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Khi s dng chiu thc ny i khi cc bn s thy xut hin s mol ca cc cht l s
m, khi Ti mong cc bn hy bnh tnh. l s b tr khi lng ca cc cht
cho cc nguyn t c bo ton. Kt qu cui cng ca ton bi s ko thay i. y l
chiu thc s 1 Ti hng dn dng c bn. Nu cc bn bit vn dng chiu thc ny
c 2 dng <c bn + nng cao> th li gii cn ngn gn hn rt nhiu. Dng nng cao
s gip cc bn gii c c hn hp cc cht hu c na. Ti s ging dy nng cao
phn bi ging sau. Thn i cho tm bit.
Bi tp v nh thuc Chiu Thc 1
Cu 1: Nung 8,4gam Fe trong khng kh , sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn X gm
Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO. Ho tan m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 2,24
lt kh NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
A:11,2 gam B: 10,2 gam
C:7,2 gam D:6,9 gam
Cu 2: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO bng HNO3 c nng thu
c 4,48 lt kh NO2(ktc).C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui
khan. Gi tr ca m l
A:35,7 gam B: 46,4 gam
C:15,8 gam D:77,7 gam
Cu 3: Ho tan hon ton 49,6gam hn hp X gm Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO bng H2SO4
c nng thu c dung dch Y v 8,96 lt kh SO2(ktc).
a) Phn trm khi lng ca oxi trong hoonx hp X l
A:40,24 % B: 30,7 %
C: 20,97 % D: 37,5 %
b) Khi lng mui trong dung dch Y l
A:160 gam B: 140 gam
C:120 gam D: 100 gam
Cu 4: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hnn hp X gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO th cn 0,05 mol
kh H2 .Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c
nng th thu c V ml kh SO2(ktc).gi tr ca V l
A:224ml B: 448ml
C:336ml D:112ml
Cu 5: Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi khng kh , sau phn ng thu c 3 gam hn hp
cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,56 lt kh NO
(ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
A:2,52 gam B: 2,22 gam
C:2,62 gam D:2,32 gam
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO vi s mol moi cht l 0,1 mol . HO tan
ht vo dung dch Y gm (HCl v H2SO4 long) d thu c dung dch Z .Nh t t
dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M vo dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot ra kh NO .Th tch
dung dch Cu(NO3)2 cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc phng n no
A:25ml v 1,12 lt B: 500ml v 22,4 lt
C:50ml v 2,24 lt D: 50ml v 1,12 lt
Cu 7: Nung 8,96 gam Fe trong khng kh , sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn A
gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO. A Ho tan va trong dung dch cha o,5 mol HNO3 thu
c kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. S mol kh NO l
Theo nguyn l bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng, m(g) Cu ban u bin ht
thnh Cu nm trong X'.
m = 64 . x = 64 . 0,7 = 44,8 n n D.
Bi tp v nh thuc tuyt chiu s 2
Cu 1: Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn hp cht rn X gm Cu,
CuO v Cu2O. Ho tan hon ton X trong H2SO4 c nng thot ra 4,48 lt SO2 duy
nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,6. B. 14,72. C. 21,12. D. 22,4
Cu 2: Ho tan hon ton 30,4 gam cht rn X gm Cu, CuS, Cu2S v S bng HNO3 d,
thot ra 20,16 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo Y thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 81,55. B. 104,2. C. 110,95. D. 115,85.
Cu 3: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t
chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l:
A. 18,6 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 19,32 gam. D. 20,4 gam.
Cu 4: Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl
(d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62
gam FeCl2 v m gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,875. B. 9,75. C. 14,625. D. 19,5.
Cu 5: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung
dch HNO3 long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v
dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 49,09. B. 38,72. C. 35,5. D. 34,36.
