Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

NGHIN CU CH TO VT LIU COMPOSITE TRN C S NHA POLYESTER KHNG NO GIA CNG NANOCLAY V SI THY TINH
INVESTIGATION ON PROCESSING NANOCLAY/GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED UNSATURATED POLYESTER COMPOSITES SVTH: Nguyn Minh Hong
Lp 05H4, Khoa Ha, Trng i hc Bch khoa

GVHD: TS. on Th Thu Loan

Khoa Ha, Trng i hc Bch khoa
TM TT Nanocomposite trn c s nha polyester khng no (UPE) v nanoclay vi cc hm lng 1%; 2%; 3% khi lng (kl) nanoclay c ch to bng phng php khun. Bng cc phng php nhiu x tia X (XRD), o tnh cht c l xc nh c hm lng nanoclay ti u l 2%kl. Nanocomposite vi hm lng nanoclay ti u tng 15,27% bn ko v 17,01% bn un so vi mu nha UPE. S c mt nanoclay ci thin ng k bn mi trng (nc my, nc bin, NaOH, HCl) ca vt liu composite t nha UPE v si thy tinh. ABSTRACT Nanocomposites based on unsaturated polyester (UPE) and nanoclay (1; 2; 3 wt%) were prepared by casting method. By X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical testing, the optimal content of nanoclay in UPE nanocomposite determined is 2wt%. UPE nanocomposite with optimal content of nanoclay improved 15,27% tensile strength and 17,01% flexural strength comparing to pure UPE sample. Chemical resistance (seawater, seawater, acid HCl, NaOH) of glass fiber reinforced UPE composite significantly improved while adding 2 wt% nanoclay.

1. t vn Nc ta c ngun nguyn liu nanoclay kh phong ph, ti Nha M (BnhThun), Duy Linh (Lm ng)nn nhiu cng ty khai thc bentonit sn xut nanoclay di dng thng phm vi gi r hn nhiu so vi cc loi vt liu gia cng c kch thc nano khc v cc ngun nguyn liu nano ngoi nhp. Tuy nhin, cc nghin cu lin quan ti vt liu nanocomposite trn c s nanoclay Vit Nam ta cn rt t. Chnh v vy, vic nghin cu ch to vt liu nanoclay composite v kho st s nh hng ca nanoclay n cc tnh cht ca composite nn nha UPE gia cng si thy tinh l rt cn thit. 2. Thc nghim 2.1. Nguyn liu Nha Polyester khng no s dng loi 2117 sn xut Singapor. Si thy tinh dng mat 300 g/m2 do Trung Quc sn xut. Nanoclay c sn xut ti Vit Nam bi cng ty TNHH Minh H, l loi bentonite dng bt, c t s SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3) dao ng t 4,36 5,54, c bin tnh bng silan.. Cht xc tc ng rn Methyl ethyl keton peroxide (MEKP), cht chng dnh khun, NaOH (10%), HCl (10%), nc bin v nc ct.

