Xuyen Lo

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B
GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO
MUC LUC
trang
LI M AU
CHNG I : TONG QUAN
I . LY THUYET VE CHNG CAT
3
II . GII THIEU S BO NGUYEN LIEU

4
III . CONG NGHE CHNG CAT HE ACID AXETIC
NC
6
CHNG II : CAN BANG VAT CHAT
I . CAC THONG SO BAN AU
8
II . XAC NH SUAT LNG SAN PHAM NH
VA SAN PHAM AY
8
III . XAC NH T SO HOAN LU THCH HP
9
IV . PHNG TRNH NG LAM VIEC SO MAM
LY THUYET
9
V . XAC NH SO MAM THC TE
10
CHNG III :TNH TOAN THIET KE THAP
CHNG CAT
I . NG KNH THAP
12
II . MAM LO TR LC CUA MAM
15
III . TNH TOAN C KH CUA THAP
19
CHNG IV : TNH TOAN THIET B TRUYEN
NHIET- THIET B PHU
I . CAC THIET B TRUYEN NHIET
27
II. TNH BAO ON CUA THIET B
38
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
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III . TNH TOAN BM NHAP LIEU

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CHNG V : GIA THANH THIET B
I . TNH S BO GIA THANH CUA THIET B
45
II . KET LUAN
46
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
LI M AU
Mot trong nhng nganh co s ong gop to ln en
nganh cong nghiep nc ta noi rieng va the gii noi
chung, o la nganh cong nghiep hoa hoc. ac biet la
nganh hoa chat c ban.
Ngay nay, cac phng phap c s dung e nang cao
o tinh khiet: trch ly, chng cat, co ac, hap thu Tuy theo
ac tnh yeu cau cua san pham ma ta co s la chon
phng phap thch hp. oi vi he acid axetic- Nc la 2
cau t tan lan hoan toan, ta phai dung phng phap chng
cat e nang cao o tinh khiet cho acid axetic.
Nhiem vu cua AMH la thiet ke thap chng cat he acid
axetic - Nc hoat ong lien tuc vi nang suat nhap lieu :
5m3/h co nong o 8% mol acid axetic ,thu c san pham
nh co nong o 0.5% mol acid axetic vi nng o dung dch
ay acid axetic la 30%.
Em chan thanh cam n cac qu thay co bo mon May &
Thiet B, cac ban sinh vien a giup em hoan thanh o an
nay. Tuy nhien, trong qua trnh hoan thanh o an khong
the khong co sai sot, em rat mong qu thay co gop y, ch
dan.
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CHNG I : TONG QUAN.

I . LY THUYET VE CHNG CAT:
1 . Phng phap chng cat :
Chng cat la qua trnh phan tach hon hp long (hoac

kh long) thanh cac cau t rieng biet da vao s khac
nhau ve o bay hi cua chung (hay nhiet o soi khac nhau
cung ap suat), bang cach lap i lap lai nhieu lan qua
trnh bay hi - ngng tu, trong o vat chat i t pha long vao
pha hi hoac ngc lai. Khac vi co ac, chng cat la qua
trnh trong o ca dung moi va chat tan eu bay hi, con co
ac la qua trnh trong o ch co dung moi bay hi.
Khi chng cat ta thu c nhieu cau t va thng th bao
nhieu cau t se thu c bay nhieu san pham. Neu xet
he n gian ch co 2 he cau t th ta thu c 2 san
pham: san pham nh chu yeu gom gom cau t co o
bay hi ln (nhiet o soi nho ), san pham ay chu yeu
gom cau t co o bay hi be(nhiet o soi ln) .oi vi
he acid axetic - nc san pham nh chu yeu gom nc
va mot t acid axetic , ngc lai san pham ay chu yeu
gom acid axetic va mot t nc.
Cac phng phap chng cat: c phan loai theo:
Ap suat lam viec : chng cat ap suat thap, ap

suat thng va ap suat cao. Nguyen tac cua phng phap
nay la da vao nhiet o soi cua cac cau t, neu nhiet
o soi cua cac cau t qua cao th ta giam ap suat lam
viec e giam nhiet o soi cua cac cau t.
Nguyen ly lam viec: lien tuc, gian oan(chng n

gian) va lien tuc.
* Chng cat n gian(gian oan): phng phap nay uc
s dung trong cac trng hp sau:
+ Khi nhiet o soi cua cac cau t khac xa nhau.
+ Khong oi hoi san pham co o tinh khiet cao.
+ Tach hon hp long ra khoi tap chat khong bay hi.
+ Tach s bo hon hp nhieu cau t.
* Chng cat hon hp hai cau t (dung thiet b hoat
ong lien tuc) la qua trnh c thc hien lien tuc, nghch
dong, nheu oan.
Phng phap cap nhiet ay thap: cap nhiet trc

tiep bang hi nc: thng c ap dung trng hp chat
c tach khong tan trong nc .
Vay: oi vi he acid axetic Nc, ta chon phng phap
chng cat lien tuc cap nhiet gian tiep bang noi un ap
suat thng.
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2 . Thiet b chng cat:
Trong san xuat thng s dung rat nhieu loai thap

nhng chung eu co mot yeu cau c ban la dien tch be
mat tiep xuc pha phai ln ,ieu nay phu thuoc vao o
phan tan cua lu chat nay vao lu chat kia .
Thap chng cat rat phong phu ve kch c va ng
dung ,cac thap ln nhat thng c ng dung trong cong
nghiep loc hoa dau. Kch thc cua thap : ng knh thap
va chieu cao thap tuy thuoc suat lng pha long, pha kh
cua thap va o tinh khiet cua san pham. Ta khao sat 2
loai thap chng cat thng dung la thap mam va thap
chem.
Thap mam: than thap hnh tru, thang ng pha

trong co gan cac mam co cau tao khac nhau e chia than
thap thanh nhng oan bang nhau, tren mam pha long va
pha hi c cho tiep xuc vi nhau. Tuy theo cau tao cua
a, ta co:
* Thap mam chop : tren mam co chop dang tron hay
mot dang khac,co ranh xung quanh e pha kh i qua va ong
chay chuyen co hnh tron
* Thap mam xuyen lo: tren mam bo tr cac lo co
ng knh 3-12mm c bo tr tren cac nh tam giac,bc
lo bang 2,5 en 5 lan ng knh
Thap chem(thap em): thap hnh tru, gom nhieu

oan noi vi nhau bang mat bch hay han. Vat chem c
cho vao thap theo mot trong hai phng phap: xep ngau
nhien hay xep th t.
So sanh u va nhc iem cua cac loai

thap :
u
ie
m:
Nh
c
ie
m:
Thap
chem.
n
gian.
Tr lc
thap.
Hieu
suat thap
Thiet b
nang.
o on
nh kem.
Thap mam
xuyen lo.
Hieu suat tng
oi cao.
Hoat ong kha
on nh.
Lam viec vi
chat long ban.
Tr lc kha cao.
Yeu cau lap
at khat khe -> lap
a that phang
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Thap
mam chop.
Hieu
suat cao.
Hoat
ong on
nh.
Cau tao
phc tap.
Khong
lam viec vi
chat long
ban.
Tr lc
ln.
Nhan xet: thap mam xuyen lo la trang thai trung gian

gia thap chem va thap mam chop. Nen ta chon thap
chng cat la thap mam xuyen lo.
Vay: Chng cat he acid axetic - Nc ta dung thap mam
xuyen lo hoat ong lien tuc ap suat thng, cap nhiet
gian tiep ay thap.
II . GII THIEU S BO NGUYEN LIEU :

Nguyen lieu la hon hp acid axetic - Nc.
1 . Acid acetic:
Axit acetic la chat long khong mau , co mui thm ac

trng , v chua . Khoi lng rieng cua axit acetic 20oC la
1,0498 kg/cm3 ,nhiet o soi ap suat thng la 118oC , tan
vo han trong nc.Dung dch axt acetic 2-15% c dung lam
giam. Nhan dan ta thng lam giam an bang cach len
men nc ma, nc mat, chuoi chn Cac chat ng
trong ma, chuoi len men thanh ru roi thanh giam. ieu
kien thuan li cho s len men giam la nhiet o t 25 en
50oC va men giam phai c tiep xuc vi khong kh.
* ng dung : No la nguyen lieu dung e san suat
nhieu mat hang khac nhau va c ng dung rong rai
trong cac nganh: cong nghiep nang, y te va dc, quoc
phong, giao thong van tai, det, che bien go va nong
nghiep.T o ta co the ieu che 1 so dc pham, pham
nhuom, thuoc tr co, si nhan tao, chat deo, dung moi
2 . Nc:
Trong ieu kien bnh thng: nc la chat long khong

mau, khong mui, khong v nhng khoi nc day se co
mau xanh nhat.
Khi hoa ran no co the ton tai dang 5 dang tinh the
khac nhau:
Khoi lng phan t
: 18
g / mol
Khoi lng rieng d40 c
: 1
g / ml
Nhiet o nong chay
: 0 0C
Nhiet o soi
: 1000 C
Nc la hp chat chiem phan ln tren trai at (3/4
dien tch trai at la nc bien) va rat can thiet cho s
song.
Nc la dung moi phan cc manh, co kha nang hoa
tan nhieu chat va la dung moi rat quan trong trong ky
thuat hoa hoc.
3 . Hon hp Acid acetic Nc:
Ta co bang thanh phan long (x) hi (y) va nhiet o

soi cua hon hp Acid acetic - Nc 760 mmHg:
x(%phan
mol)
y(%phan
0
0
5
9.2
10
16.7
20
30.3
30
42.5
40
53
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50
62.6
60
71.6
70
79.5
80
86.4
90
93
100
100
mol)
t(oC)
118.
4
115.
4
113.
8
110.
1
107.
5
105.
8
104.
4
103.
3
102.
1
101.
3
100.
6
100
III. CONG NGHE CHNG CAT HE ACID ACETIC

NC:
* S o qui trnh cong nghe chng cat he Acid
acetic nc:
Chu thch cac k hieu trong qui trnh:
1 . Bon cha nguyen lieu.
2 . Bm.
3 . Bon cao v.
4 . Lu lng ke.
5 . Thiet b trao oi nhiet vi san pham ay.
6 . Thiet b gia nhiet nhap lieu.
7 . Bay hi.
8 . Thap chng cat.
9 . Nhiet ke.
10 . Ap ke.
11 . Thiet b ngng tu san pham nh.
12 . Noi un.
13 . Bon cha san pham nh.
14 . Bon cha san pham ay.
15 . Bo phan phan dong.
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* Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe:

