Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang

AI CNG HOA HOC HU C.

Phn 1:KIN THC C BAN CN NH. I. Hp cht hu c va hoa hoc hu c. 1. Khai nim hp cht hu c va hoa hoc hu c: Hp cht hu c la hp cht cua cacbon ( tr CO2, CO, mui cacbonat, xianua, cacbua...). Hoa hoc hu c la nhanh Hoa hoc chUyn nghin cu cac hp cht hu c. 2. Phn loai hp cht hu c. Hp cht hu c c chia thanh hidrcacbon va dn xut hidrcacbon. a. Hidrcacbon la loai hp cht hu c H n gian nht, trong thanh phn phn t chi cha hai nguyn t la cacbon va hidro. H C H * Hidrocacbon mach h: H - Hidrocacbon no : Ankan CH4 - Hidrocacbon khng no co mt ni i :Anken C2H4 - Hidrcacbon khng no co hai ni i : Ankadien * Hidrocacbon mach vong : - Hidrocacbon no : xicloankan - Hidrocacbon mach vong : Aren b. Dn xut cua hidrocacbon la nhng hp cht ma trong phn t ngoai C, H ra con co mt s hay nhiu nguyn t khac nh O, N, S, halogen... * Dn xut halogen : R X ( R la gc hidrocacbon) * Hp cht cha nhom chc: - OH - : ancol; - O - : ete; - COOH: axit...... II. Phn tich nguyn t: xac inh cng thc phn t hp cht hu c ngi ta phai xac nh : -Thanh phn inh tinh nguyn t. -Thanh phn inh lng nguyn t. -Xac inh khi lng phn t. 1. Phn tich inh tinh nguyn t. - Phn tich inh tinh nguyn t xac inh thanh phn cac nguyn t hoa hoc cha trong mt cht. - Mun xac inh thanh phn cac nguyn t , ngi ta chuyn cac nguyn t trong hp cht hu c thanh cac hp cht v c n gian ri nhn ra cac san phm o. a. Xac inh cacbon va hidro. - Nhn Cacbon: t chay hp cht hu c: C + O CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 2 - Nhn Hidro: t chay hp cht hu c: 2H +OH 2 O +CuSO 4 khan CuSO 4 .5H 2 O ( mau xanh lam) 2 Hoc co th dung cht hut nc manh nh : H2SO4 , CaCl2 khan, P2O5. b. Xac inh nit va oxi. - Nhn N: t chay hp cht hu c, nu co mui khet thi hp cht o co nit. Hoc un hp cht hu c vi H2SO4 c ( NaOH c) co mui khai NH3 thi hp cht o co cha nit. to CxHyOzNt +HSO , (NH4)2SO4+...... 2 4 (NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH to Na2SO4 + H2O + NH3 -Nhn O : Kho phn tich inh tinh trc tip, thng xac inh nh inh lng: mO = m hp cht tng khi lng cac nguyn t c.Xac inh halogen.
CH2 CH CH 2 CH CH2 2 CH

T Ha Hc

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Khi t chay hp cht hu c cha clo bi phn huy, clo tach ra dung HCl, ta dung dung dich AgNO3 HCl + AgNO3 AgCl + HNO3 2. Phn tich inh lng cac nguyn t: - Phn tich inh lng cac nguyn t xac inh khi lng cua mi nguyn t hoa hoc cha trong hp cht hu c. - Mun inh lng nguyn t, ngi ta chuyn cac nguyn t trong hp cht hu c thanh cac hp cht v c n gian, inh lng chung, t o suy ra khi lng tng nguyn t co trong mt cht. a. inh lng cacbon va hidro. VD: t chay cht hu c A thu c CO2 va H2O va N2 mC (A) = mC(CO2) = 12.nCO2 mH(A) = mH(H2O) = 2.n H2O b. inh lng nit: mN(A) = 28n N2 c. inh lng oxi: mO = m (A) ( mC + mH + mN ). * Chu y : - Dung H2SO4 c, P2O5, CaCl2 khan hp thu H2O. - Dung NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH) 2 hp thu CO2, tng khi lng cua binh hay khi lng kt tua CaCO3 giup ta tinh c CO2 - Chi dung CaO, Ca(OH) 2, NaOH hp thu san phm gm CO 2 va H2O thi khi lng binh tng chinh la tng khi lng CO2 va H2O. Vd1: Cho khi CO2 vao dung dich Ca(OH)2 (d) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 (d) CaCO3 + H2O Vd2: Thi khi CO2 vao dung dich Ca(OH)2 c kt tua, em dung dich nung c kt tua na. Phan ng xay ra : 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 (1 ) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (2) Mui Ca(HCO3)2 tan trong nc phn huy khi un nong. Ca(HCO3)2 to CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O 3. Thanh phn nguyn t: %C =
mC mH .100 ; %H = .100 mA mA

; %N =

mN .100 ..... mA

III. Cng thc cht hu c. 1. Cng thc phn t : - Cho bit s nguyn t cac nguyn t trong phn t cht hu c. VD1: Cht hu c (X) gm C, H, O, N Vy: Cht hu c (X) co cng thc phn t : CxHyOzNt VD2: t chay cht hu c (A) thu c CO2 va H2O. Giai thich: Do A chay cho CO2 va H2O (A) cha C, H (co th co oxi). Vy cng thc phn t cua A CxHyOz 2. Cng thc nguyn hay cng thc thc nghim: - Cho bit ti l s lng nguyn t cua cac nguyn t trong hp cht hu c. VD: Cng thc phn t CxHyOz x : y : z = a : b : c Cng thc nguyn (CaHbOc)n Vi : n co th la 1, 2, 3.... 3. Cng thc n gian nht: - Cho bit ti l ti gian nht co th noi trung vi n = 1 IV. Khi lng phn t: bai cho Cach tinh M m 1. Khi lng (m) s mol cua mt cht; M=
n
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang

m T R 22, 4 m 2. Khi lng (m) cua mt th tich (V) nhit pV = nRT M = pV hoc M = va ap sut xac inh V 3. VA = k VB (o cung iu kin nhit , ap VA =k VB nA = knB ( nu th tich = nhau sut) thi s mol bng nhau)

4. Ti khi hi cua khi A so vi khi B ( dA/B) 5. ha nhit ng c hay tng nhit si khi hoa tan 1 mol cht A trong 1000 gam dung mi.

mA mB =k MA MB M A dA/B = MA = dA/B.MB M B

Suy ra :

Ap dung inh lut Raun

t = k

m ; t = ts (dd) ts (dm); k la ha M

nhit si khi hoa tan 1 mol cht A trong 1000 gam dung mi. IV. Lp cng thc phn t: 1. Lp trc tip: a. Theo cng thc : VD: Cht hu c (A) chay thu c CO2, H2O, N2 *Cach lp: - D oan cng thc da vao san phm CO2, H2O, N2 - Tinh cac gia tri: Khi lng cht hu c (A) la m(A), khi lng phn t M. Khi lng cacbon : mC Khi lng hidro : mH ; tng t tinh khi lng nit, oxi . t cng thc phn t CxHyOzNt
12x y 16z 14t MA = = = = suy ra tng gia tri : x, y, z, t. mC mH mO mN mA 12x y 16 14t MA = = = = Chu y: Khi cho % cac nguyn t ap dung : suy ra : x, y, z, t %C %H %O %N 100

- Ap dung cng thc :

b. Theo phan ng : VD: Cht hu c (X) chay thu c CO2 va H2O * Cach lp: - Tinh mol cac ai lng : mol cht A, mol CO2; H2O; O2. - t vao phng trinh lp ti l. - Vit phan ng chay: CxHyOz + (x +
y z ) O2 4 2

xCO2

y H2O 2

molA molO2 molCO2 molH2O Hoc: t th tich o cung iu kin 1 x molCO 2 = x= Ta co ti l : ; tng t tinh y, z... molA molCO 2 molA Chu y: Nu bai cho th tich cac khi o cung iu kin ta cung tinh tng t nh mol. Nu bai khng cho mol O2 ma cho M thi ta tinh z ( s nguyn t oxi) da theoM. 2. Gian tip : *Lp cng thc nguyn ( CaHbOcNd)n ; sau o tim n suy ra cng thc phn t. * Cach lp cng thc nguyn. a. Theo cng thc: VD: Cht hu c (A) chay thu c CO2, H2O, N2 *Cach lp cng thc : - D oan cng thc da vao san phm CO2, H2O, N2 - Tinh cac gia tri: Khi lng cht hu c (A) la m(A) Khi lng cacbon : mC
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Khi lng hidro : mH ; tng t tinh khi lng nit, oxi . t cng thc phn t CxHyOzNt - Ap dung cng thc. x : y : z : t = Nu x : y : z : t = a: b : c : d cng thc nguyn (CaHbOcNd)n Ta co cng thc n gian : CaHbOcNd. Chu y: Khi cho % cac nguyn t ap dung :x : y : z : t =
%C %H %O %N : : : 12 1 16 14

mC mH mO mN : : : 12 1 16 14

b. Theo phng trinh phan ng : da vao phan ng lp ti l. c. Lp cng thc phn t t cng thc nguyn: * T cng thc nguyn (CaHbOcNd)n * Tim n da vao : - cho hng s M = Q ta co : (12a + 1b + 16c + 14d )n = M suy ra n = Nu n = . Vy cng thc phn t la: Ca Hb Oc Nd - cho M < hng s (VD : M < L) Ta tinh n <
M Q = (1 2a +1b +16c +14d) (12a +1b +16c +14d)

M L < (12a +1b +16c +14d) (12a +1b +16c +14d)

- cho s lng mt nguyn t cua mt nguyn t. ( VD: trong phn t co 1 nguyn t oxi). -Nu chi co cng thc nguyn. VD: (C2H5)n . Ta tinh ; Cho 0 ( hay s H 2C +2) Ap dung: Bai 1: t chay hoan toan 1,8 gam cht hu c A thu c 1,344 lit CO2 ktc va 1,08 gam H2O. Tim cng thc phn t trong cac trng hp sau: a. Ti khi cua A so vi oxi la 5,625. b. Trong phn t A co 3 nguyn t oxi. c. Khi lng phn t A < 62. Giai : a. Cho ti khi M = MO2. 5,625 = 32. 5,625 = 180 vC Nhn xet khi co M ta giai c theo cac cach sau Cach 1: Trc tip. Kiu 1: Theo phan ng chay: -Tinh mol cac cht : n n H2O =
1,08 = 0,06 mol 18
A

1,8 = 0,01mol ; n 180

CO2

1,344 = 0,06 mol 22,4

- t cng thc va vit phng trinh chay: - t mol vao ; lp ti l. CxHyOz ( san phm gm CO2 va H2O) CxHyOz + ( x + 0,01 mol
y z ) O2 4 2

xCO2 0,06 mol

y H2O 2

0,06 mol

y 1 x Ta co ti l 0,01 = 0,06 x = 6 ; 1 = 2 y =12 0,01 0,06

Ta a tim c x = 6; y = 12 con gia tri z ma bai khng cho gia tri cua oxi. Mun tim z ta da vao M Ta co M = 180 = 12x + 1.y + 16,z 12(6) + 1(12) + 16z = 180 z = 6. Vy Cng thc phn t A la C6H12O6
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Kiu 2: Da vao cng thc - Tinh khi lng cac nguyn t: mC = nCO2.12 = 22,4 = 0,06 mol .12 = 0,72 gam mH = n H2O .2 =
1,08 = 0,06 mol .2 = 0,12 gam. 18
1,344

mO = 1,8 ( 0,72 + 0,12) = 0,96 gam - t cng thc CxHyOz : - Ap dung cng thc :
12x y 16 MA = = = mC mH mO mA
180 .0,72 =6 . 1,8.12 M A.m H 180 .0,12 = =12 . y = mA. 1,8 M A.m O 180 .0,96 z = mA.16 = 1,8.16 =16 M A.mC

x = mA12

Vy : Cng thc phn t la: C6H12O6 Cach 2: Lp cng thc nguyn - Tinh khi lng cac nguyn t: mC = nCO2.12 = 22,4 = 0,06 mol .12 = 0,72 gam mH = n H2O .2 =
1,08 = 0,06 mol .2 = 0,12 gam. 18
1,344

mO = 1,8 ( 0,72 + 0,12) = 0,96 gam - t cng thc CxHyOz : Ta co x : y : z =

mC mH mO 0,72 0,12 0,96 : : = = = 12 1 16 12 1 16

= 0,06 : 0,12: 0,06 x : y : z = 1:2:1 Cng thc n gian la CH2O Cng thc nguyn la (CH2O)n - Tim n da vao M , ta co M = 180 ( 12 + 2 + 16 ).n = 180

n=

180 = 6 . Vy : Cng thc phn t la: C6H12O6 30

b. Cho bit s nguyn t cua mt nguyn t: Theo bai s nguyn t cua cua oxi la 3. Cach giai : Ta tim cng thc nguyn. Lp cng thc nguyn - Tinh khi lng cac nguyn t: mC = 12.nCO2 = 22,4 = 0,06 mol .12 = 0,72 gam mH = 2.nH2O =
1,08 = 0,06 mol .2 = 0,12 gam. 18
1,344

mO = 1,8 ( 0,72 + 0,12) = 0,96 gam - t cng thc CxHyOz : Ta co x : y : z =

mC mH mO 0,72 0,12 0,96 : : = = = 12 1 16 12 1 16

= 0,06 : 0,12: 0,06 x : y : z = 1:2:1 Cng thc n gian la CH2O Cng thc nguyn la (CH2O)n Li lun : Do trong phn t A co 3 nguyn t oxi Nn n = 3 Cng thc phn t la: C3H6O3. c. Cho bit M < hng s.
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Theo bai M < 62. Cach giai : Ta tim cng thc nguyn. Lp cng thc nguyn - Tinh khi lng cac nguyn t: mC = 12.nCO2 = 22,4 = 0,06 mol .12 = 0,72 gam mH = 2.nH2O =
1,08 = 0,06 mol .2 = 0,12 gam. 18
1,344

mO = 1,8 ( 0,72 + 0,12) = 0,96 gam - t cng thc CxHyOz : Ta co x : y : z =

mC mH mO 0,72 0,12 0,96 : : = = = 12 1 16 12 1 16

= 0,06 : 0,12: 0,06 x : y : z = 1:2:1 Cng thc n gian la CH2O Cng thc nguyn la (CH2O)n Li lun : Do M < 62 Ta co : (12+2+16).n < 62 30n < 62

n<
Co 2 trng hp:

TH1: n = 1 Cng thc phn t la : CH2O. TH2 : n = 2 Cng thc phn t la: C2H4O2. Bai 2: t chay 2 lit cht hu c X cn 9,5 lit O2 , ta thu c 6 lit CO2 ; 7 lit H2O va 1 lit N2. (Cac khi o cung iu kin nhit ap sut).Tim cng thc phn t X. Giai: Nhn xet bai cho th tich o cung iu kin, ta dung phng phap : -t cng thc : CxHyOzNt ( Vi san phm chay gm CO2, H2O, N2) -Vit phan ng chay. -t th tich vao, lp ti l. Phan ng chay : CxHyOzNt + ( x + 2 lit
y z ) O2 xCO2 4 2

62 = 2,066 ... 30

y H2O 2

t N2 2

9,5 lit 6 lit 7 lit 1 lit y z y t (x + ) 1 x 1 Ta co = x = 3 ; 1 = 2 y = 7 ; 1 = 2 t = 1 ; = 4 2 z =0 2 6 2 9,5 2 7 2 1 Vy: Cng thc phn t la : C3H7N 3. Giai bin lun: a. Hidrocacbon : CxHy k
x, y nguyn, duong y 2x + 2

VD : hidrcacbon (A) co M = 30 . tim cng thc phn t. Giai : ta co 12x +y = 30 suy ra : x = 2 , y = 6. Cng thc phn t la C2H6 b. Hp cht cha C, H,O: VD: Cht hu c (X) gm C, H, O co M = 60. tim cng thc phn t cua (X) Giai : t CxHyOz ta co 12x + y + 16z = 60. TH1 : z = 1 suy ra : 12x + y = 60 16 = 44 x = 3; y = 8 . Cng thc phn t la : C3H8O TH2 : z = 2 suy ra : 12x + y = 60 16.2 = 28 x = 2 ; y = 4 . Cng thc phn t la : C2H4O2 V. Cu truc phn t hp cht hu c. 1. Thuyt cu tao hoa hoc. a. Ni dung cua thuyt cu tao hoa hoc. Thuyt cu tao hoa hoc gm nhng lun im chinh sau:
T Ha Hc 6

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang - Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cac nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo ung hoa tri va theo mt th t nht inh. Th t lin kt o c goi la cu tao hoa hoc. S thay i th t lin kt o, tc la thay i cu tao hoa hoc, se tao ra hp cht khac. - Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cacbon co hoa tri IV. Nguyn t cacbon khng nhng co lin kt vi nguyn t khac ma con lin kt vi nhau thanh mach cacbon. - Tinh cht cua cac cht phu thuc vao thanh phn phn t ( ban cht, s lng cac nguyn t) va cu tao hoa hoc ( th t lin kt cac nguyn t). VD: CH4 la cht khi d chay; CCl4 la cht long khng chay CH3CH2OH cht long tac dung vi Na; CH3OCH3 khng tac dung vi Na. b. Hin tng ng ng, ng phn. - ng ng: Nhng hp cht co thanh phn phn t hn kem nhau mt hay nhiu nhom CH2 nhng co tinh cht hoa hoc tng t nhau la nhng ng ng, chung hp thanh day ng ng. - ng phn :Nhng hp cht khac nhau co cung cng thc phn t la nhng cht ng phn. 2. Lin kt trong phn t hp cht hu c. a. Cac loai lin kt trong phn t hp cht hu c. - Lin kt n : ( - ) lin kt . - Lin kt i : ( =) gm 1 lin kt va . - Lin kt ba : ( ) gm 1 lin kt va 2 . * Chu y: - Lin kt n ( -) khng c lin kt ( = 0). - Lin kt i (=)cn co 1 lin kt ( = 1). - Lin kt ba ( ) cn co 2 lin kt ( = 2) - Ngoai ra khi tao 1 lin kt hoc tao 1 vong hay chi khi ( = 1) b. Tinh : (S lin kt va vong). - Tng quat : =

ci ( xi - 2) + 2
2

Vi xi : hoa tri cua nguyn t i

2x + 2 - y 2

ci: S nguyn t cua nguyn t i - Hidrocacbon : CxHy hoc CxHyOz : = K : x, y nguyn dng; y 2x + 2 - Hp cht CxHyNt hoc CxHyOzNt : =