Cu 6: Oxi ha chm m gam Fe ngoi khng kh thu c 12 gam hn hp X gm FeO,
Fe3O4, Fe2O3 v Fe d. Ho tan hon ton X trong HNO3 thu c 2,24 lt NO (cht
kh duy nht, o ktc). Gi tr m l:
A. 7,57. B. 7,75. C. 10,08. D. 10,8.
Cu 7: Cho 13,92 gam hn hp X gm Cu v mt oxit st vo dung dch HNO3 long d
thu c 2,688 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). C cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c 42,72 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca oxit st l:
A. FeO. B. Fe3O4. C. Fe2O3. D. Khng xc nh c.
Cu 8: t chy 6,72 gam bt Fe trong khng kh thu c m gam hn hp X gm FeO,
Fe3O4, Fe2O3 v Fe d. ho tan X cn dng va ht 255ml dung dch cha HNO3
2M, thu c V lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Gi tr ca m, V ln
lt l:
A. 8,4 v 3,36. B. 8,4 v 5,712. C. 10,08 v 3,36. D. 10,08 v 5,712.
Cu 9: Hn hp bt X gm Zn, ZnS v S. Ho tan hon ton 17,8 gam X trong HNO3
nng, d thu c V lt kh NO2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm t t Ba(OH)2
vo Y thy lng kt ta ti a thu c l 34,95 gam. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 8,96. B. 20,16. C. 22,4. D. 29,12.
Cu 10:Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht
hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh
duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,52. B. 2,22. C. 2,62. D. 2,32.
Cu 11: Cho 18,5 gam hn hp gm Fe v Fe3O4 vo 200ml HNO3 un nng. Sau phn
ng thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc), dung dch D v cn li 1,46 gam kim loi
dung dch HCl thu c 4,256 lt kh H2. Ho tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch
HNO3 thu c 3,584 lt kh NO.
1. Xc nh kim loi R v thnh phn % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A.
2. Cho 7,22 gam A tc dng vi 200ml dung dch B cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
Sau phn ng thu c dung dch C v 16,24 gam cht rn D gm 3 kim loi.
Cho D tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c 1,344 lt H2. Tnh nng mol/l ca
Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong B; (cc th tch o ktc, phn ng xy ra hon
ton).
Bi 4: Nung M gam bt st trong khng kh sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c
104,8 gam hn hp rn A gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Ho tan hon ton A
trong dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lt hn hp kh NO v
N2O ( ktc) c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20,334.
1. Tnh gi tr ca M
2. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta C. Lc kt
ta ri nung n khi lng khng i c cht rn D. Tnh khi lng ca D.
Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 24,3 gam nhm vo dung dch HNO3 long d thu
c hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20,25 v dung dch B
khng cha NH4NO3. Tnh th tch mi kh thot ra ktc)
Bi 6: Cho 200 ml dung dch HNO3 tc dng vi 5 gam hn hp Zn v Al. Phn
ng gii phng ra 0,896 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm NO v N2O. Hn hp kh
c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16,75. Sau khi kt thc phn ng bn lc, thu c
2,013 gam kim loi. Hi sau khi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam
mui khan? Tnh nng dung dch HNO3 trong dung dch ban u.
Bi 7: Ho tan hon ton 2,43 gam kim loi A va vo Z ml dung dch HNO3
0,6M c dung dch B c cha A (NO3)3 ng thi to ra 672 ml hn hp kh
N2O v N2 c t khi hi so vi O2 l 1,125.
1. Xc nh kim loi A v tnh gi tr ca Z
2. Cho vo dung dch B 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau khi phn ng song lc
ly kt ta, ra sch, un nng n khi lng khng i c mt cht rn.
Tnh khi lng ca mt cht rn . Cc V o ktc
Bi 8: Cho a gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol bng nhau
tc dng hon ton vi lng va 250ml dung dch HNO3 khi un nng nh
thu c dung dch B v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp kh C gm NO2 v NO c t
khi so vi H2 l 20,143. Tnh a v nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 dng.
