Chng 1:

CC PHNG THC GIAO DCH TRN TH TRNG TH GII

inh Khng Duy khuongduy@ftu.edu.vn

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inh Khng Duy

TI LIU THAM KHO

Gio trnh Giao dch thng mi quc t, NXB Gio dc, 2007. Lut Thng mi 2005. B Lut Dn s 2005. Lut u thu 2005. Cc vn bn hng dn thi hnh Lut Cng c Lin hp quc v Hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t - Cng c Vin1980.

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I. PHNG THC GIAO DCH THNG THNG

c trng Thc hin trn nguyn tc t nguyn, t do; ng tin thanh ton c th l ngoi t ca t nht 1 bn; Ch th c tr s thng mi cc quc gia khc nhau Hng ha c th di chuyn qua bin gii/ bin gii hi quan quc gia.
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1. PHNG THC GIAO DCH TRC TIP

1.1. Hi gi Xt v mt php l: Li thnh cu bc vo giao dch ca bn mua Xt v mt thng mi: Bn mua ngh bn bn bo cho mnh bit gi c ca hng ha v cc iu kin mua hng. 1.2. Cho hng 1.2.1. Khi nim Cho hng l li ngh k kt hp ng xut pht t bn bn
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1.2.2. Hnh thc Vn bn, li ni, hnh vi c th 1.2.3. Phn loi a. Cho hng c nh Xc nh y cc yu t cn thit ca H Th hin ch ca bn cho mun c rng buc v hp ng b. Cho hng t do Li ngh gi cho nhiu ngi; Khng rng buc trch nhim ca bn CH; Th hin trn b mt l cho hng t do.
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c. Phn bit cho hng c nh v t do Tiu cho hng Ni dung C s vit th Bn nhn cho hng Thi hn hiu lc ca cho hng 1.2.4. iu kin hiu lc ca cho hng Bn c cho nhn c cho hng Cho hng hp php: Ch th, ND, hnh thc, i tng 1.2.5. Thu hi, hy b cho hng Cho hng, d l khng hy ngang, cng c th c thu hi nu nh thu hi cho hng n c vi ngi c cho hng trc hoc cng lc vi cho hng. (iu 15, Cng c Vin 1980)
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iu 16, 17, Cng c Vin 1980: Cho ti thi im hnh thnh hp ng, mt cho hng vn c th c hy b nu nh hy b cho hng n c vi ngi c cho hng trc thi im anh ta gi i chp nhn cho hng. Tuy nhin mt cho hng khng th hy ngang nu: Th hin r cho hng khng th hy ngang hoc th hin r mt khong thi gian chp nhn cho hng. Bn c cho hnh ng trn c s tin tng cho hng l khng th hy ngang. Mt cho hng, d l khng th hy ngang, cng s ht hiu lc k t thi im t chi cho hng n c vi ngi cho hng.
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1.3. t hng Khi nim: L ngh k kt hp ng xut pht t pha ngi mua, th hin nh mun mua hng ca ngi mua theo mt s iu kin nht nh. t hng thng l cho hng c nh, c s dng khi ngi bn v ngi mua c mi quan h t trc. 1.4. Hon gi Khi nim: Hon gi l s mc c v gi c v cc iu kin giao dch. Hon gi bao gm nhiu s tr gi. Hon gi bin CHC thnh CHTD. Theo BLDS 2005: Khi bn c ngh chp nhn giao kt hp ng, nhng c nu iu kin hoc sa i th coi nh ngi ny a ra ngh mi.
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1.5. Chp nhn cho hng 1.5.1. Khi nim L s ng cc ni dung ca cho hng m pha bn kia a ra, th hin ch ng tnh vi pha bn kia k kt H. Theo iu 18, Cng c Vin 1980, s im lng hay bt tc vi t n khng phi l chp nhn cho hng. 1.5.2.Phn loi Chp nhn v iu kin Chp nhn c bo lu Thay i ND ch yu ca cho hng: to thnh hon gi. Thay i c bn gm: Gi c, Thanh ton, S lng v Cht lng hng ha, a im v Thi gian giao hng, Phm vi ngha v ca mt bn vi bn kia; Gii quyt tranh chp. (iu 19 Cng c Vin 1980) Khng thay i ni dung ch yu ca cho hng: Tr phi ngi cho hng ngay lp tc, khng chm tr phn i bng ming hay gi i mt thng ip; hp ng coi nh c hnh thnh vi cc iu khon nh trong chp nhn cho hng (bao gm c cc thay i khng c bn).
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1.5.3. Tnh hiu lc ca chp nhn cho hng Ngi c cho hng phi chp nhn trong thi hn hiu lc ca cho hng. Chp nhn c hiu lc vo thi im n c truyn t n ngi cho hng, trong khong thi gian m ngi cho hng nu r; hoc nu ngi cho hng khng nu r th trong mt khong thi gian hp l c xt ti hon cnh giao dch v tc ca phng thc truyn t m bn c cho s dng. Cho hng bng li ni phi c chp nhn ngay lp tc tr khi c ch dn khc. Nu do tp qun giao dch gia cc bn hoc do tnh cht ca cho hng, ngi c cho c th th hin s chp nhn bng hnh vi m khng cn bo cho ngi cho hng bit. Chp nhn cho hng c hiu lc t thi im ngi c cho thc hin hnh vi , nhng vn phi trong khong thi gian hiu lc ca cho hng. Chp nhn khng c s ph thuc vo mt vi bc tip theo m cc bn thc hin Lu : Chp nhn cho hng c hiu lc th H c k kt.
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1.5.4. Hnh thc ca chp nhn Li ni, hnh vi hoc vn bn. 1.5.5. Chp nhn cho hng n mun - Chp nhn cho hng n mun vn c coi l c hiu lc nu ngi cho hng khng chm tr thng bo cho ngi c cho hoc gi i mt thng ip v vic . - Chp nhn cho hng n mun do k thut truyn pht vn c coi l c hiu lc tr phi ngi cho hng thng bo cho ngi c cho rng cho hng ht hiu lc. 1.5.6. Thu hi chp nhn Chp nhn cho hng c th c thu hi nu thng ip thu hi n c bn c cho hng trc hoc cng lc chp nhn cho hng c hiu lc.
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1.6. Xc nhn Hai bn mua bn sau khi tha thun cc iu kin giao dch, c khi cn thn trng ghi li mi iu tha thun, gi cho i phng, l vn bn xc nhn. - Vn bn do bn bn gi thng c gi l giy xc nhn bn hng, vn bn do bn mua gi thng c gi l giy xc nhn mua hng. - Xc nhn c lp bng hai cch: + Cch 1: Xc nhn c lp thnh 02 bn, bn xc nhn k trc ri gi cho bn kia. Bn kia k xong, gi li mt bn ri gi tr mt bn + Cch 2: Xc nhn c lp bng 01 vn bn c ch k ca 2 bn, gi l bn tha thun hay H. - Lu : Sau khi thit lp hp ng, nu c nhng thay i, b sung, cc bn cn xc nhn li bng vn bn
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2. PHNG THC GIAO DCH QUA TRUNG GIAN