2x + 2 + t - y Vi nit hoa tri 3 2

K : x, y, z, t nguyn dng; y 2x + 2 + t; y chn khi t chn, y le khi t le. * Ap dung : Tinh 1. C6H6 2. C6H6O 3. C3H5Br3 4. C4H9ClO2 5. C3H7N 6. C4H7NO2 c. Cac loai ng phn cu tao: Cng thc cu tao biu din th t lin kt cua cac nguyn t trong phn t. 3. ng phn cu tao. a. Khai nim v ng phn cu tao. Nhng cht co cung cng thc phn t nhng cu tao hoa hoc khac nhau goi la nhng ng phn cu tao. b. Phn loai ng phn cu tao. - Nhng ng phn khac nhau v ban cht nhom chc goi la ng phn nhom chc VD: CH3- CH2 OH va CH3 O CH3 - Nhng ng phn khac nhau v s phn nhanh mach cacbon goi la ng phn mach CH3 CH CH2 CH3 cacbon3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH CH3 VD: ; - Nhng ng phn khac nhau v vi tri nhom chc goi la ng phn nhom chc.
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang VD: CH3 CH = CH CH3 ; CH2 = CH CH2- CH3. 4. Cach biu din cu truc khng gian phn t hp cht hu c a. Cng thc phi canh: Cng thc phi canh la mt loai cng thc lp th. b. M hinh phn t biu din la m rng hay m hinh c. 5. ng phn lp th. a. Khai nim v ng phn lp th. ng phn lp th la nhng ng phn co cu tao hoa hoc nh nhau ( cung cng thc cu tao ) nhng tinh cht khac nhau v s phn b khng gian cua cac nguyn t trong phn t ( tc khac nhau v cu truc khng gian phn t) ng phn ( cung cng thc phn t) ng phn cu tao Cng thc cu tao khac nhau Tinh cht khac nhau VI. Mt s phan ng hu c. 1. Phan ng th: a VD: H3C H + Cl2 s H3C Cl + HCl 2. Phan ng cng: t CH2 = CH2 + xt,o H2 CH3 CH3 3. Phan ng trung hp : t nCH2 = CH2 xt,o - ( CH2 CH2 -)n ng phn lp th Cng thc cu tao ging nhau Cu truc khng gian khac nhau Tinh cht khac nhau

Phn 2: Bai tp
Vn 1: inh lng cac nguyn t.
Bai 1: t chay hoan toan 0,44g cht hu c cha (C, H) thu c 672 ml CO2 ktc. Tinh phn trm khi lng cac nguyn t? S: 81,82% va 18,18% Bai 2: t chay hoan toan 3,5 gam cht hu c A thu c 5,6 lit CO2 ktc va 4,5 gam H2O. Xac inh % khi lng cac nguyn t trong hp cht A? S : 85,7% va 14,3%. Bai 3: t chay hoan toan 0,9 gam cht hu c A thu c 1,32 gam CO2 va 0,54 gam H2O.Tinh % khi lng cac nguyn t trong hp cht A? S : 40%, 6,67% va 53,33%. Bai 4: Oxi hoa hoan toan 0,6 gam cht hu c X, tao bi 3 nguyn t C, H, O san phm thu c dn qua binh I cha H2SO4 c va sau o qua binh II cha KOH c thy khi lng binh I tng 0,36 gam va binh II tng 0,88 gam. a. Noi ro vai tro cua H2SO4 c va KOH trong cac thi nghim. b. Co th thay th H2SO4 va KOH bng nhng cht nao? c. Xac inh % khi lng cac nguyn t trong hp cht X. S : 40%; 6,67%; 53,33% Bai 5: t chay hoan toan mt lng hidrocacbon A san phm chay c dn vao mt binh cha nc vi trong d. Ngi ta thy co 3 gam kt tua va khi lng binh cha tng 1,68 gam. Xac inh % khi lng cac nguyn t trong A. S : 90%; 10% Bai 6: Ngi ta dung ung 3,2 gam oxi t chay hoan toan cht hu c A chi thu c 3,3 gam CO2 va 0,9 gam H2O. Tinh % cac nguyn t trong hp cht A. S : 90%; 10% Bi 7: Oxi ha hon ton 2,46 gam cht hu c thu c 1,59g x a; 1,62g H2O v 2,016 lt CO2 ktc. Tnh thnh phn % cc nguyn t. S : 51,22%; 7,32%; 28,05%; 13,41% Bi 8: t chy hon ton 3,915 gam cht hu c A thu c 3,3 gam CO2; 1,08g H2O v 1,59 gam Na2CO3. Mt khc khi phn tch 2,61g cht hu c A c mt AgNO3 thu c 2,87g AgCl. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht. S: 27,59%; 3,07%; 17,62%; 27,2%; 24,52%. Bi 9: Oxi ha han ton 1,2 gam cht hu c thu c 1,44 gam H2O. Kh CO2 sinh ra cho qua 2,5 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M thy c 4 gam kt ta, dung dch cn li em un nng li thy c kt ta na. Tnh thnh phn % cc nguyn t. S: 60%; 13,33%; 26,67%

T Ha Hc

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Bi 10 : t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c A (C, H, S) thu c 15,68 lt kh sunfur (ktc); 61,6g kh cacbonic v 2,1 mol nc. Xc nh % cc nguyn t trong A. S : 38,7% C; 9,7% H; 51,6% S Vn 2: XAC INH KHI LNG PHN T Bi 1: Xc nh khi lng phn t ca cc cht kh trong cc trng hp : a. T khi ca kh A i vi hydro bng 22. b. T khi hi ca C i vi khng kh bng 1,528. S : 44vC; 44,312vC Bi 2: Xc nh khi lng phn t ca cc kh trong cc trng hp sau: a. 224ml kh A ktc nng 0,28g. b. Khi ha hi 8g kh B thu c bng th tch 3,2 gam kh oxi o cng iu kin nhit v p sut. c. Mt lng kh G chim th tch bng
2 th tch ca cng mt lng kh nit (o cng iu 5

kin).S: 28vC; 80vC;70vC Bi 3: Mt hn hp gm kh A v kh hydro trong A chim 25% th tch. Tm khi lng phn t ca A. Bit t khi hi ca hn hp i vi metan bng 0,5. Bi 4: Tm khi lng phn t ca A v kh B. Bit t khi ca A i vi B bng 2 v hn hp gm 1,68gA v 1,12g B chim th tch bng 1,568 lt ktc. S: 28 vC; 56vC. Vn 3: XAC INH CNG THC PHN T Bi 1: Xc nh cng thc phn t cho mi cht trong cc trng hp sau : a. 85,8%C; 14,2%H M = 56. b. 51,3%C; 9,4%H; 12%N; 27,3%O. T khi hi i vi khng kh l 4,034. c. 54,5%C; 9,1%H; 36,4%O; 0,88g hi chim th tch 224ml ktc . S: C4H8; C5H11O2N; C4H8O2. Bi 2: Phn tch cht hu c A cha C,H,O ta c kt qu sau: mC : mH : mO = 2,25 : 0,375 : 2. a. Lp cng thc nguyn ca A. b. Tm cng thc phn t, bit rng 1 gam a lm bay hi chim th tch 1,2108 lt o 0 oC v 0,25 atm. S: C3H6O2 Bi 3: Khi t chy hon ton 0,295g hp cht A sinh ra 0,44g CO2 v 0,22g H2O v 55,8ml nit ktc. T khi ca A i vi khng kh 2,03. Lp cng thc phn t A. S : C2H5ON. Bi 4: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt hydrocacbon bng lng oxi va . Sau phn ng thu c 17,92 lt hn hp kh 273oC v 3 atm. T khi hi ca hn hp i vi H2 bng 53/3. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht hu c. S: C4H4 Bi 5: Trn 200ml hi hp cht hu c A ( C, H, O) vi 1000ml oxi ly d ri t. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh c th tch 1600ml, cho hi nc ngng t hn hp kh cn li c th tch bng 800ml v sau khi i qua dung dch NaOH d cn li 200ml. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. S : C3H8O2 Bi 6 : Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c A c khi lng phn t bng 26vC. Bit rng sn phm ca s t chy hp cht l kh cacbonic v nc. S : C2H2 Bi 7 : em 1,36g cht hu c A c cha nit i phn tch bng phng php Kin-Dan. Dn tt c kh NH3 sinh ra vo 25ml dung dch H2SO4 2M. Sau khi phn ng xong, lng axit cn d c trung ha va 20ml NaOH 1,5M. Tnh thnh phn % ca nit trong A. S : 72% N Bi 8 : t 200cm3 hi mt cht hu c cha C, H, O trong 900cm3 oxi. Th tch kh thu c sau phn ng l 1,3 lt sau cho hi nc ngng t cn 700cm3 kh v sau cho li qua dung dch NaOH d ch cn 100cm3 kh. Cc kh o cng iu kin. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. b. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht hu c. S : C3H6O Bi 9 : t chy hon ton 10,4g cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 l Ca(OH)2 d, thy bnh 1 tng 3,6g v bnh 2 c 30g kt ta. a. Tnh thnh phn % cc nguyn t.
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang b. Xc nh cng thc phn t A, bit 0,1mol A c khi lng 10,4g. S : C3H4O4 Bi 10 : t chy hon ton a gam cht hu c A cn dng 6,72 lt O2 (ktc). Sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh ng P2O5 thy bnh tng 3,6g ri qua bnh nc vi trong d thy xut hin 20g kt ta trng. a. Tnh s gam a? b. Lp cng thc thc nghim ri suy ra cng thc phn t ca A, bit t khi ca A i vi nit l 2. S : 2,8g; C4H8 Bi 11 : Phn tch 1,5g cht hu c A thu c 1,76g CO2; 0,9g H2O v 112ml kh nit (0oC v 2 atm). Mt khc nu ha hi 3g cht A thu c 0,896 lt hi A (ktc). Lp cng thc phn t ca A. S : C2H5O2N Bi 12 : Mt cht hu c A cha (C, H, O). t chy hon ton 0,1mol A cn va 0,3mol O2. Hn hp kh sinh ra c th tch 26,88 lt (273oC v 1 atm) v c khi lng 18,6g. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng chy v tnh tng s mol ca hn hp sau phn ng. b. Thit lp cng thc phn t ca A. S : C3H6O3 Bi 13 : t chy hon ton 4,6g mt cht hu c A thu c 3,6g nc. Dn kh CO2 sinh ra vo dung dch nc vi trong th c 8g kt ta, nh tip vo dung dch ny dung dch NaOH d th thu c thm 3,5g kt ta na. Tm cng thc nguyn v cng thc phn t ca A. S : C3H8O3 Bi 14 : Oxi ha hon ton 18g cht hu c cha (C, H, O), sn phm sinh ra ln lt i qua 132g dung dch H2SO4 98% v bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2. Sau th nghim dung dch H2SO4 cn li 90,59%, dung dch Ba(OH)2 to ra 78,8g kt ta v dung dch cn li c nung nng c thm 19,7g kt ta na. a. Tnh % cc nguyn t. b. Tm cng thc phn t ca A, bit 4,5g A khi ha hi c th tch bng th tch ca 1,6g oxi o cng iu kin. S : 40% C; 6,67% H; 53,34% O; C3H6O3 Bi 15: t chy hon ton 3,61g cht hu c X thu c hn hp kh gm CO2, H2O v HCl. Dn hn hp ny qua bnh cha dung dch AgNO3/HNO3 nhit thp thy c 2,87g kt ta v bnh cha tng 2,17g. Cho bit ch c H2O v HCl b hp th. Dn kh thot ra vo 100ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M thu c 15,76g kt ta Y, lc b Y, ly dung dch em si li c kt ta na. a. Tnh khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht. b. Lp cng thc phn t X, bit khi lng phn t ca X < 200. S : C6H9O4Cl Bi 16 :t chy hon ton 10g cht hu c, thu c 33,85g CO 2 v 6,96g H2O. T khi cht hu c so vi khng kh l 2,69. Xc nh cng thc phn t. S : C6H6 Bi 17: Phn tch mt hp cht hu c thy : C 2,1 phn khi lng cacbon li c 2,8 phn khi lng oxi v 0,35 phn khi lng hidro. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t cht hu c, bit rng 1g cht hu c (ktc) chim th tch 373,3cm3. S : C2H4O2 Bi 18 : t chy hon ton 0,9g cht hu c c thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O ngi ta thu c 1,32g CO2 v 0,54g H2O, khi lng phn t cht l 180. Xc nh cng thc phn t. S : C6H12O6 Bi 19: Khi t chy hon ton 0,72g mt hn hp cht hu c ta thu c 1,12 lt CO2 (ktc) v 1,08g H2O. T khi cht hu c so vi H2 l 36. xc nh cng thc phn t cht hu c. S : C5H12 Bi 20: Khi t chy 1 lt hidrocacbon cn 6 lt O2 v sinh ra 4 lt CO2. Xc nh cng thc phn t hidrocacbon. Bit cc kh o cng iu kin. S : C4H8 Bi 21 : t chy 5,6 lt cht hu c th kh, thu c 16,8 lt CO2 v 13,5g hi nc. 1 lt cht hu c c khi lng 1,875g. Tm cng thc phn t (cc kh o ktc). S : C3H6 Bi 22: Khi t 1 lt kh A, cn 5 lt O2, sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi nc. Xc nh cng thc phn t (cc kh o ktc). S : C3H8 Bi 23 : t chy hon ton 0,366g cht hu c A thu c 0,792g CO 2 v 0,234g H2O. Mt khc phn hy 0,549g cht thu c 37,42cm3 Nit (o 27oC v 750mm Hg). Tm cng thc phn t ca A, bit A ch c mt nguyn t Nit. S : C9H13O3N
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Bi 24 : t chy hon ton 100ml hi cht A cn 250ml oxi, to ra 200ml CO2 v 200ml hi nc (cc kh o cng iu kin). Tm cng thc phn t. S : C2H4O Bi 25 : t chy 5,8g cht A thu c 2,65g Na2CO3; 2,25g H2O v 12,1g CO2. Tm cng thc phn t A, bit rng A ch cha 1 nguyn t oxi. S : C6H5ONa Bi 26 : A l mt loi phn m cha46,67% nit ; 6,66% hidro cn li l cacbon v oxi. t chy 1,8g A ta thu c 923ml CO2 27oC v 608mm Hg. Tm cng thc phn t ca A, bit MA < 120. S : CH4ON2 Bi 27 : Hp cht A cha 9,09% hidro v 18,18% Nit, phn cn li l cacbon v oxi. Khi t chy 3,85g A, thu c 2,464 lt CO2 27,3oC v 760mm Hg. Tm cng thc phn tbit khi lng phn t ca A nh hn 78. S : C2H7O2N Bi 28 : Tm cng thc phn t ca cht A c khi lng phn t l 26. Khi t chy A thu c CO2 v H2O. S : C2H2 Bi 29 : Cho 2 hidrocacbon A, B u th kh. A c cng thc C2xHy, B c cng thc CxH2x (tr s x trong 2 cng thc l nh nhau). Lp cng thc phn t A, B. Bit t khi A so vi khng kh l 2. T khi B so vi A l 0,482. Tm cng thc phn t ca A, B. S : C4H10; C2H4 Bi 30 : Cho 4 hp cht hu c A, B, C, D c cng thc tng ng : C xHx, CxH2y, CyH2y, C2xH2y. Tng khi lng phn t ca chng l 286 vC. Tm cng thc phn t ca chng.

S : x = 4; y = 5
Bi 31 : Cht A c cng thc phn t l CxHyOz, c khi lng phn t l 74.Tm cng thc phn t ca cht A. S : C4H10O; C3H6O2; C2H2O3 Bi 32 : A gm C, H, O, N c t l khi lng tng ng l 3:1:4:7 v c khi lng phn t nh hn khi lng phn t ca benzen. Tm cng thc phn t ca A, bit A l loi phn m, cho bit cng thc cu to ca A. S : CH4ON2 Bi 33: A thuc dy ng ng bengen c %H=9.43 theo khi lng. Tm CTPT A(HNT-1998) Bi 34 : Cho hp cht hu c A c thnh phn gm: C; H; O. c %O=43.24 theo khi lng Tm CTPT A trong mi trng hp: a. MA<140u b. khi lng oxi c trong mt mol A< khi lng Nc trong 150 gam NH4NO3 (HNT-1998) Bi 35: Cho hp cht hu c A c cha 3 nguyn t c %O=50 theo khi lng. Tm CTPT CTCT A Bi 36: Cho hp cht hu c A c cha mt loi nhm chc c %O=37.21. A tc dng vi dd AgNO3 d thy 1mol A-4 mol Ag( HTS-1997) Bi 37: A c CTPT: CxHyO2 c %O=29.0909 A tc dng vi NaOH theo t l s mol l: nA:nNaOH=1:2 A tc dng vi Brm theo t l s mol l: nA:nBr2=1:3 Tm CTPT CTCT A (HSPKTHCM-2001) Bi 38: Xc nh cng thc phn t cho mi cht theo cc s liu sau: a) Thnh phn: 85,8% C ; 14,2% H ; M = 56 b) 51,3% C ; 9,4% H; 12,0% N; 27,3% O ; t khi hi so vi khng kh l 4,05 c) 54,5% C ; 9,1% H ; 36,4% O. 0,8gam hi chim th tch 224ml kh iu kin tiu chun. Bi 39: Phn tch mt hp cht hu c thy : c 2,1 phn khi lng C li c 2,8 phn khi lng oxi v 0,35 phn khi lng hiro. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht hu c ni trn bit 1.00gam hi cht iu kin tiu chun chim th tch 373,3 cm3. Bi 40: Tm cng thc phn t cht hu c trong mi trng hp sau: a) t chy hon ton 10 gam hp cht, thu c 33,85 gam CO2 v 6,94 gam H2O. T khi hi ca hp cht so vi khng kh l 2,69. b) t chy 0,282 gam hp cht hu c v cho sn phm sinh ra i vo cc bnh ng CaCl2 khan v KOH, thy bnh CaCl2 tng thm 0,194 gam, bnh KOH tng thm 0,80 gam. Mt khc, t 0,186g cht , thu c 22,4ml kh nt (o ktc). Phn t ch cha mt nguyn t nit.

