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CHNG 1: CC KHI NIM V NH LUT HA HC

I. CU HI TRC NGHIM
I.1. Cu hi
Cu 1. Cu no ng v y nht trong s cc cu khng nh sau y v k hiu H:
A. Ch nguyn t hiro
B. Ch phn t hiro
C. Ch mt nguyn t ca nguyn t hiro
D. Ch n cht hiro
Cu 2. Cu no ng v y nht trong s cc cu khng nh sau y v k hiu O:
A. Ch nguyn t oxi
B. Ch phn t oxi
C. Ch mt nguyn t ca nguyn t oxi
D. Ch n cht oxi
Cu 3. Tm cu ng nht trong cc cu khng nh sau:
A. Khi lng mol phn t ca mt cht cng bng ng lng ca cht
B. ng lng ca mt axit bng trng lng phn t chia cho H c c thay th trong
phn t axit
C. ng lng ca mt mt axit bng trng lng phn t axit
D. ng lng ca mt mui bng ng lng ca kim loi c trong phn t mui
Cu 4. Trong cng thc Fe2(SO4)3 ng lng ca st bng
A. 56
B. 18,67
C. 28
D. 9,33
Cu 5. ng lng ca Ca3(PO4)2 bng
A. 20
B. 155
C. 103,33
D. 51,67
Cu 6. Dy xp ng cc p sut sau theo chiu gim dn?
A. 30 bar > 75 kPa> 0,6 atm> 350 mmHg C. 350 mmHg > 75 kPa > 30 bar > 0,6 atm
B. 75 kPa > 30 bar > 0,6 atm> 350 mmHg D. 30 bar > 75 kPa > 350 mmHg > 0,6 atm
Cu 7. Xc nh khi lng phn t kh CO2 khng th dng phng php no sau y:
A. T khi hi
B. Th tch mol
C. Da vo phng trnh trng thi kh
D. Phng php uylong- Pti
Cu 8. Xc nh khi lng phn t kh O2 khng th dng phng php no sau y:
A. T khi hi
B. Th tch mol
C. Da vo phng trnh trng thi kh
D. Phng php uylong- Pti
Cu 9. Phn ng t oxi ho, t kh l:
A. NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O
B. 2Al(NO3)3 Al2O3 + 6NO2 + 3/2O2
C. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO
D. 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
Cu 10. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng kim loi l 63,546. ng tn ti trong t nhin v i hai
loi ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu. S nguyn t 63Cu c trong 32 gam Cu l:
A. 6,023. 1023

B. 3,000.1023

C. 2,181.1023

D. 1,500.1023

Cu 11. S nguyn t ng c trong 6,4 gam ng (coi gn ng nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng
bng 64):
A. 6,023.1023
B. 6,023.1022
C. 6,023.1021
D. 60,23.1022
0
Cu 12. Chiu mt bc x c bc sng = 3000A s khng gy ra hiu ng quang in vi t
bo quang in lm bng kim loi no?
A. Cs ( 0=4,7.1014) B. K ( 0=5,1.1014) C. Ca ( 0=7,1.1014) D. Zn ( 0=10,4.1014)
I.2. p n:
Cu
1
2

p n
C
C

Cu
4
5

p n
C
B

Cu
7
8

p n
A
C

Cu
10
11

p n
C
B

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6

12

II. CU HI T LUN
II.1. Cu hi
Cu 1: Nguyn t c cu to t nhng loi ht c bn no? Hy cho bit c im i n
tch, khi lng mi loi ht . Hy cho bit s lng mi loi ht c trong:
a) Cl, Clb) Na, Na+
c) H2O
Cu 2: Tm s nguyn t c trong 1 gam mi cht sau:
a) Hiro
b) Natri
c) ng
d) Bc
Cu 3: Hy xp theo chiu tng s phn t c trong 5 gam mi cht sau:
H2O, CH3COOH, CuO, Ca3(PO4)3
Cu 4: Khi in phn nc, ng vi 1 gam hiro thu c 7,936 gam oxi. Cho bit:
a) Mt nguyn t oxi c khi lng gp bao nhiu ln khi lng c a m t nguyn t
hiro.
b) Nu qui c chn khi lng nguyn t hiro lm n v th oxi c nguyn t kh i l
bao nhiu?
c) Ngc li nu chn 1/16 khi lng nguyn t oxi lm n v th hiro c nguyn t
khi l bao nhiu?
d) Bit rng khi lng ca nguyn t 12C gp 11,9059 ln khi lng ca nguyn t
hiro, hi nu chn 1/12 khi lng nguyn t ca 12C lm n v th hiro, oxi c nguyn t
khi l bao nhiu?
Cu 5: Khi in phn 75,97 gam NaCl nng chy thu c 29,89 gam natri, bit nguyn t khi
ca natri l 22,99.
a) Hy tnh khi lng mol nguyn t ca clo.
b) Bit e0=1,602.10-19 C. Hy tnh in lng cn thit trung ha 1 mol natri v i n
lng cn thit trong qu trnh in phn trn. (bit NA=6,023.1023).
Cu 6: Hy tnh:
a) Hng s kh R theo h n v SI.
b) Hng s kh R nu th tch tnh ra lt, p sut tnh ra atm.
Cu 7: trng thi kh, 250 gam photpho chim mt th tch V=50 lt 220C v 1 atm. Hy
cho bit s nguyn t trong mt phn t ca photpho, bit P=31.
Cu 8: Trong mt oxit ca nit, oxi chim 69,57% v khi lng. Xc nh khi l ng phn t
v cng thc phn t ca oxit trn.
Cu 9: Xc nh ng lng ca:
a) Cl trong mi cng thc sau y: HCl, KClO3, HClO4
b) NaOH, Ca(OH)2, H3PO4
c) HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4
d) NaNO3, Na2SO4, CaSO4, K3PO4, Ca3(PO4)2.
Cu 10: Bm 6,13 lt kh X vo bnh kn ht ht khng kh (o 27,3 0C v 1atm). Cn xong,
em thay kh X bng ng th tch kh SO2, thy khi lng SO2 nng hn 5 gam. Xc nh
khi lng phn t kh X.
Cu 11: cng nhit v p sut, khi lng ca cng m t th tch kh Y n ng h n kh
CO2 hai ln. Tm khi lng ca 3,729 lt mi kh 300C v 1atm.
Cu 12: Cho mt lng mui K2SO3 (A) tc dng vi lng va dung dch H 2SO4 thu c
4,4012 lt SO2 250C, 1 atm; mui sunfat (B) v H 2O. Trong nA:nB=1:2. Tnh lng H2SO4
nguyn cht, lng K2SO3 dng trong qu trnh trn.
Cu 13: Dng 20,5 lt oxi va t chy hon ton hn hp Y gm H 2, CO2, CH4. Dn sn
phm chy qua H2SO4 m c, thy th tch gim mt 22 lt. Bit rng hn hp Y c t kh i
hi so vi H2 l 6,7. Cc th tch kh o ktc
a) Xc nh thnh phn % v th tch trong hn hp Y.

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b) Dn ton b lng CO2 trong sn phm vo nc vi trong d th thu c bao nhiu

gam kt ta?
Cu 14: Cho lng cht A (c th l mt trong cc cht: K2CO3, K2SO3, KHCO3, KHSO3) tc
dng ht vi lng dung dch H 2SO4 va , to ra mui B, cht C v 7,458 lt kh D 30 0C, 1
atm. cng nhit v p sut, t khi hi ca D so vi H 2 bng 2,286 ln t khi hi ca N 2
so vi H2.
a) A, B, C, D l g? Vit PTP xy ra c th.
b) Tnh lng H2SO4, A dng v lng B, C thu c.
Cu 15: Tm lng H2SO4 nguyn cht va iu ch 2,4 gam mui Fe 2(SO4)3 t cc hp
cht tng ng ca Fe(III).
Cu 16: Dng lng va dung dch cha 10,95 gam HCl ha tan 14,2 gam h n h p CaCO 3,
MgCO3. Xc nh thnh phn cc mui trong hn hp u.
Cu 17: Ha tan ht 18,9 gam hn hp A gm mui hirocacbonat v mu i cacbonat c a m t
kim loi kim bng dung dch HCl thu c dung dch B v 3,36 lt CO2 ktc.
a) Xc nh % khi lng cc cht trong A.
b) Tnh khi lng mui thu c trong dung dch B.
Cu 18: Hai nguyn t X v Y iu kin thng l cht rn. S mol ca X c trong 8,4 gam
nhiu hn 0,15 mol so vi s mol ca Y c trong 6,4 gam. Bit kh i l ng mol nguyn t c a
X nh hn khi lng mol nguyn t ca Y l 8 gam.
a) Xc nh k hiu ha hc X, Y.
b) Trn hai lng cht trn ri nung nng ti nhit thch hp, khng c oxi. Tnh kh i
lng sn phm thu c.
II.2. Hng dn gii hoc p s.
Cu 1:
Ht vi m
proton
Cl
17
Cl-

17

Na
Na+
H2O

11
11
10

notron
18 hoc
20
18 hoc
20
12
12
8

electron
17
18
11
10
10

Cu 2:
H
Na
Cu
Ag
23
22
21
s nguyn t
6,023.10
2,619.10
9,41.10
5,577.1021
Cu 3: Ca3(PO4)3 < CuO < CH3COOH <H2O
Cu 4:
a) Trong phn t nc (H2O): nguyn t oxi c khi lng gp 7,936.2=15,872 ln khi lng
nguyn t hiro.
b) Nu qui c chn khi lng nguyn t hiro lm n v th oxi c nguyn t khi:
MO=15,872.
c) Nu chn 1/16 khi lng nguyn t oxi lm n v th hiro c nguyn t khi:
MH=16/15,872=1,008.
d) Nu chn 1/12 khi lng nguyn t 12C lm n v th MC=12, do :
MH=12/11,9059=1,0079
v MO=1,0079.15,872=15,9974.
Cu 5:
a) Khi lng mol ca natri bng 22,99 g/mol
nNa=29,89/22,99=1,3 mol
75,97 29,89
= 35, 45 g / mol

nCl=nNa=1,3 mol
khi lng mol ca clo=
1,3

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b) Mun trung ha mt ion Na+ cn mt in lng bng 1,602.10-19C. Nh vy mun trung

ha 1 mol ion Na+ cn mt in lng l: 1,602.10-19.6,023.1023=9,6472.104C.
T , in lng cn thit trong qa trnh in phn trn l: 9,6472.104.1,3=12,5414.104C.
Cu 6:
a) i vi 1 mol phn t kh ta c: PV=RT. iu kin tiu chun:
T0=273K
P0=1 atm=1,013.105 Pa (N/m2)
V0=22,4 l/mol=22,4.10-3 m3/mol
PV
1, 013.105.22, 4.10 3
0 0
=
= 8,31 Nm / Kmol = 8,31 J / molK
Do : R=
T0
273
b) Tng t vi: V0=22,4 l/mol v T0=273K
1.22, 4
= 0, 082 atm.l / K .mol

R=
273
Cu 7: 285K v P=1atm, V=50 lt
273K v P=1atm, V0=?
V0 V
VT0 50.273
=
=
= 46, 2 lit

V0 =
T0 T
T
295
vy nP=46,2/22,4=2,06 mol v MP=31
s mol nguyn t photpho trong 1 mol phn t kh=
250
=4.
2, 06.31
Vy trong 1 phn t photpho c 4 nguyn t photpho.
Cu 8: NO2 v N2O4
Cu 10: MX = 44 gam
Cu 11: mCO2=44.0,15 = 6,6 gam

mY = 2mCO2 = 13,2 gam

Cu 12: Phng trnh phn ng:
K2SO3 + H2SO4
K2SO4 + H2O + CO2
Ta c: nSO2=0,18 mol
nK2SO3=nSO2=0,18 mol
mK2SO3=28,44 gam
v: nH2SO4=0,36 mol
mH2SO4=35,28 gam
Cu 13:
a) Phng trnh phn ng:
H2 + 1/2O2
H2O
CO + 1/2 O2
CO2
CH4 + 2O2
CO2 + 2H2O
Thnh phn % s mol hay th tch cc kh trong hn hp Y l: 40% H2; 25% CO v 35% CH4.
b)
Cu 14:
dD/N 2 M D
=
= 2, 287
M D = 64
a) Ta c:
D l SO2
mui cho c th l
d N 2/ H 2
28
KHSO3 hoc K2SO3
b) Phng trnh phn ng:
Ta c: nSO2 = 0,3 mol.
- Trng hp 1: nu A l KHSO3
B l KHSO4
mKHSO3 = 36 gam
mKHSO4 = 40,8 gam
- Trng hp 2: nu A l K2SO3
B l K2SO4
mK2SO3 = 47,4 gam
mK2SO4 = 52,2 gam
Cu 15:
2
Ta c s ; Fe2(SO4)3
3 SO4
3H2SO4

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nH2SO4=0,018 mol
mH2SO4=1,764 gam
Cu 16: Phng trnh phn ng:
CaCO3 + 2HCl
CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
x
2x mol
MgCO3 + 2HCl
MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
y
2y mol
Gi x, y l s mol CaCO3, MgCO3 trong 14,2 gam hn hp u, ta c: x=0,1 mol; y=0,05 mol

mCaCO3=10 gam; mMgCO3 = 4,2 gam

Cu 17:
a) Phng trnh phn ng:
MHCO3 + HCl
MCl + H2O + CO2
x
2x
x
x mol
M2CO3 + 2HCl
2MCl + H2O + CO2
y
2y
2y
y mol
- Gi cng thc chung ca 2 mui l ACO3

A+60=126
A=66
M+1 < 66 < 2M
33 < M < 65
M l K
- Gi x, y l s mol KHCO3 v K2CO3 trong hn hp,ta c: x=0,05 mol v y=0,1 mol.
- T : mKHCO3 = 5 gam; mK2CO3 = 13,8 gam
b) Theo cc phng trnh: mKCl = 74,5(0,05 + 0,2) = 18,625 gam
Cu 18:
a) Theo bi ra ta c: 1,15M2 0,8M 67,2 = 0 (trong M l khi lng nguyn t ca X)

M1 = 24 v M2 = -18,67 (loi)
Vy X l Mg
Y l S
b) Phng trnh phn ng: Mg + S
MgS
Theo ta c: mMgS = 11,2 gam

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