Hon hp acid acetic nc nhiet o khoang 280C tai bnh
cha nguyen lieu (1) c bm (2) bm len bon cao v (3).
T o c a en thiet b trao oi nhiet (5) ( trao oi
nhiet vi san pham ay ). Sau o, hon hp c un soi
en nhiet o soi trong thiet b gia nhiet(6), hon hp c
a vao thap chng cat (8) a nhap lieu.
Tren a nhap lieu, chat long c tron vi phan long t
oan cat cua thap chay xuong. Trong thap hi, i t di
len gap chat long t tren xuong. ay, co s tiep
xuc va trao oi gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha long chuyen
ong trong phan chng cang xuong di cang giam nong
o cac cau t de bay hi v a b pha hi tao nen t noi
un (12) loi cuon cau t de bay hi.Nhiet o cang len
tren cang thap, nen khi hi i qua cac a t di len th
cau t co nhiet o soi cao la nc se ngng tu lai, cuoi
cung tren nh thap ta thu c hon hp co cau t nc
chiem nhieu nhat . Hi nay i vao thiet b ngng tu (11) va
c ngng tu hoan toan. Mot phan chat long ngng tu
c trao oi nhiet vi dong nhap lieu trong thiet b (5) roi
vao bon cha san pham nh (13). Phan con lai cua chat
long ngng tu c hoan lu ve thap a tren cung vi
t so hoan lu toi u. Mot phan cau t co nhiet o soi
thap c boc hi, con lai cau t co nhiet o soi cao
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trong chat long ngay cang tang. Cuoi cung, ay thap

ta thu c hon hp long hau het la cac cau t kho bay
hi acid acetic .
Dung dch long ay i ra khoi thap vao noi un (12).
Trong noi un dung dch long mot phan se boc hi cung cap
lai cho thap e tiep tuc lam viec, phan con lai ra khoi noi
un c a vao bon cha san pham ay .
CHNG II : CAN BANG VAT

CHAT .
I . CAC THONG SO BAN AU :

Nang suat nhap lieu:
( x =x1*M1/(x1*M1+(1-x1)*M2)=0.92*18/
(0.92*18+0.08*60)=0.775
1/ tb
= x / n + (1 x) / a =0.775/995.6 +(1-0.775)/1039.6,
tb
=1005.17kg/m3)
GF=QF* tb =5*1005.17=5025.86(kg/h).
Nong o nhap lieu :
8% mol acid axetic
(xF=0.92)
Nong o san pham nh :

0.5% mol acid axetic(
xD=0.995)
Nong o san pham ay :
30% mol acid axetic.
(xW=0.7)
Khoi lng phan t cua acid axetic va nc : MA =60
kg/kmol , MN =18 kg/kmol .
Chon :
+ Nhiet o nhap lieu : tF =28oC .
+ Nhiet o san pham nh sau khi lam nguoi : tD
=35oC .
+ Nhiet o san pham ay sau khi trao oi nhiet : tW =
o
35 C .
+Trang thai nhap lieu la trang thai long soi .
Cac k hieu :
+ GF , F : suat lng nhap lieu tnh theo Kg/h , Kmol/h .
+ GD , D : suat lng san pham nh tnh theo Kg/h , Kmol/h
.
+ GW ,W : suat lng san pham ay tnh theo Kg/h ,
Kmol/h .
+ xi , xi : phan mol , phan khoi lng cua cau t i .
II . XAC NH SUAT LNG SAN PHAM

NH VA SAN PHAM AY :
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Can bang vat chat cho toan thap :

F=D+W
(II.1)
Can bang cau t
:
F.xF = D.xD + W.xW
(II.2)
Vi : Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong nhap lieu :
MF = 18 .x F + (1 x F ). 60 = 21.36 (Kg/Kmol).
F=
GF
5025 .86
=
=235.29 (Kmol/h)
MF
21 .36
Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong san pham ay :

MW = 18 .xW + (1 xW ). 60 = 30.6 (Kg/Kmol).
Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong san pham nh :
MD = 18 .x D + (1 x D ). 60 =18.21 (Kg/Kmol).
Giai 2 phng trnh (II.1),(II.2)ta co :
D =175.47 (Kmol/h)
W = 59.819 (Kmol/h)
III . XAC NH T SO HOAN LU THCH HP:

1 . T so hoan lu toi thieu:
T so hoan lu toi thieu la che o lam viec ma tai

o ng vi so mam ly thuyet la vo cc .Do o ,chi ph
co nh la vo cc nhng chi ph ieu hanh (nhien lieu
,nc va bm) la toi thieu .
Rmin=
x y*
y* x
D
0.995 0.945
=2
0.945 0.92
T so hoan lu thch hp:RX=1.3Rmin+0.3=2.9
IV . PHNG TRNH NG LAM VIECSO

MAM LY THUYET:
1 . Phng trnh ng nong o lam viec
cua oan cat :
y=
2,9
0,995
x
R.
.x + D
= 2,9 +1 .x + 2,9 +1
R +1
R +1
=0,7436.x + 0.2551
2 . Phng trnh ng nong o lam viec

cua oan chng :
y=
2,9 +1.341
1.341 1
R+ f
f 1
.x +
.0.7
.x +
.xW =
2,9 +1
2,9 +1
R +1
R +1
= 1.087x + 0.0612
Vi : f =
F
235 .29
=
D 175 .47
= 1.341 : ch so nhap lieu .
3 . So mam ly thuyet :
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o th xac nh so mam ly thuyet
so mam ly thuyet la Nlt = 27mam .20 mam cat,6 mam

chng,1 mam nhap lieu
V . XAC NH SO MAM THC TE:

So mam thc te tnh theo hieu suat trung bnh :
N tt =
N lt
tb
(st2/170)
trong o: tb : hieu suat trung bnh cua a, la mot ham

so cua o bay hi tng oi va o nht cua hon hp
long : = f( , ).
Ntt : so mam thc te.
Nlt : so mam ly thuyet.
Xac nh hieu suat trung bnh cua thap tb :
+ o bay tng oi cua cau t de bay hi :
=
y* 1 x
1 y* x
Vi : x :phan mol cua nc trong pha long .

y* : phan mol cua nc trong pha hi can bang vi pha
long.
Lg hh =x1lg 1 + x2lg 2 , tai lieu [4(tap 1) trang 84]
* Tai v tr nhap lieu :
xF = 0.92 ta tra o th can bang cua he : y*F = 0.945
tF = 100.52 oC
y* F 1 x F
0.945 1 0.92
=
.
+ F =
= 1.494
*
1 0.945 0.92
1 y F xF
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+ tF = 100.52 oC , a = 0.46.10-3 Ns/m2 ; n=0.284.10-3

Ns/m2(t2/91,92)
F =0.443.10-3 (N.s/m2) =0,443 (cP)
Suy ra : F . F = 1.494*0.443 =0.662
Tra tai lieu tham khao [(tap 2) trang 171] : F = 0.55
* Tai v tr mam ay :
xW = 0.7 ta tra o th can bang cua he : y*W = 0.795
tW = 102.1 oC
y *W 1 x W
0.795 1 0.7
=
.
+ W =
= 1.662
*
1 0.795 0.7
1 y W xW
+ va tW =102.1oC, a = 0.46.10-3 Ns/m2 ; n=0.284.10-3 Ns/m2
W =0.443.10-3 (N.s/m2) =0,443 (cP)
Suy ra : W . W = 1.662*0.443 = 0.736
Tra tai lieu tham khao [4(tap 2) trang 171] : W = 0.53
*Tai v tr mam nh :
xD = 0.995 ta tra o th can bang cua he : y*D = 0.997
tD = 100.22 oC
y* D 1 x D
0.997 1 0.995
=
.
+ D =
= 1.67
*
1 0.997 0.995
1 y D xD
+ tD = 100.22oC , , a = 0.46.10-3 Ns/m2 ; n=0.284.10-3 Ns/m2
D =0.443.10-3 (N.s/m2) =0,443 (cP)
Suy ra : D . D = 1.67*0.443 = 0.74
Tra tai lieu tham khao [4(tap 2) trang 171] : D = 0.53
Suy ra: hieu suat trung bnh cua thap :
tb
F + W + D 0.53 + 0.53 + 0.55

=
= 0.537
3
3
So mam thc te cua thap Ntt :

N tt =
27
=50.28 mam
0.537
Vay chon Ntt = 50 mam 37 mam cat,12 mam chng 1

mam nhap lieu
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CHNG III :TNH TOAN THIET

KE THAP CHNG CAT .
I . NG KNH THAP :(Dt)
Dt =
4V tb
= 0,0188
.3600. tb
g tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)(t2 tr181)
Vtb :lng hi trung bnh i trong thap (m3/h).

tb :toc o hi trung bnh i trong thap (m/s).
gtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thap (Kg/h).
Lng hi trung bnh i trong oan chng va oan cat khac
nhau.Do o, ng knh oan chng va oan cat cung khac
nhau .
1. ng knh oan cat :
a . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thap :

g tb =
g d + g1
2
(Kg/h)
gd : lng hi ra khoi a tren cung cua thap (Kg/h).

g1 : lng hi i vao a di cung cua oan cat (Kg/h).
Xac nh gd : gd = D.(R+1) =175.47(2,9+1) = 684.333
(Kmol/h)
= 12404.22(Kg/h)
(V MthD =18.yD+(1-yD).60 = 18.126(Kg/Kmol).
Xac nh g1 : T he phng trnh :
g1 = G1 + D
g1 . y1 = G1 .x1 + D.x D
g .r = g .r
11 d d
(III.1)
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Vi : G1 : lng long a th nhat cua oan cat .

r1 : an nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp hi i vao a th
nhat cua oan cat
rd : an nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp hi i ra nh
thap .
* Tnh r1 : t1 = tF = 100.52oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap
1)] ta co :
An nhiet hoa hi cua nc : rN1 = 40512.96 (KJ/kmol) .
An nhiet hoa hi cua acid : ra1 = 24195.24 (KJ/kmol) .
Suy ra : r1 = rN1.y1 + (1-y1).ra1 = 24195.24 + 16317.72y1
(KJ/kmol)
* Tnh rd : tD = 100.22oC , tra tai lieu tham khao IV (tap 1) ta
co :
An nhiet hoa hi cua nc : rNd = 40512.96 (KJ/kmol) .
An nhiet hoa hi cua acid : rad = 24195.24(KJ/kmol) .
Suy ra : rd = rNd.yD + (1-yD).rad =40512.96*0.997 + (10.997)*24195.24
= 40464 (KJ/kmol)
* x1 = xF = 0.92
Giai he (III.1) , ta c :
G1 = 525.316 (Kmol/h)
y1 = 0.939 (phan mol ) _ M1
=20.1
g1 = 700.786 (Kmol/h) =
14085.799(Kg/h)
Vay : gtb =
14085 .799 +12404 .22

=13245.01(Kg/h)
2
b . Toc o hi trung bnh i trong thap :

Toc o gii han cua hi i trong thap vi mam xuyen
lo co ong chay chuyen :
gh = 0,05 .
xtb
ytb
Vi : xtb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long

(Kg/m3) .
ytb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi (Kg/m3) .
Xac nh ytb :
[ y .18 + (1 ytb ).60].273
ytb = tb
22,4.( t tb + 273)
Vi: + Nong o phan mol trung bnh : ytb =
0.939 + 0.997
=0.968
2
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y1 + y D
=
2
+ Nhiet o trung bnh oan cat : ttb =

=100.37oC
Suy ra : ytb =0.631 (Kg/m3).
Xac nh xtb :
Nong o phan mol trung bnh : xtb =
0.4577
Suy ra : xtb =
tF + tD
100 .52 +100 .22
=
2
2
xF + xD
0.92 + 0995
=
=
2
2
18 .xtb
18 .xtb + (1 xtb ). 60
ttb = 100.37oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)-trang 9], ta
co :
a=958kg/m3 n =958 kg/m3
1/ tb
= x / n + (1 x) / a
= 958 (Kg/m3)
xtb
Suy ra : gh = 0,05 .
958
0.631
=1.948 (m/s)
e tranh tao bot ta chon toc o hi trung bnh i trong

thap :
h = 0,8.gh = 0,8.1.948 = 1.559 (m/s)
Vay :ng knh oan cat :
Dcat = 0,0188 .
2.
13245 .01
1.559 * 0.631
=2.181 (m).
ng knh oan chng :
a . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thap :

g , n + g ,1
,
(Kg/h)
g tb =
2
gn : lng hi ra khoi oan chng (Kg/h).
g1 : lng hi i vao oan chng (Kg/h).
Xac nh gn : gn = g1 =700.786 (Kmol/h) =
14085.799(Kg/h)
Xac nh g1 : T he phng trnh :
G '1 = g '1 + W
'
'
G 1 .x'1 = g 1 . yW + W .xW
g ' .r ' = g ' .r ' = g .r
1 1 n n 11
(III.2)
Vi : G1 : lng long a th nhat cua oan chng .