Bi 9: Cho mt hn hp gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200 ml dung dch
C cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Khi cc phn ng kt thc c dung dch D v
8,12g cht rn E gm ba kim loi. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c
0,672 lt H2 (kc). Tnh nng mol ca Ag(NO3)2 trong dung dch C
Bi 10: t chy x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04g hn hp A gm cc oxt st.
Ho tan hon ton A trong HNO3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v
NO2.T khi hi ca Y i vi H2 l 19. Tnh x.
Bi 11: Nung nng 16,8g bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m
gam hn hp X gm oxt st. Ho tan ht hn hp X bng H2SO4 c nng thu
c 5,6 lt SO2 (kc).
a) Vit tt c phn ng xy ra)
b) Tm m.
Suy ra:
a + b = 0,035
(30a + 46b) / (a + b) = 19 . 2 = 38
4(5,04 - 56x)/32 + 3a + 3b = 3x
a = 0,0175; b = 0,0175; x = 0,07
Bi 7: m gam phi bo st (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian c hn
hp (B) nng 12g gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Ho tan ht B bng HNO3 thy
gii phng 2,24 lt NO (kc) duy nht
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng
b. nh m.
Hng dn gii
a. Cc phn ng xy ra:
2Fe + O2 = 2FeO
3Fe + 2O2 = Fe3O4
4Fe + 3O2 = 2Fe2O3
Fe + 4HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
3FeO + 10HNO3 = 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2SO4
3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 = 9Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14H2O
b. Cn c vo s phn ng:
a mol Fe + O2 Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O.
Ta c cc qu trnh cho, nhn electron:
Cho
Fe - 3e = Fe3+
a 3a
Nhn
O2 + 4e = 2O2(12 - 56a)/32 4(12 - 56a)/32
NO3- + 3e + 4H+ = NO + 2H2O
0,03 mol 0,1 mol
3a = 4(12 - 56a)/32 + 0,3 a = 0,18
m = 56a = 10,08g
Tuyt chiu s 6 (Bo ton khi lng)
Ch nht, 17 Thng 5 2009 17:00 Ti quang dung
P DNG PHNG PHP BO TON KHI LNG
Nguyn tc ca phng php ny kh n gin, da vo nh lut bo ton khi
lng (LBTKL): "Tng khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi
lng cc cht to thnh sau phn ng".
Cn lu l: khng tnh khi lng ca phn khng tham gia phn ng cng
nh phn cht c sn, v d nc c sn trong dung dch. Khi c cn dung dch
th khi lng mui thu c bng tng khi lng cc cation kim loi v anion
gc axit.
V d 1: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe2O3. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng
s ng m gam hn hp X nung nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 64
7. D.
8. a-D, b-B
9. B.
10. A
Tuyt chiu s 7
Th ba, 19 Thng 5 2009 18:00 Ti quang dung
KIM LOI PHN NG VI MUI
I. PHNG PHP
Dng I: Mt kim loi y mt ion kim loi khc.
iu kin kim loi X y c kim loi Y ra khi dung dch mui ca Y:
- X phi ng trc Y trong dy in ha.
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image010.jpg[/IMG]
V d: Xt phn ng sau:
Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag
Phn ng trn lun xy ra v: Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag v Ag+ c tnh oxi
ha mnh hn Cu2+.
Fe + Al3+: Phn ng ny khng xy ra v Fe ng sau Al trong dy in ha.
- Mui ca kim loi Y phi tan trong nc.
Zn + Fe(NO3)3 Zn(NO3)2 + Fe
phn ng ny xy ra v Zn ng trc Fe v mui st nitrat tan tt trong nc.
Al + PbSO4: Phn ng ny khng xy ra v mui ch sunfat khng tan trong
nc.
Ch : Khng c ly cc kim loi kim (Na, K, ...) v kim th (Ca, Sr, Ba)
mc d chng ng trc nhiu kim loi nhng khi cho vo nc th s tc
dng vi nc trc to ra mt baz, sau s thc hin phn ng trao i vi
mui to hiroxit (kt ta).
V d: Cho kali vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 th c cc phn ng sau:
K + H2O KOH + 1/2 H2.