2.1. Khi nim - L phng thc thit lp mi quan h gia ngi bn v ngi mua thng qua ngi th ba l trung gian thng mi. - Phn loi: Lut TM 2005, iu 3 quy nh: Cc hot ng trung gian thng mi l hot ng ca thng nhn thc hin cc giao dch thng mi cho mt hoc mt s thng nhn c xc nh, bao gm hot ng i din cho thng nhn, mi gii thng mi, y thc mua bn hng ha v i l thng mi.
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2.2. c im TGTM l cu ni gia sn xut v tiu dng, ngi bn v ngi mua Trung gian thng mi hnh ng theo s u thc Tnh cht ph thuc Li nhun chia s u im y mnh hot ng bun bn v trnh ri ro ti nhng th trng mi Tit kim c chi ph u t trc tip y mnh hot ng bn hng thng qua cc dch v ca ngi trung gian. Tit kim chi ph vn ti. Nhc im Mt s lin h trc tip vi th trng Li nhun b chia s. Ri ro ln nu la chn nhm ngi trung gian. i khi b trung gian i hi, yu sch.
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 Nhng trng hp nn s dng TGTM Thm nhp vo th trng mi. Khi gii thiu v kinh doanh mt hng mi. Tp qun th trng i hi phi qua trung gian. Mt hng cn s chm sc c bit: hng ti sng,.. Vic thit lp quan h mua bn b hn ch bi cc quy nh c Nh nc, chnh tr, ngoi giao iu kin tr thnh TGTM L thng nhn theo quy nh ca php lut, Hot ng trong phm vi ngnh ngh ng k, p ng nhng tiu chun c th ca tng lnh vc m thng nhn ng vai tr trung gian.
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2.3. Cc loi hnh trung gian thng mi

