S CHNH PHNG

I. NH NGHA: S chnh phng l s bng bnh phng ng ca mt s nguyn.

II. TNH CHT:
1. S chnh phng ch c th c ch s tn cng bng 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 ; khng th c ch s tn
cng bng 2, 3, 7, 8.
2. Khi phn tch ra tha s nguyn t, s chnh phng ch cha cc tha s nguyn t vi s m chn.
3. S chnh phng ch c th c mt trong hai dng 4n hoc 4n + 1. Khng c s chnh phng
no c dng 4n + 2 hoc 4n + 3 (n N).
4. S chnh phng ch c th c mt trong hai dng 3n hoc 3n + 1. Khng c s chnh phng
no c dng 3n + 2 (n N).
5. S chnh phng tn cng bng 1 hoc 9 th ch s hng chc l ch s chn.
S chnh phng tn cng bng 5 th ch s hng chc l 2
S chnh phng tn cng bng 4 th ch s hng chc l ch s chn.
S chnh phng tn cng bng 6 th ch s hng chc l ch s l.
6. S chnh phng chia ht cho 2 th chia ht cho 4.
S chnh phng chia ht cho 3 th chia ht cho 9.
S chnh phng chia ht cho 5 th chia ht cho 25.
S chnh phng chia ht cho 8 th chia ht cho 16.
III. MT S DNG BI TP V S CHNH PHNG

A. DNG1: CHNG MINH MT S L S CHNH PHNG

Bi 1: Chng minh rng vi mi s nguyn x, y th
A = (x + y)(x + 2y)(x + 3y)(x + 4y) + y4 l s chnh phng.
Ta c A = (x + y)(x + 2y)(x + 3y)(x + 4y) + y4 = (x2 + 5xy + 4y2)( x2 + 5xy + 6y2) + y4
t x2 + 5xy + 5y2 = t ( t Z) th A = (t - y2)( t + y2) + y4 = t2 y4 + y4 = t2 = (x2 + 5xy + 5y2)2
V x, y, z Z nn x2 Z, 5xy Z, 5y2 Z x2 + 5xy + 5y2 Z
Vy A l s chnh phng.
Bi 2: Chng minh tch ca 4 s t nhin lin tip cng 1 lun l s chnh phng.
Gi 4 s t nhin, lin tip l n, n + 1, n+ 2, n + 3 (n N). Ta c
n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) + 1 = n.(n + 3(n + 1)(n + 2) + 1 = (n2 + 3n)( n2 + 3n + 2) + 1 (*)
t n2 + 3n = t (t N) th (*) = t( t + 2 ) + 1 = t2 + 2t + 1 = ( t + 1 )2 = (n2 + 3n + 1)2
V n N nn n2 + 3n + 1 N Vy n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) + 1 l s chnh phng.
Bi 3: Cho S = 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + . . . + k(k+1)(k+2)
Chng minh rng 4S + 1 l s chnh phng .
Ta c k(k+1)(k+2) =
=
S =

1) =

1
4

1
4

1
4
1
4

k(k+1)(k+2).4 =

1
4

k(k+1)(k+2)(k+3) -

.1.2.3.4 - 4 .0.1.2.3 +

1
4

k(k+1)(k+2).[(k+3) (k-1)]
1
4

k(k+1)(k+2)(k-1)
1

.2.3.4.5 - 4 .1.2.3.4 ++ 4 k(k+1)(k+2)(k+3) -

1
4

k(k+1)(k+2)(k-

k(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)

4S + 1 = k(k+1)(k+2)(k+3) + 1.Theo kt qu bi 2 k(k+1)(k+2)(k+3) + 1 l s chnh ph ng.

Bi 4: Cho dy s 49; 4489; 444889; 44448889;
1

Dy s trn c xy dng bng cch thm s 48 vo gia s ng trc n. Chng minh

rng tt c cc s ca dy trn u l s chnh phng.
Ta c 4448889 = 44488..8 + 1 = 444 . 10n + 8 . 111 + 1
n ch s 4 n-1 ch s 8 n ch s 4 n ch s 8

= 4.

10 1
.
9
n

10 + 8.

10 1
9
n

+ 1=

4.10

n ch s 4
2n

n ch s 1

4.10 + 8.10 8 + 9
9
n

4.10 2 n + 4.10 n +1
=
=
9

2.10 n +1

2
Ta thy 2.10n +1=20001 c tng
cc ch s chia ht cho 3 nn n chia ht cho 3

n-1 ch s 0

2
2.10 n +1

Z hay cc s c dng 4448889 l s chnh phng.