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2.2. Phng php kho st cc tnh cht 2.1.1. Nanocomposite trn c s nha UPE v nanoclay a. Kho st nh hng ca thi gian siu m n s phn tn nanoclay trong nha UPE Phn tn nanoclay (2% kl) trong nha UPE vi cc khong thi gian: 0,5h; 1h; 1,5h bng my siu m UTRASONIC PROCESSOR 750 WATT MODEL. Sau , ln lt quan st v chp nh di knh hin vi quang hc OLYMPUS phng i 1000 ln ti Phng th nghim Vi Sinh, i hc Bch Khoa Nng. b. Kho st s phn tn nanoclay trong nha UPE bng phng php nhiu x tia X (XRD) ng nht siu m hn hp nha v nanoclay (1% kl; 2% kl; 3% kl) thi gian ti u ri to mu vi kch thc 100 100 2 (mm3) v cho ng rn trong 72h nhit phng, em i sy 700C trong 3h ng rn hon ton. Sau o XRD ti Phng th nghim trng im Polymer Composite, i hc Bch Khoa T.P H Ch Minh. c. Kho st tnh cht c l ca nanocomposite ng nht siu m hn hp nha v nanoclay (1% kl; 2% kl; 3% kl). Sau to mu vi khun c kch thc ( 200 200 4 ) mm3, cho mu ng rn trong 72h nhit phng v sy 700C trong 3h ng rn hon ton. Cc mu c o c l: o bn ko theo tiu chun ISO 3268, o bn un theo tiu chun ISO 178-1975 bng my UH500 KNI SHIMADZU ti Phng th nghim Sc Bn Vt Liu, trng i hc Bch Khoa Nng. 2.1.2. Kho st cc tnh cht ca composite trn c s nha UPE gia cng bng si thy tinh v nanoclay a. Gia cng mu composite Mu nanocomposite UPE v nanoclay: Lm sch b mt khun, ph lp chng dnh ln khun. Si thy tinh c ct theo hnh dng khun v c sy 105 0C trong t pht. Cn khi lng nha v si theo t l nha/si l 60/40 1 . Cn khi lng nanoclay theo gi tr nanoclay ti u v chun b cht xc tc ng rn vi hm lng ti u kho st trn. Gia cng mu composite trn c s nha UPE gia cng bng si thy tinh: Sau khi chun b nha xong th tin hnh trn cht xc tc ng rn vo nha. Tin hnh p ln lt tng lp si v ln nha tht k vo mi lp nha thm t u si v trnh s to thnh bt kh. Sau khi ln xong, cho mu ng rn trong 72h nhit phng v sau sy 70 0C trong 3h. Mu composite trn c s nha UPE gia cng bng si thy tinh v nanoclay: ng nht siu m hn hp gm nha UPE v nanoclay vi hm lng v thi gian ti u kho st. Qa trnh gia cng tin hnh tng t nh gia cng mu composite trn c s nha UPE gia cng bng si thy tinh. b. Kho st bn ca mu trong cc mi trng Cc mu c ngm trong mi trng: nc my, nc bin, NaOH (10%), HCl
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(10%) trong thi gian l 30 ngy nhit phng. Sau tin hnh o: bn ko theo tiu chun ISO 3268, bn un theo tiu chun ISO 178-1975 ca cc mu composite trc v sau khi ngm. 3. Kt qu v tho lun 3.1. Nanocomposite trn c s nha UPE v nanoclay 3.1.1. nh hng ca thi gian siu m n s phn tn nanoclay trong nha UPE Hn hp UPE v nanoclay sau khi ng nht siu m c quan st di knh hin vi thu c kt qu nh sau (hnh 3.1):

(a) (b) (c) Hnh 3.1. nh chp di knh hin vi quang hc (1000x) ca hn hp UPE v 2% nanoclay sau khi phn tn bng sng siu m vi thi gian: 0,5h (a); 1h (b); 1,5h (c).

Da vo cc hnh 3.1a, b, c cho thy rng thi gian siu m ti u l 1h. Khi siu m trong thi gian 0,5h th cc mch phn t nha UPE mi ch xen ln gia cc lp nanoclay, cc kt t vn cn nhiu. Khi siu trong thi gian 1h th dng nh khng cn cc kt t na do a s cc lp nanoclay c tch lp, cc mch i phn t ca nha UPE chn vo gia cc lp nanoclay. Tuy nhin, nu tip tc tng thi gian siu m th s phn tn nanoclay vo trong nha cng khng c ci thin hn na (hnh 3.1c). 3.1.2. Ph nhiu x tia X ca nanocomposite UPE/clay Kt qu XRD ca cc mu tng ng vi 1%; 2%; 3%kl nanoclay sau khi ng nht siu m vi nha UPE v mu bt nanoclay c th hin hnh 3.2.

Hnh 3.2. Ph nhiu x tia X ca bt nanoclay (a); nanocomposite UPE v nanoclay vi cc gi tr hm lng l: 3% (b); 2% (c); 1% kl (d).