r1 : an nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp hi i vao a th
nhat cua oan chng.
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
16
* Tnh r1 : xW =0.7 tra o th can bang cua he ta co : yW

=0.795
Suy ra :Mtbg =18.yW +(1-yW).60=26.61 (Kg/kmol)
t1 = tW = 102.1oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], ta co
:
An nhiet hoa hi cua nc : rN1 = 40512.96 (KJ/kmol) .
An nhiet hoa hi cua ru : rR1 =24195.24 (KJ/kmol) .
Suy ra : r1 = rN1.yW + (1-yW).rR1 = 37167.83 (KJ/kmol)
* Tnh r1:
r1 = rN1.y1 + (1-y1).ra1 = 24195.24 + 16317.72y1
=39517.579(KJ/kmol)
* W = 59.819 (Kmol/h)
Giai he (III.2) , ta c :
x1 =0.788_ MtbG =26.9
G1 =804.91 (Kmol/h)
g1 = 745.09 (Kmol/h) =
20042.921(Kg/h)
Vay : gtb =
20042 .921 +14085 .799

=17064.36 (Kg/h)
2
b . Toc o hi trung bnh i trong thap :

Toc o gii han cua hi i trong thap vi mam xuyen
lo co ong chay chuyen :
' gh = 0,05 .
' xtb
' ytb
Vi : 'xtb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long

(Kg/m3) .
'ytb : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi (Kg/m3) .
Xac nh ytb :
[ y' .18 + (1 y'tb ).60].273
' ytb = tb
22,4.( t ' tb +273)
Vi: + Nong o phan mol trung bnh :
ytb =
y1 + yW
0.939 + 0.795
=
=0.867
2
2
+ Nhiet o trung bnh oan chng :ttb=

=101.31oC
Suy ra : ytb =0.768 (Kg/m3).
Xac nh xtb :
Nong o phan mol trung bnh : xtb =
Suy ra : x ' tb =
t F + tW
100 .52 +102 .1
=
2
2
x F + xW
0.92 + 0.7
=
=0.81
2
2
18 .x 'tb
=0.5612
18 .x' tb +(1 x' tb ). 60
ttb = 101.31oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)-trang 9],
ta co :
Khoi lng rieng cua nc : N = 958(Kg/m3)
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
17
Khoi lng rieng cua ru : a = 958(Kg/m3)

Suy ra : xtb
Suy ra : ' gh
x'
1 x' tb
= tb +
' N
' R
= 0,05 .
958
0,768
=958 (Kg/m3)
=1.766 (m/s)
e tranh tao bot ta chon toc o hi trung bnh i trong

thap :
' h = 0,8.' gh = 0.8*1.766= 1.413 (m/s)
Vay :ng knh oan cat :
Dchng= 0,0188 .
17064 .36
0.768 * 1.413
=2.36 (m).
Ket luan : hai ng knh oan cat va oan chng

khong chenh lech nhau qua ln nen ta chon ng knh
cua toan thap la : Dt = 2.2(m).
Khi o toc o lam viec thc :
0,0188 2.g tb 0,0188 2.13245 .01
=
= 1.533(m/s).
+ Phan cat : lv =
2
2.2 2.0.631
Dt . ytb
+ Phan chng : lv =
0,0188 2.g 'tb

Dt . ' ytb
2
0,0188 2.17064 .36

= 1.623(m/s).
2.2 2.0,768
II . MAM LO TR LC CUA MAM :

1 . Cau tao mam lo :
Chon : + ng knh lo : dl = 8 (mm).
+ Tong dien tch lo bang 10% dien tch mam.
+ Khoang cach gia hai tam lo bang 3 lan ng knh
lo (bo tr lo theo tam giac eu ).
+ Ty le be day mam va ng knh lo la 6/10 .
+ Dien tch danh cho ong chay chuyen la 20% dien tch
mam .
So lo tren 1 mam :
10 %.S mm
D
N=
= 0.1. t
S lo
dl
2.2
= 0.1.
=7562.5 lo.
0,008
2 . o giam ap cua pha kh qua mot mam :
o giam ap tong cong cua pha kh (tnh bang mm.chat

long ) la tong cac o giam ap cua pha kh qua mam kho
va cac o giam ap do pha long :
htl = hk + hl + hR
(mm.chat long)
Vi : + hk :o giam ap qua mam kho (mm.chat long).
+ hl : o giam ap do chieu cao lp chat long tren
mam(mm.chat long).
+hR : o giam ap do sc cang be mat (mm.chat long).
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
18
Trong thap mam xuyen lo ,gradien chieu cao mc chat

long tren mam la khong ang ke nen co the bo qua .
a . o giam ap qua mam kho :
o giam ap cua pha kh qua mam kho c tnh da
tren c s ton that ap suat do dong chay ot thu , ot
m va do ma sat khi pha kh chuyen ong qua lo.
vo 2 G
uo 2 G
= 51,0. 2 .
hk = 2 .
C (mm.chat long)
2
.
g
.
C
L
o
o L
Vi : + uo :van toc pha hi qua lo (m/s).

+ G : khoi lng rieng cua pha hi (Kg/m3).
+ L : khoi lng rieng cua pha long (Kg/m3).
+ Co :he so orifice ,phu thuoc vao ty so tong dien tch
lo vi dien tch mam va ty so gia be day mam vi
ng knh lo.
S lo =0.1va mm =0,6 .Tra tai lieu tham khao [1
Ta co :
d lo
S mm
trang 111] : Co = 0,7

oi vi mam phan cat :
+ Van toc pha hi qua lo : uo =
lv 1.533
=
=15.33 (m/s).
10%
0.1
+ Khoi lng rieng cua pha hi : G = ytb = 0.631 (Kg/m3).

+ Khoi lng rieng cua pha long : L = xtb = 958 (Kg/m3).
Suy ra o giam ap qua mam kho phan cat :
15 .33 2
hk = 51 .
0.7 2
0.631
. 958 =16.11(mm.chat long).
oi vi mam phan chng :

+ Van toc pha hi qua lo : uo =
' lv 1.623
=
=16.23 (m/s).
10 %
0.1
+ Khoi lng rieng cua pha hi : G = ytb = 0.768 (Kg/m3).

+ Khoi lng rieng cua pha long : L = xtb = 958
(Kg/m3).
Suy ra o giam ap qua mam kho phan chng :
16 .23 2
h' k = 51 .
0,7 2
0.768
. 958 = 21.98 (mm.chat long).
b . o giam ap do chieu cao mc chat long tren

mam :
Phng phap n gian e c tnh o giam ap cua pha
hi qua mam do lp chat long tren mam hl la t chieu cao
g chay tran hw , chieu cao tnh toan cua lp chat long
tren g chay tran how va he so hieu chnh theo kinh
nghiem :
hl = .( hw + how )
, (mm.chat long)
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
19
Chon : + He so hieu chnh : = 0,6

+ Chieu cao g chay tran : hw = 50 (mm)
Chieu cao tnh toan cua lp chat long tren g chay
tran c tnh t phng trnh Francis vi g chay tran
phang :
how
qL
= 43 .4.
L
w
, (mm.chat long)
Vi : + qL : lu lng cua chat long (m3/ph).

+ Lw :chieu dai hieu dung cua g chay tran (m).
Xac nh Lw :
Dien tch danh cho ong chay chuyen la 20% dien tch
mam , nen ta co phng trnh sau :
.n o
sin n o = 0,2.
o
180
Vi : no :goc tam chan bi chieu dai oan Lw .

Dung phng phap lap ta c : no = 93o1222
Suy ra : Lw = Dt . sin(no/2) = 1.6 (m).
Xac nh qL :
Phan cat : q L =
R.D.M tb
2.9.175 .47 .19 .785
=
= 0.175 (m3/ph).
60 .xtb
60 .958
(T10/285)
Vi: Mtb=0.9575*18+(1-.9575)*60=19.785
Suy ra : how
0.175
= 43 .4.
1.6
= 9.926 (mm).
Vay :o giam ap do chieu cao mc chat long tren

mam phan cat la:
hl = 0.6.(50+9.926) = 35.956 (mm.chat long).
(G D * R + G F ).M tb 774.153 * 25.98 =0.336
Phan chng : q ' L =
=
60. ' xtb
60.958
3
(m /ph).
Vi:Mtb=0.81*18+(1-0.81)*60=25.98
2
0.336 3
Suy ra : h' ow = 43 .4.
= 15.333 (mm).
1.6
Vay :o giam ap do chieu cao mc chat long tren

mam phan chng :
hl = 0.6.(50+15.333) = 39.2 (mm.chat long).
c . o giam ap do sc cang be mat :
o giam ap do sc cang be mat c xac nh theo
bieu thc :
hR = 625 .54 .
L .d l
, (mm.chat long)
Vi : + : sc cang be mat cua chat long (dyn/cm).

+ L : khoi lng rieng cua pha long (Kg/m3).
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
20
Phan cat :
* Khoi lng rieng cua pha long : L = xtb = 958 (Kg/m3).
* ttb = 100.37oC ,tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], ta co :
+ Sc cang be mat cua nc : N = 58.9 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cang be mat cua acid : a = 19.8 (dyn/cm).
Suy ra :Sc cang be mat cua chat long phan cat :
=
N . a
= 14.819 (dyn/cm).
N +a
Vay : o giam ap do sc cang be mat phan cat

la :
hR = 625 .54 .
14 .849 .10 3
= 1.212 (mm.chat long).
958 .0.008
Phan chng :
* Khoi lng rieng cua pha long : L = xtb = 958 (Kg/m3).
* ttb = 101.31oC ,tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], ta co :
+ Sc cang be mat cua nc : N = 58.9 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cang be mat cua acid : a = 19.8 (dyn/cm).
Suy ra :Sc cang be mat cua chat long phan chng :
' =
' N . ' a
= 14.819 (dyn/cm).
' N + ' a
Vay : o giam ap do sc cang be mat phan chng

la :
h' R = 625 .54 .
14 .849 .10 3
958 .0.008
Tom lai : o giam ap tong cong cua pha kh qua mot

mam :
+ Phan cat : htl = 16.11+35.956+1.212 = 53.278 (mm.chat
long).
hay htl = 53.278 . 10-3 . 9.81 . 958 = 500.71 (N/m2).
+ Phan chng : htl = 21.98+39.2+1.212 = 62.392 (mm.chat
long).
hay htl = 62.392 . 10-3 . 9.81 . 958 = 586.36 (N/m2).
Suy ra :Tong tr lc cua toan thap hay o giam ap
tong cong cua toan thap la :(xem o giam ap tong cong
cua pha kh qua mam nhap lieu bang o giam ap tong
cong cua pha kh qua mot mam phan chng )
htl = 37. htl + 13. htl = 37 . 500.71+13 .586.36 =26148.95
(N/m2).
3 . Kiem tra ngap lut khi thap hoat ong :

Chon khoang cach gia hai mam la hmam =0.4 (m).
Bo qua s tao bot trong ong chay chuyen, chieu cao
mc chat long trong ong chay chuyen cua mam xuyen lo
c xac nh theo bieu thc :
hd = hw + how + htl + hd
, (mm.chat long)
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
21
Vi : hd : ton that thuy lc do dong long chay t ong

chay chuyen vao mam, c xac nh theo bieu thc sau :
QL
hd ' = 0.128 .
100 .S d
, (mm.chat long)
trong o : + QL : lu lng cua chat long (m3/h).

