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NGHA CA BNG TUN HON

M O

S TT O o

MO QUAN HEGI V I MO Q U AI S TT c o h V TR O :15 O

Bi 1. Da vo nguyn t Mg (Z =12) trong bng tun hon a) Hy nu tnh cht sau ca cc nguyn t : - Tnh kim loi hay tnh phi kim - Ha tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi - Cng thc oxit cao nht, ca hidroxit tng ng v tnh cht ca n. b) So snh tnh cht ha hc ca nguyn t Mg (Z=12) vi Na (Z=11) v Al (Z=13) HD : a) Hy nu t/c sau ca cc nguyn t : - Tnh KL - Ha tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi : 2 - CT oxit cao nht:MgO - CT hidroxit tng ng :Mg(OH)2 -Tnh cht : Tnh baz mnh b) So snh tnh cht ha hc ca nguyn t Mg (Z=12) vi Na (Z=11) v Al (Z=13)

S TT n o h Chuk : 3 Chuk
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Ca

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NGHA CA BNG TUN HON - Tnh KL: Na > Mg > Al . Bi 2. Da vo nguyn t Br (Z =35) trong BTH a) Hy nu tnh cht sau ca cc nguyn t: - Tnh kim loi hay tnh phi kim - Ha tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi - Cng thc hp cht kh ca Brom vi hidro b) So snh tnh cht ha hc ca nguyn t Br ( Z=35 ) vi Cl ( Z = 17 ) v I ( Z = 53 ) . HD : a) Hy nu t/c sau ca cc nguyn t: - Tnh PK - Ha tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi: 7 - CT hp cht kh ca Brom vi hidro : HBr b) So snh tnh cht ha hc ca nguyn t Br ( Z = 35 ) vi Cl ( Z = 17 ) v I ( Z = 53 ) - Tnh PK : Cl > Br > I . Bi 3. Da vo qui lut bin i tnh kim loi , phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong BTH, hy tr li cc cu hi sau: a) Nguyn t no l kim loi mnh nht ? Nguyn t no l phi kim mnh nht ? b) Cc nguyn t kim loi c phn b trong khu vc no trong bng tun hon ? c) Cc nguyn t phi kim c phn b trong khu vc no trong bng tun ? d) Nhm no gm nhng nguyn t kim loi in hnh? Nhm no gm hu ht cc nguyn t phi kim in hnh? e) Cc nguyn t kh him nm khu vc no trong bng tun hon ? HD : a) Nguyn t Cs l kim loi mnh nht. Nguyn t F l phi kim mnh nht. b) Cc nguyn t KL c phn b trong khu vc ngoi cng pha bn tri trong BTH. c) Cc nguyn t PK c phn b trong khu vc bn phi gn nhm kh him trong BTH. d) Nhm IA gm nhng nguyn t KL in hnh. Nhm VIIA gm hu ht cc nguyn t PK in hnh. e) Cc nguyn t kh him nm khu vc ngoi cng bn phi trong BTH. Bi 4 Nguyn t At ( Z=85) thuc chu k 6, nhm VIIA .Hy d on tnh cht ha hc c bn ca n v so snh vi cc nguyn t khc trong nhm. HD : Nguyn t At ( Z=85 ) thuc chu k 6, nhm VIIA. - Tnh cht ha hc c bn : tnh oxi ha . - Tnh Oxi ha (PK) : F > Cl > Br > I > At . Bi 5. Nguyn t clo thuc chu k 3 v nhm VII A , hy nu c im cu hnh electron nguyn t v tnh cht ha hc c bn ca clo . HD : Clo thuc chu k 3 Clo c 3 lp . Nhm VIIA lp ngoi cng 7 e ang in vo phn lp s v phn lp p . Cu hnh e : 1s22s22p63s23p5 hay [Ne] 3s23p5 . Tnh cht ha hc c bn : * D nhn thm 1 electron t c cu hnh electron vng bn ca kh Ar Clo l phi kim in hnh . * Ha tr cao nht i vi oxi l 7 Oxit bc cao nht : Cl2O7 l oxit axit . Hiro xit HClO4 l axit mnh nht . * Ha tr trong hp cht kh vi hiro l 1 : HCl . -2-

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NGHA CA BNG TUN HON Bi 6. Cho 3,6 gam mt nguyn t X thuc nhm IIA trong bng tun hon tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc) v 53,3 gam dung dch A . a). Da vo bng tun hon xc nh tn kim loi . b). Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch axit dng . c). So snh cc i lng : bn knh nguyn t , m in ca X vi cc nguyn t xung quanh n trong bng h thng tun hon . d). So snh tnh cht ha hc ca X vi cc nguyn t ln cn trong bng tun hon . HD :
n H 2 = 0,15( mol )

X 0,15 MX = b).

3,6 = 24 . Vy X l Mg . 0,15
%HCl =

2HCl 0,3

XCl2

H2 0,15 (mol)

p dung LBT khi lng : m X + m ddHCl = mddA + m H m ddHCl = 50(g)

2

Trong nhm IIA : Bn knh nguyn t : Ca > Mg > Be ; m in : Ca < Mg < Be . Trong chu k 3 : Bn knh nguyn t : Na > Mg > Al ; m in : Na < Mg < Al . d). Tnh kim loi : Ca > Mg > Be ; Tnh bazo : Ca(OH)2 > Mg(OH)2 > Be(OH)2 . Tnh kim loi : Na > Mg > Al ; Tnh bazo : NaOH > Mg(OH)2 > Al(OH)3 . Bi 7.Cc nguyn t A, B, C c s nguyn t ln lt l 3 s nguyn lin tip.Tng s ht electron ca 3 nguyn t l 45.D l nguyn t cng mt nhm vi B v tng s hiu nguyn t ca B v D l 22 a). Xc nh cc nguyn t A, B, C v D . b). Xc nh v tr ca A, B, C, D trong bng tun hon . c). So snh tnh cht ha hc c bn ca A, B, C, D . HD : Gi Z l s hiu nguyn t ca A th Z + 1 , Z + 2 ln lt l s hiu nguyn t ca B, C . Do : Z + Z + 1 + Z + 2 = 45 Z = 14 . Ta c : ZB + ZD = 22 ZD = 7 Vy A (Z = 14) l Si ; B (Z = 15) l P ; C(Z = 16) l S ; D (Z = 7) l N . b). A : 2/8/4 14 , chu k 3, nhm IVA . B : 2/8/5 15, chu k 3, nhm VA . 16C : 2/8/6 16, chu k 3, nhm VI A . 7D : 2/5 7 , chu k 2, nhm VA .
14 15

c).

0,3 36,5 .100% = 21,9% . 50

c).

Tnh phi kim : * Trong chu k 3 : Si < P < S * Trong nhm VA : N > P * Xt m in : S = 2,58 < N = 3,04 Tnh phi kim S < N . Vy tnh phi kim : Si < P < S < N . Tnh axit ca oxit axit v axit : SiO2 < P2O5 < SO3 v P2O5 < N2O5 ; H2SiO3 < H3PO4 < H2SO4 V H3PO4 < HNO3 .

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NGHA CA BNG TUN HON

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