CHNG I:

GII THIU CNG NGH

A)TNG QUT V CU TO V NGUYN L LM VIC CA C QUY

Trong thc t hin nay ngi ta s dng c hai loi c quy axt v c quy kim nhng thng dng nht t trc n nay vn l c quy axt v so vi c quy kim n c sc in ng ca mi cp bn cc cao hn , c in tr trong nh hn mc d c quy kim c kh nhiu u im v c trin vng tt trong tng lai .

1.Cu to ca bnh c quy axt

Bnh c quy axt gm v bnh c cc ngn ring thng l ba hoc su ngn tu theo loi c quy 6V hay 12V . Trong mi ngn c t khi bn cc gm phn phi bn cc dng v phn phi bn cc m ngn cch vi nhau bng cc tm ngn . Mi ngn nh vy c coi l mt c quy n . Cc c quy n ni tip vi nhau bng cc cu ni v to thnh bnh c quy . Ngn u v ngn cui c u t do v c lm theo dng cn . Mt trn c du ( + ) hoc (- ) to thnh cc u cc cu c quy . Dung dch in phn ( dung dch axt sunfuric ) c vo tng ngn theo mc quy nh . Thng ngi ta ngp qu cnh trn cu cc bn cc khong 10 15 mm . trnh h hng cho cc tm ngn v bn cc khi kim mc dung dch trong mi ngn ngi ta thng t trn mi bn cc mt tm bo v bng li clovinhin hoc vinhiplat . Trn cng ca mi ngn c np v m bo kn gia np vi thnh v bnh ngi ta mt lp sp chu axit gm khong 75% nha ng v 25% du my . a)V bnh :

V bnh c quy hin nay c ch to bng cc loi nha bnt hoc axphantpc hoc cao su nha cng . So vi nha axphantpc th bnit c bn hn v kh nng chu axt tt hn nhiu . tng bn vng v kh nng chu axit cho bnh nha axphantpc , khi ch ta ngi ta p vo bn trong bnh mt lp lt chu axit dy 0,6 mm bng pluclovinlim . Nh lp ny m tui th ca v bnh tng ln 2-3 ln . c im ca v bnh l pha trong chia thnh cc vch ngn ring bit bng nhng vch ngn kn v chc . y ca mi ngn c 4 sng khi bn cc to thnh khong trng gia y bnh v mt di ca khi bn cc . Nh vy m trnh c hin tng chp mch gia cc bn cc do cht kt ta ri xung y bnh gy nn . mt s bnh c quy c ln ngi ta c th lp thm cc quai st vo v bnh khi di chuyn c d dng hn . b)Bn cc , phn khi bn cc v khi bn cc : Bn cc gnm ct hnh mt co , trn trt y cht tc dng . Ct c bng hp kim ch -Stibi ( Sh ) (87-95% +5-13% Sb). Stibi trong hp kim c tc dng tng cng vng v gim han g cho ct . Hp kim na so vi ch Pb nguyn cht c h s n di nh , nhit nng chy thp hn v c tnh c tt hn . Ct gia cc cht tc dng v phn phi dng in bng khp b mt bn cc . iu ny c ngha c bit quan trng i vi cc bn cc dng v in tr ca cc cht tc dng ( oxit ch PbO2 ) ln gp 10.000 ln in tr ca ch nguyn cht . Do cng tng chiu dy ca ct th in tr trong c quy s cng nh . Ct c khung bao quanh , c vu hn ni cc bn cc thnh phn phn khi bn cc v c hai chn t ln cc sng y bnh c quy . Chn ca cc bn cc dng v m phi c phn b sao cho phn khi
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bn cc dng t ln mt i sng so le cn phn khi phn cc m t ln i sng so le kia . S phn b nh vy trnh c hin tng chp mch qua phn sng . V in ct ca bn cc m khng phi l yu t quyt nh v li chng cng t b han g nrrn ngi ta thng lm mng hn bn cc dng . c bit l hai tm bn ca phn khi bn cc m li cng mng v chng ch lm vic c mt pha gip vi bn cc dng . Cht tc dng c ch to t bt ch , dung dch axit sunfuric v khong 3% cht n nh mui ca cc axit hu c v nhng cht hu c tng hp v.v.. i vi bn cc m , cn i vi bn cc dng th cht tc dng c ch to t cc xit ch Pb3O4 , PbO v dung dch axit sunfic . Cht n trong bn cc m c tc dng tng xp , gim kh nng co v hin tng chng ho ca do bn cc . Cc bn cn c xp v bn cao th in dung ca c quy mi ln v tui th mi m bo . Cc bn sau khi trt y cht tc dng c p li sy kh v thc hin qu trnh to cc , tc l chng c ngm vo dung dch axit sunfuric long v np vo dng in nh. Sau qa trnh nh vy cht tc dng cc bn cc dng hon ton tr thnh PbO2 ( mu gch sm ) . Cn cc bn cc m thanh Pb ( ch xp mu ghi ) . Sau cc bn cc c em ra , sy kh v lp rp . Nhng bn cc cng loi ( cng dng hoc cng m ) c hn vo vu cc theo du theo s lng quy nh v to thnh khi bn cc , khong cch gia cc khi bn cc trong phn phi phi cha mt bn cc khc loi v cc tm cch in tm ngn . Cc khi bn cc v tm ngn c lp li thnh khi bn cc sao cho cc bn cc m v dng xen k nhau v cch in ci nhau bng cc tm
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ngn c i xp cao . Trong mi khi bn cc s bn cc m , bao gi cng nhiu hn s bn cc dng mt bn vi mc ch s dng cc bn cc dng trit hn v gim bt cong vnh cho cc bn cc dng hai bn khi dng in phng hoc np ln . c) Tm ngn : Tm ngn c tc dng chng chp mch gia cc bn cc dng v m ng thi cht tc dng cc bn cc bt b bong ri ra khi s dng c quy . Cc tm ngn phi l cht cch in , c xp thch hp khng ngn cn dung dch in phn thm n cc bn cc . Chng phi bn vng c do , chu axit v khng cha cc tp cht c ha , nht l st . Cc tm ngn hin nay thng c ch to bng mipo ( bnit xp mn ) , miplt ( pliclounnhin xp mn ) , platchipo ( pclovinhin xp mn ) , prvinhin , pnpht hoc bng thu tinh ghp vi miplat hoc g v.v... Cu to tm ngn c dng hnh ch nht . Cc tm ngn bng mipo , miplt , pnplt thng dy 1,5 2,4 mm v c mt mt phng hng v pha bn cc m cn mt mt c hnh sng hoc c g hng v pha bn cc dng , to iu kin cho dung dch in phn d lun chuyn hn n cc bn cc dng v dung dch lu thng tt hn . m bo cch in tt nht , cc tm ngn c lm rng hn so vi cc bn cc c bit l chiu cao . i vi cc tm ngn kt hp th lp bng thu tinh thng dy 0,4 0,8 mm ghp vi tm ngn miplt to thnh tm ngn hai lp hay thng gi l tm ngn kp . Loi ny tng c tui th ca c quy nhng c tnh s dng li km i khong 10% . Trong mt vi trng hp ngi ta cn s dng tm ngn kp bng g v li nha

d) Np , nt v cu ni : Np lm bng nha bnit (i vi bnh lm bng bnit ) v bng baklit ( i vi bnh bng nha axphantpc ) . Np c hai loi : 1-Tng np ring cho mi ngn ( np ngn ) 2-Np chung cho c bnh ( np bnh ) . Loi ny kt cu phc tp nhng kn tt . Kt cu ca loi np ngn thng dng nht hin nay . Cc l bn lun cc vu cc ca khi bn cc ra . L c ren 2 gia c gi l l , dung dch in phn vo cc ngn v kim tra mc dung dch in phn , nhit v nng dung dch trong c quy . m bo kn tt , khi ch to ngi ta p cc l bn ca np nhng ng ch . Khi hn ni cc c quy n vi nhau u vu cc s chy ra v gn lin vi ng ch ny v cu ni thnh mt khi bo m hon ton kn ch lp rp . L c y kn bng nt c ren gi cho dung dch in phn trong bnh khi b bn v b snh ra ngoi . nt c l nh thng kh t trong bnh ra ngoi tri lc np c quy . Np mt s loi c quy c l thng kh ring , nm st l . Kt cu nh vy rt thun tin cho vic iu chnh mc dung dch trong bnh c quy . Trong trng hp ny nt khng c l kh na. e)Dung dch in phn Dung dch in phn trong bnh c quy l dung dch axit sunfuric ( H2SO4 ) c pha ch t axit nguyn cht vi nc ct theo nng quy nh tu thuc vo iu kin kh hu ma v vt liu lm tm ngn . Nng ca c quy c th t 1,21g/cm3 n 1,31g/cm3 . Cn nh rng : nng qu cao s chng hng tm ngn , chng hng bn cc , d b sunfat ho trong cc bn cc nn tui th v in dung ca c quy cng gim dn i rt
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nhanh . Nng qu thp th in dung nh mc v th hiu ca c quy gim v nhng nc x lnh vo ma ng dung dch d b ng bng . Nng ca dung dch in phn lun thay i theo mc phng v mc np ca c quy . Ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo nhit ca dung dch . Ngi ta thng ly nhit +15oC lm mc tiu chun ho nng ca dung dch in phn . xc nh nng ngi ta dng t trng k . Mi mt chnh lch so vi mc +15oC u cho sai s 0,0007g/cm3 . Do khi thy nhit ca dung dch cao hn +15oC th phi cng thm sai s vo kt qu c c theo t trng k cn nu thy nhit dung dch thp hn +15oC th phi tr i . *Nhng ch khi pha ch dung dch in phn cho c quy axit : (+)Khng c dng axit c thnh phn tp cht cao nh loi axit k thut thng thng v nc khng phi l nc ct v dng nh v s lm tng cng qu trnh t phng in ca c quy . (+)Cc dng c pha ch phi lm bng thu tinh , s hoc cht do chu axit . Chng phi sch khng cha cc mui khong , du m v cc tp cht v.v.. (+) m bo an ton trong khi pha ch tuyt i khng c nc vo axit c m phi t t axit vo nc v dng que thu tinh khuy u .

2).Qu trnh ho hc trong cc c quy axit :

Trong c quy thng xy ra hai qu trnh ho hc thun nghch c trng l qu trnh np v phng in . -Khi np nh ngun in np m mch ngoi cc in t e chuyn ng t cc bn cc m n cc bn cc dng - l dng in no In .

-Khi phng in di tc ng ca sc in ng ring ca c quy cc in t s chuyn ng theo hng ngc li ( t dng n m v to thnh dng in phng Ip . -Khi c quy np no , cht tc dng cc bn cc dng l PbO2 cn cc bn cc m l ch xp Pb , khi phng in cc cht tc dng hai bn cc u tr thnh sunfat ch PbSO4 c dng tinh th nh . Cc qu trnh ho hc xy ra trong c quy c th vit mt cch vn tt nh sau : Trn bn cc dng :
phng PbO2 + 3H + HSO4 +2e Trn bn cc m : phng Pb + HSO4 np PbSO4 + 2e + 2H
+ -

np

PbSO4 + 2H2O

dng tng qut , c th c trng cc qa trnh trn bng cch lp bng :

Trng thi ca Bn cc c quy dng c np no PbO2 (oxit ch ) Dung dch Bn cc m in phn Pb 2H2SO4 xp (axit sufuric ) (Ch nguyn cht )

PbSO4 phng ht (Sunphat ch 2H2SO4 in tinh th nh) ( Nc )

PbSO4 (Sunfat ch tinh th nh )

Nh vy khi phng in axt sunfuric b hp th to thnh sunfat cn nc b phn ho ra , do nng ca dung dch gim i . Khi np in th

ngc li , nh hp th nc v ti sinh ra axit sufuric nn nng ca dung dch tng ln . S thay i nng ca dung dch in phn khi phng v np l mt trong nhng du hiu xc nh mc phng in ca c quy trong s dng .

3) .Cc c tnh ca c quy axit

Mi ngn ca bnh c quy l mt c quy n c y cc tnh cht c trng cho c bnh .S d ngi ta ni tip nhiu ngn li thnh bnh c quy l tng th hiu ca bnh c quy n mt ga tr nh mc no nh 6V , 12V chng hn . Do khi nghin cu c tnh ca bnh c quy ta ch cn kho st mt c quy n l . a) Sc in ng ca c quy axit Sc in ng ca c quy axit ph thuc ch yu vo in th trn cc cc , tc l ph thuc vo c tnh l ho ca vt liu lm cc bn cc v cc dung dch in phn m khng ph thuc vo kch thc ca cc bn cc Sc in ng cn ph thuc vo nng ca dung dch in phn v c th xc nh c mt cch kh chnh xc bng cng thc thc nghim sau : Eo = 0,85 + (V) +)Eo : Sc in ng ca c quy n . Sc in ng tnh o trong trng hp c quy khng phng in v bng vn k c bit . +) : Nng ca dung dch in phn khng ly theo n v g/cm3 m tnh bng V quy v +15oC Nh vy , i vi cc c quy axit c nng dung dch thay i trong khong 1,12 1,29 g/cm3 ,sc in ng ca c quy cng tng nhng nng ca dung dch khng th tng hoc gim qu nh ni trn . Thc t

cho thy rng c quy lm vic kh tt khi nng dung dch in phn bng 1,23 1,29 g/cm3 cn nc ta tt nht l 1,23 1,26 g/cm3 Ngoi ra , sc in ng cn ph thuc vo nhit ca dung dch in phn na VD: Nhit thay i t 20oC - 40oC th sc in ng ca c quy n gim t 2,12 V n 2,096 V . b) Cc c tnh phng v np ca c quy +)c tnh phng in :

im cui ca qu trnh phng

Eaq Eo
A(1,70V)

Ip=5,4

t(h)

Khi phng bng mt dng in Ip khng i th nng dung dch gim theo ng thng v s lng cht tc dng tham gia phn ng v axit sunfuric c thay th bng nc trong mi giy u bng nhau . Nng
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ban u gi s bng 1,27 g/cm3 , cn nng cui cng ph thuc vo s lng axit sunfuric tiu tn trong thi gian phng v tr lng dung dch trong bnh tc l ph thuc vo kt cu ca bnh c quy . ng c tnh ca sc in ng tnh Eo tnh theo Eo = 0,85 + S cng c dng nh S nhng nu tnh gi tr thc t ca sc in ng Eqq = Hp +Ip Rqq th sc in ng Eqq s nh hn sc in ng Eo mt lng bng E Raq - in tr trong ca c quy Ip Cng dng in phng Up Th in ca c quy trong qu trnh phng E Mc chnh lch sc in ng trong qu trnh phng hoc np S d c s chnh lch gia Eqq v Eo l v trong qu trnh phng in nng dung dch cha trong cht tc dng ca bn cc b gim i do tc khuch tn dung dch n cc bn cc chm , lm cho nng dung dch thc t trong lng bn cc lun thp hn nng dung dch chung trong tng ngn . Nu mch ngoi ca c quy h ( khng phng in ) th do khuch tn m nng dung dch trong cht tc dng v nng dung dch chung mi ngn s cn bng nhau v th hiu ca c quy cng s bng sc in ng tnh Eo . Sc in ng thc t Eqq v Up trong qu trnh phng in thay i theo quy lut phc tp . Ta c th phn tch k hn qu trnh phng in theo c tnh trn nh sau : sau khi ng mch ph ti R cho c quy phng in do phn ng ho hc m nng chung b gim i , xy ra s chnh lch v nng to iu kin cho vic khuch tn lp dung dch mi vo bn cc , Nng trong cc bn cc ngy cng gim i , th s chnh lch nng v s lng dung dch khuch tn vo trong cc bn cc ngy cng tng . Qu trinh ny tip tc cho n khi c s cn bng s lng axit tiu tn trong phn ng phng in . E l hu qu ca qu trnh .
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Qa trnh phng in ch thc hin n im A v sau im ny th hiu ca c quy s gim i rt nhanh .Th hiu ca c quy ng vi im ny c gi l th hiu phng cui cng . Khi th hiu c quy gim n th hiu phng cui cng th ngi ta th ngi ta coi l c quy b phng ht in . +)c tnh np ca c quy

( c tnh np vi dng in khng i v np mt nc ) Hnh trn miu t np bng dng in khng i . Nng dung dch np tng theo quy lut ng thng t 1,11 g/cm3 n 1,27 g/cm3 cui qu trnh np . Th hiu trn cc cc ca c quy khi np Un v Uaq thay i theo quy lut ngc vi khi phng in v cng c gii thch bng hin tng khuch tn dung dch . Khi np in , trong lng cc bn cc to thnh axit sunfuric v nng dung dch cha trong cc bn cc tr nn m c hn nng dung dch chung m do Eqq khi np ln hn Eo mt lng bng E ,cn th hiu ca c quy khi np bng : Un = Eqq + In - Raq cui qu trnh np sc in ng v th hiu Un tng ln kh nhanh cng vi cc bt kh c to thnh trong c quy . Khi qu trnh np kt thc v cht tc dng cc bn cc tr li trng thi ban u th dng in np In coi nh tha . N ch in phn nc thnh oxy v hyr v thot ra di dng cc bt kh . Hin tng ny gi l s si ca c quy v l du hiu cui qu trnh np .

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Trong khi in phn nc , cc Ion H+ tin ti cc bn cc m , chng b trung ho mt t ( tc l lin kt vi cc in t trong cc bn cc m thnh nguyn t kh hyr ) cn phn ln dn lai quanh bn cc m v to nn mt in th ph khong 0,33 V . chnh l nguyn nhn gy nn s tng th cui qu trnh np . S si bt u trong c quy khi hiu in th mi c quy n tng ti 2,4 V ri ngay sau th hiu tng vt v n khi t gi tr tn cng 2,70 V th ngng tng ( im B trn hnh trn ) . im ny thc cht l im cui qu trnh np v c th kt thc np y , nhng thng ngi ta phi tip tc np khang 3h na , khi thy rng sut trong thi gian th hiu v nng c quy khng thay i th mi tin chc l c quy c np no . Sau khi ngt dng in np ,th hiu ca c quy st hn xung bng Eaq v sau mt khong thi gian ngh ( tc l khi cn bng nng dung dch v thot ht bt kh ) n gim ti a sc in ng tnh cho n ga tr Eo = 2,11V 1,12 V ng vi c quy c np no . Nh vy nhng du hiu biu th mc cui cng ca qu trnh np l : <1> Th hiu v nng dung dch ca c quy ngng tng v chng khng thay i trong 3 gi lin . <2> C s si mnh trong tt c cc ngn . in lng cung cp cho c quy khi np Qn tnh bng Qn=In.tn trong tn tnh n B . Trong khi c quy lm vic do c tn hao v nhit v cho qu trnh phn ng ho hc khng hon li nn khi np phi cung cp cho c quy mt in lng nhiu hn lng n c th sn sinh ra khi phng in . Ngoi ra , do phi tiu tn nng lng cho vic in phn H2O trong 3 gi nn khi np in lng cung cp cho c quy cn phi ln hn in dung Q thu c trong qu trnh phng khong 10 15 % na .
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4).Cc phng php np in cho c quy

np in cho c quy ngi ta s dng hai phng php c bn sau : a) Np bng dng in khng : Theo cch np ny dng in np thng c gi mt tr s khng i trong sut thi gian np ( np mt nc ) . Trong trng hp np vi cho php np hai nc tc l c thay i cng dng in mt ln . V dng in np I n =
U n E aq Raq

m Eaq trong khi np tng dn nn , nn

mun gi cho In = const , trong qu trnh np phi tng dn th hiu np Un . thc hin c vic ny ngun in np phi c nhiu nc in th , nu khng phi mc thm mt bin tr ni tip vi c quy .

Nu tin hnh np 2 nc th nc th nht kt thc khi th hiu ca mi c quy n t 2,4V ( bt u si bt kh trong c quy ) sau chuyn sang nc th hai vi cng dng in np gim i v kt qu trnh np cui nc ny . Theo phng php ny , tt c c quy ( khng l thuc vo th hiu nh mc ) c mc ni tip vi nhau v ch cn m bo iu kin : tng s cc c quy n trong mch np khng vt qu gi tr Ung/2,7 ( Ung l th hiu ca ngun np hoc thit b np in ) . Mt iu kin na cng nn m bo l tt c cc c quy phi c in dung nh nhau nu khng s phi

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chn cng dng in np theo c quy c in dung nh nht v vy c quy c in dung ln s phi np rt lu . V th hiu ca mi c quy n lc bt u np ch bng 2,0 V nn mun kh in p d bin tr phi c in tr
R= U ng 2 N aq In

Naq: tng s c quy n khi ni tip nhau trong mch np Np bng dng in khng i l phng php np ch yu v tng qut nht , trong np mt nc l c bn , cn np hai nc ch p dng khi cn rt ngn thi gian np . Phng php ny cho tu chn cng dng in np cho thch hp vi tng loi c quy . Tt c cc c quy mi trc khi em vo s dng ni chung u phi tri qua cch np ny . Nhc im ca phng php ny l thi gian ko di v phi thng xuyn theo di , iu chnh cng dng in np. b)Np bng phng php th hiu khng i : Trong cch np ny tt c cc c quy c mc song song vi ngun in np ( my pht in , my np ring ) v m bo th hiu ca ngun bng 2,3 2,5 V trn cc c quy n . c th np mt lc cc c quy 6V v 12 V ngi ta lp mng 3 dy 2x7,0 V hoc 2x7,5V . Th hiu ca ngun np phi c gi n nh vi chnh xc n 3% c theo di bng cc vn k .
In = U n E aq Raq

lc u s rt ln sau khi Eaq tng dn th In gim i kh

nhanh . +)u: C thi gian np ngn , t tn cng => np b sung . +)Nhc : Khng np no c , c hi cho tui th ca c quy .

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B)TNG QUAN V UPS

UPS (Uniterruptible Power Supply) l b ngun lin tc.Vi k thut tng t cht lng in ch bao gm 2 ch tiu quan trng nht l in p v tn s. Vo cui th k th 20, tin cy cung cp in ca cc nc cng nghip pht trin vo khong 99.9%. iu ny qui ra thi gian mt in trong 1 nm l 8h, ph bin di dng mt 1 vi pht. Thi lng mt in nh vy khng quan trng lm vi h thng chiu sng hoc h thng in c. i vi h thng k thut s, vn khng n gin nh vy. tin cy cung cp in ca cc h thng c my tnh cng nghip cn phi tng ln rt nhiu v mt in d ch trong 1 vi mili giy c nguy c mt ht thng tin hoc lm ri lon qu trnh trao i d liu my tnh ; yu cu h thng k thut s phi khi ng li. Ngy nay, yu cu tin cy cung cp in ln ti 10 con s 9 ngha l 99.909999999%! Cc ng dng ca UPS. Ngy nay UPS c ng dng rt rng ri nh trong y hc cc thit b in t y sinh, trong cc phng m (scanner, in tm , thn nhn to ...). Trong ngn hng: my rt tin, th trng trng khon...
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 Trong ngnh thng tin lin lc( in thoi, truyn hnh, fax)... c bit cc h thng o lng iu khin hin i nh cc b logic lp trnh PLC, cc b iu khin gim st v thu nhp d liu Scada, cc my tnh cng nghip, cc dy chuyn sn xut t ng. S khi ca UPS.

HTCC 1 Ti Chnh lu/ Np HTCC 2 Ac qui Nghch lu

*)Cc ch vn hnh ca UPS Vic vn hnh UPS theo cc ch khc nhau tu theo tnh trng ngun v ti.Bnh thng ti c cung cp t h thng cung cp 1(HTCC1); cqui lun c np t h thng cung cp 2(HTCC 2). Khi xy ra s c li cung cp, ti c cp in t acqui qua b nghch lu. S khi chi tit:

Bin p vo

Chnh lu

Ac qui

Nghch lu

Bin p ra

Lc

Ngun cho

K CL

Ngun cho

K NL

2. Nhim v thit k phn chnh lu vi tham s. in p ngun 220 VAC 10%; f = 50 Hz.
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 Cng sut 15 kVA 1%. in p ra 220 VAC 1%. Acqui axt loi kn. +Thi gian lu in 10 pht.

CHNG II:

THIT K V TNH TON MCH LC 1)Tnh dung lng acqui - Vi yu cu cng sut P = 15kW. - Thi gian lin in l 10=1/ 6 h. Chn 18 bnh acqui 12V( 18*12V ). Gi s khi phng in p trn bnh acqui l y. V 18 bnh l mc ni tip nn:
U = 18 * 12 = 216(V )

Dng in phng ca acqui:

Ip = P 15 * 10 3 = = 69.4( A) U 216

Dung lng ca acqui l:

Att = I p t = 69.4 * 1 = 11.57( Ah) 6

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Trong thc t khng cho acqui phng qu mc, nu khng nhng ht sunpht ch nh s bm vo cht hu hiu thnh nhng ht kt tinh c ni tr ln, khi np in rt kh khi phc nh c. Trong trng hp ny, m bo tui th cho acqui, phi chn tng dung lng ln hn gp 4 ln so vi tnh ton.
Athucte = 4 * Att = 4 * 11.57 = 46.28( Ah)

Chn acqui c dung lng 50 Ah. Chn dng np l I n =10%A= 5A( trong 10h). in p t ln acqui lc np no l: 2.7*6*18=291.6(V) 2. Tnh chn van. Vi s liu ban u P=15 kW. chn van phi da vo ch lm vic nng n nht m van phi chu. *)Tnh U ng max : Van phi chu in p nng n nht khi np no U ng max = 291.6(V ) Dng in trung bnh ln nht:
I tbv max = Id 5 = 1.7( A) 3 3

Thc t phi chn van chu c h s qu p k u =1.6 v h s qu dng k i =1.2 in p ngc:

U ng = k u * U ng max = 291.6 * 1.6 = 466.56(V )

Dng in van:
I v = k i * I tbv max = 1.2 * 1.7 = 2.04( A)

18

Chn van c ch lm mt: Van c iu kin lm mt bng khng kh c cnh tn nhit l 25%, dng qut l 30 35%, tn nhit bng nc l 80%, y van dn dng khng ln lm nn chn phng php tn nhit bng cnh tn nhit cho phc tp v tn km.
Iv = 2.04 = 8.16( A) 0.25

T cc thng s tnh ton, chn loi thyristor 50RIF60W20 c cc thng s sau: - in p ngc cc i: U n = 600A. -Dng in lm vic cc i: I dm = 50A. -Dng in nh cc i: I pik = 1000 A . -Dng in xung iu khin: I g =150 mA. -in p xung iu khin: U g = 3 V. -Dng in r: I r =15 mA. -Dng in t gi: I h = 200mA. -St p trn thyristor trng thi dn: U = 2V -o hm in p:
dU = 500V / s. dt

-Thi gian chuyn mch : t cm = 15s . -Nhit lm vic cc i: T max =125 0 C. 3)Bo v van a) Bo v qu dng in cho van. Aptomat dng ng ct mch ng lc, t ng lc, bo v khi qu ti v ngn mch thyristor, ngn mch u ra b bin i, ngn mch th cp my bin p, ngn mch ch nghch lu.

19

Chn 1 aptomat c:
I dm = 1.1I hd = 1.1 * 3I 1 = 1.1 * 3 *1.5 = 2.85( A)

U dm =220V C 3 tip im chnh, c th ng ct bng tay hoc bng nam chm in. Ch inh dng ngn mch
I nm = 2.5 I hd = 2.5 * 2.59 = 6.5( A)

Dng qu ti
I qt = 1.5 I hd = 1.5 * 2.59 = 3.9( A)

Cu dao dng to khe h an ton khi sa cha h truyn ng, chn cu dao c dng nh mc
I cd = 1.1 3I 1 = 2.86( A)

Dng dy chy tc ng nhanh bo v ngn mch cc thyristor, ngn mch u ra ca b nghch lu. Nhm 1 c ch : dng in nh mc dy chy nhm 1 cu ch
I1cc = 1.1* I 2 = 1.1* 4.08 = 4.488( A )

Nhm 2 c ch : dng in nh mc dy chy nhm cu ch

I 2 cc = 1.1 * I v = 1.1 * 1.7 = 1.87( A)

Nhm 3 c ch : dng in nh mc dy chy nhm 3 cu ch

I 3cc = 1.1 * I d = 1.1 * 5 = 5.5( A)

Vy chn cu chy nhm - nhm 1 cu ch: loi 5(A) - nhm 2 cu ch: loi 2(A) - nhm 3 cu ch: loi 6(A) b)Bo v qu in p cho van Bo v qu in p do qu trnh ng ct cc thyristor c thc hin c bng cch mc R-C song song vi T. Khi c s chuyn mch, cc in
20

tch t trong cc lp bn dn phng ra ngoi to dng in ngc trong khong thi gian ngn. S bin thin nhanh chng ca dng in ngc gy ra sc in ng cm ng rt ln trong cc in cm lm cho qu in p gia ant v catt ca thyristor. Khi c mch R-C mc song song vi thyristor to ra vng phng in trong qu trnh chuyn mch nn thyristor khng b qu in p. 4.)Tnh ton my bin p chnh lu -Chn my bin p 3 pha 3 tr s u dy / Y lm mt bng khng kh t nhin. -Tnh cc thng s c bn. 1.Cng sut biu kin ca my bin p Tnh cho ch lm vic nng n nht ca my bin p. U d max =291.6(V) I d max =5A
U2 =

U d max
3 6

291.6
3 6

= 124.6(V )

I2 = Id

2 2 =5 = 4.08( A) 3 3

P2 = 3U 2 * I 2 = 3 *124.6 * 4.08 = 1525.8 (W)

Ly hiu sut = 0.85

S = ks P2

= 1.05 *

1525.8 = 1884.81(VA) 0.85

2. in p pha s cp MBA: U 1 = 380(V ) 3. in p pha th cp MBA Phng trnh cn bng in p khi ti:
U do cos min = U d + 2U v + U dn + U ba

Trong :
21

 min =10 0 gc d tr khi c suy gim in p li.

U = 2V st p trn thyristor.
U dn = 0 st p trn dy ni. U ba = U r + U x : st p trn in tr v dy khng MBA.

Chn s b: U ba = 6%U d = 0.06 * 291.6 = 17.5(V ) T phng trnh cn bng in p khi c ti, c :
U do = U d + 2U V + U dn + 2U ba 291.6 + 2 * 2 + 0 + 17.5 = = 317.9(V ) cos min cos10 0

in p pha th cp MBA:
U2 = U do 317.9 = = 135.8(V ) k tt 3 6 / 2 I d = 4.08( A) 3

4. Dng in hiu dng th cp MBA: I 2 = 5. Dng in hiu dng s cp MBA

I 1 = k ba I 2 =

135.8 4.08 = 1.5( A) 380

6. Tit din s b tr:

QFe = K Q S ba m* f

K Q : h s ph thuc vo phng thc lm mt, ly K Q =6. m: s tr ca bin p, m=3. f: tn s ngun in xoay chiu, f=50 Hz. Thay s:
Q Fe = K Q S ba 1884.81 = 6* = 21.3(cm 2 ) 3 * 50 m* f

7. ng knh tr:

22

d=

4QFe =

4 * 21.3 = 5.2(cm)

Chun ho ng knh tr theo tiu chun ( bng 4.2a-Ph lc sch thit k my bin p - Phan T Th) : d = 8 cm. 8. Chn loi thp , cc l thp c dy 0.5 mm. Chn s b mt t cm trong tr B T =1(T). 9. Chn t s m= =2.3 h=m*d=2.3*8=18.4(cm). (Thng thng m=2 2.5) Chn chiu cao tr h =19 cm. Tnh ton dy qun: 10. S vng dy mi pha s cp my bin p:
W1 = U1 380 = = 804(vong ) 4.44 fQFe BT 4.44 * 50 * 21.3 *10 4 *1
h d

11. S vng dy mi pha th cp ca my bin p:

W2 = U2 135.8 W1= * 804 = 289(vong ) 380 U1

12. Chn s b mt dng in trong my bin p. Vi dy dn bng ng, my bin p kh chn J 1 = J 2 = 2.75( A / mm 2 ) 13. Tit din dy dn s cp my bin p.
S1 = I1 1.5 = = 0.54(mm 2 ) J 1 2.75

Chn dy dn c tit din trn v c cch in.( Bng 20 - thit k my inPhan T Th). Chn dy dn ng B c tit din 0.5809(mm 2 ); ng knh d=0.86(mm); ng knh k c cch in D=0.95(mm). 14. Tit din dy dn th cp my bin p.

23

S2 =

I 2 4.08 = = 1.48(mm 2 ) J 2 2.75

Chn dy ng c tit din trn, cch in 2 pha 2 =0.3 mm. Chn dy ng B c tit din 1.5394 mm 2 ; ng knh d=1.4(mm) ng knh k c cch in D =1.9(mm). Kt cu dy qun s cp. Thc hin dy qun ng tm theo chiu dc tr. 15.Tnh s b vng dy trn 1 lp ca dy qun s cp.
W1.1 = h 2hg ke d

k e : h s p cht k e =0.95. h: chiu cao ca tr. hg: khong cch t gng n cun dy s cp. d: ng knh dy. Chn s b khong cch cch in n gng: hg=1.5 cm.
W1.1 =
19 21.5 h 2hg ke = * 0.95 = 160(vong ) 0.095 d

16. Tnh s b s lp dy cun s cp.

n1.1 = W1 804 = = 5(lop) W1.1 160

Chn n 1.1 = 17. Chiu cao thc t ca cun s cp

h1 = W1.1 * d 160 * 0.095 = = 16(cm) ke 0.95

18. Chn ng qun dy lm bng vt liu cch in c b dy S 01 =0.1cm 19. Khong cch t tr ti cun dy s cp: a 01 =1.0 cm. 20. ng knh trong ca ng cch in.
Dt1 = d Fe + 2a 01 2 S 01 = 8 + 2 * 1 2 * 0.1 = 9.8(cm) 24

21. ng knh trong ca cun dy s cp

Dtsc = Dt + 2 * S o1 = 9.8 + 2 * 0.1 = 10(cm)

22. Chn b dy cch in gia cc lp dy cun s cp: cd 1.1 =0.1(mm). 23. B dy cun s cp
Bd 1 = (a1 + cd1.1 )n1.1 = (0.95 + 0.1) * 5 = 0.525(cm)

24. ng knh ngoi ca cun s cp.

Dn1 = Dtsc + 2 Bd 1 = 10 + 2 * 0.525 = 11.05(cm)

25. ng knh trung bnh ca cun dy s cp:

Dtb = Dtsc + Dn1 10 + 11.05 = = 10.025(cm) 2 2

26. Chiu di dy qun s cp.

l1 = W1Dtb1 = 804 * *10.025 = 25308(cm) = 283.1(m)

27.Chn b dy cch in gia cun s cp v cun th cp: cd 01 =1.0(cm)

Kt cu dy qun th cp. 28. Chn s b chiu cao ct th cp :

h1 = h2 = 16(cm)

29. Tnh s b s vng dy trn 1 lp.

W1.2 = h2 16 kc = * 0.95 = 109(vong ) d2 0.14

30. Tnh s b s lp dy qun th cp

n1.2 = W2 289 = = 2.65 = 2.65(lop) W1.2 109

Chn n 1.2 =3 lp. 31. Chiu cao thc t ca cun th cp

25

h2 =

W1.2 109 * 0.14 d2 = = 16.06(cm) ke 0.95

32. ng knh trong ca cun dy th cp

Dtsc = Dt + 2 * S o1 = 9.8 + 2 * 0.1 = 10(cm)

33. Chn b dy cch in gia cc lp dy cun s cp: cd 1.2 =0.1(mm). 34. B dy cun s cp
Bd 2 = (a 2 + cd 2.2 )n1.2 = (0.14 + 0.01) * 3 = 0.45(cm)

35. ng knh ngoi ca cun th cp.

Dn 2 = Dtsc + 2 Bd 2 = 13.85 + 3 * 0.45 = 15.2(cm)

36. ng knh trung bnh ca cun dy th cp:

Dtb = Dtsc + Dn 2 13.05 + 15.2 = = 14.125(cm) 2 2

37. Chiu di dy qun th cp.

l 2 = W2 Dtb 2 = 289 * *14.125 = 12817.8(cm) = 128.2(m)

38. ng knh trung bnh cc cun dy.

D1.2 = Dt1 + Dn 2 9.8 + 12.5 = = 11.15(cm) 2 2

27.Chn khong cch gia 2 cun th cp: a 2.2 =2.0(cm). Tnh kch thc mch t 40. Vi d=8 cm tit din tr c s bc l 4 (bng 41a-Thit k my in- Phan T Th). Cc bc thang ghp thnh tr. 41. Ton b tit din bc thang ca tr.
Qbt = 7.5 * 1.4 + 6.5 * 0.9 + 5.5 * 0.6 + 4 * 0.5 = 21.65(cm 2 )

42. Tit din hiu qu ca tra:

Q1 = k hq * Qbt = 0.95 * 21.65 = 20.57(cm 2 )

43. Tng chiu dy cc bc thang ca tr.

26

d1 = 2(1.4 + 0.9 + 0.6 + 0.5) = 6.8(cm)

44. S l thp dng trong cc bc . Bc 1: n 1 =2* Bc 2: n 2 =2* Bc 3: n 3 =2* Bc 4: n 4 =2*

14 = 56 (l thp). 0 .5 9 = 36 (l thp). 0 .5 6 = 24 (l thp). 0 .5 5 = 20 (l thp). 0 .5

n gin trong ch to gng t, chn gng c tit din hnh ch nht c cc kch thc sau: - Chiu dy gng bng chiu dy ca tr: b=d 7 =6.8(cm). - Chiu cao ca gng bng chiu rng tp l thp th nht ca tr a=7.5(cm). Tit din gng: Qbg = a * b = 6.8 * 7.5 = 51(cm 2 ) . 45. Tit din hiu qu ca gng:
Qhg = k hq * Qbg = 0.95 * 51 = 48.45(cm 2 )

46. S l thp dng trong 1 gng:

hg = b 68 = = 136 ( l thp ) 0 .5 0 .5

47. Tnh chnh xc mt t cm trong tr:

B1 = U1 380 = = 1.03(T ) 4.44 fW1QT 4.44 * 50 * 804 * 20.57 *10 4

48. Mt t cm trong gng:

B g = BT QT 20.57 = 1.03 * = 0.43(T ) Qg 48.45

49. Chiu rng ca s

27

c = 2(a 01 + Bd 1 + a12 + Bd 2 ) + a 22 = 2 * (1 + 0.525 + 1 + 0.45) + 2 = 7.95(cm)

50. Tnh khong cc gia 2 tm trc

c ' = c + d = 7.95 + 8 = 15.95(cm)

51. Chiu rng mch t

l = 2c + 3d = 2 * 7.95 + 3 * 8 = 39.9(cm)

52. Chiu cao mch t

H = h + 2a = 19 + 2 * 7.5 = 34(cm)

Tnh khi lng ca st v ng 53. Th tch ca tr

V1 = 3 * Qt * h = 3 * 20.57 * 19 = 1172.49(cm 3 ) = 1.17249( dm 3 )

54. Th tch ca gng

V g = 2 * Qg * L = 2 * 48.45 * 39.9 = 3866.31(cm 3 ) = 3.86631(dm 3 )

55. Khi lng ca tr

M t = VT * m Fe = 1.17249 * 7.85 = 9.2(kg )

56. Khi lng ca gng

M g = V g * m Fe = 3.86631 * 7.85 = 30.4( kg )

57. Khi lng ca st

M Fe = M T + M g = 9.2 + 30.4 = 39.6( kg )

58. Th tch ca ng
VCu = 3( S1l1 + S 2 l 2 ) = 3(0.5809 * 253.1 * 10 2 + 15394 * 128.2 * 10 2 ) = 1.033( dm 3 )

Tnh cc thng s ca my bin p 60. in tr trong ca cun s cp my bin p 75 0 C

R1 = l1 253.1 = 0.02133 * = 9.3() s1 0.5809

trong 75 = 0.02133(mm 2 / m)
28

61. in tr trong ca cun th cp my bin p 75 0 C

R2 = l2 128.2 = 0.02133 * = 1.77() s2 1.5394

trong 75 = 0.02133(mm 2 / m) 62. in tr my bin p qui i v th cp

Rba = R2 + R1 ( W2 2 289 2 ) = 1.77 + 9.3( ) = 5.1() W1 804

63. St p trn in tr my bin p

U r = Rba I 2 = 5.11 * 4.08 = 20(V )

64. in khng my bin p qui i v th cp

X ba = 8 * 2 (W 2 )( = 8 * 3.14 2 * 75 2 ( B + Bd 2 r )(a12 + d 1 ) w *10 7 3 hqd

6.525 0.525 + 0.45 )(0.01 + 10 2 )314 *10 7 = 0.076 16 3

65. in cm my bin p qui i v th cp

Lba = X ba 0.076 = = 0.00024( H ) = 0.24(mH ) w 314

66. St p trn in khng my bin p

U x = Rd =
3 3 X ba I 2 = * 0.076 * 4.08 = 0.3(V )

3 3 X ba = * 0.076 = 0.073()

67. St p trn my bin p

U ba = U r2 + U x2 = 20 2 + 0.3 2 = 20(V )

68. in p trn ti c gc m min = 10 0

U = U do * cos min 2U v U ba = 319.7 * cos 10 0 281.6 20 = 291.6(V )

dng khi np no.

29

69. Tng tr ngn mch qui i v th cp

2 2 Z ba = Rba + X ba = 5.112 + 0.076 2 = 5.11()

70. Tn hao ngn mch trong my bin p

2 Pn = 3 * Rba * I 2 = 3 * 5.11 * 4.08 2 = 255(W )

Pn% =

Pn 255 100% = * 100% = 13% S 1884.81

71. Tn hao khng ti c k n 15% tn hao ph

Po = 1.3 * n f ( M T B12 + M g Bb2 ) = 1.3 *1.15(9.2 *1.032 + 30.4 * 0.432 ) = 22.99(W )
P0 22.99 * 100% = *100% = 1.2% 1884.81 S

P0% =

72. in p ngn mch tc dng

U nr = Rba I 2 5.11 * 4.08 *100% = = 1.5% U2 135.8

73. in p ngn mch phn khng

U nx = X ba I 2 0.076 * 4.08 *100% = *100% = 0.3% U2 135.8

74. in p ngn mch phn trm

2 2 U n = U nr + U nx = 1.5 2 + 0.3 2 = 1.53%

75. Dng in ngn mch xc lp

I 2 nm = U 2 135.8 = = 26.4( A) Z ba 5.11

76. Dng in ngn mch tc thi cc i

I max = 2 I 2 nm (1 + e
U nr U nx

) = 2 * 26.4(1 + e

3.14*

1.5 0.3

) = 37.3

I max ( = 37.3 A) < I pik ( = 1000 A)

I pik : nh xung dng in ln nht ca thyristor

30

77. Kim tra my bin p thit k c in khng hn ch tc bin thin ca dng in chuyn mch. Gi s chuyn mch t T 1 sang T 5 c phng trnh
dic = U 23 U 2 a = 6U 2 sin( ) dt di 6U 2 6 * 135.8 c max = = = 0.693 * 10 3 A / sec = 0.693 A / s 2 Lba dt 2 * 0.24 * 10 3 2U ba dic di max < c cp = 100 A / s dt dt

Vy bin p s dng tt.

CHNG 4

TNH TON V THIT K MCH IU KHIN

A . THIT K MCH IU KHIN TIRISTOR

I - Nguyn l chung mch iu khin 1) c im Tiristor v mt iu khin Tiristor ch m kho khi c hai iu kin: - in p (+) t vo A in p (-) t vo K
31

- Xung iu khin t vo G Khi Tiristor m th xung iu khin khng c tc dng g na. iu chnh c v tr xung iu khin trong phm vi na chu k dng ca in p t ln A - K ca Tiristor. To ra xung phi c iu kin m Tiristor, rng xung tx <10 s. Biu thc rng xung: tx =
I dt di / dt

Idt : dng duy tr ca Tiristor di/dt : tc tng trng ca dng ti 2) Cu trc s khi ca mch iu khin Tiristor Udk : in p iu khin, in p mt chiu Ur : in p ng b, in p xoay chiu hoc bin th ca n, ng b vi in p A - K ca Tiristor. Hiu in p Udk - Ur c a vo khu so snh 1 lm vic nh mt trig. Khi Udk - Ur = 0 th trig lt trng thi, u ra ca n ta nhn c 1 chui xung sinnus ch nht. Khu 2: a hi 1 trng thi n nh Khu 3 : khuch i xung Khu 4 : BA xung Bng cch tc ng vo Udk c th iu chnh c v tr xung iu khin tc l iu chnh gc . 3) Nguyn tc iu khin Trong thc t thng dng hai phng php iu khin: + Thng ng tuyn tnh + Thng ng arcos
32

 thc hin vic iu chnh v tr xung trong na chu k dng ca in p t trn Tiristor. a ) Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh Theo nguyn tc ny ngi ta dng hai in p : + in p ng b, k hiu l Ur c dng rng ca, ng b vi in p t trn A - K Tiristor + in p k, k hiu Udk k in p 1 chiu c th iu chnh bin .