Trn ph nhiu x tia X ca clay xut hin peak vi khong cch c bn d 1,9 nm 2 = 4,20, sau khi phn tn trong nha UPE bng phng php ng nht siu m th peak ny khng cn na. iu ny cho thy s phn tn t c hiu qu chn tch
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ca nha UPE trong clay to ra nanocomposite dng cu trc phn lp hon ton. 3.1.3. Tnh cht c l ca nanocomposite UPE/clay bn ko, bn un ca nanocomposite UPE/clay cc gi tr 1%; 2%; 3% kl nanoclay c th hin hnh 3.3. 90
80 Da vo hnh 3.3 cho thy rng, hm 70 60 bn lng nanoclay ti u l 2% kl v 50 ko 40 bn nanocomposite 2% kl nanoclay th tng 30 un 20 15,27% bn ko v 17,01% bn un so 1 0 0 vi mu nha UPE . iu ny c gii 0 1 2 3 4 thch l do gi tr 1% kl; 2% kl nanoclay Hm lng nanoclay (%) th s chn v tch lp tt ca nanoclay vo Hnh 3.3. nh hng ca hm lng nanoclay n bn ko v bn un trong nha nn nhng vi 1% kl nanoclay th cha nhiu lm tng cao c tnh cho vt liu, nn vi 2% kl nanoclay th va m bo s phn tn tt va m bo tng bn. Mu nanocomposite vi 3% kl nanoclay th nht tng cao trong qu trnh siu m v bt kh hnh thnh nhiu trong sn phm nanocomposite nn bn ca vt liu gim xung.

3.2.

Composite trn c s nha UPE gia cng bng nanoclay v si thy tinh

3.2.1. Tnh cht c l bn ko, bn un ca composite UPE/si thy tinh v composite UPE + nanoclay/si thy tinh c th hn hnh 3.4. Da vo hnh 3.4 c th thy rng composite UPE + nanoclay/si thy tinh c bn ko tng 14,98%, bn un tng 16,13% so vi composite UPE/si thy tinh, chng t s c mt ca nanoclay ci thin nh bn c l ca composite UPE/si thy tinh. 3.2.2. bn mi trng bn ko, bn un ca composite UPE/si thy tinh v composite UPE + nanoclay/si thy tinh c th hin hnh 3.5.
140

bn (MPa)

300

bn (MPa)

250 200 150 100 50 0

UPE/s i th y tinh UPE + clay/s i th y tinh

bn ko bn un

Composite

Hnh 3.4. bn ko, bn un ca composite UPE/si thy tinh v composite UPE+nanoclay/si thy tinh

bn ko (MPa)

300

120 100 80 60 40 20 0

bn un (MPa)

250 200 1 50 1 00 50 0 Nhanano claysi Cha Nc Nc NaOH ngm my bin HCl Nha-si

Nha-si

Nhanano claysi Cha ngm Nc my Nc NaOH bin HCl

Mi trng

Mi trng

Hnh 3.5. bn ko, bn un ca composite UPE/si thy tinh v composite UPE + nanoclay/si thy tinh.

Da vo hnh 3.5 c th thy rng bn ca vt liu composite gim dn trong cc mi trng: nc my, nc bin, HCl, NaOH. S c mt ca nanoclay trong cu trc
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composite lm tng ng k bn mu trong cc mi trng. Bi v cc lp clay ng vai tr l cc tm chn s thm nhp ca cc thnh phn thp phn t trong mi trng v do s tng tc tt ca b mt cc lp clay vi mch phn t nha nn nn lm tng bn cho vt liu. 4. Kt lun ch to c vt liu nanocomposite trn c s nha UPE gia cng bng si thy tinh bng phng php ng nht siu m. Vi 2% kl nanoclay so vi nha th vt liu nanoccomposite to thnh c tnh cht c l ti u. S c mt ca nanoclay trong cu trc lm tng bn mi trng cho vt liu composite. 5. Kin ngh Nu c iu kin v thi gian hn na, em s kho st thm mt s vn : Nghin cu ch to vt liu composite phc hp trn c s nha polyester khng no v epoxy gia cng bng nanoclay v si thu tinh. Kho st phng php khuy c hc phn tn nanclay trong nha polyester khng no. Kho st hm lng ph gia chng bt kh ti u cho nanocomposite. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Nguyn Th Hng (2009), nh gi bn ca vt liu composite trn c s nha Polyester khng no gia cng bng si thy tinh trong mi trng nc bin, i hc Bch Khoa Nng, tr. 38-40.

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