2.3.1. Mi gii 2.3.1.2. Khi nim Mi gii thng mi l hot ng thng mi, theo mt thng nhn lm trung gian (gi l bn mi gii) cho cc bn mua bn hng ho, cung ng dch v (gi l bn c mi gii) trong vic m phn, giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ho, dch v v c hng th lao theo hp ng mi gii. (iu 150 Lut Thng mi 2005) 2.3.1.3.c im Mi quan h gia ngi mi gii v ngi y thc da trn s y thc tng ln. Ngi MG khng i din cho quyn li ca bn no Mi gii khng ng tn trn Hp ng Mi gii khng tham gia thc hin Hp ng
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2.3.2. i l 2.3.2.1. Khi nim i l thng mi l hot ng thng mi, theo bn giao i l v bn i l tha thun vic bn i l nhn danh chnh mnh mua, bn hng ha cho bn giao i l hoc cung ng dch v ca bn giao i l cho khch hng hng th lao. (iu 166, Lut Thng mi 2005) 2.3.2.2. c im i l ng tn trong Hp ng; Mi quan h gia ngi y thc v i l l mi quan h di hn; Bn giao i l l ch s hu i vi hng ho hoc tin giao cho bn i l (iu 170, Lut Thng mi 2005).
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2.3.2.3. Phn loi Cn c vo mi quan h gia ngi y thc v l + i l th y + i l hoa hng + i l gi bn + i l kinh tiu Cn c vo phm vi quyn hn ca i l + i l ton quyn + Tng i l + i l thng + i l c bit + i l c quyn Cn c vo lnh vc hot ng ca i l + i l xut khu + i l nhp khu + i l giao nhn + i l lm th tc hi quan,
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i l th y Danh ngha v (Ging i din chi ph ca ngi y thc cho thng nhn) i l hoa hng (Ging y thc mua bn hng ha) i l kinh tiu (Ging i l bao tiu)
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Khon tin hoc % tnh trn kim ngch cng vic

Danh ngha chnh mnh v chi ph ca ngi y thc Danh ngha v chi ph ca chnh mnh
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Hoa hng theo t l tha thun, ty tnh cht v khi lng cng vic Chnh lch gi mua v bn

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2.3.2.4.Hp ng i l Hnh thc: Hp ng i l phi c lp thnh vn bn hoc bng hnh thc khc c gi tr php l tng ng. (iu 168 Lut TM 2005) Ni dung 1) Phn m u 2) Ngy hiu lc v ht hn hp ng 3) Sn phm 4) Khu vc lnh th 5) Quyn v ngha v bn i l 6) Quyn v ngha v ca bn y thc 7) Gi c 8) Th lao v chi ph 9) Thanh l hp ng v cc quy nh v chm dt H 10) Ch k cc bn.
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II. CC PHNG THC GIAO DCH C BIT

1. MUA BN I LU 1.1. Khi nim Mua bn i lu l phng thc giao dch trao i hng ha trong xut khu gn lin vi nhp khu, ngi bn ng thi l ngi mua, lng hng giao i c tr gi bng lng hng nhn v. 1.2. c im Xut khu gn lin vi nhp khu Quan tm ti gi tr s dng ca hng ha trao i ng tin lm chc nng tnh ton m bo s cn bng Cc yu cu cn bng
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1.3. Nguyn nhn tn ti v pht trin - Xut khu nhm thu v mt lng hng ha c gi tr tng ng ch khng phi thu ngoi t v nh XK thng thng - Khc phc s thiu ht v ngoi t NK cc mt hng thit yu v nng cao i sng - p ng nhu cu nhp khu NVL phc v cc ngnh cng nghip trong nc - Gip cc thng nhn hn ch giao dch ngoi hi khi chnh ph kim sot cht ch.