hnh 4.1 - nguyn tc iu khin tuyn tnh tng i s ca Udk + Ur c a n u vo 1 khu so snh. Nh vy, bng cch lm bin i Uk ngi ta c th k c thi im xut hin xung ra tc l k c gc . Khi Uk = 0 ta c = 0 Uk < 0 ta c > 0 Gia v Uk c quan h : =
U dk U r max

ngi ta ly Ukmax = Urmax a) Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng arcos Theo nguyn tc ny ngi ta cng dng hai in p : + in p ng b Ur vt trc in p A - K Tiristor 1 gc bng /2. Nu UAK = Asint th Ur = Bcost. + in p iu khin Uk l in p 1 chiu c th iu chnh bin theo hai hng (+) v (-).

33

hnh 4.2 - nguyn tc iu khin thng ng arcos trn hnh v ng nt t l in p A - K Tiristor, t in p ny ngi ta to ra Ur. Tng i s Ur + Uk c a n u vo ca khu so snh. Khi Ur + Uk = 0 ta nhn c1 xung u ra ca khu so snh Uk + Bcos = 0 Trong = arcos(-Uk/B) Thng ly B = Udkmax Khi Udk = 0 th = /2 Khi Uk = Ukmax th = Khi Uk - -Ukmax th = 0 Nh vy khi cho Uk bin thin t -Ukmax n +Uk max th bin thin t 0 n Nguyn tc ny c s dng trong cc thit b chnh lu i hi cht lng cao. Nhn xt: Ta chn mch iu khin da trn nguyn tc k thng ng tuyn tnh v phng php ny n gin hn m vn ph hp vi yu cu tht k. TNH BAX Theo phn tnh ton mch lc ta chn van Tiristor loi C149D. Van c cc thng s: Ug = 3 V Ig = 150 mA Gi tr ny l gi tr dng v p th cp my bin p. Chn vt liu ln li st Ferit HM li c dng hnh xuyn, lm vic trn mt phn ca c tnh t ho c B = 0,3 T ; H = 30 A/m khng c khe h khng kh.
34

+ T s BAX : thng m = 2 3 , chn m = 3 + in p cun th cp BAX U2 = Uk = 3,0 V + in p t ln cun s cp BAX : U1 = m.U2 = 3.3 = 9 V + Dng in th cp BAX: I2 = Ik = 0,15 A + Dng in s cp BAX: I1 =
I2 0,15 = = 0,05 A m 3

+ t thm trung bnh tng i ca li st: tb = trong : 0 = 1,25.10-6 H/m l t thm ca khng kh + Th tch ca li thp cn c: V = Ql = Trong :
tb 0 t x S x U1 I1 B 2
0,3 B = = 8.103 6 0 H 1,25.10 .30

tb : t thm trung bnh ca li st 0 : t thm ca khng kh tx : chiu di xung truyn qua BAX c gi tr t 10 600

s. y chn tx = 100 s Sx : st bin xung ly Sx = 0,15 U1 : in p s cp I1 : dng in s cp Thay s vo ta c :

35

V=

8.10 3.1,25.10 6.0,15.9.0,05 (0,3) 2

= 7,5.10-6 m3 chn mch t c th tnh V = 1,4 cm2 vi th tch ta c cc kch thc mch t: a = 4,5 mm b = 6 mm d = 12 mm D = 21 mm Q = 0,27 cm2 = 27 mm2 Chiu di trung bnh mch t : l = 5,2 cm S vng qun dy s cp BAX: Theo lut cm ng in t : U1 = w1Q w1 =
dB B = ww1Q dt tx

U 1 .t x 9.100.10 6 = = 111 vng B.Q 0,3.27.10 6

S vng dy th cp : w2 =
w1 111 = = 37 vng m 3

tit din dy qun th cp S1 =

I1 J1

Chn mt dng in J1 = 6 A/mm2 S1 =

5.10 6 = 0,0083 mm2 6

ng knh dy qun s cp :

36

d1 =

4S1 =

4.0,0083 = 0,1 mm 3,14

chn dy c ng knh 0,1 mm Tit din dy qun th cp: S2 =

I2 0,15 = = 0,0375 mm2 J2 4

Chn mt d J2 = 4 A/mm2 ng knh dy qun th cp: d2 =

4S 2 =
4.0,0375 = 0,218 mm 3,14

chn dy c ng knh d2 = 0,22 mm Kim tra h s lp y: kl =

d2w + d2w S1 w 1 + S 2 w 2 0,12.111 + 0,22 2.37 = 1 1 2 2 2 = d 12 2 d2 (. ) 4

= 0,02 < 1 Nh vy ca s din tch cn thit. Tnh ton khu K cui cng Tr3 : chn transistor cng sut loi 2SC911 lm vic ch xung c cc thng s: + transistor loi npn, vt liu bn dn l Si + in p gia collector v baz l khi h mch Emito : UCB0 = 40 V + in p gia Emito v Baz khi h mch Colecto : UEB0 = 4 V + dng in ln nht Colecto c th chu ng c : ICmax = 500 mA + cng sut tiu tn Colecto : PC = 1,7 W +Nhit ln nht mt tip gip T1 = 1750 C +H s khuych i = 50
37

+ Dng lm vic ca colector I C = I 1 = 50mA

#

+Dng lm vic ca bazo I B =

3

IC3

50 = 1mA 50

Ta thy rng vi loi Tiristo chn c cng sut iu khin kh b Uk = 3 V ; Ik = 0.15 A nn dng dng colecto bazo ca Tranzito I r kh
3

b, trong trng hp ny ta ch cn dng 1 tranzito m vn cng sut iu khin Tranzito + Chn ngun cung cp cho my bin p xung : E = + 12 V. Vi ngun 12V ta phi mc thm in tr R ni tip vi cc Emito ca Tr .
3

R=

E U1 12 9 = = 60( ) 0.05 I1

+Tt c cc iot trong mch iu khin dng loi 1N4009 c cc tham s : - Dng in nh mc : Im = 10 (mA) - in p ngc ln nht : UN = 25 (V) - in p cho Diot m thng : Um =1(V) -

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