+ Sd : tiet dien gia ong chay chuyen va mam, khi
o :
Sd = 0.8 . Smam = 0.8 . .1.12 =2.76 (m2)
Phan cat : QL = 60.qL = 60 . 0.175 =10.5 (m3/h).
Suy ra : hd ' = 0.128 .
10 .5
100 .2.76
Vay : chieu cao mc chat long trong ong chay chuyen

cua mam xuyen lo phan cat :
hd =50+9.926+53.278+0.00018 =113.204 (mm.chat long).
Kiem tra : hd = 113.204 <
hmm 400
=
= 200 (mm) : am bao khi
2
2
hoat ong cac mam phan cat se khong b ngap lut.

Phan chng : QL = 60.qL = 60 .0.336 = 20.16 (m3/h).
Suy ra : h' d ' = 0.128 .
20 .16
100 .2.76
Vay : chieu cao mc chat long trong ong chay chuyen

cua mam xuyen lo phan chng :
hd =50+15.333+62.392+0,00068 =127.726 (mm.chat long).
Kiem tra : hd = 127.726 <
hmm 400
=
= 200 (mm) : am bao khi
2
2
hoat ong cac mam phan chng se khong b ngap lut.

Vay : khi hoat ong am bao thap se khong b ngap
lut.
Chieu cao cua than thap :Hthan =Ntt .(hmam+ mam ) + 0,8
=50.(0.4+0.0064) +0,8 =21.12(m).
Chieu cao cua ay va nap : H = Hn =ht +hg
=0.55+0.025=0.575(m).
(Xem phan (III.2) : ay va Nap thiet b ).
Chieu cao cua thap : H = Hthan + H + Hn = 21.695(m).
III . TNH TOAN C KH CUA THAP :

1 . Be day than thap :
V thap chng cat hoat ong ap suat thng nen ta
thiet ke than hnh tru bang phng phap han giap moi
(phng phap ho quang ). Than thap c ghep vi nhau
bang cac moi ghep bch.
e am bao chat lng cua san pham va kha nang
an mon cua acid oi vi thiet b, ta chon vat lieu che tao
than thap la thep khong g ma X18H10T.
Ap suat tnh toan :
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
22
Thap lam viec ap suat kh quyen, nen ta chon ap

suat tnh toan :
Ptt =Pcl + htl
, (N/mm2)
Vi : Pcl : ap suat thuy tnh do chat long ay
(N/mm2).
Chon ap suat tnh toan sao cho thap hoat ong ieu
kien nguy hiem nhat ma van an toan nen :
Pcl = x .g.H =
xtb + ' xtb

.g.H=958. 9.81 . 21.695
2
=203889.18 (N/m2).
Suy ra : Ptt = 203889.18 + 26148.95 =230038.12 (N/m2)
~0.23(N/mm2).
Nhiet o tnh toan :
Chon nhiet o tnh toan : ttt = tay = 102.1oC .
Tra tai lieu tham khao [5], ng suat tieu chuan oi vi
thep X18H10T :
[ ]* = 142 (N/mm2).(t22)
oi vi acid he so hieu chnh : = 1
Vay : ng suat cho phep : [ ] = .[ ]* = 142 (N/mm2).
Xac nh be day than chu ap suat trong :
Ta chon phng phap che tao than la phng phap han
ho quang ien bang tay nen he so ben moi han : h =
0,95
[ ]
142
Xet ty so : P .h = 0.23 .0.95 =586.52 > 25,do o, be day

tt
tnh toan cua than c tnh theo cong thc sau :
S 't =
Dt .Ptt
2200 .0.23
=
=1.87 (mm).
2.[ ].h
2.142 .0,95
Suy ra : be day thc cua than : St = St + C

,(mm).
Trong o : C :he so bo sung be day, C = Ca + Cb + Cc + Co
Vi : + Ca : he so bo sung do an mon hoa hoc, phu
thuoc vao toc o an mon cua chat long. Chon toc o
an mon cua acid la 0,1 (mm/nam),thiet b hoat ong trong
20 nam, do o Ca = 2 mm.
+Cb : he so bo sung do bao mon c hoc, chon Cb = 0.
+Cc : he so bo sung do sai lech khi che tao, chon Cc = 0.
+Co : he so bo sung qui tron, chon Co =1 (mm).
Suy ra : C = 2 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 3 (mm).
Vay : St = 1.87 + 3 = 4.87 (mm).
* Kiem tra cong thc tnh toan vi St = 4.87 (mm) :
S t C a 4.87 2
=
= 0.0013< 0,1 : ung.
Dt
2200
* Kiem tra ap suat tnh toan cho phep :

SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
23
[ Ptt ] = 2.[ ]. h .( S t C a ) = 2.142.0.95.( 5.215 2) =0.394 > Ptt : ung.

Dt + ( S t C a )
2200 + ( 5.215 2 )
Vay : Be day thc cua than la St = 4.87 (mm).
Chon be day St=5mm
2 . ay va nap thiet b :
Chon ay va nap co dang la ellipise tieu chuan, co

g bang thep X18H10T.
Nhan thay: cong thc tnh toan be day than, ay va nap

chu ap suat trong la nh nhau. Nen chon be day cua ay va
nap la S = Sn = 5(mm).
Cac kch thc cua ay va nap ellipise tieu chuan, co
g(tai lieu tham khao [4(tap 2)]:
+ ng knh trong: Dt = 2200 (mm).
+ ht =550(mm).
+ Chieu cao g: hg = h = 25 (mm).
+Dien tch be mat trong: Say = 4.48 (m2).
3 . Bch ghep than, ay va nap :

Mat bch la bo phan quan trong dung e noi cac phan
cua thiet b cung nh noi cac bo phan khac vi thiet b.
Cac loai mat bch thng s dung:
+ Bch lien: la bo phan noi lien vi thiet b (han, uc
va ren). Loai bch nay chu yeu dung thiet b lam viec
vi ap suat thap va ap suat trung bnh.
+ Bch t do: chu yeu dung noi ong dan lam viec
nhiet o cao, e noi cac bo bang kim loai mau va hp
kim cua chung, ac biet la khi can lam mat bch bang
vat lieu ben hn thiet b.
+ Bch ren: chu yeu dung cho thiet b lam viec ap
suat cao.
Chon bch c ghep than, ay va nap lam bang thep
X18H10T, cau tao cua bch la bch lien khong co.
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

24
Theo tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 2)- trang 423], ng vi Dt

=2200(mm) va ap suat tnh toan Ptt = 0.23(N/mm2) ta chon bch
co cac thong so sau :
D
Dt
Db
D1
Do
h
Bu long
Z
db
m
m
(cai)
2200 2360 2300
2260
2215
40
27
56
Theo tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 2)- trang 170], chon so mam
gia hai mat bch la10 mam.Vay, so bch ghep than-ay-nap
la 6 bch.
o kn cua moi ghep bch chu yeu do vat em quyet nh.
em lam bang cac vat lieu mem hn so vi vat lieu bch. Khi
xiet bu long, em b bien dang va ien ay len cac cho go
ghe tren be mat cua bch. Vay, e am bao o kn cho thiet
b ta chon em la day amiang, co be day la 3(mm).
4 . ng knh cac ong dan Bch ghep

cac ong dan :
Bch c lam bang thep CT3 , cau tao cua bch la bch
lien khong co.
a . V tr nhap lieu :
Suat lng nhap lieu: QF = 5 (m3/h).
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
25
Chon van toc chat long nhap lieu (t chay t bon cao
v vao mam nhap lieu): vF = 0.2 (m/s).
ng knh ong nhap lieu: dF =
4.Q F
=
3600 . .v F
4. 5
= 0.094 (m).
3600 . .0.2
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong nhap lieu: dF = 0.1(m).

Tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 2)t434], chon chieu dai oan
ong noi e ghep mat bch: lF = 120 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan nhap lieu:
Dy
Dn
Db
D1
Bu
db
lon
g
Z
(cai
)
mm
100
205
108
170
148 14
16
4
b . Ong hi nh thap:
Suat lng hi nh thap: gd = 12404.22 (Kg/h).
Khoi lng rieng cua hi nh thap c tnh theo
cong thc (xac nh
tD = 100.220oC va yD = 0.997):
[18. y D + (1 y D ).60].273
h =
= 0.592 (Kg/m3).
22.4.( t D + 273)
Lu lng hi ra khoi thap: Qh =
gd
= 20953.07 (m3/h).
h
Chon van toc hi nh thap: vh = 30 (m/s).

ng knh ong dan hi: dh =
4.Qh
=
3600 . .v h
4.20953 .07
= 0.247
3600 . .30
(m).
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong dan hi: dh = 0.25 (m).

Tai lieu tham khao [4(tap 2)], chon chieu dai oan ong
noi e ghep mat bch: lh = 140 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan hi nh
thap:
Dy
Db
Dn
D1
Bu
long
d
Z
(
cai
)
(mm)
37
250
335
273
2
312
1
6
1
2
c . Ong hoan lu:

Suat lng hoan lu: Ghl =D.MD.R=175.47 . 2.9.18.21 =
9266.3 (Kg/h).
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
26
Khoi lng rieng cua chat long hoan lu, tra tai lieu
tham khao [4 (tap 1)]
tD = 100.22oC: hl = 958 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng chat long hoan lu: Qhl =
Ghl
= 9.67 (m3/h).
hl
Chon van toc chat long hoan lu (t chay t bo phan

tach long ngng tu vao thap): vhl = 0.4 (m/s).
ng knh ong hoan lu: dhl =
(m).
4.Qhl
=
3600 . .vhl
4.9.67
= 0.092
3600 . .0.4
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong hoan lu: dhl = 0.1 (m).
Tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 2)], chon chieu dai oan ong
noi e ghep mat bch: lhl = 120 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan hoan lu:
Dy
B
Dn
Db
D1
long
d
m
(cai)
100
205
108
170
148
14
6
4
d . Ong dan hi vao ay thap:
Suat lng hi vao ay thap: g1 = 20042.921 (Kg/h).
Khoi lng rieng cua hi vao ay thap c tnh theo
cong thc (xac nh
tW = 102.1oC va yW = 0.795:
[18. yW + (1 yW ).60].273
hd =
= 0.865 (Kg/m3).
22,4.( tW + 273)
Lu lng hi vao thap: Qhd =
g '1
= 23171 (m3/h).
hd
Chon van toc hi vao ay thap: vhd = 30 (m/s).

ng knh ong dan hi: dhd =
4.Qhl
=
3600 . .v hl
4.23171
= 0.256
3600 . .30
(m).
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong dan hi: dhd = 0.25 (m).
noi e ghep mat bch: lhd = 150 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan hi vao ay
thap:
Dy
Db
Dn
D1
Bu
long
d
b
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

27

(
cai
)
(mm)
1
250
335
273
370
312
22
1
2
e . Ong dan chat long ay thap:

Suat lng chat long vao noi un:
G1 =804.91*26.9 =21652.08 (Kg/h).
Khoi lng rieng cua chat long chat long vao noi un,
tra tai lieu tham khao [4(tap 1)] tW = 102.1oC : L = 958
(Kg/m3).
Lu lng chat long vao noi un: Q L =
G '1
= 22.6 (m3/h).
Chon van toc chat long vao noi un (chat long t

chay vao noi un):
vL = 0.8 (m/s).
ng knh ong dan chat long: dL=
4.Q L
=
3600 ..v L
4.22 .6
3600 . .0.8
=0.099(m).
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong dan: dL = 0.1 (m).
noi e ghep mat bch: lL = 130 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan chat long
ay thap:
D
Dy
D
D h
B long
D
n
d Z
b
(cai)
m
100
205
108
170
148
14
16
4
f . Ong dan chat long t noi un (san pham
ay):
Suat lng san pham ay: GW = W.MW =
59.819*30.6=1830.46(Kg/h).
Khoi lng rieng cua san pham ay, tra tai lieu tham
khao [4 (tap 1)]
tW= 102.1oC : W = 958 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng san pham ay: QW =
GW
= 1.91 (m3/h).
Chon van toc san pham ay (chat long t chay): vW =

0.08 (m/s).
ng knh ong dan san pham ay: dW=
4.QW
=
3600 . .vW
4.1.91
=0.091(m).
3600 . .0,08
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

28
Suy ra: chon ng knh ong dan: dW = 0.1 (m).

noi e ghep mat bch: lW = 100 (mm).
Cac thong so cua bch ghep ong dan san pham ay:
B
Dy
Dn
Db
D1
long
d
m
(cai)
100
205
108
170
148
14
6
4
5 . Tai treo va chan :
Tnh trong lng cua toan thap:
Khoi lng cua mot bch ghep than: (thep X18H10T:
X18H10T = 7900 (Kg/m3)).
m1 =
. D 2 Dt .h. X 18 H 10 T =
2
.( 2.36 2 2.2 2 )0.04 .7900 = 51.08(Kg).
Khoi lng cua mot mam: (thep X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900

(Kg/m3)).
2
m2 = .Dt .mm .0.9.X 18 H 10 T =
.2.22.0.0064.0.9.7900
4
=62.2(Kg).
Khoi lng cua than thap:
m3 =
.(D2ng D2t).Hthan . X18H10T = .(2.7 2 2.2 2 ).21 .12 .7900
4
= 21053.18 (Kg).
Khoi lng cua ay (nap) thap:
m4 = Say . ay . X18H10T = 4.48 . 0.005 . 7900 = 86.96 (Kg).
Khoi lng cua toan thap: m =2.
6.m1+50.m2+m3+2.m4=24647.72(Kg).
Suy ra trong lng cua toan thap: P = m.g = 241794.13(N).
Chan thap:
Chon chan : thap c tren bon chan. Tai trong
cho phep tren mot chan: Gc =P/4=241794.13/4 =6.0448.5.104
(N).
e am bao o an toan cho thiet b, ta chon: Gc = 6.104
(N).
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

29
Truc thie
t b
Theo a
y
thie
t b
Cac kch thc cua chan : (tnh bang mm)

L
300
B
240
B1
260
B2
370
H
450
H
226
s
18
L
110
d
34
Tai treo:
Chon tai treo: tai treo c gan tren than thap e gi
cho thap khoi b dao ong trong ieu kien ngoai canh. Ta
chon bon tai treo, tai trong cho phep tren mot tai treo la Gt
= 6.045.104 (N).
e am bao o an toan cho thiet b, ta chon: Gt = 6.104
(N).
Chon tam lot tai treo khi ghep vao than co kch thc
sau:
+ Chieu dai tam lot: H = 740 (mm).
+ Chieu rong tam lot: B = 550 (mm).
+Be day tam lot la SH = 10 (mm).
Cac kch thc cua tai treo: (tnh bang mm)

L
230
B
200
B1
205
H
350
S
12
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

30
l
100
a
25
d
34
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

31
CHNG IV: TNH TOAN THIET B

TRUYEN NHIET- THIET B PHU.
I . CAC THIET B TRUYEN NHIET:
Can bang nhiet lng cho toan thap chng cat:

QF + Q = QW + QD + Qnt + Qm
(IV.1)
Trong o:
Qnt : nhiet lng ngng tu hi san pham nh ngng tu
thanh long. Chon hi san pham nh ngng tu hoan toan
thanh long.
Qnt = D.(R+1).MD . rD
, (KJ/h).
Xac nh rD (an nhiet hoa hi cua san pham nh):
Tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], tD = 100.22oC ta co:
An nhiet hoa hi cua nc: rN = 2256.254 (KJ/kg).
An nhiet hoa hi cua acid: ra = 406.042 (KJ/kg).
x D =0.995*18/(0.995*18+(1-0.995)*60)=0.984
Suy ra: rD = rN . x D +(1- x D ).ra = 2256.254*0.984+(10.984).406.042
= 2226.65 (KJ/kg).
Vay: Qnt =175.47 .(2.9+1) . 18.21.2226.65=27747853.06 (KJ/h).
QF : nhiet lng do hon hp acid nhap lieu mang vao
thap(nhiet lng gia nhiet dong nhap lieu en trang thai
long soi).
QF = GF .HF =GF .cF .(tF to )
(KJ/h).
Chon nhiet o chuan: to = 20oC.
( tF+to)/2=(100.52+20)/2=60.26 oC , tra tai lieu tham
khao [4 (tap 1)], ta co nhiet dung rieng cua acid: ca =2207
(J/kg.o).
Suy ra: cF = x F .4190 +(1- x F ).Ca
=0.775.4190+(1-0.775).2207 = 3743.825(J/kg.o).
Vay: QF =5025.86.3743.825.(100.52-20) = 1515059.514 (KJ/h).
QW : nhiet lng do san pham ay mang ra t noi un.
QW = GW .HW =W .MW.cW .(tW to )
,(KJ/h).
(tw+to)/2=(102.1+20)/2=61.05
Tra tap1 Ca=2207 (J/kg.o)
Chon nhiet o chuan: to = 20oC.
xW =0.7*18/(0.7*18+0.3*60)=0.412
cW = xW .4190+ (1- xW ).Ca=0.412*4190+(10.412).2207=3023.996 (J/kg.o).
Vay: QW =59.819*30.6.3023.996.(102.1-20)=454448.783(KJ/h).
QD : nhiet lng do san pham nh mang ra t bo
phan tach hoan lu.
QD = GD .HD =D.MD .cD .(tD to )
,(KJ/h).
o
Chon nhiet o chuan: to = 20 C.
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
32
t D + t o 100 .22 + 20
=
= 60.11oC , tra tai lieu tham khao [4
2
2
(tap 1)], ta co nhiet dung rieng cua acid: ca =2207 (J/kg.o).

Suy ra: cD = x D .4190 +(1- x D ).Ca
=0.984*4190+(1-0.984).2207 = 4158.27 (J/kg.o).
Vay: T (IV.1), ta c:
QD = 175.47*18.21*4158.27 .(100.22-20) =1065880.148 (KJ/h).
Qm : nhiet lng ton that ra moi trng xung quanh.
Chon: Qm = 0,05.Q
Vay: nhiet lng can cung cap cho noi un ay
thap:
Q =
1
0,95
.(QW + QD + Qnt QF )
= 0,95 (27747853.06 -1515059.514+454448.783+1065880.148)

= 29213813.13 (KJ/h) =8115kw.
Chon: + Nhiet o nguyen lieu ban au: tF = 28oC.
+ Nhiet o san pham nh sau khi lam nguoi: tD = 35oC.
+ Nhiet o san pham ay sau khi trao oi nhiet vi
nguyen lieu ban au: tW = 60oC.
1 . Thiet b ngng tu san pham nh:
Chon thiet b ngng tu vo ong loai TH at nam ngang.

Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch
thc ong: 57x3, chieu dai ong la L = 6(m).
Chon nc lam lanh i trong ong vi nhiet o au: t1 =
o
28 C, nhiet o cuoi: t2 = 50oC.
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua nc lam lanh c tra tai
lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh ttbN =
t1 + t 2
=39oC:
2
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cN = 4.175 (KJ/kg.o).

+ Khoi lng rieng: N = 992 (Kg/m3).
+ o nht ong lc: N = 0.656.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: N = 0.642 (W/moK).
a . Suat lng nc can dung e ngng tu san
pham nh:
GN =
Qnt
27747853.0 6
=
= 57.69 (Kg/s).
3600 .c N .(t 2 t1 ) 3600 .4.175 .(50 28 )
b . Xac nh be mat truyen nhiet :

Be mat truyen nhiet c xac nh theo phng trnh
truyen nhiet:
Qnt
Ftb = K .t
,(m2)
log
Vi: + K : he so truyen nhiet.
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
33
(IV.2).
+ tlog : nhiet o trung bnh logarit.

Xac nh tlog :
Chon kieu truyen nhiet ngc chieu, nen:
t log =
(100 .22 28 ) (100 .22 50 )

100 .22 28
Ln
100 .22 50
=66.56(oK).
Xac nh he so truyen nhiet K:

He so truyen nhiet K c tnh theo cong thc:
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
N
A
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.3).
Vi: + N : he so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong

(W/m2.oK).
+ A : he so cap nhiet cua hi ngng tu (W/m2.oK).
+ rt : nhiet tr cua thanh ong va lp cau.
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong:
(tr110tap10)
Chon van toc nc i trong ong: vN = 0.5 (m/s).
So ong trong mot ng nc:
n=
GN
4
57.69
4
.
=
.
=60 (ong).
N .d 2 tr .v N
992 .0.0512.0.5
Chuan so Reynolds :
Re N =
v N . d tr . N
0.5.0.051 .992
0.656 .10 3
=38560.98> 10000 : che o
chay roi, cong thc xac nh chuan so Nusselt co dang:

Nu N = 0,021 . l . Re N
0 ,8
Pr N
0 , 43
.(
Pr N 0, 25
)
Pr w
Trong o:
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc vao ReN va ty le
chieu dai ong vi ng knh ong:ReN=38560.98 va
L
3
=
= 58 .8 ,nen
d tr
0.051
=1.
+ PrN : chuan so Prandlt cua nc 39oC, nen PrN = 4.31.