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1.4. Cc loi hnh mua bn i lu 1.4.1. Hng i hng: C in/ Hin i 1.4.2. Nghip v b tr 1.4.2.1. Khi nim 1.4.2.2. Phn loi: Cn c vo thi hn giao hng i lu + B tr trc + B tr song hnh Cn c vo s cn bng gia tr gi hng giao v tr gi hng i lu + B tr mt phn + B tr ton phn + B tr c ti khon bo chng 1.4.3 Nghip v thanh ton hnh bnh hnh Bnh hnh t nhn Bnh hnh cng cng
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1.4.4. Nghip v mua i lu Xut khu hng ho X A B Cam kt A nhp hng ho Y trong tng lai 1.4.5. Giao dch bi hon L giao dch m ngi ta i hng ha v /hoc dch v ly nhng dch v v u hu 1.4.6. Nghip v mua li sn phm Bn cung cp thit b tan b, v/hoc sng ch hoc b quyt k thut (know-how) cho bn khc, ng thi cam kt mua li nhng sn phm do thit b hoc sng ch hoc b quyt k thut ch to ra. 1.4.7. Nghip v chuyn n Bn nhn hng khng thanh ton m chuyn khan n v tin hng cho mt bn th ba bn th ba ny tr tin
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1.5. Hp ng i lu 1.5.1. Hnh thc - Mt hp ng vi hai danh mc hng ha - Hai hp ng, mi hp ng c mt danh mc - Vn bn quy nh nhng nguyn tc chung ca vic trao i (trn c s k kt cc hp ng mua bn c th): Vn bn nguyn tc ( MOU, frame contract, frame agreement) 1.5.2. Ni dung: Danh mc hng ha ( giao v nhn), s lng v tr gi, gi c v cch xc nh, iu kin giao hng,... 1.5.3. Cc bin php bo m thc hin Pht Bn th ba khng ch Th tn dng i ng
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3. GIAO DCH TI XUT

3.1. Khi nim: Giao dch ti xut khu l vic bn li hng ha nhp khu trc y nhm mc ch kim li. 3.2. c im Hng ha cha qua bt k mt khu gia cng, ch bin no. Mc ch thu v mt s ngoi t ln hn vn b ra ban u. Giao dch lun c s tham gia ca 3 bn Giao dch tam gic Hng ha c cung cu ln v bin ng thng xuyn Hng u i v thu v hi quan.
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1.3. Cc loi hnh ti xut 3.1. Ti xut ng thc ngha (tm nhp ti xut) Khi nim: iu 29 Lut Thng mi 2005

Hng

Nc xut khu
Tin
Tm nhp

Nc ti xut Nc nhp khu Lm th tc NK v XK Ti xut

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iu kin kinh doanh TNTX

1.

2.

1.

2.

N 12/ N-CP: Thng nhn c quyn kinh doanh tm nhp ti xut hng ha theo cc quy nh sau y: Vic tm nhp ti xut hng ho thuc Danh mc cm xut khu, tm ngng xut khu, hng ha thuc Danh mc cm nhp khu, tm ngng nhp khu v hng ho thuc Ph lc s 02, s 03 km theo Ngh nh ny (nu c quy nh cp php) thng nhn phi c giy php ca B Thng mi. i vi cc loi hng ho khc khng thuc im a khon 1 iu ny, thng nhn ch cn lm th tc tm nhp ti xut ti Hi quan ca khu. Thng t s 04/2006/TT-BTM: Thng nhn c nhu cu tm nhp ti xut, tm xut ti nhp, chuyn khu cc loi hng phi c giy php ca B Thng mi gi vn bn ngh v B Thng mi theo mu (Ph lc s 04), bo co tnh hnh thc hin tm nhp ti xut, tm xut ti nhp, chuyn khu theo mu (Ph lc s 05) km theo Thng t ny. Hng tm nhp ti xut, tm xut ti nhp, chuyn khu c lm th tc hi quan ti cc ca khu ni c c quan Hi quan theo quy nh hin hnh.
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N 12/2006/N-CP - Hng tm nhp ti xut phi lm th tc hi quan khi nhp khu vo Vit Nam v chu s gim st ca hi quan cho ti khi thc xut khu ra khi Vit Nam. - Thi gian tm nhp cho ti khi ti xut khng qu 120 ngy k t ngy hon thnh th tc hi quan tm nhp. C th xin php Cc hi quan cp tnh/thnh ph ko di thi gian tm nhp ti a 2 ln, mi ln khng qu 30 ngy. u nhc im??
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3.2. Chuyn khu Khi nim: 30 LTM VN 2005