Bi 5: Chng minh rng cc s sau y l s chnh phng:

A = 111 + 444 + 1
2n ch s 1

n ch s 4

B = 111 + 111 + 666 + 8

2n ch s 1

n+1 ch s 1

n ch s 6

C = 444 + 222 + 888 + 7

2n ch s 4 n+1 ch s 2

Kt qu: A =

10 n + 2

n ch s 8

B=

10 n + 8

C=

2.10 n + 7

Bi 6: Chng minh rng cc s sau l s chnh phng:

a. A = 22499910009
n-2 ch s 9 n ch s 0

b. B = 1115556
n ch s 1 n-1 ch s 5

a. A = 224.102n + 999.10n+2 + 10n+1 + 9 = 224.102n + ( 10n-2 1 ) . 10n+2 + 10n+1 + 9

= 224.102n + 102n 10n+2 + 10n+1 + 9 = 225.102n 90.10n + 9 = ( 15.10n 3 ) 2
A l s chnh phng
b. B = 11115555 + 1 = 111.10n + 5.111 + 1
n ch s 1 n ch s 5

=
=

10 1
.
9
n

10

2n

10 + 5.

+ 4.10 + 4
9
n

n ch s 1

10 1
9
n

n ch s 1

+1=

2
10 n + 2

10

2n

10 n + 5.10 n 5 + 9
9

l s chnh phng ( iu phi chng minh)

Bi 7: Chng minh rng tng cc bnh phng ca 5 s t nhin lin tip khng th l mt s
chnh phng : Gi 5 s t nhin lin tip l n-2, n-1, n , n+1 , n+2 (n N , n 2 ).
Ta c ( n-2)2 + (n-1)2 + n2 + ( n+1)2 + ( n+2)2 = 5.( n2+2)
V n2 khng th tn cng bi 3 hoc 8 do n2+2 khng th chia ht cho 5
5.( n2+2) khng l s chnh phng hay A khng l s chnh phng
2

Bi 8: Chng minh rng s c dng n6 n4 + 2n3 + 2n2 trong n N v n>1 khng phi l s
chnh phng: n6 n4 + 2n3 +2n2 = n2.( n4 n2 + 2n +2 ) = n2.[ n2(n-1)(n+1) + 2(n+1) ]
= n2[ (n+1)(n3 n2 + 2) ] = n2(n+1).[ (n3+1) (n2-1) ]= n2( n+1 )2.( n22n+2)
Vi n N, n >1 th n2-2n+2 = (n - 1)2 + 1 > ( n 1 )2 v n2 2n + 2 = n2 2(n - 1) < n2
Vy ( n 1)2 < n2 2n + 2 < n2 n2 2n + 2 khng phi l mt s chnh phng.
Bi 9: Cho 5 s chnh phng bt k c ch s hng chc khc nhau cn ch s hng n v u
l 6. Chng minh rng tng cc ch s hng chc ca 5 s chnh phng l mt s chnh phng
Cch 1: Ta bit mt s chnh phng c ch s hng n v l 6 th ch s hng chc ca n l
s l. V vy ch s hng chc ca 5 s chnh phng cho l 1,3,5,7,9 khi tng ca chng
bng 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25 = 52 l s chnh phng
Cch 2: Nu mt s chnh phng M = a2 c ch s hng n v l 6 th ch s tn cng ca a
l 4 hoc 6 a 2 a2 4
Theo du hiu chia ht cho 4 th hai ch s tn cng ca M ch c th l 16, 36, 56, 76, 96 Ta
c: 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25 = 52 l s chnh phng.
Bi 10: Chng minh rng tng bnh phng ca hai s l bt k khng phi l mt s chnh
a2 + b2 = (2k+1)2 + (2m+1)2 =
phng. a v b l nn a = 2k+1, b = 2m+1 (Vi k, m N)
4k2 + 4k + 1 + 4m2 + 4m + 1 = 4(k2 + k + m2 + m) + 2 = 4t + 2 (Vi t N)
Khng c s chnh phng no c dng 4t + 2 (t N) do a2 + b2 khng th l s chnh phng.
Bi 11: Chng minh rng nu p l tch ca n s nguyn t u tin th p-1 v p+1 khng th l
cc s chnh phng. V p l tch ca n s nguyn t u tin nn p 2 v p khng chia ht cho 4 (1)
a. Gi s p+1 l s chnh phng . t p+1 = m2 (m N)
V p chn nn p+1 l m2 l m l.
t m = 2k+1 (k N). Ta c m2 = 4k2 + 4k + 1 p+1 = 4k2 + 4k + 1
p = 4k2 + 4k = 4k(k+1) 4 mu thun vi (1) p+1 l s chnh phng
b. p = 2.3.5 l s chia ht cho 3 p-1 c dng 3k+2.
Khng c s chnh phng no c dng 3k+2 p-1 khng l s chnh phng .
Vy nu p l tch n s nguyn t u tin th p-1 v p+1 khng l s chnh phng
Bi 12: Gi s N = 1.3.5.72007.Chng minh rng trong 3 s nguyn lin tip 2N-1, 2N v
2N+1 khng c s no l s chnh phng.
a. 2N-1 = 2.1.3.5.72007 1
C 2N 3 2N-1 khng chia ht cho 3 v 2N-1 = 3k+2 (k N)
2N-1 khng l s chnh phng.
b. 2N = 2.1.3.5.72007
V N l N khng chia ht cho 2 v 2N 2 nhng 2N khng chia ht cho 4.
2N chn nn 2N khng chia cho 4 d 1 2N khng l s chnh phng.
c. 2N+1 = 2.1.3.5.72007 + 1
2N+1 l nn 2N+1 khng chia ht cho 4
2N khng chia ht cho 4 nn 2N+1 khng chia cho 4 d 1. 2N+1 khng l s chnh phng.
3

