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TRAN S TUNG
---- & ----
Nam 2011
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
KSHS 01: TNH N IU CA HM S
1
Cho hm s y = (m - 1) x 3 + mx 2 + (3m - 2) x (1)
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) khi m = 2 .
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) ng bin trn tp xc nh ca n.
Tp xc nh: D = R. y = (m - 1) x 2 + 2mx + 3m - 2 .
Cu 1.
Cu 2.
Cho hm s y =
Tp xc nh: D = R \ {m}.
y =
m2 - 4
( x + m )2
(1)
(2)
Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 - mx - 4 (1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 0 .
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) ng bin trn khong (-; 0) .
Cu 3.
m -3
Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 - 3(2 m + 1) x 2 + 6 m ( m + 1) x + 1 c th (Cm).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 0.
2) Tm m hm s ng bin trn khong (2; +)
Cu 4.
Cu 5.
m.
m 1 0 < m 1.
Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 - 2m) x 2 + (2 - m) x + m + 2 .
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 1.
2) Tm m hm ng bin trn ( 0; + ) .
Cu 6.
Trang 1
Vy m ( -;1] .
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
KSHS 02: CC TR CA HM S
Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + m 2 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 3.
2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha i vi trc honh.
PT honh giao im ca (C) v trc honh:
x = -1
x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + m 2 = 0
(1)
2
(2)
g( x ) = x + 2 x + m - 2 = 0
(Cm) c 2 im cc tr nm v 2 pha i vi trc 0x PT (1) c 3 nghim phn bit
(2) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 D = 3 - m > 0
m<3
g(-1) = m - 3 0
Cu 7.
Cu 8.
y = -3 x 2 + 2(2 m + 1) x - (m 2 - 3m + 2) .
(Cm) c cc im C v CT nm v hai pha ca trc tung PT y = 0 c 2 nghim tri
du 3(m 2 - 3m + 2) < 0 1 < m < 2 .
1
Cho hm s y = x 3 - mx 2 + (2m - 1) x - 3 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 2.
2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i, cc tiu nm v cng mt pha i vi trc tung.
TX: D = R ; y = x 2 2mx + 2 m 1 .
Cu 9.
bit cng du
1
2m - 1 > 0
m > 2
Cu 10. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3x 2 - mx + 2 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m .
Hm s c C, CT y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1; x2
D ' = 9 + 3m > 0 m > -3 (*)
Gi hai im cc tr l A ( x1 ; y1 ) ; B ( x2 ; y2 )
1
m
1
2m
m
m
2m
2m
+ 2 x1 + 2 - ; y2 = y ( x2 ) = -
+ 2 x2 + 2 -
y1 = y ( x1 ) = -
3
3
m
2m
+ 2 x + 2 -
Phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l D: y = -
3
3
Cc im cc tr cch u ng thng y = x - 1 xy ra 1 trong 2 trng hp:
TH1: ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr song song hoc trng vi ng thng y = x - 1
3
2m
-
+ 2 = 1 m = - (tha mn)
2
3
+ 2 ( x1 + x2 ) + 2 2 - = ( x1 + x2 ) - 2
yI = xI - 1 1
=
-1 -
2
2
3
3
2m
2m
+ 3 .2 = 6 m=0
3
3
Vy cc gi tr cn tm ca m l: m = 0; -
2
y = -3 x 2 + 6 mx ; y = 0 x = 0 x = 2 m .
Hm s c C, CT PT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit m 0 .
uuur
Khi 2 im cc tr l: A(0; -3m - 1), B(2 m; 4 m3 - 3m - 1) AB(2m; 4m 3 )
Trung im I ca AB c to : I (m; 2 m3 - 3m - 1)
r
ng thng d: x + 8y - 74 = 0 c mt VTCP u = (8; -1) .
Trang 3
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
m + 8(2m3 - 3m - 1) - 74 = 0
I d
A v B i xng vi nhau qua d
uuur r
m=2
AB
^
d
=
AB
.
u
0
Cu 13. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + mx
(1).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 0.
2) Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s (1) c cc im cc i v im cc tiu i xng
vi nhau qua ng thng d: x 2 y 5 = 0 .
Ta c y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + mx y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x + m
Hm s c cc i, cc tiu y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit D = 9 - 3m > 0 m < 3
1
2
1
1
Ta c: y = x - y + m - 2 x + m
3
3
3
3
1
y = m - 2 x + m
3
3
1
Nh vy ng thng D i qua cc im cc tr c phng trnh y = m - 2 x + m
3
3
2
nn D c h s gc k1 = m - 2 .
3
1
5
1
d: x 2 y 5 = 0 y = x - d c h s gc k2 =
2
2
2
hai im cc tr i xng qua d th ta phi c d ^ D
12
k1k2 = -1 m - 2 = -1 m = 0
23
y ' = 3 x 2 - 6(m + 1) x + 9
Hm s c C, CT D ' = 9(m + 1)2 - 3.9 > 0 m (-; -1 - 3) (-1 + 3; +)
1
m +1
2
Ta c y = x y - 2(m + 2m - 2) x + 4m + 1
3
3
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Trn S Tng
A, B i xng qua (d): y =
100 Kho st hm s
1
AB ^ d
x
m = 1.
2
I d
Ta c y ' = 3x 2 - 6(m + 1) x + 9.
+ Hm s t cc i, cc tiu ti x1 , x 2 PT y '= 0 c hai nghim phn bit x1 , x 2
PT x 2 - 2(m + 1) x + 3 = 0 c hai nghim phn bit l x1 , x 2 .
m > -1 + 3
D' = (m + 1) 2 - 3 > 0
(1)
m
<
1
3
(m + 1)2 4 -3 m 1
(2)
1
.
3
Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2 m) x + (2 - m)
5
(*)
D ' = (1 - 2 m )2 - 3(2 - m ) = 4 m 2 - m - 5 > 0 m > 4
m < -1
2(1 - 2 m)
x1 + x2 = 3
Hm s t cc tr ti cc im x1 , x2 . Khi ta c:
2
m
x x =
1 2
3
2
2
1
1
x1 - x2 > ( x1 - x2 ) = ( x1 + x2 ) - 4 x1x2 >
3
9
3 + 29
3 - 29
4(1 - 2m )2 - 4(2 - m) > 1 16m 2 - 12 m - 5 > 0 m >
m<
8
8
3 + 29
Kt hp (*), ta suy ra m >
m < -1
8
1 3
1
x - (m - 1) x 2 + 3(m - 2) x + , vi m l tham s thc.
3
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho ng vi m = 2 .
2) Xc nh m hm s cho t cc tr ti x1 , x2 sao cho x1 + 2 x2 = 1 .
Cu 17. Cho hm s y =
Ta c: y = x 2 - 2(m - 1) x + 3(m - 2)
Trang 5
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
-4 34
.
4
Cu 18. Cho hm s y = 4 x 3 + mx 2 3 x .
x1 = -4 x2
Khi : x1 + x2 = 6
x1 x2 = - 4
Cu hi tng t:
m=
9
2
a) y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + 1 ; x1 + 2x2 = 3
S: m = -105 .
P =
>0
m < 0
m < 0
-3 < m < -2
3(m + 2)
m + 2 < 0
m < -2
S = -3 > 0
m+2
Cu 20. Cho hm s y = x 3 3 x 2 + 2
(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
2) Tm im M thuc ng thng d: y = 3 x - 2 sao tng khong cch t M ti hai im cc
tr nh nht.
Cc im cc tr l: A(0; 2), B(2; 2).
Xt biu thc g( x , y ) = 3 x - y - 2 ta c:
g( x A , y A ) = 3 x A - y A - 2 = -4 < 0; g( x B , yB ) = 3 x B - yB - 2 = 6 > 0
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
x=
y
=
3
x
2
4 2
5
Ta im M l nghim ca h:
M ;
5 5
y = -2 x + 2
y = 2
5
Cu 21. Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 2 m) x 2 + (2 m ) x + m + 2 (m l tham s) (1).
y = 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2 m) x + 2 - m = g( x )
YCBT phng trnh y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit x1 , x2 tha mn: x1 < x2 < 1 .
D = 4m 2 - m - 5 > 0
5
7
4
5
S = 2m - 1 < 1
2
3
y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x - m3 + m (1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.
2) Tm m hm s (1) c cc tr ng thi khong cch t im cc i ca th hm s
n gc ta O bng 2 ln khong cch t im cc tiu ca th hm s n gc ta
O.
Ta c y = 3 x 2 - 6mx + 3(m 2 - 1)
Cu 22. Cho hm s
(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1 .
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s (1).
y = -3 x 2 + 6 mx + 3(1 - m 2 ) .
1
m
y = x - y + 2 x - m2 + m
3
3
y1 = 2 x1 - m2 + m ; y2 = 2 x2 - m 2 + m
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m .
Hm s c C, CT y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1 ; x2
D ' = 9 + 3m > 0 m > -3 (*)
Gi hai im cc tr l A ( x1 ; y1 ) ; B ( x2 ; y2 )
1
m
1
2m
m
m
2m
2m
+ 2 x1 + 2 - ; y2 = y ( x2 ) = -
+ 2 x2 + 2 -
y1 = y ( x1 ) = -
3
3
m
2m
+ 2 x + 2 -
Phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l d: y = -
3
3
ng thng i qua cc im cc tr song song vi d: y = -4 x + 3
2m
- 3 + 2 = -4
m = 3 (tha mn)
2 - m 3
3
Cu 25. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3x 2 - mx + 2 c th l (Cm).
m
m
2m
2m
+ 2 x1 + 2 - ; y2 = y ( x2 ) = -
+ 2 x2 + 2 -
y1 = y ( x1 ) = -
3
3
3
m
2m
+ 2 x + 2 -
Phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l D: y = -
3
3
1
2m
t k = -
+ 2 . ng thng d: x + 4 y 5 = 0 c h s gc bng - .
4
3
1
1
3
39
1
k
=
k
+
=
1
k
m
=
k+
5
4
4
10
4
Ta c: tan 45o =
1
1
1
5
k = k + = -1 + k
m = - 1
1- k
4
4
4
3
2
1
Kt hp iu kin (*), suy ra gi tr m cn tm l: m = 2
Cu 26. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + m
(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = -4 .
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
x = -2 y = m + 4
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 + 6 x ; y = 0
x = 0 y = m
Vy hm s c hai im cc tr A(0 ; m) v B(-2 ; m + 4)
uur
uur
1
OA = (0; m), OB = (-2; m + 4) . AOB = 120 0 th cos AOB = 2
-4 < m < 0
m(m + 4)
1
= - m 2 ( 4 + (m + 4)2 ) = -2m(m + 4) 2
2
3m + 24m + 44 = 0
m 2 ( 4 + (m + 4)2 )
-4 < m < 0
-12 + 2 3
-12 2 3 m =
3
m =
3
Cu 27. Cho hm s y = x 3 3mx 2 + 3(m2 1) x m 3
(Cm)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = -2 .
2) Chng minh rng (Cm) lun c im cc i v im cc tiu ln lt chy trn mi
ng thng c nh.
x = m +1
y = 3 x 2 - 6 mx + 3(m 2 - 1) ; y = 0
x = m -1
x = -1 + t
im cc i M (m 1;2 3m) chy trn ng thng c nh:
y = 2 - 3t
x = 1+ t
im cc tiu N (m + 1; -2 m) chy trn ng thng c nh:
y = -2 - 3t
1 4
3
x - mx 2 +
(1)
2
2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 3 .
2) Xc nh m th ca hm s (1) c cc tiu m khng c cc i.
Cu 28. Cho hm s y =
x = 0
y = 2 x3 - 2mx = 2 x ( x 2 - m) . y = 0 2
x = m
th ca hm s (1) c cc tiu m khng c cc i PT y = 0 c 1 nghim m 0
Cu 29. Cho hm s y = f ( x) = x 4 + 2(m - 2) x 2 + m 2 - 5m + 5
(Cm ) .
Khi to cc im cc tr l: A ( 0; m 2 - 5m + 5 ) , B ( 2 - m ;1 - m ) , C ( - 2 - m ;1 - m )
uur
uuur
AB = ( 2 - m ; -m 2 + 4 m - 4 ) , AC = ( - 2 - m ; - m 2 + 4m - 4 )
Do DABC lun cn ti A, nn bi ton tho mn khi DABC vung ti A
3
AB.AC = 0 (m - 2 ) = -1 m = 1 (tho (*))
Trang 9
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
(C m )
(*)
Khi to cc im cc tr l: A ( 0; m 2 - 5m + 5 ) , B ( 2 - m ;1 - m ) , C ( - 2 - m ;1 - m )
uur
uuur
AB = ( 2 - m ; -m 2 + 4 m - 4 ) , AC = ( - 2 - m ; - m 2 + 4m - 4 )
1
Do DABC lun cn ti A, nn bi ton tho mn khi A = 60 0 cos A =
2
uuur uuur
AB. AC
1
uuur uuur = m = 2 - 3 3 .
AB . AC 2
Cu hi tng t i vi hm s: y = x 4 - 4(m - 1) x 2 + 2 m - 1
Cu 31. Cho hm s y = x 4 + 2 mx 2 + m 2 + m c th (Cm) .
(m < 0)
Khi cc im cc tr l: A(0; m 2 + m ), B ( - m ; m ) , C ( - - m ; m )
uur
uuur
1
AB. AC
1
- -m . -m + m4
1
o
A = 120 cos A = - uur uuur = -
=4
2
2
2
m -m
AB . AC
m = 0
(loai)
1
4
4
4
1
= - 2 m + 2 m = m - m 3m + m = 0
m = - 3
2
m4 - m
3
1
.
Vy m = 3
3
m + m4
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
1
y - y A . xC - xB = m 2 m ; AB = AC = m 4 + m , BC = 2 m
2 B
m = 1
(m 4 + m)2 m
AB. AC.BC
3
R=
=1
= 1 m - 2m + 1 = 0
2
m = 5 - 1
4SV ABC
4m m
2
Cu hi tng t:
SV ABC =
a) y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + 1
S: m = 1, m =
-1 + 5
2
cc tr ti x1 ; x2 ; x3 . Gi A(0; 2m + m 4 ); B ( m ; m 4 - m 2 + 2m ) ; C ( - m ; m 4 - m2 + 2m ) l 3
im cc tr ca (Cm) .
Ta c: AB 2 = AC 2 = m 4 + m; BC 2 = 4m DABC cn nh A
Gi M l trung im ca BC M (0; m 4 - m 2 + 2 m) AM = m 2 = m 2
V D ABC cn ti A nn AM cng l ng cao, do :
5
SD ABC =
1
1
AM .BC = .m 2 . 4m = 4 m 2 = 4 m 5 = 16 m = 5 16
2
2
Vy m = 5 16 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 4 - 2m 2 x 2 + 1 , S = 32
S: m = 2
(1)
1) Kho st v v th hm s khi m = 3.
2) Tm m ng thng d: y = 1 ct th hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 1), B, C
sao cho cc tip tuyn ca th hm s (1) ti B v C vung gc vi nhau.
m=
Trang 11
9 - 65
9 + 65
m=
8
8
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
m=
-3 + 2 2
-3 - 2 2
m=
3
3
Cu 36. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4
(C)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Gi (d) l ng thng i qua im A(2; 0) c h s gc k. Tm k (d) ct (C) ti ba
im phn bit A, M, N sao cho hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti M v N vung gc vi nhau.
PT ng thng (d): y = k ( x - 2)
+ PT honh giao im ca (C) v (d): x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4 = k ( x - 2)
x = 2 = xA
( x - 2)( x 2 - x - 2 - k ) = 0
2
g( x ) = x - x - 2 - k = 0
+ (d) ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit A, M, N PT g( x ) = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit, khc 2
D > 0
9
(*)
- <k0
4
f (2) 0
x + xN = 1
+ Theo nh l Viet ta c: M
xM xN = - k - 2
+ Cc tip tuyn ti M v N vung gc vi nhau y ( x ).y ( x ) = -1
M
-3 2 2
3
(tho (*))
Trang 12
(2)
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
m > (d) ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit (2) c 2 nghim phn bit, khc 1
4 (*)
m 0
Tip tuyn ti N, P vung gc y '( xN ). y '( xP ) = -1 m =
-3 2 2
(tho (*))
3
(1).
2
-(m - 1) < 0
1 3
2
x - mx 2 - x + m + c th (Cm ) .
3
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.
2) Tm m (Cm ) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c tng bnh phng cc honh ln
hn 15.
1
2
YCBT x 3 - mx 2 - x + m + = 0 (*) c 3 nghim phn bit tha x12 + x22 + x32 > 15 .
3
3
x = 1
Ta c: (*) ( x - 1)( x 2 + (1 - 3m ) x - 2 - 3m ) = 0
2
g( x ) = x + (1 - 3m) x - 2 - 3m = 0
Cu 39. Cho hm s y =
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
(1)
m = 1
-1 + 15
-2m 3 + 9m - 7 = 0 m =
-1 - 15
m =
2
-1 - 15
l gi tr cn tm.
2
Th li ta c m =
s nhn. Khi ta c: g ( x ) = ( x - x1 )( x - x2 )( x - x3 )
x1 + x2 + x3 = 3m
Suy ra: x1 x2 + x2 x3 + x1 x3 = - m - 1
x x x = 2
1 2 3
5
3 2 +1
3
5
, thay vo tnh nghim thy tha mn.
3 2 +1
3
5
3 2 +1
3
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
x = 0 ( y = 4)
2
g( x ) = x + 2 mx + m + 2 = 0 (1)
(d) ct (Cm) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 4), B, C (2) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 0.
2
/
m -1 m 2
(*)
D = m - m - 2 > 0
m -2
g(0) = m + 2 0
Khi : xB + xC = -2m; xB . xC = m + 2 .
Mt khc: d (K , d ) =
SDKBC = 8 2
1- 3 + 4
2
= 2 . Do :
1
BC.d ( K , d ) = 8 2 BC = 16 BC 2 = 256
2
1 137
(tha (*)).
2
1 137
.
2
k
1+ k2
1
k
SDOBC = .
.2 k . 1 + k 2 = 1 k k = 1 k 3 = 1 k = 1
2 1+ k2
Cu 45. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 2 c th l (C).
2.
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100 Kho st hm s
k > -3
1
SDOAB = d (O, D). AB = k
2
Trn S Tng
k +3 k
k = -1
k +3 = 2
k = -1 3
c th (Cm)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 3.
2) Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti mt im duy nht.
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (Cm) vi trc honh:
2
x 3 + mx + 2 = 0 m = - x 2 - ( x 0)
x
2
2 -2 x 3 + 2
Xt hm s: f ( x ) = - x 2 - f '( x ) = -2 x +
=
x
x2
x2
Ta c bng bin thin:
-
+
f ( x)
+
f (x)
-
-
-
th (Cm) ct trc honh ti mt im duy nht m > -3 .
Cu 47. Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 6 mx - 2
c th (Cm)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.
2) Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti mt im duy nht.
1- 3 < m < 1+ 3
Cu 48. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x - 6 c th l (C).
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Trn S Tng
D = 0
b
2
2 a
D > 0
f (2) = 0
5
1
Vy: m = - ; m = .
8
2
100 Kho st hm s
8m + 5 = 0
5
1
m = - 8
2
2
m = 1
8m + 5 > 0
2
-2 m + 1 = 0
( )
Cu 51. Cho hm s y = x 4 - mx 2 + m - 1 c th l Cm
( )
Cu 52. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2 ( m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 c th l Cm .
(1)
t t = x , t 0 th (1) tr thnh: f (t ) = t - 2 ( m + 1) t + 2m + 1 = 0 .
2
m > S = 2 ( m + 1) > 0
2 (*)
P = 2m + 1 > 0
m 0
m = - 4
m
=
m
+
5
4
4
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Vy m = 4; -
9
Cu hi tng t i vi hm s y = - x 4 + 2(m + 2) x 2 - 2 m - 3
S: m = 3, m = -
13
.
9
1
f ( 3) = 4 - 4m 0
f (0) = 2m + 1 = 0
m = - m 1
2
S = 2 ( m + 1) < 3 S = 2 ( m + 1) > 0
P = 2m + 1 > 0
1
Vy: m = - m 1 .
2
Cu 55. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2m 2 x 2 + m 4 + 2m (1), vi m l tham s.
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
2x +1
c th l (C).
x+2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Chng minh rng ng thng d: y = - x + m lun ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit A,
B. Tm m on AB c di nh nht.
2x +1
PT honh giao im ca (C) v d:
= -x + m
x+2
x -2
2
f ( x ) = x + (4 - m ) x + 1 - 2 m = 0 (1)
Cu 56. Cho hm s y =
Cu 57. Cho hm s y =
x -3
= kx + k + 1 c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1 .
x +1
f ( x ) = kx 2 + 2kx + k + 4 = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1
k 0
Cu 58. Cho hm s y =
sao cho ( x2 - x1 ) + ( y2 - y1 ) = 90
2
2x + 4
= k ( x - 1) + 1
-x +1
y = k ( x - 1) + 1
(a)
kx 2 - (2k - 3) x + k + 3 = 0
(I). Ta c: ( I )
y = k ( x - 1) + 1
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
(I) c hai nghim phn bit PT kx 2 - (2k - 3) x + k + 3 = 0 (b) c hai nghim phn bit.
3
k 0, k < .
8
2
2
Ta bin i (a) tr thnh: (1 + k 2 ) ( x2 - x1 ) = 90 (1 + k 2 ) ( x2 + x1 ) - 4 x2 x1 = 90 (c)
2k - 3
k +3
Theo nh l Viet cho (b) ta c: x1 + x2 =
, x1 x2 =
, th vo (c) ta c phng
k
k
8k 3 + 27k 2 + 8k - 3 = 0 (k + 3)(8k 2 + 3k - 1) = 0
trnh:
-3 + 41
-3 - 41
; k=
.
16
16
Kt lun: Vy c 3 gi tr ca k tho mn nh trn.
k = -3; k =
2x - 2
(C).
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm m ng thng (d): y = 2 x + m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho
Cu 59. Cho hm s y =
AB = 5 .
2x - 2
= 2 x + m 2 x 2 + mx + m + 2 = 0 ( x -1)
x +1
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B (1) c 2 nghim phn bit x1 , x2 khc 1
(1)
m2 - 8m - 16 > 0
(2)
m
x1 + x2 = - 2
. Gi A ( x1; 2 x1 + m ) , B ( x2 ; 2 x2 + m ) .
Khi ta c:
+
2
m
x1 x2 =
2
AB2 = 5 ( x1 - x2 )2 + 4( x1 - x2 )2 = 5 ( x1 + x2 )2 - 4x1 x2 = 1 m2 - 8m - 20 = 0
m = 10
m = -2
Vy: m = 10; m = -2 .
(tho (2))
x -1
(1).
x+m
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1 .
2) Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m sao cho ng thng (d): y = x + 2 ct th hm s (1) ti
Cu 60. Cho hm s y =
x -m
x -1
= x+2 2
x+m
x + (m + 1) x + 2 m + 1 = 0
(*)
d ct th hm s (1) ti hai im A, B phn bit (*) c hai nghim phn bit khc -m
2
D > 0
(**)
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
Suy ra AB 2 = 2( x1 - x2 )2 = 2 ( x1 + x2 )2 - 4 x1 x2 = 2(m2 - 6 m - 3)
m = -1
Theo gi thit ta c 2(m 2 - 6 m - 3) = 8 m 2 - 6m - 7 = 0
m = 7
Kt hp vi iu kin (**) ta c m = 7 l gi tr cn tm.
2x - 1
(C).
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm m ng thng d: y = x + m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho DOAB
vung ti O.
Cu 61. Cho hm s y =
x 1 (*)
Vy: m = 2.
x+2
.
x-2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr m th trn (C) lun c cp im A, B nm v hai nhnh
x - yA + m = 0
ca (C) v tha A
.
x B - yB + m = 0
Cu 62. Cho hm s: y =
x - yA + m = 0
y = xA + m
Ta c: A
A
A, B (d ) : y = x + m
x B - yB + m = 0
yB = x B + m
A, B l giao im ca (C) v (d). Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d):
x+2
f ( x ) = x 2 + (m - 3) x - (2 m + 2) = 0 ( x 2)
(*).
x+m =
x-2
(*) c D = m2 + 2m + 17 > 0, "m (d) lun ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B.
V 1. f (2) = -4 < 0 x A < 2 < x B hoc xB < 2 < x A (pcm).
(m l tham s).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) vi m = 2.
2) Tm tham s m th ca hm s (1) c tip tuyn to vi ng thng d: x + y + 7 = 0
1
gc a , bit cos a =
.
26
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100 Kho st hm s
r
Gi k l h s gc ca tip tuyn tip tuyn c VTPT n1 = (k; -1)
r
ng thng d c VTPT n2 = (1;1) .
Trn S Tng
3
r r
k=
n1.n2
1
k -1
2
Ta c cos a = r r
=
12 k 2 - 26 k + 12 = 0
2
n1 . n2
26
k = 2
2 k +1
3
YCBT tho mn t nht mt trong hai phng trnh sau c nghim:
3
2
3
+
+
=
3
2
(
1
2
)
2
x
m
x
m
y
=
D/ 1 0
8m 2 - 2m - 1 0
2
2
/
2
3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2m) x + 2 - m = 2
y = 2
D 2 0
4m - m - 3 0
3
3
1
1
m - 4 ; m 2
1
1
m - hoc m
4
2
m - 3 ; m 1
4
Cu 64. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 1 c th (C).
(*)
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
y = 3 x - x 3 (C).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn ng thng (d): y = - x cc im m t k c ng 2 tip tuyn phn bit
vi th (C).
Cc im cn tm l: A(2; 2) v B(2; 2).
Cu 65. Cho hm s
Cu 66. Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2
(C).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn ng thng (d): y = 2 cc im m t k c 3 tip tuyn phn bit vi
th (C).
Gi M ( m;2) ( d ) .
PT ng thng D i qua im M v c h s gc k c dng : y = k ( x - m ) + 2
2
3
(*).
D l tip tuyn ca (C) h PT sau c nghim - x 2+ 3 x - 2 = k ( x - m) + 2 (1)
(2)
-3 x + 6 x = k
2
f ( x ) = 2 x - (3m - 1) x + 2 = 0 (3)
D > 0
m < -1 hoc m >
(3) c hai nghim phn bit khc 2
3 .
f (2) 0 m 2
Cu 67. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) =
(d) c h s gc -
1
tip tuyn c h s gc k = 2 . Gi x l honh tip im th:
2
3
Vy m < 0 hay m >
2
.
3
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(1)
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100 Kho st hm s
Cu 68. Cho hm s
Trn S Tng
2
y = ( x + 1) . ( x - 1)
Ta c y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 .
Phng trnh ng thng d i qua A(a; 0) v c h s gc k : y = k ( x - a)
x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 = k ( x - a)
d l tip tuyn ca (C) h phng trnh sau c nghim: ( I )
4 x3 - 4 x = k
4 x ( x 2 - 1) = k
k = 0
Ta c: ( I ) 2
hoc
( B)
( A)
2
f ( x ) = 3 x - 4 ax + 1 = 0 (1)
x -1 = 0
+ T h (A), ch cho ta mt tip tuyn duy nht l d1 : y = 0 .
+ Vy t A k c 3 tip tuyn phn bit vi (C) th iu kin cn v l h (B) phi
c 2 nghim phn bit ( x; k ) vi x 1 , tc l phng trnh (1) phi c 2 nghim phn
2
3
3
bit khc 1 D = 4 a - 3 > 0 -1 a < hoc 1 a >
2
2
f (1) 0
Cu 69. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = x 4 - 2 x 2 .
Ta c: f '( x ) = 4 x 3 - 4 x
H s gc tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B l k A = f '(a) = 4 a3 - 4 a, kB = f '(b) = 4b3 - 4 b
Tip tuyn ti A, B ln lt c phng trnh l:
y = f (a)( x - a) + f (a) y = f (a) x + f (a) - af (a)
y = f (b)( x - b) + f (b) y = f (b) x + f (b) - bf (b)
Hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song hoc trng nhau khi v ch khi:
k A = kB 4 a 3 - 4 a = 4b 3 - 4 b (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2 - 1) = 0
(1)
(2)
V A v B phn bit nn a b , do (1) a2 + ab + b 2 - 1 = 0
Mt khc hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B trng nhau khi v ch khi:
a2 + ab + b2 - 1 = 0
a2 + ab + b2 - 1 = 0
( a b)
4
2
4
2
f (a) - af (a) = f (b) - bf (b)
-3a + 2 a = -3b + 2 b
Gii h ny ta c nghim l (a; b) = (-1;1) hoc (a; b) = (1; -1) , hai nghim ny tng
ng vi cng mt cp im trn th l (-1; -1) v (1; -1)
Vy iu kin cn v hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi nhau l:
a2 + ab + b 2 - 1 = 0
a 1; a b
2x
(C).
x+2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit rng khong cch t tm i xng ca
th (C) n tip tuyn l ln nht.
Cu 70. Cho hm s y =
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
8 a+2
16 + (a + 2)
8 a+2
2.4.(a + 2)
8 a+2
2 2 a+2
=2 2
a = 0
d ( I , d ) ln nht khi (a + 2)2 = 4
.
a = -4
T suy ra c hai tip tuyn y = x v y = x + 8 .
x+2
(1).
2x + 3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit tip tuyn ct trc honh, trc
tung ln lt ti hai im phn bit A, B v tam gic OAB cn ti gc ta O.
-1
Gi ( x0 ; y0 ) l to ca tip im y ( x0 ) =
<0
(2 x0 + 3)2
Cu 71. Cho hm s y =
gc m). Ngha l: y ( x0 ) =
-1
+ Vi x0 = -2; y0 = 0 D: y - 0 = -( x + 2) y = - x - 2 (nhn)
Vy phng trnh tip tuyn cn tm l: y = - x - 2 .
2x - 1
.
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) sao cho tip tuyn ny ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln
lt ti cc im A v B tho mn OA = 4OB.
Gi s tip tuyn d ca (C) ti M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C ) ct Ox ti A, Oy ti B sao cho OA = 4OB .
Cu 72. Cho hm s y =
OB 1
1
1
= H s gc ca d bng
hoc - .
OA 4
4
4
3
x0 = -1 ( y0 = 2 )
1
1
1
H s gc ca d l y ( x0 ) = <0=-
4
( x0 - 1)2
( x0 - 1)2
x = 3 (y = 5)
0
0
2
1
3
1
5
y = - 4 ( x + 1) + 2
y = - 4 x + 4
Khi c 2 tip tuyn tho mn l:
.
1
5
1
13
y = - ( x - 3) +
y = - x +
4
2
4
4
2x - 3
c th (C).
x-2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
Cu 73. Cho hm s y =
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
2) Tm trn (C) nhng im M sao cho tip tuyn ti M ca (C) ct hai tim cn ca (C) ti
A, B sao cho AB ngn nht.
1
1
Ly im M m; 2 +
( C ) . Ta c: y (m ) = m-2
(m - 2)2
1
1
( x - m) + 2 +
Tip tuyn (d) ti M c phng trnh: y = 2
m-2
(m - 2)
2
Giao im ca (d) vi tim cn ng l: A 2;2 +
m-2
1
m = 3
Ta c: AB 2 = 4 (m - 2)2 +
8 . Du = xy ra
2
m = 1
(m - 2)
2x - 3
-1
Gi s M x0 ; 0
, x0 2 , y '( x0 ) =
2
x0 - 2
( x0 - 2 )
Cu 74. Cho hm s y =
-1
( x0 - 2 )
( x - x0 ) +
2 x0 - 3
x0 - 2
2x - 2
To giao im A, B ca (D) vi hai tim cn l: A 2; 0
; B ( 2 x0 - 2; 2 )
x
2
x + xB 2 + 2 x0 - 2
y +y
2x - 3
Ta thy A
=
= x0 = x M , A B = 0
= yM suy ra M l trung im
2
2
2
x0 - 2
ca AB.
Mt khc I(2; 2) v DIAB vung ti I nn ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c din tch
2
1
2
2 2 x0 - 3
( x0 - 2)2 +
2p
S = p IM = p ( x0 - 2) +
2
p
=
x -2
( x 0 - 2)2
x = 1
0
( x0 - 2)2
x0 = 3
Do im M cn tm l M(1; 1) hoc M(3; 3)
Du = xy ra khi ( x0 - 2)2 =
2x + 1
c th (C).
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn. Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti
M ct 2 tim cn ti A v B vi chu vi tam gic IAB t gi tr nh nht.
Cu 75. Cho hm s y =
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
+ PTTT ti M c dng: y =
-3
( x 0 - 1)
( x - x0 ) + 2 +
3
(C).
x0 - 1
3
x0 - 1
+ Ta c: SDIAB =
6 , B (2 x - 1;2)
0
x 0 - 1
1
1
6
IA.IB =
2 x0 - 1 = 2.3 = 6 (vdt)
2
2 x0 - 1
+ DIAB vung c din tch khng i chu vi DIAB t gi tr nh nht khi IA= IB
x0 = 1 + 3
6
= 2 x0 - 1
x0 - 1
x0 = 1 - 3
Vy c hai im M tha mn iu kin M1 (1 + 3;2 + 3 ) , M2 (1 - 3;2 - 3 )
Cu 76. Cho hm s: y =
x +2
x - 1 = kx + a
d l tip tuyn ca (C) H PT
c nghim
-3
k =
( x - 1)2
a > -2
D = 3a + 6 > 0
2(a + 2)
a+2
3
3
Khi ta c: x1 + x2 =
; x1 x2 =
v y1 = 1 +
; y2 = 1 +
a -1
a -1
x1 - 1
x2 - 1
2 tip im nm v 2 pha i vi trc honh th y1. y2 < 0
x1 .x2 + 2( x1 + x2 ) + 4
2
3
3
1 +
< 0 3a + 2 > 0 a > . 1 +
<0
x1. x2 - ( x1 + x2 ) + 1
3
x1 - 1 x2 - 1
2
a > Kt hp vi iu kin (*) ta c:
3.
a 1
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
x +3
.
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Cho im Mo ( xo ; yo ) thuc th (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M0 ct cc tim cn ca (C)
ti cc im A v B. Chng minh Mo l trung im ca on thng AB.
4
Mo ( xo ; yo ) (C) y0 = 1 +
.
x0 - 1
Cu 77. Cho hm s y =
4
( x0 - 1)2
( x - x0 )
x A + xB
y + yB
= x0 ; A
= y0 M0 l trung im AB.
2
2
x +2
(C)
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Chng minh rng mi tip tuyn ca th (C) u lp vi hai ng tim cn mt tam
gic c din tch khng i.
a+2
Gi s M a;
(C).
a -1
Cu 78. Cho hm s : y =
a+2
-3
a2 + 4 a - 2
6
6
= (2 a - 2; 0) IB = 2 a - 1
IA
=
;
IB
IA = 0;
a -1
a -1
1
Din tch DIAB : S DIAB = IA.IB = 6 (vdt) PCM.
2
2x - 4
S: S = 12.
Cu hi tng t i vi hm s y =
x +1
x+2
.
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Gi I l giao im ca 2 ng tim cn, D l mt tip tuyn bt k ca th (C). d l
khong cch t I n D . Tm gi tr ln nht ca d.
Cu 79. Cho hm s y =
x +2
. Giao im ca hai ng tim cn l I(1; 1). Gi s M x 0 ; 0
(C )
x
+
1
( x + 1)2
y =
-1
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
Khong cch t I n D l d =
2 x0 + 1
1 + ( x 0 + 1)
( x0 + 1)
+ ( x 0 + 1)
2 khi x0 = 0 hoc x0 = -2 .
Vy GTLN ca d bng
2x -1
.
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit khong cch t im I(1; 2) n tip tuyn bng
Cu 80. Cho hm s y =
2.
Tip tuyn ca (C) ti im M ( x0 ; f ( x0 )) (C ) c phng trnh:
y = f '( x0 )( x - x0 ) + f ( x0 ) x + ( x 0 - 1)2 y - 2 x0 2 + 2 x0 - 1 = 0 (*)
Khong cch t im I(1; 2) n tip tuyn (*) bng
Cc tip tuyn cn tm : x + y - 1 = 0 v x + y - 5 = 0
2 - 2 x0
x = 0
= 2 0
x0 = 2
1 + ( x0 - 1)4
x +1
(C).
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn Oy tt c cc im t k c duy nht mt tip tuyn ti (C).
Gi M (0; yo ) l im cn tm. PT ng thng qua M c dng: y = kx + yo (d)
Cu 81. Cho hm s y =
x +1
( y - 1) x 2 - 2( y + 1) x + y + 1 = 0 (1)
x - 1 = kx + yo
o
o
o
(*)
(d) l tip tuyn ca (C) -2
-2
=k
=k
x 1;
( x - 1)2
( x - 1)2
YCBT h (*) c 1nghim (1) c 1 nghim khc 1
yo = 1
1
yo 1
x = ; yo = 1 k = -8
2
2
D ' = ( yo + 1) - ( yo - 1)( yo + 1) = 0
x = 2
x
=
0;
yo = -1 k = -2
Cu 82. Cho hm s y =
PTTT (d) l y =
1
( x0 + 1)
( x - x0 ) +
2 x0 + 1
x - ( x0 + 1)2 y + 2 x02 + 2 x0 + 1 = 0
x0 + 1
x0 = 1 x 0 = 0 x0 = -2
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
1
5
x + ; y = x + 1; y = x + 5
4
4
2x -1
.
1- x
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn, A l im trn (C) c honh l a. Tip
tuyn ti A ca (C) ct hai ng tim cn ti P v Q. Chng t rng A l trung im ca
PQ v tnh din tch tam gic IPQ.
2a - 1
1
2a - 1
( x - a) +
I (1; -2), A a;
. PT tip tuyn d ti A: y =
2
(1 - a )
1- a
1- a
2a
Giao im ca tim cn ng v tip tuyn d: P 1;
1- a
Giao im ca tim cn ngang v tip tuyn d: Q(2 a 1; -2)
Cu 83. Cho hm s y =
Ta c: xP + xQ = 2 a = 2 x A . Vy A l trung im ca PQ.
IP =
SIPQ =
2a
2
+2 =
; IQ = 2(a - 1)
1- a
1- a
1
IP.IQ = 2 (vdt)
2
2x - 3
(C).
x-2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im M thuc (C) bit tip tuyn ct tim cn ng v
4
tim cn ngang ln lt ti A, B sao cho csin gc ABI bng
, vi I l giao 2 tim cn.
17
Cu 84. Cho hm s y =
2x - 3
I(2; 2). Gi M x0 ; 0
(C ) , x0 2
x0 - 2
y=-
1
( x 0 - 2)2
( x - x0 ) +
2 x0 - 3
x0 - 2
2x - 2
Giao im ca D vi cc tim cn: A 2; 0
, B(2 x0 - 2; 2) .
x0 - 2
1 IA
x = 0
4
Do cos ABI =
nn tan ABI = =
IB2 = 16.IA2 ( x0 - 2)4 = 16 0
4 IB
17
x0 = 4
3
1
3
Kt lun: Ti M 0; phng trnh tip tuyn: y = - x +
2
4
2
5
1
7
Ti M 4; phng trnh tip tuyn: y = - x +
3
4
2
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
KSHS 05: BIN LUN S NGHIM CA PHNG TRNH
Cu 85. Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 + 1 .
PT x 3 - 3 x 2 = m3 - 3m 2 - x 3 + 3 x 2 + 1 = - m3 + 3m2 + 1 . t k = - m 3 + 3m 2 + 1
S nghim ca PT bng s giao im ca th (C) vi ng thng d: y = k
Da vo th (C) ta c PT c 3 nghim phn bit 1 < k < 5 m (-1;3) \ {0; 2}
Cu 86. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 5 x 2 + 4 c th (C).
Da vo th ta c PT c 6 nghim log12 m =
9
9
m = 12 4 = 144 4 12 .
4
Cu 87. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = 8 x 4 - 9 x 2 + 1 .
(1)
(2)
t t = cos x , phng trnh (1) tr thnh: 8t - 9t + m = 0
V x [0; p ] nn t [-1;1] , gia x v t c s tng ng mt i mt, do s nghim ca
phng trnh (1) v (2) bng nhau.
Ta c: (2) 8t 4 - 9t 2 + 1 = 1 - m
(3)
Cu 88. Cho hm s y =
2p
2) Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh sau c 2 nghim trn on 0; :
3
sin 6 x + cos6 x = m ( sin 4 x + cos4 x )
3
1 - sin 2 2 x = m 1 - sin 2 2 x 4 - 3sin 2 2 x = 2 m(2 - sin2 2 x )
4
2
2p
t t = sin 2 2 x . Vi x 0; th t [ 0;1] . Khi (1) tr thnh:
3
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(1)
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100 Kho st hm s
2m =
Trn S Tng
3t - 4
vi t 0;1
t-2
sin 2 x = - t
Nhn xt : vi mi t 0;1 ta c :
sin 2 x = t
sin 2 x = t
3
2p
3
(*) c 2 nghim thuc on 0; th t ;1 t ;1
4
3
2
3
7
1
7
Da vo th (C) ta c: y(1) < 2m y 1 < 2m < m .
4
5
2
10
x +1
.
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
x +1
2) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
= m.
x -1
Cu 89. Cho hm s y =
x +1
x +1
= m bng s giao im ca th (C): y =
v y = m.
x -1
x -1
Da vo th ta suy ra c:
m < -1; m > 1
m = -1
-1 < m 1
2 nghim
1 nghim
v nghim
S nghim ca
Cu 90. Cho hm s: y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 .
x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 + log2 m = 0 x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 = - log2 m
(m > 0)
(*)
Cu 91. Cho hm s y =
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
MA = x0 + 1 , MB = y0 - 2 =
1
x0 + 1
1
=2
x0 + 1
x = 0
1
0
.
x0 + 1
x0 = -2
Vy ta c hai im cn tm l (0; 1) v (2; 3).
Cu hi tng t:
2x -1
a) y =
S: x0 = -1 3
x +1
MA + MB nh nht bng 2 khi x0 + 1 =
3x - 4
(C).
x -2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm cc im thuc (C) cch u 2 tim cn.
Gi M ( x; y) (C) v cch u 2 tim cn x = 2 v y = 3.
Cu 92. Cho hm s y =
3x - 4
x
x
x = 1
-2 x-2 =
= ( x - 2)
x -2
x -2
x -2
x = 4
Vy c 2 im tho mn bi l : M1( 1; 1) v M2(4; 6)
Ta c: x - 2 = y - 3 x - 2 =
2x - 4
.
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn (C) hai im i xng nhau qua ng thng MN bit M(3; 0) v N(1; 1).
uuur
MN = (2; -1) Phng trnh MN: x + 2 y + 3 = 0 .
Phng trnh ng thng (d) ^ MN c dng: y = 2 x + m .
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d):
2x - 4
= 2 x + m 2 x 2 + mx + m + 4 = 0 ( x -1)
(1)
x +1
Cu 93. Cho hm s
y=
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
3
3
y1 + y2 ( - x1 + 3 x1 + 2 ) + ( - x2 + 3x2 + 2 )
x +x
C:
=
= 2. 1 2 + 2
2
2
2
x1 + x2 = 0
3
- ( x1 + x2 ) + 3 x1 x2 ( x1 + x2 ) + 3 ( x1 + x2 ) = 2 ( x1 + x2 ) 2
2
x1 - x1 x2 + x2 = 1
Li c: MN ^ d ( x2 - x1 ) .1 + ( y2 - y1 ) .2 = 0
7
2
7
7
; x2 = m
2
2
9
2
x12 - x1 x2 + x22 = 1
x1 + x22 =
4
- Xt 2
v nghim
7
2
x1 + x1 x2 + x2 =
x x = 5
2
1 2 4
7
1 7 7
1 7
Vy 2 im cn tm l:
;2 ; - ; 2 +
2 2 2
2 2
2
- Xt x1 + x2 = 0 x1 =
2x -1
(C).
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm im M thuc th (C) tip tuyn ca (C) ti M vi ng thng i qua M v
giao im hai ng tim cn c tch cc h s gc bng 9.
Giao im 2 tim cn l I (-1; 2) .
Cu 95. Cho hm s y =
y M - yI
3
-3
Gi M x0 ; 2 =
(C ) kIM =
x0 + 1
x M - x I ( x + 1)2
0
3
+ H s gc ca tip tuyn ti M: kM = y ( x 0 ) =
2
( x0 + 1)
x = 0
+ YCBT kM .kIM = - 9 0
. Vy c 2 im M tha mn: M(0; 3) v M(2; 5)
x
=
2
0
x3
11
+ x2 + 3x - .
3
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn th (C) hai im phn bit M, N i xng nhau qua trc tung.
x = - x1 0
Hai im M ( x1; y1 ), N ( x2 ; y2 ) (C ) i xng nhau qua Oy 2
y1 = y2
x2 = - x1 0
x1 = 3
x1 = -3
3
x3
hoc
x
11
11
2
3
x2 = -3
x2 = 3
- 1 + x1 + 3 x1 - = - 2 + x2 + 3 x 2 3
3
3
3
16
16
Vy hai im thuc th (C) v i xng qua Oy l: M 3; , N -3; .
3
Cu 96. Cho hm s y = -
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Trn S Tng
100 Kho st hm s
Cu 97. Cho hm s y =
2x
x -1
2
2
2
Ta c (C ) : y = 2 +
. Gi B b; 2 +
, C c; 2 +
vi b < 1 < c .
x -1
b -1
c -1
Ta c: AB = AC; BAC = 90 0 CAK + BAH = 90 0 = CAK + ACK BAH = ACK
AH = CK
v: BHA = CKA = 90 0 D ABH = DCAK
HB = AK
2
2 - b = 2 + c - 1
b = -1
.
Hay:
2
c
=
3
2+
= c-2
b -1
Vy B(-1;1), C (3;3)
2x - 1
.
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm ta im M (C) sao cho khong cch t im I (-1; 2) ti tip tuyn ca (C) ti
M l ln nht.
Cu 98. Cho hm s
y=
3
(C ) . PTTT D ca (C) ti M l:
Gi s M x0 ; 2 x0 + 1
3
3
y-2+
=
( x - x0 ) 3( x - x0 ) - ( x0 + 1)2 ( y - 2) - 3( x0 + 1) = 0
x0 + 1 ( x0 + 1) 2
Khong cch t I (-1;2) ti tip tuyn D l:
3(-1 - x0 ) - 3( x0 + 1)
6 x0 + 1
6
.
d=
=
=
4
4
9
9
+
(
x
+
1
)
2
x
9 + ( 0 + 1)
0
+ ( x0 + 1)
( x0 + 1)2
9
Theo BT Csi:
+ ( x0 + 1)2 2 9 = 6 d 6 .
2
( x0 + 1)
9
2
Khong cch d ln nht bng 6 khi
= ( x0 + 1) 2 ( x0 + 1) = 3 x0 = -1 3 .
2
( x0 + 1)
Vy c hai im cn tm l: M - 1 + 3 ;2 - 3 hoc M - 1 - 3 ;2 + 3
0
3
6 = - x03 + 3 x 0 + 2 - ( -2 - x0 ) + 3 ( -2 - x0 ) + 2 6 x02 + 12 x 0 + 6 = 0
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100 Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
x0 = -1 y0 = 0
Vy 2 im cn tm l: ( -1; 0 ) v ( -1;6 )
x+2
.
2x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm nhng im trn th (C) cch u hai im A(2; 0) v B(0; 2).
PT ng trung trc an AB: y = x .
Nhng im thuc th cch u A v B c honh l nghim ca PT:
1- 5
=
x
x+2
2
= x x2 - x - 1 = 0
2x -1
1+ 5
x = 2
Cu 100. Cho hm s
y =
1- 5 1- 5 1+ 5 1+ 5
Hai im cn tm l:
,
,
;
2
2
2
2
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