Nc xut khu
(2) (1)

Hng Tin

Nc ti xut Khng lm th tc NK v XK Ca khu trung chuyn Kho ngoi quan hoc Khu vc trung chuyn hng
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Nc nhp khu
(2)

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(1): Chuyn khu cng khai: Hng ho c vn chuyn thng t nc xut khu n nc nhp khu khng qua ca khu nc ti xut Gi nguyn B/L, ch thay ho n thng mi Ngi chuyn khu t chu ri ro ch ph D l ngun hng (2): Chuyn khu b mt: Hng ho c vn chuyn t nc xut khu n nc nhp khu c qua ca khu nc ti xut, c hoc khng a vo kho ngoi quan, khu vc trung chuyn hng ho ti cc cng nc ti xut, khng lm th tc nhp khu vo v khng lm th tc xut khu ra khi nc ti xut. Ngi chuyn khu v ngi nhp khu chu nhiu ri ro hn Kh b l ngun hng Khi nim Kho ngoi quan: 4 Lut Hi Quan 2005 iu kin kinh doanh chuyn khu: 15 N12-CP
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4. Thc hin giao dch ti xut K kt Hp ng: 2 hp ng ring bit nhng c quan h mt thit Quy nh cc bin php bo m thc hin H + t cc + Pht + Th tn dng gip lng ( back to back L/C)

Bn xut khu
L/C Gip lng

Bn nhp khu
L/C Gc

Bn ti xut
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IV. GIA CNG QUC T 1. Khi nim 178 - Lut Thng mi 2005: - Gia cng trong thng mi l hot ng thng mi, theo bn nhn gia cng s dng mt phn hoc ton b nguyn liu, vt liu ca bn giao gia cng thc hin mt hoc nhiu cng on trong qu trnh sn xut theo yu cu ca bn giao gia cng hng th lao. - Gia cng quc t + Bn giao gia cng v bn nhn gia cng: C tr s thng mi hai nc khc nhau hoc hai khu vc hi quan ring theo quy nh ca php lut. +Nguyn liu, bn thnh phm v thnh phm di chuyn qua bin gii.
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- Gia cng quc t l mt hot ng kinh doanh thng mi trong mt bn (gi l bn nhn gia cng) nhp khu nguyn liu, bn thnh phm ca mt bn khc ( gi l bn t gia cng) ch bin thnh ra thnh phm, giao li cho bn t gia cng v nhn th lao ( gi l ph gia cng). 2. c im Tin th lao gia cng tng ng vi lng lao ng hao ph lm ra thnh phm. Quyn s hu v nguyn vt liu, bn thnh phm giao gia cng thng vn thuc v bn giao gia cng Hng u i v thu v hi quan

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3. Cc loi hnh gia cng quc t 3.1. Cn c vo quyn s hu nguyn liu a. Giao nguyn liu, nhn thnh phm Bn t gia cng giao nguyn liu, bn thnh phm cho bn nhn gia cng v sau thi gian sn xut, ch to, s thu hi thnh phm v tr ph gia cng. Trong thi gian ch to, gia cng quyn s hu v nguyn vt liu vn thuc v bn t gia cng.
t gia cng
1

Nhn gia cng

2
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b. Mua nguyn vt liu, bn thnh phm B1. Bn t gia cng bn nguyn vt liu cho bn nhn gia cng v sau thi gian sn xut, ch to s mua li thnh phm, v cc bn c tin hnh vic thanh ton th coi nh l hai hp ng mua bn ring bit v coi nh c s chuyn quyn s hu nguyn vt liu t bn t gia cng sang bn nhn gia cng . - Nu khng c quy nh g th bn nhn gia cng vn c quyn khng ch thnh phm. V vy cc bn cn lu trong hp ng rng buc trch nhim v ngha v ca cc bn trong vic qun l, kim sot v s dng hng ha.
t 1 gia 4 cng
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Nhn gia 3 cng