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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Bi 41: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22g CO2 v 0,09g H2O. Khi xc nh clo trong lng cht bng dung dch AgNO3, ngi ta c 1,435g AgCl.

Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht hu c ni trn, bit t khi hi ca n so vi hir bng 42,50.
Bi 42:t chy hon ton 0,9g mt hp cht hu c c thnh phn gm cc nguyn t C, H, O ngi ta c 1,32g CO2 v 0,54g H2O. Khi lng phn t cht l 180. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht hu c ni trn. Bi 43:t chy hon ton 0,4524g hp cht A sinh ra 0,3318g CO 2 v 0,2714g H2O. un nng 0,3682g cht A vi vi ti xt bin tt c nit trong A thnh amoniac, ri dn kh NH3 vo 20ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. trung ho axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3, cn dng 7,7ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hy: a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm cc nguyn t trong A.

b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A; bit rng khi lng phn t gn ng ca n l 60.

Bi 44:t chy hon ton 10,4g hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh (1) cha H2SO4 m c, bnh (2) cha nc vi trong c d, thy khi lng bnh (1) tng 3,6g; bnh (2) thu c 30g kt ta. Khi ha hi 5,2g A, thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6g oxi cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Bi 45:Khi t 18 gam mt hp cht hu c phi dng 16,8 lt oxi (o ktc) v thu c kh CO 2 v hi nc vi t l th tch l V CO2 : VH2O = 3: 2. T khi hi ca hp cht hu c i vi hiro l 36. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp cht . Bi 46:Khi t 1 lt kh A, cn 5 lt oxi, sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4lt hi nc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A; bit th tch cc kh o cng iu kinv nhit v p sut. Bi 47:Cho 400ml mt hn hp gm nit v mt cht hu c th kh cha cacbon v hiro vo 900ml oxi (d) ri t. Th tch hn hp thu c sau khi t l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho nc ngng t th cn800ml hn hp, ngi ta cho li qua dung dch KOH thy cn 400ml kh. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp cht trn; bit rng cc th tch kh o cng iu kin v nhit v p sut. Bi 48:t chy hon ton 0,01 mol cht X bng mt lng oxi va l 0,616 lt, thu c 1,344 lt hn hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi lm ngng t hi nc, hn hp kh cn li chim th tch 0,56 lt v c t khi so vi hiro bng 20,4. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, bit rng cc th tch kh c o iu kin tiu chun. Bi 49:t chy hon ton 100ml hi cht A cn 250ml oxi, to ra 200ml CO2 v 200ml hi nc (cc th tch kh c o cng iu kin). Tm cng thc phn t ca A. Bi 50:t chy hon ton 1,256g cht hu c A (cha C, H, O,) thu c 2,512g CO2 v 1,028gH2O.t khi hi ca A so vi khng kh bng 3,034. Xc nh CTPT ca A ? Bi 51:t chy hon ton 1,46g cht hu c A (cha C, H, O,) thu c 1,344lit CO2 (ktc)v 0,9gH2O.t khi hi ca A so vi hiro bng73. Xc nh CTPT ca A ? Bi 52:Cht hu c X (cha C, H, O, N) c % khi lng cc nguyn t ln lt l 32%; 6,67%; 42,66% v 18,67%. Hy xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca X? Xc nh CTPT ca X bit rng trong phn t X c mt nguyn t Nit. (p s: C2H5O2N) Bi 53: t chy hon ton a(g )cht hu c A (cha C, H, O,) thu c 9,408litCO 2(ktc)v 7,56gH2O.Th tch oxi cn dng l 11,76lit(ktc).Bit phn t A c 2 nguyn t oxi. Xc nh CTPT ca A ? Bi 54: t chy hon ton 5g cht hu c B (cha C, H, O,) ri dn sn phm chy vo bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c; bnh 2 ng CaO thy bnh 1 tng 3,6g; bnh 2 tng 11g. Khi ho hi 5g cht B thu c mt th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 1,6g kh O2 (o cng iu kin) xc nh cng thc phn t ca B. (p s: C5H8O2)

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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Bi 55: t chy hon ton 0,356g cht hu c X thu c 0,2688 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 0,052g H2O. Mt khc nu t chy 0,445g X th thu c 56ml kh N2 (ktc) xc nh CTPT ca X bit rng trong X c mt nguyn t N. (p s C3 H7O2N) Bi 56:t chy hon ton 0,9g mt hp cht hu c A ngi ta thu c 1,32g CO 2 v 0,54g H2O. Bit MA = 180. Xc nh cng thc phn t cht A. ( C6H12O6) Bi 57: t chy hon ton 0,72g mt hp cht hu c A thu c 1,42 lt CO 2 v 1,08g H2O. Bit d A/ H2 = 36. Xc nh cng thc phn t cht A. ( C5H12) Bi 58: t chy hon ton 0,46g cht hu c A 448ml CO2 ( ktc) v 0,54g H2O. d A/ khng kh = 1,58. Xc nh cng thc phn t cht A. ( C2H6O) Bi 59: t chy hon ton 0,32g mt Hircacbon X 0,72g H2O; Bit d X/ O2 = 0,5. Xc nh CTPT X. Bi 60: a. t chy hon ton 5,6lt (ktc) cht hu c A ( th kh) 16,8lt CO2 ( ktc) v 13,5g H2O. Bit ktc: DA = 1,875. Xc nh CTPT cht A. b. t chy hon ton 0,25mol kh A thu c 33gCO 2 v 13,5g hi nc. Bit rng ktc, DA = 1,875g/l. Xc nh CTPT A.( C3H6) Bi 61: t chy hon ton 10g hp cht hu c A 33,85g CO2 v 6,94g H2O. d A/ khng kh = 2,69. Xc nh CTPT A. ( C6H6) Bi 62: t chy hon ton 0,366g mt cht hu c A 0,792g CO2 v 0,234g H2O. Mt khc, nu t 0,549g cht A 37,42ml N2 ( 270C v 750mmHg). Xc nh CTPT cht A, bit trong phn t A ch c mt nguyn t Nit. ( C9H13O3N) Bi 63: t chy hon ton 0,356g cht hu c X 0,2688lt CO2 (ktc) v 0,252g H2O. Mt khc, nu phn hu 0,445g X 56ml N2 (ktc). Bit trong phn t X ch cha 1 nguyn t N, Xc nh CTPT ca X. ( C3H7O2N) Bi 64:Cht hu c X ( cha C, H, O, N) c % khi lng cc nguyn t ln lt l 32%; 6,67% ; 42,66% v 18,67%. - Xc nh CTGN ca X. - Xc nh CTPT ca X bit trong phn t X ch c 1 nguyn t N. ( C2H5O2N) Bi 65:t chy hon ton 1,85g cht hu c A cn 1,86lt O2 ( ktc), thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l mol 1:1. a. Xc nh CT GN ca A b. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit trong phn t A c 2 nguyn t xi. Bi 66: t chy hon ton 6,66g cht X cn 9,072lt O2( ktc). Sn phm chy c dn qua bnh 1 cha H2SO4, bnh 2 cha Ca(OH)2 d, thy bnh 1 tng 3,78g; bnh 2 tng m gam v c a(g) kt ta. Tnh m? a? Xc nh CTPT ca X bit MX < 250. ( C12H14O4) Bi 67: t chy 9,0g cht hu c A 6,72lt CO2 (ktc) v 5,4g H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit MA < 150. ( C3H6O3) Bi 68:t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c A ch thu c CO2 v hi nc. Bit MA = 26. Xc nh CTPT cht A. Bi 69: t chy hon ton 0,01mol cht X bng lng O2 va l 0,616lt th thu c 1,344lt hn hp CO2, N2, hi nc. Sau khi ngng t hi nc, hn hp kh cn li c V = 0,56lt v c t khi so vi H2 bng 20,4. Bit rng cc kh o ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca X. ( C2H7O2N) Bi 70: t chy hon ton 0,42g hp cht hu c X ch thu c kh CO2 v hi nc. Dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng nc vi trong d th khi lng bnh tng 1,86g ng thi trong bnh xut hin 3g kt ta. Mt khc, khi ho hi 1 lng cht X ngi ta thu c mt th tch ng bng 2/5 th tch ca kh Nit c khi lng tng ng, cng iu kin t0, P. Xc nh CTPT ca X. ( C5H10) Bi 71: Cht hu c Z c 40% C; 6,67% H; cn li l oxi. Mt khc, khi ho hi 1 lng Z ngi ta c th tch va ng bng th tch ca kh NO c khi lng bng 1/3 khi lng ca Z trong cng iu kin. Xc nh CTPT ca Z.
T Ha Hc 13

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Bi 72: t chy hon ton 100ml hi cht A cn 250ml O2 thu c 200ml CO2 v 200ml hi nc. Cc th tch kh c o cng iu kin. Xc nh CTPT cht A. ( C2H4O) Bi 73: t chy hon ton 1lt kh A cn 5 lt O2, sau phn ng thu c 3lt CO2 v 4 lt hi H2O. Bit rng cc th tch kh u o cng iu kin t0, P. Xc nh CTPT A. ( C3H8) Bi 74:t chy hon ton 10ml mt hircacbon X bng 80ml O 2 (d). Sau phn ng, ly sn phm thu c em ngng t H2O th thy cn li 65ml, trong c 25ml l O 2 d. Bit rng cc kh c o cng iu kin. Xc nh CTPT ca X v tnh t khi ca X so vi khng kh. ( C4H6) Bi 75:Trn 12ml mt hirocacbon A th kh vi 60ml O2 ri t chy hon ton. Lm lnh sn phm chy H2O ngng t ri a v iu kin ban u th th tch kh cn li l 48ml trong c 24ml b KOH hp th, cn li l O2 d. Bit rng cc cht kh o cng iu kin. Xc nh CTPT ca A. ( C2H4) Bi 76: Trn 10ml mt hirocacbon X th kh vi 80ml O 2 ri t chy hon ton. Sau khi lm lnh sn phm chy H2O ngng t ri a v iu kin ban u th th tch kh cn li l 55ml trong c 40ml b hp th bi NaOH, phn cn li l O2 d. Xc nh CTPT ca X. ( C4H10) Bi 77: Trn 400ml hi mt cht hu c A ( cha C, H, O) vi 2lt O2 ri t chy hon ton. Hn hp kh sinh ra nu dn qua CaCl2 khan th th tch gim 1,6lt; nu dn tip qua dung dch KOH d th th tch gim thm 1,2lt na v thot ra sau cng l 400ml O2 d. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Cc kh o cng iu kin. ( C3H8O2) Bi 78: Cho 0,5lt hn hp gm hirocacbon A v kh CO 2 vo 2,5 lt O2 (d) ri t chy hon ton. Sau phn ng, Vhh = 3,4lt cho H2O ngng t, V kh cn 1,8lt v tip tc cho li qua KOH th ch cn 0,5lt kh thot ra. Cc kh o cng iu kin. Xc nh CTPT v % v th tch ca cht A trong hn hp ban u. ( C3H8) Bi 79: t chy 10ml cht hu c A vi 50ml O2. Hn hp kh thu c sau th nghim gm CO2, N2, hi nc v O2 d c th tch 80ml, c dn qua CaCl2 khan th gim mt mt na, nu dn tip qua KOH d th cn li 20ml mt hn hp kh m khi cho phn ng vi nhau trong h quang in th ch cn li mt kh duy nht. Cc kh o cng iu kin. Xc nh CTPT ca A. ( C2H8N2)

Phn ba trc nghim

Cu 1: Trn 2 lt CH4 vi 3 lt CO thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi i vi hidro bng: A. 0,72 B. 0,8 C. 23,2 D. 0,76 Cu 2: Nu t chy 1 mol cht X ch thu c CO2 v hi nc, vi tng s mol ca CO2 v nc l 9 mol,th cng thc phn t ca cht X l: A. C2H5OH B.C4H10 C. C5H12 D. CH3COOH Cu 3: Khi t chy hon ton X thu c CO2 v hi nc.Bit X c %C=51,17%, %H = 13,04% v khi lng.Cng thc n gin ca cht X l: A. C2H4 B.C2H6O C. C5H12 D. CH3COOH Cu 4: t chy hon ton m gam cht X cn dng 4,48 lt O2 (ktc), thu c 2,24 lt CO2(ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Gi tr m l: A. 0,8gam B. 1,6 gam C. 1,2 gam D. 2gam Cu 5: t chy hon ton 6 gam hp cht A thu c 8,8 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam nc.Cng thc thc nghim ca A l: A. (CH2O)2 B. CH2O C.(CH2O)n D. (C3H5O)n Cu 6: t chy hon ton 16 gam hidro cacbon A th thu c 21,6g nc.Thnh phn %C trong A l: A. 80% B. 15% C. 85% D. 75% Cu 7: Khi t chy hon ton hp cht hu c A thu c CO2 , H2O v N2.Bit A c %C=51,3%, %H = 9,4%%N=12,2%.v dA/KK=4,03.Cng thc n gin ca cht X l: A. C5H9O2N B. C5H11O2 C. C5H11O2N D. C10H22N2 Cu 8: t chy hon ton 3,6 gam hp cht hu c A th thu c 5,18g CO2 v 2,16g H2O. BitdA/H2=180. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C6H12O6 B. C2H4O2 C12H24O12 D. C2H6O
T Ha Hc 14

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Cu 9: t chy hon ton 0,6 gam hp cht hu c A th thu c 0,88g CO2 v 0,72g H2O. Mt khc cng lng cht khi phn tch cho 224 ml nito ktc.BitdA/H2=60. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C6H12O6 B. C2H4O2 C12H24O12 D. C2H6O Cu 10: t chy hon ton 1,8 gam hp cht hu c A th thu c 2,64g CO2 v 1,08g H2O. BitdA/H2=90. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C6H12O6 B. C2H4O2 C12H24O12 D. C2H6O Cu 11: t chy hon ton 0,3 gam hp cht hu c A th thu c 0,44g CO2 v 0,36g H2O. Mt khc cng lng cht khi phn tch cho 112 ml nito ktc BitdA/H2=30. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C6H12O6 B. C2H4O2 C12H24O12 D. C2H6O Cu 12: t chy hon ton 12 gam hidrocacbon A th thu c 21,6 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C3H9 B. C2H6 C. CH3 D. (CH3)n Cu 13: t chy hon ton a gam hidrocacbon A th thu c 2,2 gam CO2 v 1,08 gam nc. Gi tr ca a l: A. 0,72g B. 3,28g C. 2,5g D. 3,8g Cu 14: Xc nh s cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c A (gm C, H v c th c O).Bit dA/Hidro=29 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D.4 Cu 15: t chy hon ton 0,282 gam hp cht hu c A. Cho sn phm chy i qua ln lt bnh 1 ng CaCl2 khan v bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH. Sau th nghim, ngi ta thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,194g v bnh 2 tng 0,8g. Mt khc khi t chy 0,186g A th thu c 22,4 ml N2 (ktc). Xc nh cng thc phn t A, bit A ch c mt nit: A. C6H7N B. C2H4N C. C2H7N D. C6H6N Cu 16: t chy hon ton 10,4 gam hp cht hu c A. Cho sn phm chy i qua ln lt bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng dung dch Ca(OH)2. Sau th nghim, ngi ta thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,6g v bnh 2 thu c 30g kt ta. Mt khc khi ha hi 2,6g A th thu c th tch ng bng th tch ca 0,4g O2 trong cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc phn t A. A. C3H4O4 B. C6H8O8 C. C5H12O2 D. C4H8O3 Cu 17: t chy hon ton 200ml hp cht hu c A cha C, H, O trong 900ml O2 th thu c 1,3 lt hn hp kh. Sau ngng t hi nc, ch cn 700ml.Tip theo, cho hn hp khi qua dung dch KOH ch cn 100ml kh thot ra. Cc cht kh o cng iu kin. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C3H6O B. C4H8O C. C5H12O2 D. C4H8O3 Cu 18: t chy hon ton hp cht hu c A c 0,8 gam oxi th thu c1,1g CO2 v 0,45g H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A,bit th tch khi ha hi 6 gam A ng bng th tch ca 3,2 gam oxi cng iu kin. A. C3H4O4 B. C6H8O8 C. C2H4O2 D. C4H8O3 Cu 19: Phn tch 1,18 gam hp cht hu c X c cha N thu c 2,64 gam CO2, 1,62 gam nc. N chuyn ha thnh NH3 Cho NH3 qua 30ml dd H2SO4 1M. trung ha axit d, cn 100ml dd NaOH 0,4M. Bit dX/kk=2,034. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. A. C6H7N B. C3H9N C. C2H7N D. C6H6N Cu 20: Nicotin l hp cht c trong thuc l.Hp cht ny to bi 3 nguyn t: C, H, N. em t chy ht 2,349 gam nicotin, thu c N n cht, 1,827gam H2O v 6,38 gam CO2. Cng thc n gin nht ca nicotin l: A. C5H7N B. C2H4N C. C2H7N D. C6H6N Cu 21: Phn tch 2,46 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 5,28 gam CO2, 0,9g H2O, 224ml N2 (ktc). Bit dX/kk=4,24. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. A. C6H5O2N B. C2H4ON C. C2H7N D. C6H6N Cu 22: t chy hon ton 10gam hp cht hu c A sinh ra 9,23g cacbon, 0,77gam hidro. Bit dA/He=19,3. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A.
T Ha Hc 15