+ Prw : chuan so Prandlt cua nc nhiet o trung bnh
cua vach.
Chon :Nhiet o trung bnh cua
vach ngoai tW1 =550C
,vach trong tW2=500C
tWtb=(tW1 +tW2)/2 = 52.5
nen PrN= 3.15
Suy ra: Nu N = 0.021 *1 * 38560 .98 0.8 * 4.31 0.43 (4.31 / 3.15 ) 0.25 =198.61
He so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong:
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
34
Nu N .N
= 198.61*0.642/0.051=2500.17 W/m2 o
d tr
* Nhiet tai qua thanh ong va lp cau:

t
+ rt = + r
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 3 (mm).
He so dan nhiet cua thep khong g: t = 17.5 (W/moK).
Nhiet tr trung bnh cua lp ban trong va ngoai ong
ong vi nc sach: r = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/2692.31 (m2.oK/W).
* He so cap nhiet cua hi ngng tu:
(tap 10 tr119)
San pham nh chu yeu la nc nen:
= 0.725 A * (
(t ngt
r
) 0.25
tW 1 ) d ng
An nhiet ngng tu: rD = rN = 2256.254 (KJ/kg).

tm = ( tngt + tW1)/2= (100.22+55)/2=77.61oC
ta co A=167.327
HN =0.725*167.327*(2256.254*103/(100.22-55)*57)0.25
=1173.4 W/m2 o
T (IV.3):
K =
1
1
1
1
+
+
2500 .17 2692 .31 1173 .4
= 615.9(W/m2.oK).
T (IV.2), be mat truyen nhiet trung bnh:

Ftb =
27747853.0 6 .1000
= 188 (m2).
3600 .615 .9.66 .56
Suy ra chieu dai ong truyen nhiet :

L=
188
0.057 + 0.051
.60 .
2
So vi L=6 (m) ta co
= 18.15(m).
L' 18 .15
=
L
6
=3lan.
Khi o so ong tang len 3 lan: n=60*3 =180 (ong) ~

chon n=187(ong).
* Kiem tra he so cap nhiet cua ru khi co ke en s
anh hng cua s sap sep, bo tr ong. Chon cach xep
ong thang hang, bo tr theo dang luc giac eu,vay vi 187
ong th ta sep c 31 hnh luc giac eu co cung tam.
Khi o: chieu dai ong truyen nhiet:
188
= 5.93 ( m).
L= .187 . 0.057 + 0.051
< 6(m) : thoa.
2
Vay : Thiet b ngng tu san pham nh la thiet b

truyen nhiet vo ong gom n=187(ong), dai L=6(m).
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

35
Ong c bo tr theo hnh luc giac eu. Nen ta co so

ong tren ng cheo hnh luc giac: b = 63(ong). Chon bc
ong: t=0.0684 (m).
ng knh vo thiet b: Dv = t.(2no
+1)=0.0684*(2*31+1)=4.3 (m)
2 . Noi un gia nhiet san pham ay:

Chon noi un gia nhiet san pham ay la noi un Kettle,
ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch thc
ong 57x3.
Chon hi ot la hi nc 2 at, i trong ong. Tra tai lieu
tham khao [4(tap1)], ta co:
+ Nhiet o soi: tsN = 120oC.
+ An nhiet ngng tu: rN = 2239.51 (KJ/kg).
San pham ay trc khi vao noi un co nhiet o la
t1 = 100oC, nhiet o ra la tW = 102.1oC.
a . Suat lng hi nc can dung :
Lng nhiet can cap cho ay thap: Q = 29213813.13
(KJ/h) =8115kw.
Suat lng hi nc can dung:
GhN =
Qd
8115
=
= 3.624 (Kg/s).
rN
2239 .51

truyen nhiet:
Qd
Ftb = K .t
,(m2)
(IV.12).
log
Xac nh tlog :
t log =
(120 100 ) (120 102 .1)

= 18 .93 o
120 100
( K).
Ln
120 102 .1

K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
N
D
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.13).
Vi: + N : he so cap nhiet cua hi nc (W/m2.oK).

+ D : he so cap nhiet cua san pham ay (W/m2.oK).
Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua hi nc:
Chon
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
36
nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi hi nc(trong ong)

tw1=115o C
nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi san pham ay
(ngoai ong) tw2=105o C
nhiet o trung bnh tm =(115+105)/2=110o C.
tra bang trang 120 tap 10 ta co A=183.5
He so cap nhiet cua hi nc c xac nh theo cong
thc:
rN
= 0,725 . A.
(t sN t w1 ).d tr
0 , 25
2239 .51 .1000
= 0,725 .183 .5.

(120 115 ). 0.051
0 , 25
=7242.31(W/m2.oK).
rt =
t
+ r1 + r2
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 3 (mm).

He so dan nhiet cua thep khong g: t = 17,5 (W/moK).
Nhiet tr trung bnh cua lp ban trong ong vi nc
sach: r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhiet tr lp cau pha san pham ay: r2
=1/5800(m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/1838.77 (m2.oK/W).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua san pham ay:
He so cap nhiet cua san pham ay c xac nh
theo cong thc (che o soi sui bot va xem san pham
ay nh la nc):
4186 ,8
.39.p0,6.(105 102.1)2,33
3600
Vi: + p: ap suat e at nhiet o soi cua san pham

ay, khi o
p = 1 at = 105 (N/m2).
Suy ra: D = 242120.55(W/m2.oK)
T (IV.13):
K =
1
= 1598 .4
1
1
1
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
12878 .85 1838 .77 242120 .55

Ftb =
8115 .1000
= 268.19 (m2).
1598 .4.18 .93
Chon so ong truyen nhiet: n = 187 (ong).

Chieu dai ong truyen nhiet:
L
268 .19
=
0.051 + 0.057
8.45(m).
.187 .
2
Chon: L = 9(m)
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

37
Vay: noi un gia nhiet san pham ay la thiet b

truyen nhiet vo - ong vi so ong n =187, chieu dai ong
truyen nhiet L = 9(m).
Ong c bo tr theo hnh luc giac eu. Nen ta co so
ong tren ng cheo hnh luc giac: b = 63(ong). Chon bc
ong: t=0.0684 (m).
ng knh vo thiet b: Dv = t.(2no
+1)=0.0684*(2*31+1)=4.3 (m)
3.Thiet b trao oi nhiet san pham nh

va nhap lieu:
Chon thiet b thiet b trao oi nhiet gia nhap lieu va
san pham nh la thiet b truyen nhiet ong long ong.
Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch thc
ong trong: 38x2 ; kch thc ong ngoai: 57x3.
Dong nhap lieu i trong ong 38x2 (ong trong) vi nhiet
o au: tF = 28oC.
San pham nh i trong ong 57x3 (ong ngoai)vi nhiet
o au: td = 100.22oC, nhiet o cuoi: td = 60oC.
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua san pham nh c tra
tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh
ttbD =
t ' D +t D
=80.11oC:
2
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cD = 4.195 (KJ/kg.o).

+ Khoi lng rieng: D = 971.8 (Kg/m3).
+ o nht ong lc: D = 0.355.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: D = 0.675 (W/moK).
a . Nhiet o dong nhap lieu sau khi trao oi nhiet
vi san pham ay:
Suat lng san pham nh:
GD = D.MD = 175.47.18.21 = 3195.31 (Kg/h).
Lng nhiet can tai:
Qt =
GD
3195 .31
.cD.(tD-tD) =
.4.195.(100.22-60)=149.76(KW).
3600
3600
28oC, ta xem nhiet dung rieng cua nhap lieu la hang

so, hay nhiet dung rieng cua acid ca = 2.04 (KJ/kg.o).
Suy ra: cF = 4.18 . x F +(1- x F ). ca = 4.18.0.775+(1-0.775).2.04
= 3. 699 (KJ/kg.o).
Nhiet o nhap lieu sau khi trao oi nhiet vi san pham
ay:
Qt
149 .76
+ t 'F =
+ 28
5025 .86
tF = cF .GF
= 57oC.
3.699 .
3600
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

38
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua san pham nh c tra

ttbF =
t" F +
t'F
2
o
5
7
=
+
2
8
2
=
4
2 .5
C:
+ Khoi lng rieng: F = 998.17 (Kg/m3).

+ o nht ong lc: F = 0.65.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ He so dan nhiet: F = 0.51 (W/moK).
truyen nhiet:
Qt
Ftb = K .t
,(m2)
(IV.17).
log
Xac nh tlog :
t log =
(100 .22 57 ) (60 28 )

= 37 .33 o
100 .22 57
( K).
Ln
60 28

K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
F
W
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.18).
Vi: + F : he so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu

(W/m2.oK).
+ W : he so cap nhiet cua san pham nh (W/m2.oK).
Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu
ong trong:
Van toc dong nhap lieu i trong ong:
Q
4
5
4
vF = F .
=
.
=1.53(m/s).
2
3600. .d tr 3600. .0.0342
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
1.53 .0.034 .998 .17
Re F = F tr F =
= 79884 .31 > 104 : che o chay
F
0.65 .10 3
roi, cong thc xac nh chuan so Nusselt co dang:
Nu F = 0.021 . l . Re F
0 ,8
Pr F
0 , 43
.(
Pr F 0, 25
)
Pr w 2
Trong o:
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
39
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc vao ReF va ty le

chieu dai ong vi ng knh ong: chon l =1.
+ PrF : chuan so Prandlt cua dong nhap lieu 42.5oC,
nen
PrF =
F .c F
0.65 .10 3.3699
=
= 4.71.
F
0.51
cF = 4.19 . x F +(1- x F ). ca=4.19*0.775+(1-0.775)*2.2288=

3.75KJ/ Kg o
+ Prw2 : chuan so Prandlt cua dong nhap lieu nhiet
o trung bnh cua vach.
Chon nhiet o tiep xuc vach trong tw2 = 58 ,vach ngoai
tw1 =70
ttbw =(58 +70)/2 =64oC
+ o nht ong lc: F = 0.462.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Prw2
F .c F
0.462 .10 3.3750
=
=
=2.84
F
0.61
Suy ra: NuF =0.021*1*79884.310.84.170.43 *(4.17/2.84)0.25=356.9

He so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu trong ong:
nl
Nu F .F
= 356.9*0.5/0.034=5248.59(W/m2.oK)
d tr

+ rt =
t
+ r1 + r2
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 2(mm).

He so dan nhiet cua thep khong g: t = 17,5 (W/moK).
sach:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhiet tr lp cau pha san pham nh: r2 = 1/5800
2 o
(m . K/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/2054.66 (m2.oK/W).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua san pham nh ngoai
ong nho:
Van toc nc i trong ong ngoai:
GD
4
3195.31
4
vW =
.
=
.
2
2
2
3600. D .( D tr d ng ) 3600.971.8 .(0.051 0.0382 )
=1.01(m/s).
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0.051- 0.038 = 0.013
(m).
Chuan so Reynolds :
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
40

Re D =
v D d td . D
1.01 .0.013 .971 .8

= 35942 .91 > 104 : che o chay
0.355 .10 3

Nu D = 0,021 . l . Re D
0 ,8
Pr D
0 , 43
.(
Pr D 0 , 25
)
Pr w1
Trong o:
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc vao ReW va ty le
chieu dai ong vi ng knh ong,chon l =1.
+ PrD : chuan so Prandlt cua san pham nh 80.11oC
PrD =
D .c D
= 0.355.10-3*4195/0.675=2.2
D
Prw1 =2.81
Suy ra: NuD =0.021*1*35942.910.8 2.20.43 *(2.2/2.81)0.25=122.29
He so cap nhiet cua san pham ay trong ong ngoai:
Nu D .D
= 122.29*0.657/0.013=6180.2(W/m2.oK)
d td
1
K =
= 1191 .85
1
1
1
T (IV.18):
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
5248 .59 2054 .66 6180 .2

Ftb =
149 .76 .1000

= 3.37 (m2).
1191 .85 .37 .33

L
3.37
= 29 .8
0.038 + 0.034
(m).
.
2
Chon: L = 32(m).
Vay: thiet b trao oi nhiet gia dong nhap lieu la
thiet b truyen nhiet ong long ong vi chieu dai ong
truyen nhiet L = 32(m), chia thanh 8 day, moi day dai 4 (m).
4 .thiet b gia nhiet nhap lieu :

Chon thiet b gia nhiet nhap lieu la thiet b truyen
nhiet ong long ong. Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang
thep X18H10T, kch thc ong trong:38x2; kch thc ong
ngoai: 57x3.
Dong nhap lieu i trong ong 38x2 (ong trong) vi nhiet
o au: tF =57oC ,nhiet o cuoi: tF =100.52oC.
Chon hi ot la hi nc 1.5 at, i trong ong 57x3(ong
ngoai). Tra tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], ta co:
+ Nhiet o soi: tsN = 110.05oC.
+ An nhiet ngng tu: rN = 2219.32 (KJ/kg).
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

41
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua dong nhap lieu c tra

ttbF =
t" F +
tF
=78.76 C:
2
o
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cF = 3.767 (KJ/kg.o).