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6KOH 2Fe(OH)3 + 3K2SO4
Dng II: Cho mt kim loi X vo dung dch cha hai mui ca hai ion kim loi
Yn+ v Zm+.
- n gin trong tnh ton, ta ch xt trng hp X ng trc Y v Z, ngha
l kh c c hai ion Yn+ v Zm+ (Y ng trc Z).
- Do Zm+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Yn+ nn X phn ng vi Zm+ trc:
mX + qZm+ mXq+ + qZ (1) (q l ha tr ca X)
Nu sau phn ng (1) cn d X th c phn ng:
nX + qYn+ nXq+ + qY (2)
Vy, cc trng hp xy ra sau khi phn ng kt thc:
+ Nu dung dch cha 3 ion kim loi (Xq+, Yn+ v Zm+) th khng c phn ng
(2) xy ra, tc l kim loi X ht v ion Zm+ cn d.
+ Nu dung dch cha hai ion kim loi (Xq+, Yn+) th phn ng (1) xy ra xong
ng trc Z, T).
Gi s X > Y, Zn+ > Tm+, ta xt cc trng hp sau:
Trng hp 1: Nu bit s mol ban u ca X, Y, Zn+, Tm+, ta ch cn tnh s
mol theo th t phn ng.
X + Tm+ ...
X + Zn+ ... (nu d X, ht Tm+)
Y + Tm+ ... (nu ht X, d Tm+)
Trng hp 2: Nu khng bit s mol ban u, da trn s ion tn ti trong
dung dch sau phn ng d on cht no ht, cht no cn.
V d: Nu dung dch cha ba ion kim loi (Xa+, Yb+, Zn+) Ht Tm+, ht X, Y
(cn d Zc+), ... th ta s dng phng php tnh sau y:
Tng s electron cho bi X, Y = tng s electron nhn bi Zn+, Tm+.
V d: Cho a mol Zn v b mol Fe tc dng vi c mol Cu2+.
Cc bn phn ng.
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
(mol) a 2a
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
(mol) b 2b
Cu Cu2+ + 2e
(mol) c 2c
Tng s mol electron cho: 2a + 2b (mol)
Tng s mol electron nhn: 2c (mol)
Vy: 2a + 2b = 2c a + b = c.
II. V D P DNG
V d 1: Cho 0,387 gam hn hp A gm Zn v Cu vo dung dch Ag2SO4 c s
mol l 0,005 mol. Khuy u ti phn ng hon ton thu c 1,144gam cht
rn. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi.
Hng dn gii:
- Phn ng:
Zn + Ag2SO4 = ZnSO4 + 2Ag
Cu + Ag2SO4 = CuSO4 + 2Ag
- V tng s mol Zn v Cu nm trong gii hn:
0,387/65 < nhh < 0,387/64
0,0059 < nhh < 0,00604
nhh ln hn 0,005 mol, chng t Ag2SO4 ht.
- Gi s Zn phn ng mt phn, Cu cha tham gia phn ng.
Gi s mol Zn ban u l x; s mol Zn phn ng l x'
Gi s mol Cu ban u l y.
Khi lng kim loi tng:
108.2x' - 65.x' = 1,144 - 0,387 = 0,757 (gam)
151x' = 0,757 x' = 0,00501.
S mol ny ln hn 0,005 mol, iu ny khng ph hp vi bi, do Zn
phn ng ht v x = x'.
- Zn phn ng ht, Cu tham gia phn ng mt phn.
Gi s mol Cu tham gia phn ng l y.
Ta c phng trnh khi lng kim loi tng:
2. Ap dung va mt s chu y
a) khi lng mui (trong dung dich) = tng khi lng cac ion m
b) Qua trinh ap dung inh lut bao toan in tich thng kt hp:
- Cac phng phap bao toan khac: Bao toan khi lng, bao toan nguyn t
- Vit phng trinh hoa hoc ang ion thu gon
- TN2: Cho 3,84g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M
thot ra V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng
iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l:
A. V2 = V1. B. V2 = 2 V1. C. V2 = 2,5V1. D. V2 = 1,5V1.
Hng dn gii
TN1:
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image032.jpg[/IMG]
V2 tng ng vi 0,04 mol NO.
