v0 cngphngvi a
1
2

+Phngtrnh:y = gt2 +v0t+y0 (Chiudnghngxung)

- Vhnh - nhduccvtrkhostca 2vt - ghiccilngnghc.
- ChnHQC: +GctaOtivtru.
+TrcOythngng,chiu(+)trnxung.
+Gcthigiant =0lcvtbtunm.
Lu:Nugcthigiankhng trnglcvtbturitht0 0
1
2

- pdngcccngthccho2 vt: s = gt2 +v0t

v2 v02= 2gs.

v =gt+v0.
1
2

y =y0 + gt2+v0t

b - Bitp:
1 - Vd:1.mttngthpcchmtt45m,mtngithrimtvt.Mtgiysaungi
nmvtth2xungtheohngthngng.Haivtchmtcnglc.Tnhvntcnmcavtth2.Lyg
=10m/s2.
O t =0
HD: - ChnHQC: +Otivtrthvt,chiudnghngxung,
5m

t 0 = 0
+Gcthigiant = 0:lcthvt1. 1
t 02 = 1s

- Lpccphngtrnhchuynng:

A t02 =2s

1
2
1
+s2 = g(t -1)2 +v0(t - 1) = 5.4+ 2v0 45= 20+2v0 v0 =12,5m/s.
2

+s1 = gt2 =5t2 = 45 t2= 9 t = 3s

2.Tcao20m,phinmmtvtthngngvivntcv0 bngbaonhiuvtnytimttsmhn
1ssovivtritdo?
1
2

HD: -Ccphngtrnhchuynng:s1 = gt2 = 5t2.(1) t= 2s

1
2

s2 = gt'2 +v0t'= 5t'2 +v0t'(2)

- Theo:t - t'=1 t'= 1 thayvo(2)tac:20= 5+ v0 v0 =15m/s.

2 - Vndng:
1.MtvinbiActhritcao30m.CnglcbiBcnmthngngtdilnvivntc
25m/stivachm viA.ChntrctaOythngng, gcmtt,chiudng hng ln,gcthi
gianllc2bibtuchuynng.
a - Lpphngtrnhchuynngvphngtrnhvntccamivt.
b - haivtcchmtcnglchaykhng?Tnhvntclcchmtcamivt.
2. Mot ngi nem mot hon a t o cao 2m len theo phng thang ng vi van toc ban au 6m/s. Hoi sau
bao
lau hon a cham at, van toc luc cham at ban g bao nhieu ?
3. Ngi ta nem mot hon a t o cao 1,3m len theo phng thang ng vi van toc ban au2,4m/s. Hoi
a - Khongthigiangia2thiimmvntccahn ccngln1,8m/slbaonhiu?
b - caolclbaonhiu?

IVBITRCNGHIM
Cau 1 : Chon cau phat bieu ung nhat :
A. Tren trai at khi v o cang giam th gia toc ri t do cung giam dan
B. Tren trai at khi v o can g giam th gia toc ri t do cang tan g
C. Gia toc ri t do la 1 so khong oi oi vi moi ni tren trai at
D. Gia toc ri t do thay oi tuy theo moi quoc gia tren the gii.
Cau 2 : mot ni tren trai at ( tc mot v o xac nh) thi gian ri t do cua mot vat phu thuoc vao :
A. Khoi ln g cua vat. B. Kch thc cua vat.
C. o cao cua vat.
D. Ca 3 yeu to.
Cau 3 : Chon cau sai trong cac cau sau :
A. Lc tac dung vao vat ri t do la lc hut cua trai at. B. Tai moi ni tren Trai at, vat ri vi gia toc
nh nhau.
C. Vat ri t do chuyen ong theo phng thang n g.
D. Chuyen on g cua vat ri t do la chuyen ong thang nhanh dan eu .
Cau 4 : Chn cau un g trong cac cau sau :
A. Tron g khong kh vat nang se ri nhanh hn vat nhe. B. Trong chan khong vat nan g se ri nhanh hn
vat nhe.
C. Sc can cua khong kh la nguyen nhan lam cho cac vat ri trong khong kh nhanh cham khac nhau.
D. cung mot ni tren Trai atVat nang se ri vi gia toc ln hn vat nhe.
Cau 5 : Mot giot nc ri t o cao 10m xuon g mat at. Neu khong ke en sc can khong kh th van toc
cua giot nc khi cham at la :
A
A.14.14m/s.
B.1.4m/s.
C.200m/s.
D.100m/s.
B
Cau 6 : Gia toc ri t do phu thuoc vao nhng yeu to nao?
Ds
A. Khoi ln g va kch thc vat ri.
B. Cao o va v o a ly.
C
C. Van toc au va thi gian ri.
D. Ap suat va nhiet o moi trng.
Cau 7 : Mot vat ri t do khon g van toc au t mot iem A vao luc t = 0. Phng trnh cua vat khi Cu7

chon goc tao o la v tr O di A mot khoang 196m la : (g = 9,8m/s2)

A.y=4,9t2.
B.y=4,9t2 +196.
C.y =4,9t2 196.
D.y=4,9(t196)2.
Cau 8 : Mot vat ri t do khong van toc au . Quang n g ri trong giay th 2 la 14,73m. Suy ra
gia toc tron g lc ni lam th nghiem la:
A.9,82m/s2.
B.9,81m/s2.
C.9,80m/s2.
D.7,36m/s2
Cau 9 : Mot vat ri t do trong giay cuoi cun g i c quang ng 45m, thi gian ri cua vat la :
A.5s.
B.4s.
C.3s.
D.6s.
Cau 10 : T 1 nh thap cach mat at 80m, ngi ta tha ri mot vat. 2 giay sau tang thap thap hn 10m
ngi ta nem vat th hai xuon g theo hng thang ng e hai vat cham at cun g luc. Van toc cua vat th
hai phai la :(g=10m/s2)
A.25m/s.
B.20m/s.
C.15m/s.
D.12.5m/s.