+ Khoi lng rieng: F =974.86 (Kg/m3).
+ o nht ong lc: F = 0.377.10-3 (N.s/m2).
a . Suat lng hi nc can dung :
Lng nhiet can tai cung cap cho dong nhap lieu:
Qc =
GF
5025 .896
.cF.(tF tF) =
.3.767.(100.52 -57)=228.87
3600
3600
(KW).
Suat lng hi nc can dung:
GhN =
Qc
228 .87
=
= 0.1 (Kg/s).
rN
2219 .32

truyen nhiet:
Qt
Ftb = K .t
,(m2)
(IV.22).
log
Xac nh tlog :
t log =
(110 .05 57 ) (110 .05 100 .52 )

= 25 .35 o
110 .05 57
( K).
Ln
110 .05 100 .52

K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
F
N
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.23).
Vi: + F : he so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu

(W/m2.oK).
+ N : he so cap nhiet cua hi nc (W/m2.oK).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu trong
ong nho:
Van toc dong nhap lieu i trong ong :
Q
4
5
4
vF = F .
=
.
=1.53(m/s).
2
3600. .d ng 3600. .0.0342
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
42
Chuan so Reynolds :
Re F =
v F d td . F
1.53 .0.034 .974 .86

= 35680 .42 > 104 : che o chay
0.377 .10 3

Nu F = 0.021 . l . Re F
0,8
Pr F
0 , 43
.(
Pr F 0, 25
)
Pr w 2
Trong o:
+ l : he so hieu chnh phu thuoc vao ReW va ty le
chieu dai ong vi ng knh ong ,chon l =1.
+ PrF : chuan so Prandlt cua dong nhap lieu 78.76oC,
nen
PrF =
c F .F
3767 .0.377 .10 3

= 2.29
0.62
Chon
tw2 =95o C: nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi dong nhap
lieu
tw1 =105o C: nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi hi nc
ttbw =(95+105)/2=100oC
+ Nhiet dung rieng: cF = 3.825 (KJ/kg.o).
+ Khoi lng rieng: F =958 (Kg/m3).
+ o nht ong lc: F = 0.295.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Prw2 =
c F .F
3825 .0.295 .10 3

=1.797
0.628
Suy ra:
NuF =0.021*1*35680.420.8 *2.290.43 *(2.29/1.797)0.25 =139.7
He so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu trong ong nho:
Nu F .F
= 139.7*0.628/0.034=2580.45(W/m2.oK).
d td

+ rt =
t
+ r1 + r2
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 2(mm).

He so dan nhiet cua thep khong g: t = 17.5 (W/moK).
sach:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhiet tr lp cau pha nhap lieu: r2 = 1/5800 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/2054.66 (m2.oK/W).
* Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua hi nc ngoai ong
nho:
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0.051- 0.038 = 0.013
(m)
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
43
He so cap nhiet cua hi nc c xac nh theo cong

thc:
rN
N= 0,725 . A.
(t sN t w ).d td
0 , 25
2219 .32 .1000
= 0,725 . A.
(110 .05 100 ). 0.013
0 , 25
Vi: + A : he so phu thuoc vao tnh chat vat ly nc

theo nhiet o, c tra tai lieu tham khao [2]
tm=(110.05+(105+95)/2)/2=105.025 ta c A=181.27
N= 7889.89 (W/m2.oK).
T (IV.23):
K =
1
1
1
1
=999.03(W/m2.oC).
+
+
2580 .45 2054 .66 7889 .89

Ftb =
228 .87 .1000

=9.04 (m2).
999 .03 .25 .35

L
9.04
= 79 .9
0.038 + 0.034
(m).
.
2
Chon: L = 92(m)
Vay: thiet b gia nhiet dong nhap lieu la thiet b
truyen nhiet ong long ong vi chieu dai ong truyen
nhiet L =92 (m), chia thanh 23 day, moi day dai 4(m).
II. TNH BAO ON CUA THIET B:
Trong qua trnh hoat ong cua thap, do thap tiep xuc
vi khong kh nen nhiet lng ton that ra moi trng xung
quanh ngay cang ln. e thap hoat ong on nh, ung
vi cac thong so a thiet ke, ta phai tang dan lng hi
ot gia nhiet cho noi un e thap khong b nguoi (nhat la
san pham nh, anh hng en hieu suat cua thap). Khi
o, chi ph cho hi ot se tang.
e thap khong b nguoi ma khong tang chi ph hi ot,
ta thiet ke lp cach nhiet bao quanh than thap.
Chon vat lieu cach nhiet cho than thap la amiang co
be day la a .Tra tai lieu tham khao [2], he so dan nhiet
cua amiang la a = 0.151 (W/m.oK).
Nhiet lng ton that ra moi trng xung quanh:
Qm = 0,05.Qd = 0.05.8115 = 405.57 (KW).
Nhiet tai mat mat rieng:
qm =
Q m a
=
.(t v1 t v 2 ) = a .t v (W/m2).
f tb a
a
(IV.27)
Vi: + tv1 : nhiet o cua lp cach nhiet tiep xuc vi

be mat ngoai cua thap.
+ tv1 : nhiet o cua lp cach nhiet tiep xuc vi khong
kh.
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
44
+ tv : hieu so nhiet o gia hai be mat cua lp

cach nhiet.
Nhan thay: qm = const, nen chon tv = tmax = tay -tkk ,tkk =
28oC.
Suy ra tv = 100.52 28 = 72.52oC.
+ ftb : dien tch be mat trung bnh cua thap (ke ca lp
cach nhiet).
ftb = .H.Dtb = .H.(Dt + Sthan + a)
T (IV.27), ta co phng trnh:
405 .57 .1000
0,151
=
.72 .52
.21 .695 .( 2.2 + 0.005 + a )
a
Suy ra: a = 0.0041(m).

Vay: chon a = 5(mm).
III . TNH TOAN BM NHAP LIEU:

1 . Tnh chieu cao bon cao v:
Chon ng knh ong dan nguyen lieu (nhap lieu): d =
50 (mm), o nham cua ong =0,1(mm).
ttbF =
tF + t'F
= 64.26 oC:
2
+ Khoi lng rieng: F = 984.74(Kg/m3)

+ o nht ong lc: F = 0.46.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Van toc cua dong nhap lieu trong ong dan:
vF =
QF
4
5
4
.
=
.
= 0.7 (m/s).
2
3600 . .d
3600 .0.05 2
a . Ton that ng ong dan:
v 2
l
h1 = 1 . 1 + 1 . F
(m).
d1
2. g
Vi: + 1 : he so ma sat trong ng ong.

+ l1 : chieu dai ng ong dan, chon l1 = 20(m).
+ d1 : ng knh ong dan, d1 = d = 0.05(m).
+ 1 : tong he so ton that cuc bo.
+ vF : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan, vF =
0.7(m/s).
* Xac nh 1 :
Chuan so Reynolds cua dong nhap lieu trong ong:
Re 1 =
v F .d 1 .F
0.7.0.05 .984 .74

= 77066.6
0.46 .10 3
Theo tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)tr378], ta co:
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

45
+ Chuan so Reynolds ti han:
d
Regh1= 6. 1

50
= 6.
0,1
=7289,343
+ Chuan so Reynolds khi bat au xuat hien vung
nham:
d
Ren1= 220 . 1

50
= 220 .
0,1
=23.9.104.
Suy ra: Regh1 < Re1< Ren1: khu vc chay qua o, khi o (tai
lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)]):
100
1= 0.1.
1.46 . d + Re
1
1
0 , 25
= 0.0255
* Xac nh 1:
He so ton that cua dong nhap lieu qua:
+ 10 cho uon cong: u1=10.1,1 = 11.
+ 3 van (van thang): v1= 3.0.79 =2.37.
+ 1 lu lng ke: l1 = 0 (khong ang ke).
Suy ra: 1 = u1 + v1 + t 1+ m1 + l1 = 13.37.
Vay:Ton that ng ong dan: h1=
2
20
0.7
+13 .37 .
0.0255 .
0.05
2.9.81
=0.623(m).
b . Ton that ng ong dan trong thiet b trao

oi nhiet:
v 2
l
h2 = 2 . 2 + 2 . 2
(m).
d2
2. g
+ l2 : chieu dai ng ong dan, l2 = 32(m).
+ d2 : ng knh ong dan, d2 = 0.034(m).
+ v2 : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan, v2
=1.53(m/s).
* Xac nh 2 :
Chuan so Reynolds cua dong nhap lieu:
Re2= 79884.31
Theo tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)], ta co:
d
Regh= 6. h

34
= 6.
0. 1
=4691.05.
nham:
Ren= 220 .
dh
= 220 .
34
0
.1
=155001.7.
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

46
2= 0.1.1.46 .
d2
100
Re 2
0 , 25
= 0.029
* Xac nh 2:
+ 9 cho ong cong quay ngc: q2=9*0.7 = 3.6.
+ 1 lan co hep: c2 = 0.2
+ 1 lan m rong: m2 =0.16
Suy ra: 2 = q2 + c2+ m 2 =3.96
Vay:Ton that ng ong dan trong thiet b trao oi
nhiet: h2= 0.0299 .
2
32
1.53
+ 3.96 .
0.034
2.9.81
=4.67(m).
c . Ton that ng ong dan trong thiet b gia

nhiet nhap lieu:
v2
l
h3 = 3 . 3 + 3 . 3
(m).
d3
2.g
+ l3 : chieu dai ng ong dan, l3 = 92(m).
+ d3 : ng knh ong dan, d3 = 0.038(m).
+ v3 : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan, v3 =
1.53(m/s).
* Xac nh 3 :
Chuan so Reynolds cua dong nhap lieu Re3=35680.42
d
Regh= 6. h

= 6.
34
0
.1
=4691.05.
nham:
d
Ren= 220 . h

34
= 220 .
0.1
=155001.7.
0 , 25
100
3= 0.1.
1.46 . d + Re
3
3
= 0.029
* Xac nh 3:
+ 22 cho ong cong quay ngc: q3=22.0.7 = 15.4.
+ 1 lan co hep: c2 = 0.2.
+ 1 lan m rong: m2 =0.16
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
47
Suy ra: 3 = q3 + c3+ m 3 =15.76.