Nh vy V2 = 2V1
p n B.
V d 11: Trn 100ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400ml
dung dch gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X. Gi tr
pH ca dung dch X l:
A. 1. B. 2. C. 6. D. 7.
Hng dn gii
Ta c
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image034.jpg[/IMG]
Khi trn hn hp dung dch baz vi hn hp dung dch axit ta c phng trnh
ion rt gn:
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image036.jpg[/IMG]
p n B.
V d 12: Cho 1 mu hp kim Na - Ba tc dng vi nc d thu c dung dch
X v 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho
dung dch X l:
A. 150ml. B. 75ml. C. 60ml. D. 30ml.
Hng dn gii
Na + H2O NaOH + 1/2 H2
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image038.jpg[/IMG]
p n B.
Tuyt chiu s 10 (s dung cng thc kinh nghim)
Th nm, 28 Thng 5 2009 10:06 Ti quang dung
PHNG PHP S DNG CNG THC KINH NGHIM
I. PHNG PHP GII
1. Ni dung phng php
* Xt bi ton tng qut quen thuc:
+ O2 +HNO3(H2SO4 c, nng)
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image040.jpg[/IMG]
m gam m1gam (n: max)
Gi:
S mol kim loi a
S oxi ho cao nht (max) ca kim loi l n
S mol electron nhn (2) l t mol
Ta c:
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image041.jpg[/IMG]
Mt khc:
ne nhn = n e (oxi) + ne (2)
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image042.jpg[/IMG]
+ ng vi M l Fe (56), n = 3 ta c: m = 0.7.m1 + 5,6.t (2)
+ ng vi M l Cu (64), n = 2 ta c: m = 0.8.m1 + 6,4.t (3)
T (2,3) ta thy:
+ Bi ton c 3 i lng: m, m1 v ne nhn (2) (hoc V kh (2)).
Khi bit 2 trong 3 i lng trn ta tnh c ngay i lng cn li.
+ giai on (2) bi c th cho s mol, th tch hoc khi lng ca 1
kh hay nhiu kh; giai on (1) c th cho s lng cht rn c th l
cc oxit hoc hn hp gm kim loi d v cc oxit.
2. Phm vi p dng v mt s ch
+ Ch dng kh HNO3 (hoc (H2SO4 c, nng) ly d hoc va .
+ Cng thc kinh nghim trn ch p dng vi 2 kim loi Fe v Cu.
3. Cc bc gii
+ Tm tng s mol electron nhn giai on kh N+5 hoc S+6
+ Tm tng khi lng hn hp rn (kim loi v oxit kim loi): m1
+ p dng cng thc (2) hoc (3)
II. TH D MINH HO
Th d 1. t chy hon ton 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh O2 thu c
7,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v mt phn Fe cn d.
Ho tan hon ton lng hn hp X trn vo dung dch HNO3 thu
c V lt hn hp kh Y gm NO2 v NO c t khi so vi H2 bng 19.
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,896. B. 0,672. C. 1,792. D.0,448.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (1): ne nhn (2) => ne nhn (2) = 0,08
T dy/H2 =19 => nNO2 = nNO = x
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image043.jpg[/IMG]
Vy: V = 22,4.0,02.2 = 0,896 lt -> p n A.
Th d 2. m gam bt Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c
11,28 gam hn hp X gm 4 cht. Ho tan ht X trong lng d
dung dch HNO3 thu c 672ml kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,6. B.11.2. C.7,0 D. 8.4.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (2):
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image044.jpg[/IMG]
-> p n D.
Th d 3. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 1,344 lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch
Y thu c m gam mui khan.Gi tr ca m l:
A. 49,09 B. 35,50 C. 38,72. D.34,36.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (2):
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image045.jpg[/IMG]
=> m = 38,72 gam
p n C.