Bi 13: Cho a = 111 ; b = 10005

2008 ch s 1

Chng minh

2007 ch s 0

l s t nhin.

ab +1

Cch 1: Ta c a = 111 =

10

2008

; b = 10005 = 1000 + 5 = 102008 + 5

2008 ch s 1

ab+1 =
ab +1

1)(10
9
10 2008 + 2 2

(10

2008

2007 ch s 0
2008

Ta thy 102008 + 2 = 10002

+ 5)

+1=

(10

2008

2008 ch s 0

) + 4.10 2008 5 + 9
9
2

2
10 2008 + 2

10 2008 + 2
3

nn

10 2008 + 2
3

N hay

ab +1

l s t nhin.

2007 ch s 0

Cch 2: b = 10005 = 1000 1 + 6 = 999 + 6 = 9a +6

2007 ch s 0

2008 ch s 0

2008 ch s 9

ab+1 = a(9a +6) + 1 = 9a2 + 6a + 1 = (3a+1)2

ab +1

(3a +1) 2

= 3a + 1 N

B. DNG 2: TM GI TR CA BIN BIU THC L S CHNH PHNG

Bi1: Tm s t nhin n sao cho cc s sau l s chnh phng:
a. n2 + 2n + 12
b. n ( n+3 ) ;c. 13n + 3 ;
d. n2 + n + 1589
Gii
a. V n2 + 2n + 12 l s chnh phng nn t n2 + 2n + 12 = k2 (k N)
(n2 + 2n + 1) + 11 = k2 k2 (n+1)2 = 11 (k+n+1)(k-n-1) = 11
Nhn xt thy k+n+1 > k-n-1 v chng l nhng s nguyn dng, nn ta c th vit
(k+n+1)(k-n-1) = 11.1
k+n+1 = 11 k = 6
kn-1=1
n=4
b. t n(n+3) = a2 (n N) n2 + 3n = a2 4n2 + 12n = 4a2
(4n2 + 12n + 9) 9 = 4a2 (2n + 3) 2 - 4a2 = 9 (2n + 3 + 2a)(2n + 3 2a) = 9
Nhn xt thy 2n + 3 + 2a > 2n + 3 2a v chng l nhng s nguyn dng, nn ta c th vit
(2n + 3 + 2a)(2n + 3 2a) = 9.1
2n + 3 + 2a = 9 n = 1
2n + 3 2a = 1
a=2
c. t 13n + 3 = y2 ( y N) 13(n 1) = y2 16 13(n 1) = (y + 4)(y 4)
(y + 4)(y 4) 13 m 13 l s nguyn t nn y + 4 13 hoc y 4 13
y = 13k 4 (Vi k N) 13(n 1) = (13k 4 )2 16 = 13k.(13k 8)
n = 13k2 8k + 1. Vy n = 13k2 8k + 1 (Vi k N) th 13n + 3 l s chnh phng.
d. t n2 + n + 1589 = m2 (m N) (4n2 + 1)2 + 6355 = 4m2
(2m + 2n +1)(2m 2n -1) = 6355
Nhn xt thy 2m + 2n +1> 2m 2n -1 > 0 v chng l nhng s l, nn ta c th vit (2m + 2n
+1)(2m 2n -1) = 6355.1 = 1271.5 = 205.31 = 155.41
Suy ra n c th c cc gi tr sau: 1588; 316; 43; 28.
4