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B2. Bn t gia cng cho hng mu m sn

phm v h tr ti liu k thut. Bn nhn gia cng trn c s t tm ngun nguyn vt liu u vo (c th nhp khu t bn giao gia cng hoc khng). Bn nhn gia cng khi han thnh s giao thnh phm cho bn t gia cng. i vi hnh thc ny trong Hp ng thng quy nh trch nhim tiu th thnh phm thuc v bn t gia cng. 1
t gia cng
3 4

Nhn gia cng

Bn nguyn vt liu

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c. Hnh thc kt hp 3.2. Cn c vo gi c gia cng a. Hp ng thc chi, thc thanh ( Cost Plus Contract) b. Hp ng khon: Xc nh mt gi nh mc (target price) cho mi sn phm, bao gm chi ph nh mc v th lao nh mc. Quy nh gi gia cng.
CMT

( Cutting, Making, Trimming) CMP ( Cutting, making, packing) CMQ ( cutting, making, quota) CMTQ, CMPQ

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3.3. Cn c vo s bn tham gia a. Gia cng hai bn (gia cng gin n) b. Gia cng nhiu bn ( gia cng chuyn tip): bn nhn gia cng l mt s doanh nghip m sn phm gia cng ca n v trc l i tng gia cng ca n v sau , cn bn t gia cng vn ch l mt. 1
t gia cng 3 2 Nhn gia cng

Nhn gia cng chuyn tip

N12/2006/N-CP. .34. Gia cng chuyn tip Thng nhn c quyn gia cng chuyn tip Sn phm gia cng ca hp ng gia cng cng on trc c giao cho thng nhn theo ch nh ca bn t gia cng cho hp ng gia cng cng on tip theo.
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4. Hp ng gia cng 4.1. Khi nim Hp ng gia cng l s tho thun gia cc bn, theo bn nhn gia cng thc hin cng vic to ra sn phm theo yu cu ca bn t gia cng, cn bn t gia cng nhn sn phm v tr tin cng. 4.2. Hnh thc: 179 LTM VN 2005: Vn bn 4.3. Ni dung 1) Tn v a ch cc bn 2) Sn phm gia cng 3) Gi gia cng

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4)

Thi hn v phng thc thanh ton Chuyn tin Nh thu + Nhn nguyn vt liu: D/A + Giao thnh phm: D/P Th tn dng + Nhn NVL, giao thnh phm: Bn nhn gia cng m L/C tr chm, bn t gia cng m L/C tr ngay + Mua NVL, bn thnh phm: Bn nhn gia cng m L/C tr ngay v bn t gia cng m L/C tr ngay.
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NH bn t gia cng (2) (5) (3) (4) Bn t gia cng (8)

NH bn nhn gia cng

(1)

(7)

Bn nhn gia cng

(1) (2) (3): Bn nhn gia cng m L/C tr chm, tr tin nguyn vt liu (Baby L/C). (4): Bn t gia cng giao nguyn vt liu chnh (5) (6) (7): Bn t gia cng m L/C tr ngay, tr tin cho thnh phm (Master L/C) (8) : Bn nhn gia cng giao thnh phm, thanh ton tin v tr i tr gi Baby L/C.
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5) 6)

7)

8) 9) 10)

Danh mc v tr gi my mc thit b cho thu, cho mn hoc tng cho phc v gia cng Bin php x l ph liu, ph thi v nguyn tc x l my mc, thit b thu mn, nguyn liu, ph liu vt t d tha sau khi kt thc HGC Danh mc, s lng, tr gi nguyn liu, ph liu, vt t nhp khu v nguyn liu, ph liu, vt t sn xut trong nc (nu c) gia cng; nh mc s dng nguyn liu, ph liu, vt t; nh mc vt t tiu hao v t l hao ht nguyn liu trong gia cng a im v thi gian giao hng Nhn hiu hng ha v tn gi xut x Thi hn hiu lc H

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V. U GI 1. Khi nim: 185 LTM VN 2005 u gi l hot ng thng mi, theo ngi bn hng t mnh hoc thu ngi t chc u gi thc hin vic bn hng ha cng khai chn ngi mua tr gi cao nht. 2. c im: T chc cng khai mt ni nht nh, thi im xc nh; Ngi mua c xem hng trc v t do cnh tranh; Th trng thuc v ngi bn; Hng ha: Kh tiu chun ha v/hoc hng ha qu him, c o c gi tr ln. Ngi t chc u gi c th l ngi bn hng ha, hoc l ngi kinh doanh dch v u gi hng ha.
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3. Phn loi u gi thng nghip u gi phi thng nghip 4. Phng thc tin hnh a. C ting ni Tr gi ln (kiu c) t gi xung (kiu H Lan) b. Khng c ting ni 5. Cch thc tin hnh u gi Bc 1: Chun b u gi - K H t chc - Chun b hng ho - Xy dng th l u gi - Thng bo, nim yt thng tin Bc 2: Trng by hng ha Bc 3: Tin hnh u gi Bc 4: Lp vn bn bn u gi v giao hng ha
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VI. U THU 1. Khi nim: 214 Lut TM 2005 u thu hng ha, dch v l hot ng thng mi, theo mt bn mua hng ha, dch v thng qua mi thu (gi l bn mi thu) nhm la chn trong s cc thng nhn tham gia u thu (gi l bn d thu) thng nhn p ng tt nht cc yu cu do bn mi thu t ra v c la chn k kt v thc hin hp ng (gi l bn trng thu). 2. c im Hng ha: Tr gi cao, khi lng ln v a dng, hu hnh v v hnh Phng thc giao dch c bit B rng buc bi cc iu kin vay v s dng vn
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3.Cc hnh thc u thu Cn c vo s lng nh thu tham gia u thu rng ri: 18 Lut u thu 2005 - Khng s tuyn - C s tuyn u thu hn ch - Trng hp p dng: 19 Lut u thu 2005 + Yu cu bn cho vay + K thut cao, nghin cu th nghim + Ti thiu phi mi 5 nh thu Ch nh thu
- Trng hp p dng: 20 Lut u thu 2005 + S c nghim trng cn khc phc ngay + Yu cu bn cho vay + B mt quc gia + m bo s tng thch

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 Cn

c vo phng thc u thu

- u thu 1 giai on u thu 01 ti h s u thu 02 ti h s - u thu 2 giai on: 26 Lut u thu

2005
Cn

c vo i tng u thu cung ng dch v u thu mua sm hng ha

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iu 26. Phng thc u thu 1. Phng thc u thu mt ti h s c p dng i vi hnh thc u thu rng ri v u thu hn ch cho gi thu mua sm hng ha, xy lp, gi thu EPC. Nh thu np h s d thu gm xut v k thut v xut v ti chnh theo yu cu ca h s mi thu. Vic m thu c tin hnh mt ln. 2. Phng thc u thu hai ti h s c p dng i vi u thu rng ri v u thu hn ch trong u thu cung cp dch v t vn. Nh thu np xut v k thut v xut v ti chnh ring bit theo yu cu ca h s mi thu. Vic m thu c tin hnh hai ln; trong , xut v k thut s c m trc nh gi, xut v ti chnh ca tt c cc nh thu c xut k thut c nh gi l p ng yu cu c m sau nh gi tng hp. Trng hp gi thu c yu cu k thut cao th xut v ti chnh ca nh thu t s im k thut cao nht s c m xem xt, thng tho.
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3. Phng thc u thu hai giai on c p dng i vi hnh thc u thu rng ri, u thu hn ch cho gi thu mua sm hng ha, xy lp, gi thu EPC c k thut, cng ngh mi, phc tp, a dng v c thc hin theo trnh t sau y: a) Trong giai on mt, theo h s mi thu giai on mt, cc nh thu np xut v k thut, phng n ti chnh nhng cha c gi d thu; trn c s trao i vi tng nh thu tham gia giai on ny s xc nh h s mi thu giai on hai; b) Trong giai on hai, theo h s mi thu giai on hai, cc nh thu tham gia giai on mt c mi np h s d thu giai on hai bao gm: xut v k thut; xut v ti chnh, trong c gi d thu; bin php bo m d thu.
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Cn c vo hnh thc Hp ng Hnh thc trn gi Hnh thc theo n gi Hnh thc theo t l phn trm Hnh thc theo thi gian 4. Cch thc tin hnh 1) Chun b u thu 2) S tuyn 3) Ch dn, gii p thc mc cho nh thu 4) Thu nhn v qun l h s d thu 5) M thu 6) So snh v nh gi h s d thu 7) Xp hng v la chn nh thu 8) Thng bo kt qu v k kt Hp ng 9) Bn trng thu t cc, k qu hoc np bo lnh thc hin H.