Th d 4. Cho 11,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 vo dung
dch HNO3 long, d thu c V lt kh Y gm NO v NO2 c t khi
so vi H2 bng 19. Mt khc, nu cho cng lng hn hp X trn
tc dng vi kh CO nng d th sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 9,52 gam Fe. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1,40. B. 2,80 C.5,60. D.4,20
Hng dn gii:
T dy/H2 =19 => nNO2 = nNO = x => ne nhn = 4x
p dng cng thc: 9,52 = 0,7.11,6 + 5,6.4x => x = 0,0625
=> V = 22,4.0,0625.2 = 2,80 lt -> p n B
Th d 5. Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn hp
cht rn X gm Cu, CuO v Cu2O. Ho tan hon ton X trong H2SO4
c nng thot ra 4,48 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,6 B. 14,72 C. 21,12 D. 22,4.
Hng dn giai:
Ap dung cng thc (3):
M = 0,8m rn + 6,4.n e nhn (2)
=> m = 0,8.24,8 + 6,4.0,2.2 = 22,4 gam => ap an D.
III. Bai tp ap dung
Cu 1: m gam bt st ngoai khng khi, sau mt thi gian thy
khi lng cua hn hp thu c la 12 gam. Hoa tan hn hp
nay trong dung dich HNO3 thu c 2,24 lit khi NO (san phm kh
duy nht, ktc). Gia tri cua m la:
A. 5,6 gam.
B. 20,08 gam.
C. 11,84 gam.
D. 14,95 gam.
A. 9,6 gam.
B. 14,72 gam.
C. 21,12 gam.
D. 22,4 gam.
Cu 8: Hoa tan hoan toan 18,16 gam hn hp X gm Fe va Fe3O4
trong 2 lit dung dich HNO3 2M thu c dung dich Y va 4,704 lit khi
NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Phn trm khi lng Fe trong hn hp X la:
A. 38,23%.
B. 61,67%.
C. 64,67%.
D. 35,24%.
Cu 9: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe3O4 tac dung vi 200 ml dung
dich HNO3 3,2M. Sau khi phan ng hoan toan c 0,1 mol khi NO (san
phm kh duy nht) va con lai 1,46 gam kim loai khng tan.
Gia tri cua m la:
A. 17,04 gam.
B. 19,20 gam.
C. 18,50 gam.
D. 20,50 gam.
Cu 10: m gam Fe trong khng khi 1 thi gian c 7,52 gam hn
hp X gm 4 cht. Hoa tan ht X trong dung dich H2SO4 c, nong d
c 0,672 lit khi SO2 (san phm kh duy nht, ktc) va dung dich Y.
C can cn thn dung dich Y c m1 gam mui khan.
Gia tri cua m va m1 ln lt la:
A. 7 gam va 25 gam.
B. 4,2 gam va 1,5 gam.
C. 4,48 gam va 16 gam.
D. 5,6 gam va 20 gam.
Cu 11: Cho 5,584 gam hn hp bt Fe va Fe3O4 tac dung va u
vi 500 ml dung dich HNO3 loang. Sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan
c 0,3136 lit khi NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc) va dung dich X.
Nng mol cua dung dich HNO3 la:
A. 0,472M.
B. 0,152M
C. 3,04M.
D. 0,304M.
Cu 12: kh hoan toan 9,12 gam hn hp cac oxit: FeO, Fe3O4 va
Fe2O3 cn 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). Nu hoa tan 9,12 gam hn hp trn bng
H2SO4 c nong d thi th tich khi SO2 (san phm kh duy nht, ktc)
thu c ti a la:
A. 280 ml.
B. 560 ml.
C. 672 ml.
D. 896 ml.
Cu 13: Cho khi CO i qua ng s ng 16 gam Fe2O3 un nong, sau
Nhung thTi ng vao dung dich Z n khi phan ng hoan toan thy
khi lng thTi ng giam 12,8 gam. Phn trm khi lng cua cac
cht trong hn hp X ln lt bng:
A. 33,3% va 66,7%.
B. 61,3% va 38,7%.
C. 52,6% va 47,4%.
D. 75% va 25%.
Cu 19: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam Fe3O4 trong dung dich HNO3, toan
b lng khi NO thoat ra bn trn vi lng O2 va u hn hp
hp thu hoan toan trong nc c dung dich HNO3. Bit th tich Oxi
a tham gia vao qua trinh trn la 336 ml ( ktc). Gia tri cua m la:
A. 34,8 gam.
B. 13,92 gam.
C. 23,2 gam.
D. 20,88 gam.
Cu 20: Thi t t V lit hn hp khi CO va H2 co ti khi hi so vi H2
la 7,5 qua mt ng s ng 16,8 gam hn hp 3 oxit CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3
nung nong. Sauk hi phan ng thu c hn hp khi va hi co ti khi so
vi H2 la 15,5; dn hn hp khi nay vao dung dich Ca(OH)2 d thy co
5 gam kt tua. Th tich V ( ktc) va khi lng cht rn con lai trong
ng s ln lt la:
A. 0,448 lit; 16,48 gam.
B. 1,12 lit; 16 gam.
C. 1,568 lit; 15,68 gam.
D. 2,24 lit; 15,2 gam.
ap an:
1B - 2C - 3C - 4A - 5A - 6A - 7D - 8B - 9C - 10D
11A - 12C - 13C - 14A - 15B - 16C - 17B - 18C - 19B - 20D.
Tuyt chiu s 11 (Phng Phap ng cheo)
Th hai, 01 Thng 6 2009 06:54 Ti quang dung
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I. PHNG PHAP GIAI
1. Ni dung phng phap: Trn ln 2 dung dich
Khi lng
Th tich
Nng
(C% hoc CM)
Dung dich 1
m1
V1
C1
Dung dich 2
m2
V2
C2
Dung dich
Cn pha ch
m = m1+m2
V = V1+V2
C
S ng cheo ng vi mi trng hp:
a. i vi nng % v khi lng:
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image053.jpg[/IMG]
b. i vi nng mol:
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image055.jpg[/IMG]
2. Cac dang toan thng gp
Dang 1. Pha ch dung dich
Pha dung dich vi dung dich: xac inh C1, C2, C va ap dung cac cng thc (1)
va (2).
Pha ch dung dich vi dung mi (H2O): dung mi nguyn cht co C = 0%.
Pha ch cht rn co tng tac vi H2O tao cht tan vao dung dich: luc nay, do
co s tng tac vi H2O tao cht tan nn ta phai chuyn cht rn sang dung
dich co nng tng ng C > 100%.
Pha ch tinh th mui ngm nc vao dung dich: tinh th c coi nh dung
dich co
C < 100%, y gia tri cua C chinh la ham lng % cua cht tan trong tinh th
mui ngm ngc.
Chu y:
- Khi lng ring cua H2O la 1g/ml.
- Phng phap nay khng ap dung c khi trn ln 2 dung dich co xay ra
phan ng gia cac cht tan vi nhau (tr phan ng vi H2O) nn khng ap
dung c vi trng hp tinh toan pH.
Dang 2: Tinh ti l mol cac cht trong hn hp
i vi hn hp gm 2 cht, khi bit khi lng phn t cac cht va khi lng
phn t trung binh cua hn hp, ta d dang tinh c ti l mol cua cac cht theo
cng thc s (2) va ngc lai.
Chu y:
- y cac gia tri cua C c thay bng cac gia tri KLPT tng ng.
- T phng phap ng cheo ta rut ra cng thc tinh nhTi thanh phn % s
mol cua hn hp 2 cht co khi lng phn t M1, M2 va khi lng trung binh
la:
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/NgocNha/LOCALS
%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image056.jpg[/IMG]
Dang 3. Bai toan hn hp cac cht co tinh cht hoa hoc tng t nhau.