Bi 2: Tm a cc s sau l nhng s chnh phng:

a.
a2 + a + 43 ; b) a2 + 81
; c) a2 + 31a + 1984
Kt qu: a. 2; 42; 13
; b. 0; 12; 40 ;
c. 12; 33; 48; 97; 176; 332; 565; 1728
Bi 3: Tm s t nhin n 1 sao cho tng 1! + 2! + 3! + + n! l mt s chnh phng .
Vi n = 1 th 1! = 1 = 12 l s chnh phng .
Vi n = 2 th 1! + 2! = 3 khng l s chnh phng
Vi n = 3 th 1! + 2! + 3! = 1+1.2+1.2.3 = 9 = 32 l s chnh phng
Vi n 4 ta c 1! + 2! + 3! + 4! = 1+1.2+1.2.3+1.2.3.4 = 33 cn 5!; 6!; ; n! u tn cng bi 0
do 1! + 2! + 3! + + n! c tn cng bi ch s 3 nn n khng phi l s chnh phng .
Vy c 2 s t nhin n tha mn bi l n = 1; n = 3.
Bi 4: Tm n N cc s sau l s chnh phng:
a. n2 + 2004
( Kt qu: 500; 164)
b. (23 n)(n 3)
( Kt qu: 3; 5; 7; 13; 19; 21; 23)
c. n2 + 4n + 97 ; d) 2n + 15
Bi 5: C hay khng s t nhin n 2006 + n2 l s chnh phng.
Gi s 2006 + n2 l s chnh phng th 2006 + n2 = m2 (m N)
T suy ra m2 n2 = 2006 (m + n)(m - n) = 2006
Nh vy trong 2 s m v n phi c t nht 1 s chn (1)
Mt khc m + n + m n = 2m 2 s m + n v m n cng tnh chn l (2)
T (1) v (2) m + n v m n l 2 s chn (m + n)(m - n) 4 Nhng 2006 khng chia ht cho
4
iu gi s sai. Vy khng tn ti s t nhin n 2006 + n2 l s chnh phng.
Bi 6: Bit x N v x>2. Tm x sao cho x(x-1).x(x-1) = (x-2)xx(x-1)
2

ng thc cho c vit li nh sau: x(x-1) = (x-2)xx(x-1)

Do v tri l mt s chnh phng nn v phi cng l mt s chnh phng .
Mt s chnh phng ch c th tn cng bi 1 trong cc ch s 0; 1; 4; 5; 6; 9 nn x ch c th
tn cng bi 1 trong cc ch s 1; 2; 5; 6; 7; 0 (1)
Do x l ch s nn x 9, kt hp vi iu kin bi ta c x N v 2 < x 9 (2)
T (1) v (2) x ch c th nhn 1 trong cc gi tr 5; 6; 7.
Bng php th ta thy ch c x = 7 tha mn bi, khi 762 = 5776
Bi 7: Tm s t nhin n c 2 ch s bit rng 2n+1 v 3n+1 u l cc s chnh phng.
Ta c 10 n 99 nn 21 2n+1 199. Tm s chnh phng l trong khong trn ta c 25;
49; 81; 121; 169 tng ng vi s n bng 12; 24; 40; 60; 84.
S 3n+1 bng 37; 73; 121; 181; 253. Ch c 121 l s chnh phng.Vy n = 40
Bi 8: Chng minh rng nu n l s t nhin sao cho n+1 v 2n+1 u l cc s chnh phng
th n l bi s ca 24.
V n+1 v 2n+1 l cc s chnh phng nn t n+1 = k2 , 2n+1 = m2 (k, m N)
5

Ta c m l s l m = 2a+1 m2 = 4a (a+1) + 1
2
4a ( a +1)
n = m 1 =
= 2a(a+1)

n chn n+1 l k l t k = 2b+1 (Vi b N) k2 = 4b(b+1) +1

n = 4b(b+1) n 8 (1)

Ta c k2 + m2 = 3n + 2 2 (mod3)
Mt khc k2 chia cho 3 d 0 hoc 1, m2 chia cho 3 d 0 hoc 1.
Nn k2 + m2 2 (mod3) th k2 1 (mod3)
m2 1 (mod3)
m2 k2 3 hay (2n+1) (n+1) 3 n 3 (2)
M (8; 3) = 1 (3) .T (1), (2), (3) n 24.
Bi 9: Tm tt c cc s t nhin n sao cho s 28 + 211 + 2n l s chnh phng .
Gi s 28 + 211 + 2n = a2 (a N) th
2n = a2 482 = (a+48)(a-48)
2p.2q = (a+48)(a-48)
Vi p, q N ; p+q = n v p > q

a+48 = 2p 2p 2q = 96 2q (2p-q -1) = 25.3

a- 48 = 2q
q = 5 v p-q = 2 p = 7
n = 5+7 = 12 . Th li ta c: 28 + 211 + 2n = 802
C.DNG 3: TM S CHNH PHNG
Bi 1: Cho A l s chnh phng gm 4 ch s. Nu ta thm vo mi ch s ca A mt n v th
ta c s chnh phng B. Hy tm cc s A v B.
Gi A = abcd = k2. Nu thm vo mi ch s ca A mt n v th ta c s
B = (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)(d+1) = m2
vi k, m N v 32 < k < m < 100
a, b, c, d N ; 1 a 9 ; 0 b, c, d 9
Ta c
A = abcd = k2
B = abcd + 1111 = m2
m2 k2 = 1111 (m-k)(m+k) = 1111 (*)
Nhn xt thy tch (m-k)(m+k) > 0 nn m-k v m+k l 2 s nguyn dng.
V m-k < m+k < 200 nn (*) c th vit (m-k)(m+k) = 11.101
Do
m k == 11 m = 56
A = 2025
m + k = 101
n = 45
B = 3136
Bi 2: Tm 1 s chnh phng gm 4 ch s bit rng s gm 2 ch s u ln hn s gm 2 ch
s sau 1 n v.
t abcd = k2 ta c ab cd = 1 v k N, 32 k < 100
Suy ra 101cd = k2 100 = (k-10)(k+10) k +10 101 hoc k-10 101
M (k-10; 101) = 1 k +10 101
V 32 k < 100 nn 42 k+10 < 110 k+10 = 101 k = 91 abcd = 912 = 8281
Bi 3: Tm s chnh phng c 4 ch s bit rng 2 ch s u ging nhau, 2 ch s cui ging nhau.
6

Gi s chnh phng phi tm l aabb = n2 vi a, b N, 1 a 9; 0 b 9

Ta c n2 = aabb = 11.a0b = 11.(100a+b) = 11.(99a+a+b) (1)
Nhn xt thy aabb 11 a + b 11
M 1 a 9 ; 0 b 9 nn 1 a+b 18 a+b = 11
Thay a+b = 11 vo (1) c n2 = 112(9a+1) do 9a+1 l s chnh phng .
Bng php th vi a = 1; 2; ; 9 ta thy ch c a = 7 tha mn b = 4
S cn tm l 7744
Bi 4: Tm mt s c 4 ch s va l s chnh phng va l mt lp phng.
Gi s chnh phng l abcd . V abcd va l s chnh phng va l mt lp phng nn t
abcd = x2 = y3 Vi x, y N
V y3 = x2 nn y cng l mt s chnh phng .
Ta c 1000 abcd 9999 10 y 21 v y chnh phng y = 16. abcd = 4096
Bi 5: Tm mt s chnh phng gm 4 ch s sao cho ch s cui l s nguyn t, cn bc hai
ca s c tng cc ch s l mt s chnh phng.
Gi s phi tm l abcd vi a, b, c, d nguyn v 1 a 9 ; 0 b,c,d 9
abcd chnh phng d { 0,1,4,5,6,9}; d nguyn t d = 5
t abcd = k2 < 10000 32 k < 100
k l mt s c hai ch s m k2 c tn cng bng 5 k tn cng bng 5
Tng cc ch s ca k l mt s chnh phng k = 45
abcd = 2025. Vy s phi tm l 2025
Bi 6: Tm s t nhin c hai ch s bit rng hiu cc bnh phng ca s v vit s bi hai
ch s ca s nhng theo th t ngc li l mt s chnh phng
Gi s t nhin c hai ch s phi tm l ab ( a,b N, 1 a,b 9 )
S vit theo th t ngc li ba
2
2
Ta c ab - ba = ( 10a + b ) 2 ( 10b + a )2 = 99 ( a2 b2 ) 11 a2 - b2 11
Hay ( a-b )(a+b ) 11
V 0 < a - b 8 , 2 a+b 18 nn a+b 11 a + b = 11
2
2
Khi ab - ba = 32 . 112 . (a - b)
2
2
ab - ba l s chnh phng th a - b phi l s chnh phng do a-b = 1 hoc a - b = 4
Nu a-b = 1 kt hp vi a+b = 11 a = 6, b = 5, ab = 65
Khi 652 562 = 1089 = 332
Nu a - b = 4 kt hp vi a+b = 11 a = 7,5 ( loi ). Vy s phi tm l 65
Bi 7: Cho mt s chnh phng c 4 ch s. Nu thm 3 vo mi ch s ta cng c mt s
chnh phng. Tm s chnh phng ban u
( Kt qu: 1156 )
Bi 8: Tm s c 2 ch s m bnh phng ca s y bng lp phng ca tng cc ch s ca n.
Gi s phi tm l ab vi a,b N v 1 a 9 , 0 b 9
2
Theo gi thit ta c : ab = ( a + b )3 (10a+b)2 = ( a + b )3
ab l mt lp phng v a+b l mt s chnh phng
7

t ab = t3 ( t N ) , a + b = l 2 ( l N )
V 10 ab 99 ab = 27 hoc ab = 64
Nu ab = 27 a + b = 9 l s chnh phng
Nu ab = 64 a + b = 10 khng l s chnh phng loi. Vy s cn tm l ab = 27
Bi 9: Tm 3 s l lin tip m tng bnh phng l mt s c 4 ch s ging nhau.
Gi 3 s l lin tip l 2n-1, 2n+1, 2n+3 ( n N)
Ta c A= ( 2n-1 )2 + ( 2n+1)2 + ( 2n+3 )2 = 12n2 + 12n + 11
Theo bi ta t 12n2 + 12n + 11 = aaaa = 1111.a vi a l v 1 a 9
12n( n + 1 ) = 11(101a 1 )
101a 1 3 2a 1 3
V 1 a 9 nn 1 2a-1 17 v 2a-1 l nn 2a 1 { 3; 9; 15 } a { 2; 5; 8 }
V a l a = 5 n = 21. Vy
3 s cn tm l 41; 43; 45
Bi 10: Tm s c 2 ch s sao cho tch ca s vi tng cc ch s ca n bng tng lp
phng cc ch s ca s .
ab (a + b ) = a3 + b3 10a + b = a2 ab + b2 = ( a + b )2 3ab 3a( 3 + b ) = ( a + b ) ( a + b 1 )
a + b v a + b 1 nguyn t cng nhau do
a + b = 3a
hoc
a + b 1 = 3a
a +b1=3+b
a+b=3+b
a=4,b=8
hoc
a=3,b=7
Vy ab = 48 hoc ab = 37.
11) Tm n n2 + 2006 l mt s chnh phng
11) Gi s n2 + 2006 l s chnh phng khi ta t n2 + 2006 = a2
( a Z) a2 n2 = 2006
(a-n) (a+n) = 2006 (*)
+ Thy : Nu a,n khc tnh cht chn l th v tri ca (*) l s l nn khng
tha mn (*)
+ Nu a,n cng tnh chn hoc l th (a-n) 2 v (a+n) 2 nn v tri chia ht
cho 4 v v phi khng chia ht cho 4 nn khng tha mn (*)
Vy khng tn ti n n2 + 2006 l s chnh phng.
12) Cho n l s nguyn t ln hn 3. Hi n2 + 2006 l s nguyn t hay l
hp s.
12) n l s nguyn t > 3 nn khng chia ht cho 3. Vy n2 chia ht cho 3
d 1 do
n2 + 2006 = 3m + 1 + 2006 = 3m+2007= 3( m+669) chia ht cho 3.Vy
n2 + 2006 l hp s.
13) Tm s t nhin n sao cho : 1! +2! +3! +...+n!. l s chnh phng?
13) Tm s t nhin n . M 1! +2!+3! +...+n! l bnh phng ca mt s
t nhin.
Xt : n = 1
1! = 12
n = 2 1! +2! = 3
n=3 1! + 2! + 3! = 9 =32
n = 4 1!+ 2! +3! + 4! =33
8

Vi n >4 th n! = 1.2.3.........n l mi s chn .Nn 1!+2!+......+n! =33 cng vi

mt s chn bng sc ch s tn cng ca tng l ch s 3 .Nn n
khng phi l s chnh phng.
Vy ch c hai gi tr n=1 hoc n=3 th 1! +2! + 3! +4! +.......+n!l s
chnh phng.