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Quy trnh nghip v u thu

Bn d thu Tip nhn Lm n xin d thu Mua HSDT Np HSDT+t cc Tham d K H Bn mi thu K hoch u thu Thng bo mi thu S tuyn ln danh sch ngn Bn HSDT Gii p thc mc Tip nhn M thu nh gi
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C quan qun l Duyt

Duyt Duyt

Ph duyt Ph duyt
52

K Hinh Khng Duy

VII. S GIAO DCH HNG HA (158/2006/N-CP) 1. Khi nim S giao dch hng ha l mt th trng c bit ti thng qua nhng ngi mi gii do S giao dch ch nh, ngi ta mua bn cc loi hng ha c khi lng ln,c tnh cht ng loi,c phm cht c th thay th c cho nhau. 2. c im: Giao dch din ra ti a im, thi gian c nh Hng ha: Tnh cht ng loi, tiu chun ha cao, khi lng mua bn ln, d dng thay th cho nhau.

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Vic mua bn thng qua mi gii mua bn S giao dch ch nh. Vic mua bn tun theo nhng quy nh, tiu chun ca S giao dch. S GD hng ha tp trung cung v cu v mt mt hng giao dch trong mt khu vc, mt thi im nht nh, th hin c s bin ng ca gi c. Ch yu l giao dch khng 3. Cc loi hnh giao dch ti SGDHH 3.1. Giao dch giao ngay (Spot Transaction): Hng ha c giao ngay v tr tin vo lc k kt hp ng.

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3.2. Giao dch k hn ( Forward Transaction) Giao dch m gi c c n nh vo lc k kt H nhng vic thc hin H (giao hng v thanh ton) c tin hnh sau mt k hn nht nh, nhm mc ch thu li nhun do chnh lch gi gia lc k kt H v lc thc hin H. - Giao dch theo hnh thc ny ch yu l GD khng do nhng ngi u c thc hin. C hai loi u c: u c gi ln (bull) v u c gi xung (bear). - Cc bn c th linh hot thc hin nghip v hon mua hoc hon bn bng cc khan n b hon mua (do bn mua tr cho bn bn) v khan n b hon bn (do bn bn tr cho bn mua), hon ngy thanh tan n k hn sau.
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V d Giao dch k hn (1): Ngy 1/10, k H k hn 1 thng bn 10MT hng ho X vi gi 500$/MT (2): Ngy 30/10, gi hng ho X trn th trng gim xung cn 400$/MT: Ngi bn (Bear) li 1000$, ngi mua (Bull) l 1000$. Ngi bn nhn 1000$ do ngi mua np ti phng thanh ton b tr

Ngi bn - Bear 2
1

Ngi mua - Bull

Phng thanh ton b tr

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3.3. Nghip v t bo him ( Hedging) L nghip v mua bn m bn cnh vic mua bn thc t ngi ta tin hnh cc nghip v mua bn khng ti SGD nhm trnh c nhng ri ro do bin ng v gi c. V d: 1 2 Ngi Ngi bn mua
3 3

Phng thanh ton b tr (1). Bn bn mua mt l hng X trn th trng gi 300USD/MT bn li 1 thng sau (2).Bn bn d kin gi hng X s gim sau 1 thng nn vo s giao dch bn khng l hng gi 300USD/MT (3). Sau 1 thng nu gi hng X gim xung 200USD/MT th ngi bn s l 100USD/MT trong giao dch trn th trng thc nhng li 100USD/MT trong giao dch khng ti SGD v ngc li
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3.4. Hp ng quyn chn (Option Contract) Hp ng v quyn chn mua hoc quyn chn bn l tha thun, theo bn mua quyn c quyn c mua hoc bn mt hng ha xc nh vi mc gi nh trc (gi l gi giao kt) v phi tr mt khon tin nht nh mua quyn ny (gi l tin mua quyn). Bn mua quyn c quyn chn thc hin hoc khng thc hin vic mua hoc bn HH . 4. Cch thc tin hnh giao dch ti SGDHH

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