Vay:Ton that ng ong dan trong thiet b gia nhiet:
h3= 0.0299 .
2
92
1.53
+15 .76 .
0.034
2.9.81
=11.52(m).
Chon : + Mat cat (1-1) la mat thoang chat long trong

bon cao v.
+ Mat cat (2-2) la mat cat tai v tr nhap lieu thap.
Ap dung phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) va (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v1
v2
z1 +
+
= z2 +
+
+hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2.g
2.g
P P v v1
hay z1 = z2 + 2 1 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
Vi: + z1: o cao mat thoang (1-1) so vi mat at, hay

xem nh la chieu cao bon cao v Hcv = z1.
+ z2: o cao mat thoang (2-2) so vi mat at, hay xem
nh la chieu cao t v tr nhap lieu ti mat at:
z2 = hchan + hay + (Nchng+1) .(h + mam )
= 0.226+0.575 + 13(0.4+0.0064)= 6.0842 (m).
+ P1 : ap suat tai mat thoang (1-1), chon P1 = 1 at.
+ P2 : ap suat tai mat thoang (2-2).
Xem P=P2 P1 =Ncat .htl = 37 . 500.71 = 18526.27 (N/m2).
+ v1 : van toc tai mat thoang (1-1), xem v1 = 0(m/s).
+ v1 : van toc tai v tr nhap lieu, v1 = vF = 0.2 (m/s).
+ hf1-2 : tong ton that trong ong t (1-1) en (2-2):
hf1-2 = h1 + h2 + h3 = 0.623+4.67+11.52 = 16.813(m).
2
Vay: Chieu cao bon cao v: Hcv

=6.0842 +
P P v v1
= z2 + 2 1 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
18526 .27
0. 2 2 0
+
+ 16.813
984 .74 .9.81
2.9.81
= 24.82(m).
Chon Hcv = 25(m).
2 . Chon bm:
Lu lng nhap lieu: QF = 5(m3/h).

Chon bm co nang suat la Qb = 5.2 (m3/h). chon ong hut
, ay 38x2.
tai lieu tham khao [4 (tap 1)] ng vi nhiet o trung bnh tF
= 28 oC:
+ o nht ong lc: F = 0.857.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong hut va ay:
4.Qb
4.5.
=
vh = v d =
= 1.53(m/s).
2
3600 . .0.034 2
3600 . .d h
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY
48
Tong tr lc trong ong hut va ong ay:

lh + ld
vh 2
+ h + d .
hhd = .
dh
2.g
Vi: + lh : chieu dai ong hut, chon lh = 2 (m).
+ ld : chieu dai ong ay, chon ld = 26 (m).
+ h : tong ton that cuc bo trong ong hut.
+ d : tong ton that cuc bo trong ong ay.
+ : he so ma sat trong ong hut va ong ay.
* Xac nh :
Chuan so Reynolds cua dong nhap lieu:
Re=
v h .d h .F
1.53 .0.034 .1005 .17

=61013.94.
0.857 .10 3

d
Regh= 6. h

34
= 6.
0. 1
=4691.05.
nham:
d
Ren= 220 . h

34
= 220 .
0.1
=155001.7.
0 , 25
100
3= 0.1.
1.46 . d + Re
3
3
= 0.029
* Xac nh h:
He so ton that cuc bo trong ong hut qua:
+ 1 lan vao mieng thu nho: t = 0.2.
Suy ra: h = t =0.2.
* Xac nh d:
He so ton that cuc bo trong ong ay qua:
+ 2 lan uon goc: u =2.1.6 = 3.2.
Suy ra: h = u =3.2.
Vay:Ton that trong ong hut va ong ay:
hhd = 0.026 .
2
2 + 26
1.53
+ 0.2 + 3.2 .
0.034
2.9.81
=2.96(m).
Chon : + Mat cat (1-1) la mat thoang chat long trong

bon cha nguyen lieu.
+ Mat cat (2-2) la mat thoang chat long trong bon cao
v.
Ap dung phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) va (2-2):
z1 +
2
2
P1
P2
v
v
+ 1 + Hb= z2 +
+ 2 +hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2.g
2.g
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

49
Vi: + z1: o cao mat thoang (1-1) so vi mat at(chon

=2m).
+ z2: o cao mat thoang (2-2) so vi mat at.
+ v1,v2 : van toc tai mat thoang (1-1) va(2-2), xem v1=v2=
0(m/s).
+ hf1-2 =hhd: tong ton that trong ong t (1-1) en (2-2).
+ Hb : cot ap cua bm.
Suy ra: Hb = (z2 z1) + hhd = (25-2) +2.96 =25.96(m.chat
long)
Chon hieu suat cua bm: b = 0,8.
Cong suat thc te cua bm: Nb =
Qb H b F .g
5.25 .96 .1005 .17 .9.81
=
3600 .b
3600 .0.8
=444.42(W)=0.659(hp)
Tom lai: e am bao thap hoat ong lien tuc ta chon
2 bm li tam loai 1.5(0)-4x2(3) v Qb = 5 (m3/h)
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

50
CHNG V : GIA THANH THIET

B.
TNH S BO GIA THANH CUA THIET B:
Lng thep X18H10T can dung:

G1 = 50.m2+ m3+ 2.m4 = 50.62.2+21053.18+2.86.96=
24337.1(Kg).
Lng thep CT3 can dung:
G2 = Gbch ghep than + Gbch ghep ong dan = 2. 6 .51.08 +(2.4. .

(0.2052-0.12).0.014 + 2.2.
. (0.372-0.252) . .0.022). 7850 =
675.4082(Kg).
So lng bulong can mua:
n = 56*6 +12*2+4*4 = 376 (bulong).
The tch vat lieu cach nhiet can dung:
V = .(Dt + St ). a .H = .(2.2 + 0.005).0.005.21.695 =
0.751(m3).
Chieu dai ong dan:
* Ong t 31-50 mm: L1=l1 +Lb +LTBTN +LTBGN
= 20+28 + 32 + 92 =172 (m).
Ong 100mm:chon ong dan hi nh va ay
thap: 10(m).
Ong >=50mm: L2 =Ldn +LNT +LND+LTBTDN+LTBGN
=10+ 6*187+9*187+32+92=2939(m)
Knh quan sat: ng knh la:100(mm), day 5(mm).
S = 2. 0,12 = 0,0157(m2).
4
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

51
Vat lieu
Thep
X18H10T
So
lng
24337.1
(kg)
675.40
Thep CT3
Bulong
Vat lieu
cach nhiet
Ong dan 3150 mm
Ong dan
>=50mm
Bm
Ap ke t
ong
Nhiet ke
ien tr t ghi
Lu lng ke
(>=50mm)
Knh quan sat
day 5mm
Van thep
>=50mm
Van thep (3150)mm
Racco noi
ong
82 (kg)
376
(bulong)
0.751
3
(m )
172 (m)
2939
(m)
0.659x2
1 (cai)
3 (cai)
2 (cai)
6.0.015
7 (m2)
5 (cai)
8 (cai)
8 (cai)
Tong cong
n ga
50000
(/kg)
10000
(/kg)
3000
(/bulong)
3000000
3
(/m )
20000
(/m)
30000
(/m)
700000
(/hp)
600000
(/cai)
200000
(cai)
1000000
(/cai)
120000
(/m2)
50000
(/cai)
30000
(/cai)
30000
(/cai)
Thanh
tien
1216855
000
6754082
1128000
2253000
3440000
8817000
0
922600
600000
600000
2000000
11304
250000
240000
240000
1323463
986
Vay: so tien mua vat t che tao thiet b la 1323463986
(ong).
Tien gia cong che tao thiet b(gia cong n gian , o
chnh xac thap) bang 100% tien vat t: 100%.1323463986 =
1323463986 (ong).
Tom lai: Chi ph au t: 2* 276974670 = 2646927972
(ong).
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

52
KET LUAN:
+ Thiet ke c thap chng cat Acid acetic Nc tng

oi hoan chnh khi biet trc nang suat , nong o nhap
lieu va nong oi cua san pham nh san pham ay .
+ Tnh toan tng oi chi tiet qua trnh lam viec cua
thiet bva kha nang chu ben cua thiet b ve tnh an
mon c hoc va hoa hoc, cung nh ieu kien lam viec cua
thiet b.
+ S bo tnh c chi ph au t ban au cho thap chng
cat.
ac tnh ky thuat cua thiet b chng cat a thiet ke
ng vi cac thong so a cho ban au:
+ T so hoan lu thch hp: R = 2.9.
+ So mam chng cat thc te: 50 mam.
+ ng knh thap chng cat: 2.2m.
+ ng knh lo tren mam: 8 mm.
+ Be day mam: 6.4 mm.
+ So lo tren mot mam: 7562.5 lo.
+ Khoang cach gia hai mam: 400 mm.
+ Chieu cao thap: 21.695 m.
+ Than ay nap lam bang thep X18H10T, co be
day: 5 mm.
+ Bch ghep than ay nap lam bang thep X18H10T,
loai bch lien khong co.
+ Bch ghep ong dan lam bang thep CT3, loai bch lien
khong co.
+ ng knh ong dan chat long: 50 mm.
+ ng knh ong dan hi: 100 mm.
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

53
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] . Vo Van Ban, Vu Ba Minh Qua trnh va thiet b

cong nghe hoa hoc, truyen khoi(tap 3) Trng ai Hoc
Bach Khoa TP.HCM.
[2] . Pham Van Bon, Vu Ba Minh, Hoang Minh Nam Qua
trnh va thiet b cong nghe hoa hoc, V du va bai tap(tap
10) - Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa TP.HCM.
[3] . Pham Van Bon, Nguyen nh Tho - Qua trnh va
thiet b cong nghe hoa hoc, Qua trnh va thiet b truyen
nhiet(tap 5) Nha xuat ban ai Hoc Quoc Gia TP.HCM.
[4] . So tay qua trnh va thiet b cong nghe hoa chat
(tap 1, 2) Nha xuat ban khoa hoc va ky thuat.
[5] . Ho Le Vien Thiet ke va tnh toan cac chi tiet
thiet b hoa chat Nha xuat ban khoa hoc va ky thuat
Ha Noi 1978.
SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

54

Xuyen Lo

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AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

II . GII THIEU S BO NGUYEN LIEU

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

III . TNH TOAN BM NHAP LIEU

SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

CHNG I : TONG QUAN.

Chng cat la qua trnh phan tach hon hp long (hoac

Ap suat lam viec : chng cat ap suat thap, ap

Nguyen ly lam viec: lien tuc, gian oan(chng n

Phng phap cap nhiet ay thap: cap nhiet trc

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

2 . Thiet b chng cat:

Trong san xuat thng s dung rat nhieu loai thap

Thap mam: than thap hnh tru, thang ng pha

Thap chem(thap em): thap hnh tru, gom nhieu

So sanh u va nhc iem cua cac loai

SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

Nhan xet: thap mam xuyen lo la trang thai trung gian

II . GII THIEU S BO NGUYEN LIEU :

Axit acetic la chat long khong mau , co mui thm ac

Trong ieu kien bnh thng: nc la chat long khong

3 . Hon hp Acid acetic Nc:

Ta co bang thanh phan long (x) hi (y) va nhiet o

SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

III. CONG NGHE CHNG CAT HE ACID ACETIC

SVTH NGUYEN BA DUY

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

* Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe:

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

trong chat long ngay cang tang. Cuoi cung, ay thap

CHNG II : CAN BANG VAT

I . CAC THONG SO BAN AU :

Nong o nhap lieu :

8% mol acid axetic

Nong o san pham nh :

II . XAC NH SUAT LNG SAN PHAM

AMH Qua Trnh va Thiet B

GVHD : NGUYEN NH THO

Can bang vat chat cho toan thap :

Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong san pham ay :

III . XAC NH T SO HOAN LU THCH HP:

T so hoan lu toi thieu la che o lam viec ma tai

T so hoan lu thch hp:RX=1.3Rmin+0.3=2.9

IV . PHNG TRNH NG LAM VIECSO

2 . Phng trnh ng nong o lam viec

= 1.341 : ch so nhap lieu .