Vi hn hp gm 2 cht ma v ban cht hoa hoc la tng t nhau (VD: CaCO3
va BaCO3) ta chuyn chung v mt cht chung va ap dung ng cheo nh cac
bai toan ti l mol hn hp.
Dang 4. Bai toan trn ln hai cht rn.
Khi chi quan tm n ham lng % cua cac cht, phng phap ng cheo ap
dung c cho ca trng hp trn ln 2 hn hp khng ging nhau. Luc nay
cac gia tri C trong cng thc tinh chinh la ham lng % cua cac cht trong tng
hn hp cung nh tng ham lng % trong hn hp mi tao thanh.
im mu cht la phai xac inh c chung cac gia tri ham lng % cn thit.
3. anh gia phng phap ng cheo
- y la phng phap co nhiu u im, giup tng tc tinh toan, va la 1 cng
cu b tr rt c lc cho phng phap trung binh.
- Phng phap ng cheo co th ap dung tt cho nhiu trng hp, nhiu
dang bai tp, c bit la dang bai pha ch dung dich va tinh thanh phn hn hp.
- Thng s dung kt hp gia ng cheo vi phng phap trung binh va
phng phap bao toan nguyn t. Vi hn hp phc tap co th s dung kt hp
nhiu ng cheo.
- Trong a s trng hp khng cn thit phai vit s dng cheo nhm rut
ngn thi gian lam bai.
- Nhc im cua phng phap nay la khng ap dung c cho nhng bai toan
trong o co xay ra phan ng gia cac cht tan vi nhau, khng ap dung c
vi trng hp tinh toan pH.
II. CC BC GII
- Xc nh tr s cn tm t bi
- Chuyn cc s liu sang dng i lng % khi lng
- Xy dng ng cho => Kt qu bi ton
III. CC TRNG HP P DNG V TH D MINH HO
Dng 1. Pha ch dung dch
Th d 1. thu c dung dch HNO3 20% cn ly a gam dung dch HNO3
Cu 1: thu c dung dich HCl 30% cn ly a gam dung dich HCl 55% pha
vi b gam dung dich HCl 15%. Ti l a/b la:
A. 2/5.
B. 3/5.
C. 5/3.
D. 5/2.
Cu 2: pha c 100 ml dung dich nc mui co nng mol 0,5M cn ly
V ml dung dich NaCl 2,5M. Gia tri cua V la:
A. 80,0.
B. 75,0.
C. 25,0.
D. 20,0.
Cu 3: Hoa tan 10 gam SO3 vao m gam dung dich H2SO4 49,0% ta c dung
dich H2SO4 78,4%. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 6,67.
B. 7,35.
C. 13,61.
D. 20,0.
Cu 4: thu c 100 gam dung dich FeCl3 30% cn hoa tan a gam tinh th
FeCl3.6H2O vao b gam dung dich FeCl3 10%. Gia tri cua b la:
A. 22,2.
B. 40,0.
C. 60,0.
D. 77,8.
Cu 5: Mt hn hp gm CO va CO2 iu kin tiu chun co ti khi i vi
hidro la 18,2. Thanh phn % v th tich cua CO2 trong hn hp la:
A. 45,0%.
B. 47,5%.
C. 52,5%.
D. 55,0%.
Cu 6: Cn tren 2 th tich metan vi 1 th tich hidrocacbon X thu c hn
hp khi co ti khi hi so vi hidro bng 15. X la:
A. C4H10.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H6.
Cu 7: Mt loti khi lo cc (thanh phn chinh la CH4 va H2) co ti khi so vi He la
1,725. Th tich H2 co trong 200,0 ml khi lo cc o la:
A. 20,7 ml.
B. 179,3 ml.
C. 70,0 ml.
D. 130,0 ml.
Cu 8: Thm 150 ml dung dich KOH 2M vao 120 ml dung dich H3PO4 1M. Khi
lng cac mui thu c trong dung dich la: