CHNG 1:TNG QUAN TI

1.1 t vn Tn ti: Nghin cu quy trnh sn xut bia en Nc ta ang trong giai on ngy mt pht trin, i sng con ngi ngy cng c ci thin, nhu c giao tip v gii tr ngy cng nng cao. Ngy nay trong cc bui tic sang trng cng nh cc bui tic cng gia nh v bn b th bia ru l thnh phn khng th thiu. Bia cha rt nhiu cht silicon. y l thnh phn quan trng ca ba n, gip tng cng khi lng khong cht cho xng. Khi ni ti bia en th ai cng bit l loi bia rt ni ting c trng ca nc c. Bia en c thnh phn la mch nhiu hn v li l loi la mch c sy kh cho c mu en (cn gi l carafamalt). Chnh c im ny to s khc bit v tnh cht sn phm: bia en c cht m cao hn, bia vng nhiu vitamin (B2, B6 v B9) hn. Bia ti ung ngon nht nhit 12 C. Nu bia ngui i qu nhit ny, bia en ung vn cn v ngt, trong khi bia vng li ng. Sn phm bia en c mu ti rt tt cho sc khe: M rng mao mch, gim nguy c ng cc mu gy ra bnh tim v t qu. S d bia en c cng dng trn l v thi gian chng lu hn ba ln loi bia bnh thng. Ngi Si Gn khng qun bia en loi lon nhp v vo u thp nin 90 vi nhn hiu quen thuc lc l Guinness. Nhng sn phm thm d th trng ny nhanh chng b ty chay v mi v ging nh thuc bc. Thi gian gn y bia en tr li vi th trng Vit Nam.Thc khch n vi bia en c nhiu l do. C th l khch tnh xa gh Si Gn v tin th mun thng thc bia en m ti a phng cha c. Hoc l ngi mun b sung thm hng v mi vo hnh trang m thc ca h, sau mt thi gian di khng c nhiu la chn. Do nhu cu v bia en trong nc tng cao nn yu cu cp thit v sn xut bia en p ng nhu cu v to c hi cho ngi tiu dng c thng thc loi bia

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 1

ng chai cht lng khng thua km vi cc sn phm bia cng loi c a chung ti th trng Chu u v Chu M. 1.2 Mc tiu nghin cu Sn xut thnh cng sn phm bia en p ng nhu cu tiu th ca th trng trong nc. 1.3 Phng php nghin cu Trn c s thu thp thng tin, su tm, iu tra, kho st, nghin cu m xut quy trnh sn xut bia en tm tt cc phng php thc hin nh sau: Phng php iu tra kho st th trng. Phng php phng vn. Phng php nghin cu l thuyt v sn xut bia en.

1.4 Kt qu d kin ca ti
m bo cht lng bia en t tiu chun. Cng ngh sn xut phi mang tnh hin i v c kh nng s dng trong thi gian di. 1.5 D kin ni dung lun vn -Chng 1: Tng quan v ti Gii thiu tng quan v cc vn lin quan n ti : t vn , mc tiu nghin cu, phng php nghin cu , kt qu d kin ca ti, d kin ni dng lun vn. -Chng 2: Kho st quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bia Tm hiu quy trnh sn xut bia truyn thng,cc thnh phn trong bia -Chng 3: Nghin cu sn xut bia en a ra quy trnh sn xut bia en v cc bc thc hin quy trnh -Chng 4: Kt qu, phn tch v kin ngh nh gi cc kt qu t c v nhng hn ch trong qu trnh thc hin ti . a ra nhng kin ngh

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 2

CHNG 2:KHO ST QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT BIA

2.1 Tng quan v nguyn liu 2.1.1 Nc Do thnh phn chnh ca bia l nc (chim t 80 - 90%) nn ngun nc v cc c trng ca n c mt nh hng rt quan trng ti cc c trng ca bia. Mc d nh hng ca n cng nh l tc ng tng h ca cc loi khong cht ha tan trong nc c s dng trong sn xut bia l kh phc tp, nhng theo quy tc chung th nc cng l ph hp hn cho sn xut cc loi bia sm mu nh bia en. 2.1.2 Malt i mch -Malt l sn phm c ch bin t cc loi ht ha tho nh i mch, tiu mch, thc, ng sau khi cho ny mm iu kin nhn to v sy n m nht nh vi iu kin bt buc. Thi gian v nhit sy khc nhau c p dng to ra cc mu mch nha khc nhau t cng mt loi ng cc. Cc loi mch nha sm mu hn s sn xut ra bia sm mu hn. -Malt cha y enzym amilaza thy phn tinh bt. Malt cung cp kh lng protein v c cha h enzym proteaza thy phn chng. Khi chuyn sang giai on nu, chng thy phn protein to thnh cc phc cht c kh nng gi CO2 tt, to v bia c trng. 2.1.3 Hoa houblon Hoa houblon cha mt s tnh cht ph hp cho bia: -Cung cp v ng cn bng v ngt ca ng mch nha -To ra hng v t mi hoa cho ti mi cam qut hay mi tho mc -Hoa bia c cc hiu ng khng sinh gip cho hot ng ca men bia tt hn trc cc loi sinh vt khng mong mun.

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 3

-Vic s dng hoa houblon gip cho vic duy tr thi gian gi bt lu hn(to ra bi cc cht cacbonat ha bia) 2.1.4 Nm men Men bia l cc vi sinh vt c tc dng ln men ng. Cc ging men bia c th c la chn sn xut cc loi bia khc nhau, nhng c hai ging chnh l men ale (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) v men lager (Saccharomyces uvarum), vi nhiu ging khc na ty theo loi bia no c sn xut. 2.1.5 Ng cc Ph thuc vo loi cy trng trong tng khu vc m cc loi ng cc c/khng c mch nha ha khc cng c th s dng, bao gm la m, la go, yn mch (Avena sativa-Oat) v la mch en (Secale cerealeRye), cng nh t ph bin hn l ng v la min (cao lng, Sorghum chinensis). 2.1.6 Cc ha cht khc Mt s nh sn xut bia cn cho thm mt hay nhiu cht lm trong vo bia m khng b bt buc phi cng b nh l mt thnh phn ca bia. Cc cht lm trong ph bin l thch- thu c t bong bng c; caragin- thu c t to bin; ru Ireland (loi to c tn khoa hc Chondrus crispus); v gilatin

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 4

2.2 Kho st quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bia 2.2.1 Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bia

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 5

2.2.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh sn xut bia Ngm ht: Giai on u tin ca qu trnh sn xut bia, trong ht ng cc cn mch nha ha c ngm trong nc m kch thch ny mm nhm chit ra mch nha. Vic ngm cn phi thi gian v nhit n nh cc enzym c kh nng chuyn ha tinh bt thnh ng c kh nng ln men. Ry nc: Nc c lc qua khi ht ngm ha tan ng. Cht lng sm mu, cha nhiu ng c gi l hm bia. Luc: Hm bia c luc si cng vi cc thnh phn khc cn li (ngoi tr men bia), loi b bt nc tha v git cht cc loi vi khun. Hoa bia (nguyn hay vin nh) c thm vo (hoc s dng cc cht chit ra t hoa bia). Ln men: Men bia c thm vo (hoc rc vo) v hn hp c cho ln men. Sau khi qu trnh ln men s cp, ngi ta c th cho ln men th cp, iu ny cho php men bia v cc cht khc hot ng lu hn. Mt s nh sn xut bia c th b qua giai on ln men th cp v ch n gin l lc b b men bia. ng gi: T thi im ny, bia cha cn, nhng cha c nhiu cacbon ixt. Cc nh sn xut bia c mt s cch thc tng lng cacbon ixt. Cch ph bin nht c cc nh sn xut ln p dng l cacbonat ha cng bc, thng qua vic b sung trc tip kh CO2 vo trong thng bia hay chai bia. Cc nh sn xut nh hoc cc nh sn xut c khuynh hng c in s b sung "ng mi" hoc mt lng nh hm bia va mi ln men ("krusen") vo ng ng dn cui cng, to ra s ln men ngn gi l "bnh n thng" hay "bnh n chai"

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 6

CHNG 3:NGHIN CU SN XUT BIA EN

3.1 Cn bng vt cht 3.1.1 Lng bia sn xut t 100kg nguyn liu ban u 3.1.2 Mc tiu hao nguyn liu cho 100 lt bia 3.1.3 Thnh phn cc cht trong nguyn liu -Nc: nc cng l ph hp hn cho sn xut cc loi bia sm mu nh bia en. + Cc mui cacbonat v bicacbonat s ha tan cht ng, cht cht trong v malt (nht l Na2CO3) gy cho bia c v ng kh chu. + Nhng cacbonat v bicacbonat trong nc s lm h acid ca h malt lm cn tr hot ng ca h enzim trong malt - i mch: bia en th c chng ct vi hm lng la mch ( sy, rang s) nn c mu en (cn gi l carafamalt) v snh, st nhiu hn. i mch cng ging nh nhng ng cc khc bao gm hai thnh phn chnh l glucid v protein nhng i mch c hm lng cao hn so vi cc loi ng cc khc v quan trng nht l t l glucid/protein cn i thch hp cho vic sn xut bia . - Malt l tn gi ca ng cc ny mm (i mch, tiu mch, ht go, thc go, thc mm).Tuy nhin Vit Nam cha trng c i mch, do phi nhp malt t nc ngoi nn chi ph sn xut tng ln. Do vy gi thnh ca tng loi bia tng ng vi hm lng malt nguyn cht, t cng mt phn quyt nh xem bia c ngon hay khng. malt en c mu sm hn, v malt phi ng nh, kch thc v hnh dng phi ging nh ht i mch kh. - Hoa houblon l nguyn liu c bn ng th 2 (sau i mch) ca cng ngh sn xut bia. Hoa houblon lm cho bia c v ng du, hng thm rt c trng lm tng kh nng to v gi bn bt, lm tng bn keo v n nh thnh phn sinh hc ca sn phm. do nhng c tnh cc k c bit nh vy nn hoa houblon vn gi mt vai tr c tn v l nguyn liu khng th thay th trong ngnh sn xut bia.
SVTH:Nguyn Thu H Trang 7

-Men bia: + Ln men mnh trong lng mi trng; khi ht ngun cacbon trong mi trng, c xu hng kt chm, chui v lng nhanh xung y thng ln men, lm trong bia nhanh. +Ln men malttose. +c bit rafinose v cc dextrin n gin, ln men tt, thm ch nhit thp t 610oC (cc ging khc khng c kh nng ny). -Cht ph gia: + Cc ha cht x l cng, iu chnh kim ca nc cng ngh nh HCl,Al2(SO4)3.16H2O, CaSO4, . . . . + Cc ha cht a vo ngn chn qu trnh oxy ha nhng thnh phn trong bia nh acid ascorbic, H2O2, . . . +Cht to mu cho bia: caramen +Cc ha cht dng iu chnh ph nh: H2SO4, acid lactic, CaCl2 3.1.4 Lng bia thnh phm thu c trong mt m c glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, saccharose,

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 8

3.2 Quy trnh cng ngh

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 9

3.3 Thuyt minh quy trinh cng ngh sn xut bia en 3.3.1 Nghin Mc ch: ph v cu trc tinh bt ca ht, nghin ht thnh nhiu mnh nh tng b mt tip xc vi nc, gip cho s xm nhp ca nc vo cc thnh phn ni nh nhanh hn, thc y qu trnh h ha v cc qu trnh thy phn khc nhanh v trit hn. 3.3.2 Qu trnh nu Trong qa trnh ny malt sau khi c nghin s ho tan chung vi nc theo mt t l ph hp vi tng loi sn phm v di tc dng ca cc enzyme nhit nht nh s c ng ho trong ni nu malt. V go s c h ho, sau c phi trn li vi nhau trong ni nu malt c ng ho trc khi c bm sang ni lc. Sau khi qu trnh un si v houblon ho kt thc th trong dch ng c rt nhiu cn. 3.3.3 Lc dch ng Lc l qu trnh tch dch ng ra khi b. thu kit cht ho tan t b sang dch ng, qu trnh lc s tin hnh theo hai bc: lc tch dch ng ra khi b v ra b. 3.3.4 un si vi hoa houblon -Mc ch chnh ca qu trnh houblon ho ln 1 l: +Trch ly cht ng, polyphenol, cc hp cht cha nit v cc thnh phn khc ca hoa houblon vo trong dch ng. +n nh thnh phn ca dch ng to cho bia mi v ca hoa houblon. + Lm keo t phn ln protein bt n nh v cc cht khng ho tan khc ca dch ng, to nn ta nng v lng xung y ni un si. Tuy nhin, nhng cht cht (tanin) khng b oxy ho cng to thnh phc vi protein, tn ti trong dch ng di dng ta ngui. y chnh l nguyn nhn lm cho bia thnh phm b c.

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 10

-Mc ch chnh ca qu trnh cp houblon ln 2 l: trch ly tinh du trong hoa houblon vin. 3.3.5 Lng -Sau khi kt thc qu trnh un si, nc nha c bm sang thng lng cn nhm mc ch tch cn v ta nng. 3.3.6 Lm lnh nhanh -Mc ch: a nhit v nhit thch hp cho qu trnh ln men theo yu cu k thut ng thi to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh bo ha O2. -Phi tit trng ng ng trc khi lm lnh. -Nh my s dng thit b h nhit khung bn lm lnh nc nha 3.3.7 Ln men -Qu trnh ln men chnh nhm chuyn ha ng trong dch nha thnh ethanol, carbondioxide cng vi cc sn phm ph v sn phm trung gian t qu trnh trao i cht ca nm men. -S dng phng php ln men gin on. y l hnh thc d thc hin, d kim sot v d iu hnh. c bit s dng phng php ny cht lng bia kh n nh, t gp s c k thut +Bin i sinh hc: giai on sinh trng hiu kh, giai on sinh trng k kh(Nhit ln men, p sut ln men) +Bin i ha sinh:

Qu trnh ln men din ra s trao i glulcid t bo nm men S trao i lipid S trao i cc hp cht nit S thay i pH S to thnh cc ester S hnh thnh bt
3.3.8 Lc

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 11

Lc b cn b ly dung dch bia 3.3.9 ng chai cho sn phm

CHNG 4: KT QU PHN TCH

4.1 Kim tra sn phm Sn phm trc khi a vo hot ng cn c s kim tra ca cc c quan chuyn mn. y l giai on nghim thu sn phm gm cc bc: ca b y t. 4.2 Kt lun Sn phm bia en l sn phm khng mi th trng Vit Nam nhng l sn phm ngoi nhp,v th vic nghin cu v a ra quy trnh sn xut trong nc s tng sc cnh tranh v nng cao khu v ca ngi Vit. Trong bia en hm lng dinh dng cao hn rt nhiu so vi bia vng v bia , v th khi ung mt lng va s rt tt cho sc khe. nng cao cht lng v khu v ca sn phm th cn c s nghin cu v u t v vn v cng ngh sn xut. Sn phm bia en t cht lng tt khi c cc cng ngh hin i nh dy chuyn sn xut ca cV th s quan tm v u t ca nh nc i vi nghnh sn xut bia l rt ln. nh gi cm quan ca sn phm. Kim tra cng ngh sn xut. Kim tra tiu chun cht lng theo quy nh

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 12

SVTH:Nguyn Thu H

Trang 13