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. C5H10 B. C2H4N C. C2H7N D. C6H6 Cu 23: Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C5H10Oz. Bit %H trong A l 9,8%. Vy oxi trong A l: A. 17,14% B. 45,71% C. 58,82% D. 31,37% Cu 24: Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C4HyCl bit %C=51,2%. Vy y nhn gi tr l: A. 10 B. 9 C. 8 D. 7 Cu 25: t chy hon ton a gam hp cht hu c A, sn phm chy dn qua bnh ng nc vi d OoC th thu c 3g kt ta v khi lng bnh tng ln 1,68gam. Gi tr ca a l: A. 0,4 B. 0,5 C. 0,6 D. 0,7 Cu 26: t chy hon ton 0,74 gam hp cht hu c A cn dng 0,784 lt O2 (ktc),th thu c CO2 v H2O. Bit VCO2 =6/7VO2,mCO2=2,444mH2O v khi ha hi 1,85 gam A th c th tch ng bng th tch 0,8 gam oxi cng iu kin. Vy cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C3H6O2 B. C2H4N C. C2H6O D. C6H6O Cu 27: t chy hon ton 01mol cht X cn 6,72 lt oxi (ktc), thu c 4,48 lt CO2(ktc) v 5,4 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ng ca X l: A. C5H6O B. C2H4N C. C2H6O D. C6H6N Cu 28: t chy mt th tch ca hidrocacbon X(l cht kh ktc) cn 6,5 th tch oxi cng iu kin nhit v p sut.Vy cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C4H10 B. C2H4 C. C2H6 D. C6H6N Cu 29: T l % mC v %mH trong hidro cacbon X l % mC: %mH=92,3%:7,7%. Khi lng phn t ca X ln gp 1,3 ln khi lng ca phn t axit axetic. Vy cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C4H10 B. C2H4 C. C2H6 D. C6H6 Cu 30: Nguyn t X cha cc nguyn t C, H, N, O v c khi lng phn t bng 75. Bit rng khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c CO2 v nc (vi t l nCO2:nH2O=2:3) v 1,12 lt N2(ktc). Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C4H10 B. C2H4ON C. C3H9ON D. C2H7ON Cu 31: t chy mt 22,4 lt H-C ktc s gam H2O thu c l 36 gam. Cng thc phn t c th c l ? A. C2H4, C2H6 B.C2H4 C. C2H4, C2H2, C2H6 D.CH4, C2H4, C3H4,C4H4 Cu 32: t chy 1 lt H-C thu c 2 lt CO2. Cng thc phn t c th c l ? A.C2H2, C2H4,C2H6 B. C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C2H8 C. C2H2,C2H4 D.C2H4, C2H6 Cu 33:Trn 5 lt H2,5 lt CH4,15 lt hidrocacbon X(kh) thu c hn hp kh Y nng bng etan(cc th tch kh o ktc). Hy chn cng thc phn t ng ca X: A. C4H10 B. C2H4 C. C2H6 D. C3H8 Cu 34:t chy hon ton 1,15 gam mt hidrcacbon X. Cho sn phm chy qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 th thu c 3,94 gam kt ta v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y, nung n khi lng khng i thi thu thm c 4,59g cht rn na. Th tch kh CO2 thot ra khi c cn dd Y l: A. 1,344 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 3,36 lt Cu 35: t chy hon ton 1,12 gam A. Ri cho hp th ton b sn phm chy trong dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng ln 3,36gam v nCO2=1,5nH2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Bit dA/H2<30 A. C3H4O B. C2H4O C. C2H6O D. C6H6O Cu 36: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt (ktc) hh CO2 v ankan X. Hn hp sau khi t thy c 7,2 gam nc v 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C4H10 B. C3H8 C. C2H6 D. C6H6 Cu 37: Mt hidrocacbon c %C=88,89%. Cng thc n gin nht ca hidrocacbon la: A. CH4 B. CH2 C. CH3 D. C2H3 Cu 38: t chy a gam hidrocacbon X thu c 1,12 lt CO2 (ktc) v 0,9 gam nc. Mt khc a gam X c cng th tch vi 0,28gam N2 cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Xc nh a? A. 0,7g B. 0,8g C. 0,9g D. 1g Cu 39: Hp cht A c cng thc n gin l CH3O v c dA/H2= 31.Cng thc no sau y ng vi cng thc phn t ca A?
T Ha Hc 16

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. C4H10 B. C2H4 C. C2H6 D. C2H6O2 Cu 40: t chy hon ton 2,3gam hp cht hu c X cn V lt O2 (ktc).Sn phm chy cho hp th hon ton vo dd nc vi d.Thy c 10gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng 7,1gam. Gi tr ca V l: A. 1,344 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 3,36 lt Cu 41: t chy hon ton 4,48 lt CH4 (ktc) sau dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng nc vi trong d th khi lng dd trong bnh: A.Tng 6g B. Gim 6g C. Tng 4g D.Gim 4g Cu 42: Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C4H7Clx v MA=161,5.Gi tr ca x l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 43: t chy mt mol cht X cn 3,5 mol O2.Cng thc phn t ca X c th l: A. C4H10 B. C2H4 C. C2H6 D. C2H6O2

ANKAN
L THUYT I. ng ng, ng phn 1. ng ng: CH4, C2H6, C3H8CnH2n+2 (n 2) 2. ng phn: Mch cacbon (ch thm bc cacbon) II. Danh php: 1.Ankan khng phn mnh Cng thc CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C7H16 C8H18 C9H20 C10H22 Tn metan etan Propan butan Pentan Hexan Heptan Octan Nonan Decan 2. Ankan c nhnh: Theo IUPAC,tn ca ankan c nhnh c gi theo tn thay th: -Chn mch chnh l mch di nht v c nhiu nhnh nht -nh s cc nguyn t C thuc mch chnh t pha phn nhnh sm hn -Gi tn:S ch v tr nhnh+tn nhanh+tn mch chnh+an III. Tnh cht vt l - nhit thng cc ankan t C1-C4 trng thi kh,t C5 n khong C18 trng thi lng, t C18 tr i l cht rn. - Nhit si, nhit nng chy, khi lng ring tng theo chiu tng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. -Ankan nh hn nc khng tan trong nc, khng mu -Ankan t C1-C4 khng mi, C5-C10 c mi xng, C10-C16 mi du ha, cc ankan rn khng bay hi nn khng c mi. IV. Ha tnh Cc ankan kh tr v mt ha hc, nhit thng khng phn ng vi axit, bazo, cht oxi ha mnh.Ankan c kh nng tham gia phn ng th, phn ng tch, phn ng oxi ha. 1.Phn ng th bi halogen: as CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl Clometan (metyl clorua) a s CH2Cl2 + HCl CH3Cl + Cl2 Diclometan (metylen clorua) as CH2Cl2 + Cl2 CHCl3 + HCl Triclo metan (clorofom) a s CCl4 + HCl CHCl3 + Cl2 Tetraclometan (cacbon tetraclorua) Nguyn t hidro lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon bc cao hn d b th hn.

T Ha Hc

17

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang

H2 C

H3C

CH3

Cl2

as

CH3CH2CH2Cl + HCl 1-clopropan (43%)

H3C H C Cl CH3

+ HCl

2-clopropan (53%) 2. Phn ng tch: CH3-CH3 t, x t CH2=CH2+H2

0

CH4 + C3H6 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 t0,xt C2H4 + C2H6 C4H8 +H2

3. Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O CnH2n+2 +

3n +1 O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2

nCO2<nH2O nAnkan=nH2O-nCO2 Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton: CH4 + O2 HCHO + H2O V. iu ch v ng dng 1. iu ch: Trong cng nghip metan v ng ng c tch t kh thin nhin v du m. Trong phng th nghim: +CH3COONa (r) + NaOH(r) CH4 + Na2CO3 +Al4C3 + 12H2O 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3 2. ng dng BI TP 1. Tin hnh clo ha 3-metylpentan t l 1:1 thu c bao nhiu dn xut monoclo l ng phn ca nhau? A. 4 B. 5 C. 2 D. 3 2. Hidrocacbon X c CTPT C5H12 khi tc ng vi Clo to c 3 dn xut monoclo ng phn ca nhau. X l: A. iso-pentan B. n-pentan C. neo-pentan D. 2-metyl butan 3. Ankan X c cng thc phn t C5H12, khi tc ng vi clo to c 4 dn xut monoclo. Tn ca X la: A. pentan B. iso-pentan C. neo-pentan D.2,2-dimetylpropan 4. C bao nhiu ankan ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C5H12? A. 3 ng phn B. 4 ng phn C. 5 ng phn D. 6 ng phn 5: Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no khng phi l phn ng th? A. C2H6 + Cl2 a s C2H5Cl + HCl B. C6H6 + 3Cl2 a s C6H6Cl6 , , xt C. C6H6 + Cl2 tp C6H5Cl + HCl D. C2H5OH H SO C2H4 + H2O ,t 6: Hirocacbon X c cng thc phn t l C4H10. Vy X l: A- Hirocacbon no, khng vng 3 ng phn. B- Hirocacbon no, khng vng 2 ng phn. C- Hirocacbon khng no, 2 ng phn. D- Hirocacbon no, c vng 2 ng phn 7. Phn ng c trng ca hidrocacbon no: A. Phn ng tch B. Phn ng th C. Phn ng cng D. C A, B,C. 8. Cho Tn gi hp cht X c cng thc cu to :
o

T Ha Hc

18

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang

CH3 H3C H C C2H5 H2 C C C2H5 H2 C CH3

A. 2,4 ietyl-4-metylhexan B. 3- etyl-3,5-dimetylheptan C. 5-etyl-3,5-imetylheptan D. 2,2,3- trietyl-pentan 9. Khi cho butan tc dng vi brom thu c sn phm monobrom no sau y l sn phm chnh? A. CH3CH2CH2CH2Br B. CH3CH2CHBrCH3 C.CH3CH2CH2CHBr2 D. CH3CH2CBr2CH3. 10. Ankan Z c cng thc phn t l C5H12. Tin hnh p/ dehidro ha Z thu c mt hn hp gm 3 anken l ng phn ca nhau trong c hai cht l ng phn hnh hc. Cng thc cu to ca Z l? A. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 B. CH3CH2CH(CH3 )2 C. C(CH3)4 D. Khng c cu to no ph 11: Sn phm chnh ca phn ng brom ho 2- metylbutan theo t l s mol 1:1 l: A. 1- clo- 2- metylbutan B. 2- clo- 3- metylbutan C. 1- clo- 3- metylbutan D. 2- clo- 2- metylbutan 12: Dy no sau y gm cc cht l ng ng ca metan: A. C2H4, C3H7Cl, C2H6OB. C4H10, C5H12, C6H14 C. C4H10, C5H12, C5H12O D. C2H2, C3H4, C4H6 13: Khi nhit phn CH3COONa vi vi ti xt thi thu c sn phm kh: A. N2, CH4 B. CH4, H2 C. CH4, CO2 D. CH4 14: CTPT ng vi tn gi 4-etyl-2,3,3-trimetylheptan l: A.C12H26 B. C10H22 C. C11H24 D. C12H24 15: Khi cho 2-metylpentan tc dng vi brom thu c sn phm chnh l dn xut monobrom no sau y? A.2-brom-2-metylpentan. B. 3-brom-metylpentan. C.1-brom-2-metylpentan D. 4-brom-2-metylpentan 16:Cht hu c c cng thc cu to sau c tn gi l g? CH3 - CH(CH3)-CHBr-CH2-CCl(CH3)-CH3 A. 2-clo-4-brom-2,5-imetylhexan B. 4-brom-2-clo-2,5-imetylhexan C. 3-brom-2-clo-2,5-imetylhexan D. 4 brom-2-clo-2,5-trimetylhexan 17: Tn gi: 2 clo 3 metylbutan ng vi cng thc cu to no sau y?

CH3
A.

CH CH2 CH3 Cl
B.

CH3 CH2 CH CH2 Cl CH3

CH3 CH3 H2C C CH2 CH3

CH3

Cl C. D. 18: Cho 4 cht: metan, etan, propan v n-butan. S lng cht to c mt sn phm th monoclo duy nht l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 19: Khi clo ha mt ankan c cng thc phn t C6H14, ngi ta ch thu c 2 sn phm th monoclo. Danh php IUPAC ca ankan l A. 2,2-imetylbutan. B. 2-metylpentan. C. n-hexan. D. 2,3-imetylbutan. 20: Khi clo ha hn hp 2 ankan, ngi ta ch thu c 3 sn phm th monoclo. Tn gi ca 2 ankan l: A. etan v propan. B. propan v iso-butan. C. iso-butan v n-pentan. D. neo-pentan v etan.
T Ha Hc 19

CH3 CH CH CH3 Cl

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 21: Thc hin phn ng crackinh n-butan thu c bao nhiu sn phm? A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. 22: Trong cc cht di y, cht no c nhit si thp nht? A. CH4 B. C2H6 C. C3H8 D.C4H10 23: iu kin thch hp butan tc dng c vi: A. dd KMnO4 B. dd Brom C. Oxi D. AgNO3 24: X l mt hidrocacbon no, Khi t chy X thu c CO2 v hi H2O c t l s mol tng ng l 1:2. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. CH4 B. C2H6 C. C3H8 D.C4H10 25: S ng phn ng vi cng thc C4H10 l: A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. 26: S ng phn ng vi cng thc C6H14 l: A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 6. 27: Trong phng th nghim ngi ta iu ch metan bng cch no sau y? A. Nung natriaxetat khan vi hn hp vi ti xt B. Cho nhm cacbua tc dng vi nc C. C A,B ng D. C A,B sai 28: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng khi ni v tnh cht vt l ca ankan? A. Tan nhiu trong nc B. L cht khng mu C. L dung mi khng phn cc D. Ankan nh hn nc 29: Nhn xt no sau y ng? A. Cc ankan t C1 n C4 l cht kh B. Cc ankan t C5 n C18 l cht lng C.Cc ankan t C18 tr i l cht rn D. C A,B,C ng 30: Trong s cc ankan ng phn ca nhau, cht no c nhit si cao nht? A. ng phn mch khng phn nhnh B. ng phn mch phn nhnh nhiu nht C. ng phn isoankan D. ng phn tert-ankan 31:Ankan tng i tr v mt ha hc, nhit thng khng phn ng vi axit, bazo, cht oxi ha mnh v: A. Ankan ch c lin kt bn vng. B. Ankan c khi lng phn t ln C. Ankan c nhiu Hidro bao bc xung quanh D. Ankan c tnh oxi ha mnh 32:Hp cht 2,3-imetylbutan khi phn ng vi clo theo t l mol 1:1 c chiu sng th thu c sn phm ng phn l: A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. 33:Ankan tan tt trong dung mi no? A. H2O B. dd HCl C. dd NaOH D. C6H6 34:Cho phn ng Al4C3 + H2O A + B . Cc cht A, B ln lt l: A. CH4, Al2O3 B. C2H2, Al(OH)3 C. C2H6, Al(OH)3 D. CH4, Al(OH)3 35: Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th Tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C6H14. B. C3H8. C. C4H10. D. C5H12. 36: Phn tch 3 g ankan cho 2,4g cacbon . CTPT ca A l g ? A. CH4 B.C2H6 C. C3H8 D. kt qu khc 37: Mt ankan to c dn xut monoclo, trong hm lng clo bng 55,04%. Ankan c CTPT l: A. CH4 B. C2H6 C.C3H8 D. C4H10 38: Khi phn hu hon ton hidrocacbon X trong iu kin khng c khng kh, thu c sn phm c th tch tng gp 3 ln th tch hidrocacbon X ( cng iu kin ) . Cng thc phn t ca X l :
T Ha Hc 20

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. C2H6 B. C4H10 C. C5H12 D. C6H14 39. t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp 2 ankan thu c 9,45g H2O. Cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng Ca(OH)2 d th khi lng kt ta thu c l bao nhiu ? A.37,5g B. 52,5g C. 15g D.42,5g 40: Phn trm khi lng cacbon trong phn t ankan Y bng 83,33% . Cng thc phn t ca Y l A. C2H6 B. C3H8 C. C4H10 D. C5H12 41: Ankan Y td vi Brom to ra 2 dn xut monobrom c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 61,5. Tn ca Y l: A. butan B. propan C. isobutan D. 2-metylbutan 42: Khi nhit phn mt ankan X trong iu kin khng c khng kh thu c kh H2 v mui than, thy th tch kh thu c gp 5 ln th tch ankan X( o cng iu kin v nhit p sut ). CTPT ca X l : A. CH4 B. C2H6 C. C3H8 D. C4H10 43:t chy ht 2,24 lt ankan X (ktc), dn tan b sn phm chy vo dd nc vi trong d thy c 40g. CTPT X: A. C2H6 B. C4H10 C. C3H6 D. C3H8 44: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp 2 ankan thu c 9,45g H2O. Cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng Ca(OH)2 d th khi lng kt ta thu c l bao nhiu ? A.37,5g B. 52,5g C. 15g D.42,5g 45: Khi t chy hon ton 7,84 lt hn hp kh gm CH4, C2H6, C3H8 (ktc) thu c 16,8 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v x gam H2O. Gi tr ca x l : A. 6,3. B. 13,5. C. 18,0. D. 19,8. 46: Khi t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng k tip thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 9,0 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan l: A. CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H6 v C3H8. C. C3H8 v C4H10. D. C4H10 v C5H12. 47: t chy hon ton hn hp kh X gm 2 hirocacbon A v B l ng ng k tip thu c 96,8 gam CO2 v 57,6 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l A. CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H6 v C3H8. C. C3H8 v C4H10. D. C4H10 v C5H12. 48: Hn hp kh X gm 2 hirocacbon A v B l ng ng k tip. t chy X vi 64 gam O2 (d) ri dn sn phm thu c qua bnh ng Ca(OH)2 d thu c 100 gam kt ta. Kh ra khi bnh c th tch 11,2 lt 0OC v 0,4 atm. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l: A. CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H6 v C3H8. C. C3H8 v C4H10. D. C4H10 v C5H12. Dng cho cu 49, 50: Nung m gam hn hp X gm 3 mui kali ca 3 axit no n chc vi NaOH d thu c cht rn D v hn hp Y gm 3 ankan. T khi ca Y so vi H2 l 11,5. Cho D tc dng vi H2SO4 d thu c 17,92 lt CO2 (ktc). Cu 49: Gi tr ca m l: A. 42,0. B. 84,8. C. 42,4. D. 84,0. Cu 50: Tn gi ca 1 trong 3 ankan thu c l: A. metan. B. etan. C. propan. D. butan. Cu 51: t chy hon ton V lt hn hp A (ktc) gm CH4, C2H6 v C3H8 thu c 6,72 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Gi tr ca V l A. 5,60. B. 3,36. C. 4,48. D. 2,24. 52: Khi brom ho mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi so vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l: A. 3,3-imetylhexan. B. isopentan. C. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan. D. 2,2-imetylpropan. 53: t chy ht 0,224 lt (ktc) mt hirocacbon no mch h, sn phm sau khi t chy cho qua 1 lt nc vi 0,143% (D = 1 g/l) thu c 0,1g kt ta.Cng thc phn t hirocacbon l: A. C4H10 B. C3H8 C. C5H12 D. C2H6
T Ha Hc 21

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 54 : Mt hn hp gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. Dn hn hp qua 100 gam dung dch brom 16% thy dung dch brom mt mu v khi lng bnh tng 2,8 gam, sau phn ng thy thot ra 3,36 lt mt kh (ktc). t chy hon ton hn hp kh bay ra thu c 8,8 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam nc. Vy cng thc ca anken v ankan ln lt l: A. CH4 v C2H4 B. C2H6 v C2H4 C. C2H6 v C3H6 D. CH4 v C3H6 55: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l: A. 12,9. B. 25,8. C. 22,2. D. 11,1. 56: t chy hon ton hn hp hai hidrocacbon ng ng c phn t khi hn km nhau 28 vC thu c 11,2 lt CO2(ktc)v 14,4 g nc. Ctpt hai hidrocacbon l: A. CH4, C3H8 B. C2H6, C4H10 C. C3H8, C5H12 D. C2H4,C4H8 57: t chy hon ton 3,6g ankan A ri dn ton b kh i qua bnh ng dd Ca(OH)2 th thu c 1,97g mui trung ha v 10,36g mui axit.Ctpt ca A l: A. C3H8 B. C4H10 C. C5H12 D. C6H14 58: t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X thu c 6,72 lt CO2 ktc v 7,2g nc.Ctpt ca X l: A. C2H6 B. C3H8 C. C4H10 D. kqk 59: Oxi ha hon ton m gam mt hidrocacbon X cn 17,92 lt oxi ktc th thu c 11,2 lt CO2 ktc. Ctpt ca X l: A. C3H8 B. C4H10 C. C5H12 D. kqk 60: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm hai hidrocacbon thuc cng dy ng ng cn dng 6,16 lt oxi v thu c 3,36 lt CO2 ktc.Gi tr ca m l: A. 2,3g B. 23g C. 3,2g D. 32g 61: Oxi ha hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp 2ankan, sn phm thu c cho i qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng Ba(OH)2 d. Th khi lng bnh 1 tng 6,3 gam, bnh 2 c m gam kt ta xut hin. Gi tr ca m l: A. 68,95 B. 59,1 C. 49,25 D. kqk 62:t chy hon ton 1 lt butan th th tch CO2 c th sinh ra cng iu kin l: A. 5 lt B. 4 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 8,96 lt 63: T khi hi ca mt ankan so vi khng kh 3,95. Ctpt ankan l: A. (CH2)n B. C6H14 C. C5H12 D. C8H18 64: Mt ankan c %C=84,21.T khi hi i vi khng kh bng 3,93. Ctpt ankan l: A. C6H14 B. C7H16 C. C5H12 D. C8H18 65: X l dn xut clo : CxHyClz trong phn t c 62,83% clo v khi lng.MX=113.C bao nhiu ctct ng vi cng thc phn t va tm c? A. 5 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 66: t chy hon ton 0,02 mol ankan A trong kh clo va , sn phm chy cho qua dd AgNO3 d thu c 22,96gam kt ta trng. Ctpt ca A l: A. CH4 B. C2H6 C. C3H8 D. C4H10 67: t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon, thu c 2,24 lt CO2 ktc v 2,7 gam nc. Th tch O2 tham gia phn ng l: A. 4,48 lt B. 3,92 lt C. 5,6 lt D. 2,8 lt 68: t chy hon ton 3,36 lt hn hp kh A gm metan v etan thu c 4,48 lt kh cacbonic.Cc kh o ktc.Thnh phn % khi lng ca metan trong hn hp A l: A. 51,6% B. 66,7% C. 33,3% D. 48,4% 69:Ankan A c 16,28% khi lng hidro trong phn t. S ng phn cu to ca A l: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 70: Hn hp X gm hai ankan k tip c t khi so vi hidro l 24,8. Cng thc phn t ca hai ankan l: A. C2H6, C3H8 B. C4H10, C3H8 C. C2H6, C4H10 D.C4H10, C5H12 71: Hn hp kh A gm etan v propan.t chy ht hn hp A thu c kh CO2 v hi nc theo t l 11:12. % khi lng ca propan l:
T Ha Hc 22

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. 81,5% B. 15,5% C. 75% D. 25% 72: Crackinh 5,8g butan thu c hn hp kh A, t chy hon ton hn hp A th khi lng nc thu c l: A. 4,5g `B. 9g C. 10,8g D. 18g XICLOANKAN L THUYT I.Cu trc, ng phn, danh php Cu trc: Xicloankan l hidrocacbon no mch vng ng phn: Cch gi tn:nh s sau cho tng s ch v tr cc nhnh l nh nht II. Tnh cht 1. Tnh cht vt l: 2. Tnh cht ha hc: -Cng m vng: Cng vi hidro, halogen, HX
+ H2 Ni, t0 CH3-CH2-CH3 propan

+ H2

Ni,t0

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 butan

-Th:
Cl

+ Cl2

as

+ HCl

-Phn ng oxi ha: CnH2n +

3n O2 nCO2 + nH2O 2
xt, t0 + H2

CH3(CH2)4CH3

III. iu ch: BI TP
CH3

CH3

1. Cho xicloankan c cng thc cu to: Theo danh php IUPAC tn gi ca xiclonkan l: A. 1-etyl-3-metylxiclohexan B.1-metyl-3-etylxiclohexan C. 1-etyl-3-metylhexan D. 3-etyl-1-metylxiclohexan 2. xicloankan c th tham gia phn ng no? A. Phn ng th B. Phn ng cng m vng C. Phn ng t chy D. C A,B,C ng 3. Cu no ng khi ni v xicloankan? A. Xicloankan l hidrocacbon no, mch h B. Xicloankan l hidrocacbon khng no, mch h c mt ni i trong phn t C. Xicloankan l hidrocacbon no, mch vng D. C A,B,C sai 4. Xicloankan no c kh nng cng m vng? A. B.
Cl
Cl

C H2

C. + Cl2
1:1
Cl

D. C A,B

5.Chn ng sn phm th ca phn ng sau

A. B. C. Cl-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-Cl D. CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3 6. Khi cho clo ha mt xicloankan thu c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht.Xicloankan l:
T Ha Hc 23

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. Metylxiclopetan B. Etylxiclobutan C. 1,2-dimetylxiclopropan D. Xiclohexan 7. T xiclopropan c th iu ch c: A. CH3-CH2-CH3 B.CH3-CH2-CHBr C. CH2Br-CH2-CH2Br D. C A,B,C ng 8. Xicloankan c cng thc tng qut l A. CnH2n B. CnH2n+2 C. CnH2n-2 D. CnH2n-4 9.Khi lng xiclopropan lm mt mu 8g brom l? A. 1,05g B. 4,2g C. 2,1g D. 4g 10. Mt xicloankan n vng X c t khi so vi nit bng 2.CTPT ca X l? A. C4H8 B. C3H6 C. C5H10 D. C6H12 11. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt mt xicloankan X (ktc) thu c 7,2 gam nc.Bit X lm mt mu dd Brom. Ctct ca X l?
CH3 A. B. C. D. 12. imetyl xiclo propan c bao nhiu ng phn mch vng? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 13. Cht no sau y c kh nng lm mt mu dd brom? A. Xiclopropan B.Metan C. Propan D. Xiclopentan 14. t chy hon ton hn hp gm n xicloankan thu c (a+10)g nc v (a+36)g CO2. Gi tr ca a l? A. 6g B. 7g C. 8g D. 10g ANKEN L THUYT I. ng ng, ng phn, danh php 1. ng ng: +Anken l hidrocacbon khng no, mch h c mt lin kt i trong phn t +Cng thc tng qut CnH2n (n 2) 2ng phn: +ng phn cu to (ng phn mch cacbon v ng phn v tr lin kt i) +ng phn hnh hc 3. Danh php: +Chn mch chnh l mch di nht cha ni i +nh s C mch chnh t pha gn lin kt i +Gi tn: S ch v tr nhnh+tn nhnh+tn mch chnh+s ch v tr lin kt i+en II. Tnh cht: 1. Vt l:Tng t ankan 2. Ha hc:Lin kt ni i ca anken km bn nn d b t khi tham gia cc phn ng ha hc -Phn ng cng: +Cng H2 i CH2=CH2 + H2 N CH3-CH3 etan ,t i CnH2n + H2 N CnH2n+2 ,t +Cng halogen: CH2=CH2 + Cl2 Cl-CH2-CH2 Cl +Cng axit, nc: CH2=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH2 OH CH2=CH2 + HCl CH3-CH2 Cl QUY TC MAC-COP-NHI-COP Trong phn ng cng axit hoc nc (HX) vo C=C ca anken.H cng vo C mang nhiu H hn,cn X cng vo C mang t H hn hay C c bc cao hn. 2CH2=CH-CH3 + 2HCl CH3-CHCl-CH3 + CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl
0

T Ha Hc

24

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang sn phm chnh sn phm ph t0,xt,p H2 H2

CH2 C C

-Phn ng trng hp: -Phn ng oxi ha: +Oxi ha hon ton CnH2n +

n H2C

3n O2 nCO2+ nH2O 2

+Oxi ha khng hon ton: 3CH2=CH2+2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3HOCH2-CH2OH + 2MnO2 + 2KOH III. iu ch: C2H5OH H SO ,170 C2H4 + H2O BI TP Cu 1: Anken X c cng thc cu to: CH3 CH2 C(CH3)=CHCH3. Tn ca X l A. isohexan. B. 3-metylpent-3-en. C. 3-metylpent-2-en. D. 2-etylbut-2-en. Cu 2: S ng phn ca C4H8 l A. 7. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5. Cu 3: Hp cht C4H8 mch h c bao nhiu ng phn cu to? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10. Cu 4: Hp cht C5H10 c bao nhiu ng phn anken? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. Cu 5: Hp cht C5H10 c bao nhiu ng phn cu to? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10. Cu 6: Cho cc cht sau: 2-metylbut-1-en (1); 3,3-imetylbut-1-en (2); 3-metylpent-1-en (3); 3metylpent-2-en (4); Nhng cht no l ng phn ca nhau? A. (3) v (4). B. (1),(2) v (3). C. (1) v (2). D. (2),(3) v (4). Cu 7: Hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc? A. 2-metylbut-2-en. B. 2-clo-but-1-en. C. 2,3- iclobut-2-en. D. 2,3 imetylpent-2en. Cu 8: Nhng hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc (cis-trans)? CH3CH = CH2 (I); CH3CH = CHCl (II); CH3CH = C(CH3)2 (III); C2H5C(CH3)=C(CH3) C2H5(IV); C2H5C(CH3)=CClCH3(V). A. (I), (IV), (V). B. (II), (IV), (V). C. (III), (IV). D. (II), III, (IV), (V). Cu 9: Cho cc cht sau: CH2 =CH CH2 CH2 CH=CH2; CH2=CH CH=CH CH2 CH3; CH3 C(CH3)=CH CH2; CH2=CH CH2 CH=CH2; CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH2 CH3; CH3 C(CH3) = CH CH2 CH3; CH3 CH2 C(CH3) = C(C2H5) CH(CH3)2; CH3CH=CH-CH3. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 10: p dng qui tc Maccopnhicop vo trng hp no sau y? A. Phn ng cng ca Br2 vi anken i xng. C. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken i xng. B. Phn ng trng hp ca anken. D. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken bt i xng. Cu 11: Khi cho but-1-en tc dng vi dung dch HBr, theo qui tc Maccopnhicop sn phm no sau y l sn phm chnh? A.CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH2Br C. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH3 B. CH2Br-CH2-CH2-CH2Br D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Br Cu 12: Anken C4H8 c bao nhiu ng phn khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht?
2 4 0

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25

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 13: Cho hn hp tt c cc ng phn mch h ca C4H8 tc dng vi H2O (H+,to) thu c ti a bao nhiu sn phm cng? A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5 Cu 14: C bao nhiu anken th kh (kt) m khi cho mi anken tc dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht? A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 15: Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). B. propen v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). C. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). D. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). Cu 16: Anken thch hp iu ch ancol sau y (CH3 CH2)3C-OH l A. 3-etylpent-2-en. B. 3-etylpent-3-en. C. 3-etylpent-1-en. D. 3,3- imetylpent-1-en. Cu 17: Hirat ha hn hp X gm 2 anken thu c ch thu c 2 ancol. X gm A. CH2 = CH2 v CH2 = CH - CH3. B. CH2 = CH2 v CH3 - CH = CH - CH3. C. A hoc D. D. CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 v CH2 = CH - CH2 CH3. Cu 18: S cp ng phn cu to anken th kh (ktc) tho mn iu kin: Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol l A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 19: S cp ng phn anken th kh (kt) tho mn iu kin: Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol l A. 6. B. 7. C. 5. D. 8. Cu 20: Hp cht X c CTPT C3H6, X tc dng vi dung dch HBr thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Vy X l A. propen. B. propan. C. ispropen. D.xicloropan. Cu 21: Hai cht X,Y mch h c CTPT C3H6 v C4H8 v u tc dng c vi nc brom. X, Y l A. Hai anken hoc xicloankan vng 3 cnh. C. Hai anken hoc xicloankan vng 4 cnh. B. Hai anken hoc hai ankan. D. Hai anken ng ng ca nhau. Cu 22: C hai ng nghim, mi ng cha 1 ml dung dch brom trong nc c mu vng nht. Thm vo ng th nht 1ml hexan v ng th hai 1ml hex-1-en. Lc u c hai ng nghim, sau yn hai ng nghim trong vi pht. Hin tng quan st c l A. C s tch lp cc cht lng c hai ng nghim. B. Mu vng nht vn khng i ng nghim th nht C. ng nghim th hai c hai lp cht lng u khng mu. D. A,B,C u ng. Cu 23: Trng hp eten, sn phm thu c c cu to l A. (-CH2=CH2-)n . B. (-CH2-CH2-)n . C. (-CH=CH-)n . D. (-CH3-CH3-)n . Cu 24: iu ch etilen trong phng th nghim t C2H5OH, ( H2SO4 c, 170oC) thng ln cc oxit nh SO2, CO2. Cht dng lm sch etilen l A. dd brom d. B. dd NaOH d. C. dd Na2CO3 d. D.dd KMnO4 long d. Cu 25: Sn phm chnh ca s ehirat ha 2-metylbutan-2-ol l cht no ? A. 3-Metylbut-1-en. B. 2-Metylbut-1en. C. 3-Metylbut-2-en. D. 2-Metylbut2-en. Cu 26: Hp cht 2-metylbut-2-en l sn phm chnh ca phn ng tch t cht no trong cc cht sau? A. 2-brom-2-metylbutan. B. 2-metylbutan -2- ol. C. 3-metylbutan-2- ol. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 27: Oxi ho etilen bng dung dch KMnO4 thu c sn phm l
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. MnO2, C2H4(OH)2, KOH. C. K2CO3, H2O, MnO2. B. C2H5OH, MnO2, KOH. D. C2H4(OH)2, K2CO3, MnO2. Cu 27: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng A. ankin. B. ankan. C. ankaien. D. anken. Cu 28: Cc cht sau cht no lm mt mu dd brom? A. CH4 B. C2H4 C. C2H6 D. CO2 Cu 29: Anken khng tc dng vi cht no sau y? A. Cl2, H2 B. AgNO3\NH3 C. dd brom D. dd KMnO4 Cu 30: C th dng cht no sau y phn bit etan v etilen? A.dd brom trong CCl4 B. dd KMnO4 C. AgNO3\NH3 D. c A,B Cu 31: Nhm vinyl c cng thc l: A.CH2= CH B.CH2= CH2 C.CH2= CHD.CH2= CH-CH2Cu 32: Nhm anlyl c cng thc l: A.CH2= CHCH2 B.CH3CH2= CH2 C.CH2= CH-CH2. D.CH2= CH-CH2Cu 33: Cc anken cn c gi l: A.olefin B.parafin C.vadlin D.iolefin. Cu34: Sn phm trng hp etilen l : A.poli(etilen) B.polietilen C.poliepilen D.polipropilen Cu35: Sn phm trng hp propen l: A.-[CH2-CH(CH3)]n- B.-n(CH2-CH(CH3))- C.-(CH2-CH(CH3))n- D.-n[CH2-CH(CH3)]Cu36: Khi t chy anken ta thu c : A.s mol CO2 s mol nc. B.s mol CO2 <s mol nc C.s mol CO2> s mol nc D.s mol CO2 = s mol nc Cu37: Khi t chy hirocacbon A ta thu c s mol CO2 = s mol nc,A l : A.anken hoc xicloankan B.xicloankan hoc ankan C.monoxicloankan D.anken hoc monoxicloankan Cu38: Sn phm phn ng oxi ho etilen bng dung dch thuc tm l : A.HOCH2-CH2OH. B.KOOCH2-COOK. C.HOCH2-CHO. D.HOOCH2-COOH. Cu39: Sn phm phn ng oxi ho propilen bng dung dch thuc tm l : A.propan-1,1-iol B.propan-1,2-iol C.propan-1,3-iol D.propan-1,3-ial Cu 40: Trong phn ng oxi ho anken CnH2nbng dung dch thuc tm c tng h s cc cht lc cn bng l : A.15 B.16 C.17 D.18 Cu41:Trong phn ng oxi ho anken CnH2nbng dung dch thuc tm , h s KMnO4 lc cn bng l : A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 Cu42:Trong phng th nghim ,etilen c iu ch bng cch : A.tch hiro t ankan B.crckinh ankan C.tch nc t ancol D.a,b,c u ng. Cu43:Trong cng nghip ,etilen c iu ch bng cch: A.tch hiro t ankan B.crckinh ankan C.tch nc t ancol D.a,b u ng. Cu 44: Phn ng c trng ca anken l: A. Cng B. Tch C. Th D. Oxi ha Cu 45:Dy ng ng ca axetilen c cng thc chung l: A. CnH2n+2 (n>=2) B. CnH2n-2 (n>=1) C. CnH2n-2 (n>=3) D. CnH2n-2 (n>=2) Cu 46: Anken c cc ng phn: A. ng phn cu to C. ng phn hnh hc
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang C. C A,B D. V tr lin kt Cu 47: phn bit propan v propen ta dng: A. dd Brom B. Dd thuc tm C. Dd brom trong CCl4 D. C A,B,C Cu 48: Cht tc dng vi HCl to ra hai sn phm l: A. etilen B. But-2-en C. Isobutilen D. Propen Cu 49: but-1-en tc dng vi HCl to ra sn phm chnh l: A. 1-clobuten B. 1-clobutan C. 2-clobutan D.2-clobuten Cu 50: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-en. Dy gm cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H2 (d, xc tc Ni, t0), cho cng mt sn phm l A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en. B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en. C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en. D. 2-metylpropen, cis -but-2-en v xiclobutan. Cu 51: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 thu c 0,15 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l: A. 2,24. B. 3,36. C. 4,48. D. 1,68. Cu 52: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hm hp gm CH4, C4H10 v C2H4 thu c 0,14 mol CO2 v 0,23mol H2O. S mol ca ankan v anken trong hn hp ln lt l: A. 0,09 v 0,01. B. 0,01 v 0,09 C. 0,08 v 0,02 D. 0,02 v 0,08. Cu 53: Mt hn hp kh gm 1 ankan v 1 anken c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t v c cng s mol. Ly m gam hn hp ny th lm mt mu va 80 gam dung dch 20% Br2 trong dung mi CCl4. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp thu c 0,6 mol CO 2. Ankan v anken c cng thc phn t l: A. C2H6 v C2H4. B. C4H10 v C4H8 C. C3H8 v C3H6 D. C5H12 v C5H10. Cu 54: Chia hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4, C2H2 thnh hai phn u nhau. Phn 1: t chy hon ton thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). Phn 2: Hiro ho ri t chy ht th th tch CO2 thu c (ktc) l bao nhiu? A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt. Cu 55: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh H2 l: A. 12,9 B. 25,8 C. 22,2. D. 11,1 Cu 56: t chy hon ton 10ml hirocacbon X cn va 60ml kh Oxi, sau phn ng thu c 40ml kh cacbonic. Bit X lm mt mu dung dch brom v c mch cacbon phn nhnh. CTCT ca X: A. CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3. B. CH2 = C(CH3)2. C. CH2 = C(CH2)2 - CH3. D. (CH3)2C = CH - CH3. Cu 57: Cho 0,2 mol hn hp X gm etan, propan v propen qua dung dch brom d, thy khi lng bnh brom tng 4,2g. Lng kh cn li em t chy hon ton thu c 6,48g nc. Vy % th tch etan, propan v propen ln lt l A. 30%, 20%, 50%. B. 20%, 50%, 30%. C. 50%, 20%, 30%. D. 20%, 30%, 50%. Cu 58: Mt hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon A, B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. A, B ch c th l ankan hay anken. t chy 4,48 lt (kc) hn hp X thu c 26,4g CO2 v 12,6g H2O. Xc nh CTPT v s mol ca A, B trong hn hp X. A. 0,1 mol C3H8 v 0,1 mol C3H6. B. 0,2 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H4. C. 0,08 mol C3H8 v 0,12 mol C3H6. D. 0,1 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H4. Cu 59: Mt hn hp X gm 1 anken A v 1 ankin B, A v B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. X c khi lng l 12,4g, c th tch l 6,72 lt. Cc th tch kh o ktc. CTPT v s mol A, B trong hn hp X l A. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2. B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4. C. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4. D. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2.

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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Cu 60: Mt hn hp A gm 2 hirocacbon X, Y lin tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng. t chy 11,2 lt hn hp X thu c 57,2g CO2 v 23,4g CO2. CTPT X, Y v khi lng ca X, Y l A. 12,6g C3H6 v 11,2g C4H8 B. 8,6g C3H6v 11,2g C4H8 C. 5,6g C2H4 v 12,6g C3H6 D. 2,8g C2H4 v 16,8g C3H6 Cu 61: t chy hon ton 0,05 mol mt anken A thu c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc). Cho A tc dng vi dd HBr ch cho mt sn phm duy nht. CTCT ca A l A. CH2=CH2. B. (CH3)2C=C(CH3)2. C. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. CH3CH=CHCH3. Cu 62: Hn hp X gm propen l ng ng theo t l th tch 1:1. t 1 th tch hn hp X cn 3,75 th tch oxi (cng k). Vy B l A. Eten. B. Propan. C. Buten. D. Penten. Cu 63: m gam hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4 v C2H2 chy hon ton thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nu hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp trn ri t chy ht hn hp thu c V(l) CO 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 3,36. B. 2,24. C. 4,48. D. 1,12. Cu 64: t chy hon ton agam mt hn hp etan, propen, but-2-en, cn b lt oxi ktc, thu c 2,4 mol CO2 v 2,4 mol nc. Gi tr ca b l: A. 92,4 lt B. 94,2 lt C. 29,4 lt D. 16,4lt Cu 65: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc) A. CH4 v C2H4. B. CH4 v C3H4. C. CH4 v C3H6. D. C2H6 v C3H6. Cu 66: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol anken X thu c CO2 v hi nc. Hp th hon ton sn phm bng 100 gam dung dch NaOH 21,62% thu c dung dch mi trong nng ca NaOH ch cn 16,5%. Cng thc phn t ng ca X l A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 67: em t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip nhau thu c CO2 v nc c khi lng hn km nhau 6,76 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. C5H10 v C6H12. Cu 68: X, Y, Z la 3 hidrocacbon k tip trong day ng ng, trong o MZ = 2MX. t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol Y ri hp thu toan b san phm chay vao 2 lit dung dich Ba(OH)2 0,1M c mt lng kt tua la A. 19,7g. B. 39,4g. C. 59,1g. D. 9,85g. Cu 69: X la hn hp gm hirocacbon A va O2 (ti l mol tng ng 1:10). t chay hoan toan X c hn hp Y. Dn Y qua binh H SO4 c d c hn Z co ti khi so vi hiro la 19. A co 2 cng thc phn t la A. C2H6. B. C4H8. C C4H6. D. C3H6. Cu 70: X la hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon mach h. t chay X c nCO2 = nH2O. X co th gm A. 1ankan + anken. B. 1ankan + 1ankin. C. 2 anken. D. A hoc B hoc C. Cu 71: Hn hp X gm C3H8 va C3H6 co ti khi so vi hiro la 21,8. t chay ht 5,6 lit X (ktc) thi thu c bao nhiu gam CO2 va bao nhiu gam H2O? A. 33g va 17,1g. B. 22g va 9,9g. C. 13,2g va 7,2g. D. 33g va 21,6g. Cu 72: Hn hp X gm 2 anken kh phn ng va vi dung dch cha 48 gam brom. Mt khc t chy hon ton hn hp X dng ht 24,64 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l A. C2H4 v C3H6 B. C2H4 v C4H8 C. C3H6 v C4H8 D. A v B u ng Cu 73: Hin nay PVC c iu ch theo s sau:C2H4 CH2ClCH2Cl C2H3Cl PVC. Nu hiu sut ton b qu trnh t 80% th lng C2H4 cn dng sn xut 5000kg PVC l A. 280kg. B. 1792kg. C. 2800kg. D. 179,2kg. Cu 74: t chy mt s mol nh nhau ca 3 hirocacbon K, L, M ta thu c lng CO2 nh nhau v t l s mol nc v CO2 i vi s mol ca K, L, M tng ng l 0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5. CTPT ca K, L, M (vit theo th t tng ng) l
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. C2H4 , C2H6 , C3H4. B. C3H8 , C3H4 , C2H4.C. C3H4 , C3H6 , C3H8.D. C2H2 , C2H4 , C2H6. Cu 75: Thi 0,25 mol kh etilen qua 125ml dung dch KMnO4 1M trong mi trng trung tnh(hiu sut 100%) khi lng etylenglicol thu c bng A. 11,625g. B. 23,25g. C. 15,5g. D. 31g. Cu 76: kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,2M to thnh cht rn mu nu en cn V lt kh C2H4 ( ktc). Gi tr ti thiu ca V l A. 2,240. B. 2,688. C. 4,480. D. 1,344. Cu 77: Khi lng etilen thu c khi un nng 230g ru etylic vi H 2SO4 m c, hiu sut phn ng t 40% l A. 56g. B. 84g. C. 196g. D. 350g. Cu 78: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Z, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10. Cu 79: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H6. B. C4H8. C. C2H4. D. C5H10. Cu 80: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam. Cu 81: Khi tch nc t ru (ancol) 3-metylbutanol-1 (hay 3-metylbutan-2-ol), sn phm chnh thu c l A. 2-metylbuten-3 (hay 2-metylbut-3-en). B. 3-metylbuten-2 (hay 3-metylbut-2-en). C. 3-metylbuten-1 (hay 3-metylbut-1-en).D. 2-metylbuten-2 (hay 2-metylbut-2-en). Cu 82: X la hn hp C4H8 va O2 (ti l mol tng ng 1:10). t chay hoan toan X c hn hp Y. Dn Y qua binh H SO4 c d c hn Z. Ti khi ca Z so vi hiro la 2 A.18 B. 19. C. 20. D. 21. Cu 83: Vitamin A cng thc phn t C20H30O, co cha 1 vong 6 canh va khng co cha lin kt ba. S lin kt i trong phn t vitamin A l A. 7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 84: Licopen, cng thc phn t C40H56 la cht mau o trong qua ca chua, chi cha lin kt i va lin kt n trong phn t. Hiro hoa hoan toan licopen c hirocacbon C40H82. Vy licopen co A. 1 vong; 12 ni i. B. 1 vong ; 5 ni i. C. 4 vong; 5 ni i. D. mach h; 13 ni i. Cu 85: Anken X c c im: Trong phn t c 8 lin kt . CTPT ca X l A. C2H4. B. C4H8. C. C3H6. D. C5H10. Cu 86: Cho 3,36 lt hn hp etan v etilen (ktc) i chm qua qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng khi lng bnh brom tng thm 2,8g. S mol etan v etilen trong hn hp ln lt l A. 0,05 v 0,1. B. 0,1 v 0,05. C. 0,12 v 0,03. D. 0,03 v 0,12. Cu 87: 2,8 gam anken A lam mt mau va u dung dich cha 8g Br2. Hirat hoa A chi thu c mt ancol duy nht. A co tn la A. etilen. B. but - 2-en. C. hex- 2-en. D. 2,3-dimetylbut-2en. Cu 88: 0,05 mol hirocacbon X lam mt mau va u dung dich cha 8 gam brom cho ra san phm co ham lng brom at 69,56%. Cng thc phn t cua X la A. C3H6 . B. C4H8 C. C5H10. D. C5H8. Cu 89: Dn t t 8,4g hn hp X gm but-1-en v but-2-en li chm qua bnh ng dung dch Br2, khi kt thc phn ng thy c m gam brom phn ng. m c gi tr l A. 12g. B. 24g. C. 36g. D. 48g.

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30

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Cu 90: Hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng lin tip c th tch 4,48 lt ( ktc). Nu cho hn hp X i qua bnh ng nc brom d, khi lng bnh tng ln 9,8g. % th tch ca mt trong 2 anken l A. 50% B. 40% C. 70% D. 80%. Cu 91: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7g. CTPT ca 2 anken l A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. C5H10 v C6H12. Cu 92: Mt hn hp X c th tch 11,2 lt (ktc), X gm 2 anken ng ng k tip nhau. Khi cho X qua nc Br2 d thy khi lng bnh Br2 tng 15,4g. Xc nh CTPT v s mol mi anken trong hn hp X. A. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,3 mol C3H6 B. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C4H8 C. 0,4 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C3H6 D. 0,3 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C3H6 Cu 93: Mt hn hp X gm ankan A v anken B, A c nhiu hn B mt nguyn t cacbon, A v B u th kh ktc. Khi cho 6,72 lt kh X (ktc) i qua nc Brom d, khi lng bnh brom tng ln 2,8g; th tch kh cn li ch bng 2/3 th tch hn hp X ban u. CTPT ca A, B v khi lng ca hn hp X l A. C4H10 , C3H6; 5,8g. B. C3H8 , C2H4 ; 5,8g. C. C4H10 , C3H6 ; 12,8g. D. C3H8 , C2H4 ; 11,6g. Cu 94: Mt hn hp X gm ankan A v mt anken B c cng s nguyn t C v u th kh ktc. Cho hn hp X i qua nc Br2 d th th tch kh Y cn li bng na th tch X, cn khi lng Y bng 15/29 khi lng X. CTPT A, B v thnh phn % theo th tch ca hn hp X l A. 40% C2H6 v 60% C2H4 B. 50% C3H8 v 50% C3H6 C. 50% C4H10 v 50% C4H8 D. 50% C2H6 v 50% C2H4 Cu 95 : Hn hp X gm metan v 1 olefin. Cho 10,8 lt hn hp X qua dung dch brom d thy c 1 cht kh bay ra, t chy hon ton kh ny thu c 5,544g CO2. Thnh phn % v th tch metan v olefin trong hn hp X l A. 26.13% v 73.87%. B. 36.5% v 63.5%. C. 20% v 80%. D. 73.9% v 26.1%. Cu 96: Cho 8960ml (ktc) anken X qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh brom tng 22,4g. Bit X c ng phn hnh hc. CTCT ca X l A. CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3. B. CH3 - CH = CH - CH3. C. CH2 = CH - CH - CH2 - CH3. D. (CH3)2 C = CH2. Cu 97: a. Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l A. but-1-en. B. but-2-en. C. Propilen. D. Xiclopropan. b. Hirocacbon X cng HCl theo ti l mol 1:1 tao san phm co ham lng clo la 55,04%. X co cng thc phn t l A. C4H8. B. C2H4. C. C5H10. D. C3H6. Cu 98: Hn hp X gm metan v anken, cho 5,6 lt X qua dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 7,28g v c 2,688 lt kh bay ra (ktc). CTPT ca anken l A. C4H8 B. C5H10 C. C3H6 D. C2H4 Cu 99: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7g. CTPT ca 2 anken l A. C2H4 v C4H8. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. A hoc B. Cu 100: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (54,6oC; 0,8064 atm) gm 2 olefin li qua bnh dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 16,8g. CTPT ca 2 anken l (Bit s C trong cc anken khng vt qu 5) A. C2H4 v C5H10. B. C3H6 v C5H10. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. A hoc B. Cu 101: Cho hn hp X gm etilen v H2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 4,25. Dn X qua bt niken nung nng (hiu sut phn ng 75%) thu c hn hp Y. T khi ca Y so vi H2 (cc th tch o cng iu kin) l A. 5,23. B. 3,25. C. 5,35. D. 10,46.
T Ha Hc 31

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang Cu 102: Cho H2 v 1 olefin c th tch bng nhau qua Niken un nng ta c hn hp A. Bit t khi hi ca A i vi H2 l 23,2. Hiu sut phn ng hiro ho l 75%. Cng thc phn t olefin l A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 103: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l A. CH3-CH=CH-CH. B. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 C. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. CH2=CH2. Cu 104: Cho hn hp X gm anken v hiro c t khi so vi heli bng 3,33. Cho X i qua bt niken nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi heli l 4. CTPT ca X l A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 105: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 40%. Cu 106: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp eten, propen, but-2-en cn dng va b lt oxi ( ktc) thu c 2,4 mol CO2 v 2,4 mol nc. Gi tr ca b l A. 92,4 lt. B. 94,2 lt. C. 80,64 lt. D. 24,9 lt. Cu 107: Cho 10,2g hn hp kh A gm CH4 v 2 anken ng ng k tip qua dd nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng 7 gam, ng thi th tch kh gim i mt na. Ctpt 2 anken l: A. C2H4 v C3H6 B. C4H8 v C3H6 C.C5H10 v C4H8 D.C5H10 v C6H12 Cu 108: t chy hon ton agam mt hn hp etan, propen, but-1-en.thu c 1,2 mol CO2 v 1,2 mol nc. Gi tr ca a l: A. 18,8 B. 18,6 C. 16,8 D. 16,4 Cu 109: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7g. Thnh phn phn % v th tch ca hai anken l A. 25% v 75%. B. 33,33% v 66,67%.C. 40% v 60%. D. 35% v 65%. ANKIN L THUYT I.ng ng, ng phn, danh php: -Ankin l hidrocacbon khng no mch h c mt lin kt ba trong phn t -Cng thc tng qut ca dy ng ng axetylen CnH2n-2 (n 2) II. Tnh cht vt l: III. Tnh cht ha hc: 1.Phn ng cng: Cng hidro: Cng brom:
Br C2H5 C C C2H5 Br C Br C2H5

HC
HC

CH
CH

+
+

0 2H2 Ni,t

H3C
H2C

CH3
CH2

H2

Pd/PbCO3

Br2,-20 C C H 2 5

C Br

C Br

C2H5

Br2 C H 2 5

C Br

Cng hidroclorua:
HC CH

+ HCl
Cl

HgCl2 150-2000C

H2C

C H

Cl

vinylclorua

H2C

C H

+ HCl
HgSO4,H2SO4 800C

H3C

CHCl2

1,1-dicloetan

Cng nc:
HC CH

+ H-OH

H2C

C H

OH

H3C

C H

2. Phn ng dime, trime:

T Ha Hc 32

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang

2CH CH CH2=CH-CH=CH2 vinylaxetylen x t,t 3CH CH C6H6 benzen 3. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi: CH CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 Ag-C C-Ag + 2NH4NO3 4. Phn ng oxi ha:
x t,t 0
0

Oxi ha hon ton: CnH2n-2 +

3n 1 O2 2

nCO2 + (n-1) H2O

nCO2>nH2O nAnkin=nCO2-nH2O Oxi ha khng hon ton: 3CH CH + 8KMnO4 3(COOK)2 +2KOH + 8MnO2 + 2H2O IV. iu ch: 2CH4 1500 CH CH + 3H2 C H 2O C CaO + 3C O CaC2 Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 BI TP 1: Ankin l hidrocacbon: A. C dng CnH2n-2, mch h. B. C dng CnH2n-1, mch h. C. Mch h, c 1 lin kt ba trong phn t D. c A,C ng 2: Dy ng ng axetilen c cng thc chung l: A. CnH2n(n=>2) B. CnH2n+2(n=>2) C. CnH2n-1(n=>2) D. CnH2n-2(n=>2) 3: Cc ankin c ng phn v tr khi s cacbon trong phn t ln hn hoc bng: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 4: C5H8 c ng phn cu to l: A. 5 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 C-CH3-CH3 ; c tn gi l: 5: Theo IUPAC CH3-C A.etylmetylaxetilen B. pent-3-in C.pent-2-in D.pent-1-in C-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3 ; c tn gi l: 6: Theo IUPAC CH A.isobutylaxetilen B.2-metylpent-2-in C.4-metylpent-1-in D.4-metylpent-1,2-in 7:Theo IUPAC CH3-C C-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3 ; c tn gi l: A.4-imetylhex-1-in B. 4,5-imetylhex-1-in C. 4,5-imetylhex-2-in D. 2,3-imetylhex-4-in 8: Theo IUPAC CH3-CH(C2H5)-C C-CH(CH3)-CH2- CH2-CH3 ; c tn gi l: A.3,6-imetylnon-4-in B.2-etyl,5-metyloct-3-in C.7-etyl,6-metyloct-5-in D.5-metyl,2-etyloct-3-in C-CH(C2H5)-CH(CH3)-CH3 c tn gi l: 9: Ankin CH A.3-etyl,2-metylpent-4-in B.2-metyl,3-etylpent-4-in C.4-metyl,3-etylpent-1-in D.3-etyl,4-metylpent-1-in 10: Cu to c th c ca ankin C4H6 l: A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 11: Trong phn t axetilen lin kt ba gia 2 Cacbon gm: A.1 lin kt pi v 2 lin kt xich-ma B.2 lin kt pi v 1 lin kt xich-ma C. 3 lin kt pi D.3 lin kt xich-ma 12: Cc ankin bt u c ng phn mch cacbon khi s C trong phn t l: A. >=2 B. >=3 C. >=4 D. >=5 13: thc hin chuyn ha ankin thnh anken ta thc hin phn ng cng hidro iu kin xc tc: A. Ni, t0 B. Mn,t0 C. Pb/PdCO3 D. Pd/PdCO3 14: thc hin chuyn ha ankin thnh ankan ta thc hin phn ng cng hidro iu kin xc tc: A. Ni, t0 B. Mn,t0 C. Pb/PdCO3 D. Pd/PdCO3 15: phn bit ankan, anken, ankin ta dng thuc th duy nht l:
0

T Ha Hc

33

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. dd Brom B. AgNO3/ NH3 C. dd HCl D. dd Ca(OH)2 16: Ankin no khng tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 A. axetilen B. propin C. but-1-in D. but-2-in 17: phn bit but-1-in v but-2-in ta dng? A. dd KMnO4 B. dd brom C. dd HCl D. dd AgNO3/NH3 18: Hn hp gm 3 kh C2H2, C2H4, C2H6. tinh ch C2H2 ta cho hn hp qua dd: A. Brom B. KMnO4 C. AgNO3/NH3 v Br2 D. C A,B,C 19: Phn ng hp nc ca C2H2 c sn phm chnh l: A.CH3-CH-(OH)2 B. CH2=CH-OH C. CH3-CHO D. CH2OH-CH2OH 20: phn bit metan v axetilen ta dng : A. t chy B. Cho vo nc C. Cho vo NaOH D. dd Brom 21: phn bit etilen v axetilen ta dng : A. th pH B. Cho vo nc C. Cho vo NaOH D. dd AgNO3/NH3 22: Axetilen c th iu ch t cht no sau y? A. Nhit phn CH4 15000C B. Cho Al4C3 hp nc C. un natriaxetat vi vi ti xt D. Kh nc ca ru etilic 23: Cho cc cht (1)but-1-in (2)but-2-in (3)propin (4)but-1,3-iin.Cc cht c phn ng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta vng nht l: A.(1),(3),(4) B. (2),(3),(4) C. (1),(2),(3) D. (1),(2),(4) 24: HC CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 A + 2B .Vy A,B ln lt l: A. HC CAg ; NH3 B. AgC CAg ; NH3 C. AgC CAg ; NH4NO3 D. HC CAg ; NH4NO3 25: CH3-C CH +AgNO3 + NH3 A .Ct to ca A l: A. AgCH2-C CH B. AgCH2-C CAg C. CH3-C CAg D. CH3-CAg CAg 26: Cho A(C4H6)c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta vng nht .A l: A.But-2-in B. But-1-in C. But-2-en D. But-1-in CH + AgNO3 + NH3 A + B. A ,B ln lt l: 27: R-C A. R-C CAg B. R-C CAg ; NH4NO3 C. Ag ; NH4NO3 D. R-CAg=CAg ; NH4NO3 28: 1 cht hu c A + [Ag(NH3)2](OH)2 to ra kt ta vy A l: A.anehyt B.axit cacboxylic C.ank-1-in D.anehyt hoc ank-1in 29: 1 Cht hu c B + AgNO3 + NH3 vng nht.Vy B thuc loi hp cht: A. anehyt B.HCOOR C.ankin D.ank-1-in 30: Ankin cng vi brom xy ra hai giai on,mun phn ng dng li giai on 1 ta tin hnh phn ng nhit : A. thp B. cao C. trung bnh D. rt cao 31:Dietylaxetilen tc dng vi nc Brom nhit thp to ra sn phm: A.3,3,4,4-tetrabromhexan B.3,4-ibromhex-3-en C.3,4-ibromhex-2-en D. 3,3,4,4-tetrabromheptan 32: Cho but-2-in tc dng vi nc brom d ta thu c sn phm l: A.2,3-ibrombut-2-in B.2,3-ibrombut-2-in C.1,2,3,4-tetrabrombutan D.2,2,3,3-tetrabrombutan 33:Cho axetilen tc dng vi HCl trong iu kin c xc tc HgCl2 150-200oC,ta thu c sn phm cng l: A.vinylclorua B.etylclorua C.1,2-icloetan D.1,1-icloetan 34: Cho axetilen tc dng vi HCl trong iu kin khng c xc tc,ta thu c sn phm cng l: A.vinylclorua B.etylclorua C.1,2-icloetan D.1,1-icloetan 35: Phn ng cng nc vo propin trong iu kin c xc tc HgSO 4/H2SO4 80oC to ra sn phm:
T Ha Hc 34

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A.CH3CH2CHO B.CH3COCH3 C.CH3-C(OH)=CH2 D.CH3-CH=CH2-OH 36: Cho axetilen tc dng vi H2O A.Vy cu to ca A : A.CH3CHO B.CH2=CH-OH C.CH3CH2OH D.CH3COOH C-CH3 cng nc (HgSO4/H2SO4 /80 oC) to ra sn phm: 37: CH3-C A. CH3-CH=C(OH)-CH3 B. CH3CH2CH2CHO C.CH3-CO-CH2CH3 D. CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-OH 38: Trong iu kin thch hp v xc tc v nhit ,axetilen tham gia phn ng nh hp to ra: A.buta-1,3-ien B.buta-1,3-in C.Vinylaxetilen D.xiclobuten o 39: Trong iu kin thch hp (C;600 C),axetilen tham gia phn ng tam hp to thnh phn t: A.stiren B.benzen C.toluen D.hexen 40: Propin tham gia phn ng tam hp to ra sn phm: A.1,2,3-trimetylbenzen B. 2,4,6-trimetylbenzen C. 1,3,5-trimetylbenzen D.etyl,metylbenzen 41: Trong iu kin thch hp pent-2-in tam hp thnh sn phm: A.1,2,3-trietyl-4,5,6-trimetylbenzen B. 1,2,4-trietyl-3,5,6-trimetylbenzen C. 1,3,5-trietyl-2,4,6-trimetylbenzen D. 4,5,6-trimetyl-1,2,3-trietyl-benzen 42: Axetilen + CH3COOH (xt) A.Vy A l: A.etylaxetat B.vinylaxetat C.etilenglicol D.metylacrylat o 43: Etin + C2H5OH (xt ,t ) B.Vy B l: A.etylvinylete B. etylvinyleste C. vinyletylete D. vinyletyleste 44: Axetilen + A vinylaxetat.Vy A l: A.ancoletylic B.anehytaxetic C.axit axetic D.ancolvinylic 45: Axetilen + B etylvinylete.Vy B l: A. anehytaxetic B. axit axetic C. ancolvinylic D. ancoletylic 46: t chy hon ton 1 ankin ta c : A. S mol CO2 < H2O B. S mol CO2 > H2O C.nCO2 = nH2O + 1 D. nCO2 = nH2O - 1 47: t chy a mol ankin b mol CO2 v c mol H2O.Quan h gia a,b,c l: A.b>c v a= b-c B. b<c v a= b-c C. b>c v a= b+c D. b>c v a= c-b 48: Cho s : C2H2 ABCH3COOH A,B ln lt l: A.etilen;etanal B.etanal;etanol C.etilen;etanol D.ABC u ng 49: Cho s : CaC2 ABCH3CHO A,B ln lt l: A.C2H2;CH2=CH2 B. C2H2;CH2=CHCl C. C2H2;CH3-CHCl2 D.ABC u ng 50: Cho axetilen + HCN sn phm A.Vy A c cu to l: A.CH3CH2CN B.HC C-CN C.CH2=CH-CN D.CN- C C-CN 51: Cho s propin A + dd KMnO4 B . A,B ln lt l: A.propen;propan-1,2-iol B.propen; propan-1,3-iol C. propan-1,3-iol; propen D. propan-1,2-iol; propen 52: phn bit propan;propen;propin ta dng 1 thuc th l: A. dd AgNO3/NH3 B. dd Brom C. dd NaOH D. dd HCl 53: tch C2H2;C2H6 ra khi hn hp ca chng ta ln lt thc hin phn ng vi cc cht : A. dd AgNO3/NH3; dd HCl B. dd HCl ;dd AgNO3/NH3 C.dd Br2 ;Zn D. Zn ;dd Br2 54: Ankin A c cng thc (C4H7)n .Cng thc phn t ca A l: A.C12H21 B.C5H8 C.C8H10 D.C8H14 55: Axetilen c iu ch bng cch: A.nhit phn kh metan B.cho t n hp nc C. hiroho etilen D. ABC u ng. 56: Phn ng no ca axetilen c dng trong hn ct kim loi?
T Ha Hc 35

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A.cng nc B.t chy trong oxi khng kh. C.cng H2 D. t chy trong oxi nguyn cht. 57: Hm lng axetilen trong khng kh c th gy chy n l: A.1,5% B.2,5% C.3.5% D.4,5% 58: Cch n gin c th phn bit etan,etilen,etin bng 1 thuc th l: A.Br2 B.Cl2 C.H2 D. AgNO3/NH3 59: ng vi cng thc C6H10 c bao nhiu cu to ankin? A.5 B.6 C.7 D.8 60: phn bit but-2-in v buta-1,3-ien ta dng 1 thuc th l: A.Br2 B.Cl2 C.H2 D. AgNO3/NH3 61: Ngn la n x oxi-axetilen dng trong hn v ct kim loi c th t ti nhit : A.1000oC B. 2000oC C. 3000oC D. 4000oC 62: Ankin A p vi dd KMnO4 /KOH theo phng trnh: A + KMnO4 + KOH CH3COOK + K2CO3 + MnO2 + H2O Vy A l: A.axetilen B.propin C.but-1-in D.but-2-in AgNO 3/ NH 3 HCl 63: A(C3H4) B D B;D ln lt l: CAg;AgCl A. CH3-C B. AgCH2-C CAg;AgCl C. CH3-C CAg;Ag D. AgCl; AgCH2-C CAg 64: Dy cc cht u c phn ng vi axetilen ( iu kin thch hp) l: A.H2O, AgNO3/NH3, Br2, C2H2, H2 B.H2O, NaOH, Br2, C2H2 C.H2O, Br2, H2, CaO, KMnO4 D.Br2, H2, HCl, CH3COOH, NaOH 65: A (C2H4) + Cl2 sp B (c ng phn cis trans). Vy B l: A.CHCl2 CHCl2 B.CH2Cl CH2Cl C.CH3CHCl2 D.CHCl = CHCl 66: Cng thc tng qut ca mi hidrocacbon l CnH2n+2-2k. Gi tr ca hng s k cho bit: A.S lin kt pi B.S vong no C.S lin kt i D.S lin kt pi + vng no 67: Cng thc tng qut ca hidrocacbon mch h l CnH2n+2-2a. Gi tr ca a cho bit: A.S vng no B.S lin kt pi C.S lin kt i D.S lin kt pi hoc lin kt i. 68: Cho cng thc CnH2n+2-2k. ng vi ankin th gi tr ca n v k phi tha mn: A. n 1, k 2 B. n 1, k 1 C. n 2, k 2 D. n 2, k 3 69: A c dng CnH2n+2-2k. A l anken th gi tr ca n v k phi tha mn: A. n 2, k 2 B. n 2, k 1 C. n 2, k 0 D. n 1, k 2 70:A,B l hai ankin ng ng th kh, trong iu kin thng t khi B so vi A l 1,35. Vy A,B l: A. etin v propin B. etin v butin C. propin v butin D. propin v petin 71:Ankin A cha 11,11% H v khi lng. Vy A l: A. etin B. propin C. butin D. petin 72:Ankin B c cha 90% C v khi lng, mch thng, tc dng c vi bc nitrat trong mi trng amonac. Vy B l: A. axtilen B. propin C. but-1-in D. but-2-in 73: Mt hn hp X gm 1 g propin v 2,7 g ankin B(C4H6) tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 d to 3,675 g kt ta.Vy B l: A.but-1-in B.but-2-in C.ivinyl D. but-1-in hoc but-2in 74: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol ankin A 0,4 mol H2O.Hiro ho hon ton 0,2 mol ankin A ri t ht sn phm to thnh thu c a mol H2O.Gi tr ca A l: A.0,8 B.0,6 C.1,25 D.2,5 75: t chy V(l) (ktc) mt ankin A 21,6 g H2O.Nu cho ton b sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo bnh ng dd nc vi trong ly d ,th khi lng bnh tng 100,8 g .V c gi tr l:
T Ha Hc 36

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A.6,72l B.4,48l C.3,36l D.13,44l 76: t chy V(l) (ktc) mt ankin th kh thu c CO2 v H2O c tng khi lng bng 50,4 g.Nu cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th thu c 90 g kt ta.V c gi tr l: A.6,72l B.4,48l C.3,36l D.13,44l 77: t chy hon ton 4 g ankin A 6,72 l CO2 (ktc) v 3,6 ml H2O(lng).Cng thc phn t A l: A.C2H2 B. C3H4 C. C4H6 D. C5H8 78: Ankin B (mch thng)c t khi i vi H2 l 17,khng phn ng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 .Vy B l: A.but-1-in B.but-2-in C.butin-1 D.1-butin 79: t chy ht 5,4 g Hirocacbon X(CnH2n-2) thu c 0,4 mol CO2 v 0,3 mol H2O.X tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta vng nht.Vy X l: A.But-1-in B.but-2-in C.buta-1,2-ien D. buta-1,3-ien 80: Cho 1,3 g ankin A cht kh k thng tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 to 12 g kt ta vng nht.Vy CTPT ca A l: A.C2H2 B.C3H6 C.C3H4 D.C4H8 81: Cho 2 g ankin B cht kh k thng tc dng vi dd AgNO 3/NH3 to 7,35 g kt ta vng nht.Vy CTPT ca B l: A.C2H2 B.C3H6 C.C3H4 D.C4H8 82: t chy hon ton 2 ankin k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ri dn sn phm qua dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c 50 g kt ta .Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankin l: A.C2H2 v C3H4 B. C3H4 v C4H6 C. C4H6 v C5H8 D. C5H8 v C6H10 83: Cho 13,2 g hn hp 2 ankin A v B k tip nhau trong dy ng ng;M A <MB phn ng ti a vi dd cha 0,8 mol Br2 .Cng thc phn t ca A;B ln lt l: A. C3H4 v C4H6 B. C2H2 v C3H4 C. C4H6 v C5H8 D. C5H8 v C6H10 84: A l 1 ankin ng trc B trong dy ng ng .Hn hp kh gm 2 g A v 5,4 g B c th tch 3,36 lt(ktc).Cng thc phn t ca A;B ln lt l: A.C2H2 v C3H4 B. C3H4 v C4H6 C. C4H6 v C5H8 D. C5H8 v C6H10 85:Cho1.6 g hn hp propin v ankin B(C4H6) tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 (d)to 3,675 g kt ta vng nht.Vy CTPT ca B l: A.but-1-in B.but-2-in C.butin-1 D.butin-2 86: Cho 1 lng ankin lng k thng vo bnh ng dd AgNO 3/NH3 d sau phn ng khi lng bnh tng thm 20,5 g v c 47,25 g kt ta .Cng thc phn t ca ankin l: A.C3H4 B.C4H6 C.C5H8 D.C6H10 87: P.V.C c iu ch theo s C2H2 C2H3Cl P.V.C iu ch 31,25 kg P.V.C(hiu sut chung ca qu trnh iu ch t 80%)th lng C2H2 cn dng l: A.13kg B.26kg C.16,52 kg D.16,25kg 88: P.V.C iu ch theo s : C2H2 C2H3Cl P.V.C Hiu sut chung ca qu trnh iu ch t 80%)th lng P.V.C thu c l: A.10kg B.12,5kg C.15,625kg D.31,5kg 89: 1 g ankin A c s C>= 3tc dng vi dd AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 3,675 g kt ta .Cng thc phn t ca ankin l: A.C3H4 B.C4H6 C.C5H8 D.C6H10 90: Hin nay PVC c iu ch theo s sau: C 2H4 CH2Cl CH2Cl V.C PVC.Nu hiu sut t 80% th lng PVC thu c t 280kg etilen l: A.50kg B.500kg C.55kg D.781,25kg 91: Hin nay PVC c iu ch theo s sau: C2H4 CH2Cl CH2Cl C2H3Cl PVC.Nu hiu sut t 80% th lng C2H4 cn dng sn xut 5000kg PVC l:
T Ha Hc 37

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A.28kg B.1792kg C.2800kg D.179,2kg 92: Trn 300ml hn hp hidrocacbon (X) vi 500ml oxi (d) ri t chy thu c 750ml hn hp kh v hi. Lm lnh hn hp cn li 650ml, tip tc cho qua dung dch KOH d cn li 450ml. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A.C2H2 B.C2H4 C.C2H6 D.C3H6 93: A(C4H2) c cha 1 lin kt n C C , tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta. Cho 2,3kg A tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 d to ra m(g) kt ta. Gi tr ca m l: A.11000 B.12000 C.13000 D.13050 94: t chy hon ton 100ml A(CxHy) trong mt lng oxi va thu c 500ml hn hp kh v hi. Lm lnh hi cn li 300ml (cc th tch kh cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca A l: A.C3H4 B.C3H6 C.C2H2 D.C4H2 95: t chy hon ton 1 cht hu c A ch thu c sn phm gm CO 2 v H2O. T khi hi ca A i vi CH4 l 1,625. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A.C2H4 B.C2H6 C.C2H2 D.C4H2 96: S ng phn cu to tha mn iu kin: c mt ni ba, cng thc phn t l C 6H10, mch di nht c cha 5 cacbon l: A.3 B.6 C.4 D.5 97: S ng phn cu to tha mn iu kin: c mt ni ba, cng thc phn t l C 6H10, mch di nht c cha ot61i a 5 cacbon l: A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 98: 0,1mol A(CxHy), cht kh iu kin thng, chy hon ton to 0,3 mol H 2O, phn ng vi Br2 theo t l 1 : 2. A l: A.C2H6 B.C3H6 C.C4H6 D.Butin 99: A(CxHy). 2,7g A c th tch bng th tch ca 0,8g CH4 250C, 740mmHg. A l: A.C2H2 B.C2H6 C.C3H6 D.C4H6 100: Cho a(g) CaC2 + H2O (d) V(lit) kh v dung dch A. trung ha dung dch A cn va dung dch cha 0,2 mol HCl 1. Gi tr ca V (ktc) l: A.1,12 (l) B.2,24 (l) C.3,36 (l) D.4,48 (l) 2. Gi tr ca a bng: A.6,4g B.10g C.12,8g D.18,2g C ,600o C 101: Cho 20 g CaC2 + H2O(d) Kh A 4,68 g benzenBit hiu sut phn ng to benzen l 60%. tinh khit t n l: A.90% B.92% C.94% D.96% 102: t chy 2 ankin A,B k tip thu c V hi H2Ogp 0,6 ln th tch CO2 cng k.Cng thc A,B ln lt l: A.C2H2 v C3H4 B. C3H4 v C4H6 C. C4H6 v C5H8 D.C4H6 v C3H4 103: Cho h hp gm 2 ankin C2H2 a mol v C3H4 b mol.Tnh gi tr s C trung bnh ca 2 ankin trn: A.2,5 B.2a+3b C.(2a+3b)/5 D.(2a+3b)/(a+b) 104: Cho 2 HC CxHy(amol) v CnHm (b mol).S H trung bnh ca 2 HC trn l: A.(y+m)/2 B.ay+bm C.(ay+bm)/(x+n) D.(ay+bm)/(a+b) o 105: 50 g t n cng nc 18,5 lt C2H2 (20 C;740mmHg).Hiu sut 100%(c tp cht).% tp cht c trong t n l: A.92% B.29% C.8% D.95% 106: Phn tch 0,02 mol A (cha C v Ag)ta c 17,6 g CO 2 v 5,74 g AgCl.Cng thc phn t ca A l: A.C2Ag2 B.C3H3Ag C. C3H4Ag D. C3H2Ag2 107 Cho 2 ankin A;B c MA < MB.T khi hi ca B i vi A l 1,35.Vy A,B ln lt l: A.axetilen;propin B.propin;axetilen C.butin;propin D.propin;butin
T Ha Hc 38

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 108: Dn 8,1g hn hp X gm but-1-in v but-2-in li qua bnh ng dd Brom d, thy c m gam dd brom b mt mu. M c gi tr l: A. 16 B. 32 C. 48 D. kqk 109: Dn 17,4g hn hp X gm propin v but-2-in li tht chm qua dd bc nitrat trong mi trng amoniac. Thy c 44,1g kt ta. %V ca propin v but-2-in ln lt l: A. 80%-20% B. 25%-75% C. 68,96%-31,04% D. kqk 110: Hn hp X (propan, propen, propin) c t khi hi so vi hidro l 21,2.t chy ht 0,1 mol X thu c tng khi lng CO2 v nc l: A. 20,4g B. 18,96g C. 16,8g D. 18,6g 111:t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp X ( etin v 1 hidrocacbon A) thu c 2 lt CO 2 v 2 lt nc cng iu kin. Ctpt A l: A. C2H6 B. C2H4 C.C2H2 D. C2H3 BENZEN L THUYT I. ng ng, ng phn, danh php: ng ng ca benzen c cng thc chung: CnH2n-6 (n 6) Benzen c ng phn v mch cacboon II. Tnh cht vt l: Benzen v ng ng l nhng cht khng mu, khng tan trong nc, benzen v toluen c mi thm nh.Chng hn benzen c hi cho sc khe. III. Tnh cht ha hc: 1.Phn ng th H trn vng benzen:
H Br

Phn ng halogen ha:

CH3

+ Br2

Fe

+ HBr

CH3 Br

+ HBr

+ Br2

Fe

o-bromtoluen 41%
CH3

+ HBr

p-bromtoluen
Br

59%

Phn ng nitro ha:

H NO2

HNO3

H2SO4

+ H2O

CH3 NO2 CH3

o-nitrotoluen 58%
CH3

HNO3 H2SO4

p-nitrtoluen 42%

NO2

Khi vng benzen c sn cc nhm CH3, -OH, -NH2, -OCH3 u tin th vo v tr o v p Khi vng benzen c sn cc nhm NO2, -COOH, -SO3H u tin th vo v tr m
T Ha Hc 39

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 2.Phn ng th H trn nhnh:

0 CH3 + Br2 t

CH2Br

+ HBr

3.Phn ng cng: -Cng hidro:

+ 3H2 Ni, t0 xiclohexan

-Cng clo:
Cl + 3H2 nh sng Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl hexancloran

4. Phn ng oxi ha: -Benzen khng lm mt mu KMnO4 -Toluen lm mt mu KMnO4

CH3 + 2KMnO4 t0 COOK + 2MnO2 + KOH + H2O

-Phn ng oxi ha hon ton: CnH2n-6 + STIREN Cng thc phn t: C8H8 Cng thc cu to: Tnh cht: -Stiren lm mt mu dd brom: -Cng vi hidro:
H2C CH3 + H2 t0,p,xt +3H2

3n 3 O2 nCO2 +(n-3) H2O 2

C CH2 H
Br Br C CH2 H

C CH2 H

Br2

H2C CH3 t0,p,xt

-Phn ng trng hp:

HC CH2 n t0,p,xt H H2 C C n

NAPHTALEN Cng thc phn t: C10H8 Cng thc cu to: Tnh cht: Phn ng th:
Br + Br2 xt, t0 + HBr 1-bromnaphtalen

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40

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang

NO2 HNO3 H2SO4 t0 + H2O 1-nitonaphtalen

Phn ng cng hidro:

2H2 xt, t0 tetralin 3H2 xt, t0 decalin

BI TP 1. Trong phn t benzen: A.6 nguyn t H v 6 C u nm trn 1 mt phng. B.6 nguyn t H nm trn cng 1 mt phng khc vi mp ca 6 C C.Ch c 6 C nm trong cng 1 mt phng. D. Ch c 6 H mm trong cng 1 mt phng. 2. Cho cc CT :
H

(1) (2) (3) Cu to no l ca benzen: A.(1) v (2) B.(1) v (3) C.(2) v (3) D.(1) ; (2) v (3) 3. Dy ng ng ca benzen c cng thc chung l: A.CnH2n+6 ; n>=6 B. CnH2n-6 ; n>=3 C. CnH2n-6 ; n=<6 D. CnH2n-6 ; n>=6 4. Cho cc cht C6H5CH3 (1), p-CH3C6H4C2H5 (2), C6H5C2H3 (3), o-CH3C6H4CH3 (4) Dy gm cc cht l ng ng ca benzen l: A.(1);(2) v (3) B.(2);(3) v (4) C.(1);(3) v (4) D.(1);(2) v (4)
CH3

CH3 5. Cho cu to sau:C tn gi g sau y: A.o-xilen B.m-xilen C.p-xilen D.1,5-imetylbenzen 6. CH3C6H2C2H5 c tn gi l: A.etyl,metylbenzen B. metyl,etylbenzen C.p-etyl,metylbenzen D.p-metyl,etylbenzen 7. (CH3)2CHC6H5 c tn gi l: A.propylbenzen B.n-propylbenzen C.i-propylbenzen D.imetylbenzen 8. Ankylbenzen l HC c cha A.vng benzen B.gc ankyl v vng benzen C.gc ankyl v 1 benzen D.gc ankyl 9. iu no sau u khng ng kh ni v 2 v tr trn 1 vng benzen: A. v tr 1,2 gi l ortho B.1,4-para C.1,3-meta D.1,5-ortho 10. t chy 16,2 g 1 cht hu c (A) thu c 1,2 mol CO 2 ; 0,9 mol H2O. 150 < MA < 170.Cng thc phn t ca A l: A.C8H10 B.C9H12 C.C10H14 D. C12H18 11.Mt ankylbenzen A (C12H18)cu to c tnh i xng cao.A l: A.1,3,5-tri etylbenzen B. 1,2,4-tri etylbenzen C. 1,2,3-tri metylbenzen D. 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaetylbenzen 12. C7H8 c s ng phn thm l: A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 13. A l ng ng ca benzen c cng thc nguyn l: (C3H4)n. Cng thc phn t ca A l:

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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A.C3H4 B.C6H8 C.C9H12 D. C12H16 14. ng vi cng thc C9H12 c bao nhiu ng phn c cu to cha vng benzen? A.6 B.7 C.8 D.9 15. Mt ankylbenzen A c cng thc C9H12, cu to c tnh i xng cao. Vy A l: A.1, 2, 3 trimetyl benzen B.n propyl benzen C.iso- propyl benzen D.1, 3, 5 trimetyl benzen 16. Cc cht benzen, toluen, etyl benzen c nhit nng chy: A.bng nhau B.C6H6 < C6H5CH3 < C6H5C2H5 C.C6H6 > C6H5CH3 > C6H5C2H5 D.C6H6 < C6H5CH3 = C6H5C2H5 17. Tnh cht no sau y khng phi ca ankyl benzen A.Khng mu sc B.Khng mi v C.Khng tan trong nc D.Tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c 18. Tnh cht no khng phi ca benzen? A.Tc dng vi dung dch Br2 (Fe) B.Tc dng vi HNO3 /H2SO4() C.Tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4 D.Tc dng vi Cl2 (as) 19. Tnh cht no khng phi ca toluen? A.Tc dng vi dung dch Br2 (Fe) B.Tc dng vi Cl2 (as) C.Tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4, t0 D. Tc dng vi dung dch Br2 20. So vi benzen, toluen + ddHNO3/H2SO4 (): A.D hn, to ra o nitro toluen v p nitro toluen B.Kh hn, to ra o nitro toluen v p nitro toluen C.D hn, to ra o nitro toluen v m nitro toluen D.D hn, to ra m nitro toluen v p nitro toluen 21. Toluen + Cl2 (as) xy ra phn ng: A.Cng vo vng benzen B.Th vo vng benzen, d dng hn C.Th nhnh, kh khn hn CH4 D.Th nhnh, d dng hn CH4 22. Tin hnh th nghim cho nitro benzen tc dng vi HNO3/H2SO4 (), nng ta thy: A.Khng c phn ng xy ra B.Phn ng d hn benzen, u tin v tr meta C.Phn ng kh hn benzen, u tin v tr meta D.Phn ng kh hn benzen, u tin v tr ortho 23. Dy cc nhm th lm cho phn ng th vo vng benzen d dng hn v u tin v tr o- v pl: A.CnH2n+1, -OH, B.OCH3, -NO2 C.CH3, COOH D.NO2, -COOH, -SO3H 24. Dy gm cc nhm th lm cho phn ng th vo vng benzen d dng hn v u tin v tr ml: A.-CnH2n+1, -OH B.OCH3, -NO2 C.CH3, -COOH D.NO2, -COOH, -SO3H 25. iso-propyl benzen cn gi l: A.Toluen B.Stiren C.Cumen D.Xilen 26. Phn ng no sau y khng xy ra: A.Benzen + Cl2 (as) B.Benzen + H2 (Ni, t0) C.Benzen + Br2 (dd) D.Benzen + HNO3 /H2SO4() 27. Cho benzen + Cl2 (as) ta thu c dn xut clo A. Vy A l: A.C6H5Cl B.p-C6H4Cl2 C.C6H6Cl6 D.m-C6H4Cl2 Ni ,t o 28. A + 4 H2 etyl xiclo hexan. Cu to ca A l: A.C6H5CH2CH3 B.C6H5CH3 C.C6H5CH2CH=CH2 D.C6H5CH=CH2 Ni ,t o 29. B + 3H2 etyl benzen. B l: A. etyl benzen B. metyl benzen C. vinyl benzen D. ankyl benzen 30. phn bit benzen, toluen, stiren ta ch dng 1 thuc th duy nht l:
T Ha Hc 42

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A.Brom (dd) B.Br2 (Fe) C.KMnO4 (dd) D.Br2 (dd) hoc KMnO4(dd) 31. Hin tng g xy ra khi cho brom lng vo ng nghim cha benzen, lc ri yn? A. Dd brom b mt mu B. Kh tham gia phn ng cng C. C kh thot ra D. Dd brom khng b mt mu 32.Hin tng g xy ra khi nung nng toluen vi dd thuc tm? A. Dd thuc tm khng mt mu B. Si bt kh C. C kt ta trng D. Dd thuc tm b mt mu 33. Tnh cht no khng phi ca benzen? A.D th B.Kh cng C.Bn vi cht oxi ha D.Km bn vi cc cht oxi ha xt ,t o 34. A toluen + 3H2. Vy A l: A.metyl xiclo hexan B.metyl xiclo hexen C.n-hexan D.n-heptan 35. Benzen + X etyl benzen. Vy X l A.axetilen B.etilen C.etyl clorua D.etan xt ,t o 36. C6H6 + Y etyl benzen + HCl. Vy Y l: A.CH2ClCH2Cl B.CH2=CHCl C.CH3CH2Cl D.CH2=CH-CH2Cl 37. ng dng no benzen khng c: A.Lm dung mi B.Tng hp monome C.Lm nhin liu D.Dng trc tip lm dc phm 38. Thuc n TNT c iu ch trc tip t A.benzen B.metyl benzen C.vinyl benzen D.p-xilen 39. Cht no sau y c th cha vng benzen: A.C10H16 B.C9H14BrCl C.C8H6Cl2 D. C7H12 40. Cu to ca 4-cloetylbenzen l:
C2H5
C2H5

C2H5
C2H5 Cl

Cl A. B. C. D. 41. ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10 c bao nhiu cu to cha vng benzen? A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 42.Cht no sau y khng th cha vng benzen A.C8H10 B. C6H8 C. C8H10 D. C9H12 43. Phn ng chng minh tnh cht no;khng no ca benzen ln lt l: A.th,cng B.cng,nitro ho C.chy,cng D.cng,brom ho 44. phn bit c cc cht Hex-1-in,Toluen,Benzen ta dng 1 thuc th duy nht l: A. dd AgNO3/NH3 B.dd Brom C.dd KMnO4 D.dd HCl 45. D phn bit d dng Hex-1-in,Hex-1-en,benzen ta ch dng 1 thuc th duy nht l: A. dd Brom B. dd AgNO3/NH3 C.dd [Ag(NH3)2]OH D.dd HCl 46. Phn ng no sau y khng dng iu ch Benzen: A.tam hp axetilen B.kh H2 ca xiclohexan C.kh H2,ng vng n-hexan D.tam hp etilen 47. Phn ng Benzen tc dng vi clo to C6H6Cl6 xy ra trong iu kin: A. c bt Fe xc tc B .c nh snh khuych tn C.c dung mi nc D.c dung mi CCl4 48. Phn ng no khng iu ch c Toluen? AlCl3 ;t o A.C6H6 + CH3Cl B. kh H2,ng vng benzen C.kh H2 metylxiclohexan D.tam hp propin 49. Gc C6H5-CH2- c tn gi l: A.Phenyl B.Vinyl C.anlyl D.benzyl
Cl
Cl

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43

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 50.Stiren khng phn ng c vi nhng cht no sau y: A.dd Br2 B.kh H2 ,Ni,to C.dd KMnO4 D.dd NaOH 51. Cho cc cht (1)benzen ; (2) toluen; (3)xiclohexan;(4)hex-5-trien; (5)xilen;(6) Cumen Dy gm cc HC thm l: A.(1);(2);(3);(4) B. (1);(2);(5;(6) C. (2);(3);(5) ;(6) D. (1);(5);(6);(4) trung / hop 52. Cho phn ng A 1,3,5-trimetylbenzen .A l: A.axetilen B.metyl axetilen C.etyl axetilen D.imetyl axetilen 53. Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon CnH2n+2-2a.i vi stiren ,gi tr ca n v a ln lt l: A. 8 v 5 B.5 v 8 C.8 v 4d D.4 v 8 54. Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon CnH2n+2-2a.i vi naptalen ,gi tr ca n v a ln lt l: A.10 v 5 B.10 v 6 C.10 v 7 D.10 v 8 55. Benzen A o-brom-nitrobenzen.Cng thc ca A l: A.nitrobenzen B.brombenzen C.aminobenzen D.o-ibrombenzen 56. C2H2 A B m-brombenzen .A v B ln lt l: A.benzen ; nitrobenzen B.benzen,brombenzen C.nitrobenzen ; benzen D. nitrobenzen; brombenzen 57. Phn ng ng trng hp gia stiren v buta-1,3-ien to ra sn phm l: A.cao su buna B.cao su buna-N C.cao su buna-S D.cao su isopren 58. t chy hon ton 10,8g mt ankyl benzen A thu c 39,6g CO 2. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A.C6H6 B.C8H8 C.C8H10 D.C9H12 59. t chy 10,8g A (CxHy) 10,8g H2O. A c cha 1 vng benzen. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A.C3H4 B.C6H8 C.C9H12 D.C12H16 60.Cho benzen vo 1 l ng Cl2 d ri a ra asng .Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 5,82 kg benzen.Tn ca sn phm v khi lng benzen tham gia phn ng l: A.clobenzen;1,56kg B.hexacloxiclohexan;1,65kg C.hexacloran;1,56kg D.hexaclobenzen;6,15kg 61. t chy hon ton 12 g cht hu c A , ng ng ca benzen thu c 20,16 lt CO2 (ktc) Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C9H12 B. C8H10 C. C7H8 D. C10H14 62. t chy hon ton m g A ng ng ca benzen thu c 20,16 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 10,8 ml H2O (lng).Cng thc ca A l: A. C7H8 B. C8H10 C. C9H12 D. C10H14 63. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol CxHy thu c 20,16 lt CO2 (ktc) v 10,8 g H2O (lng).Cng thc ca CxHy l: A. C7H8 B. C8H10 C. C10H14 D. C9H12 as 64. 1 mol Toluen + 1 mol Cl2 A . A l: A.C6H5CH2Cl B. p-ClC6H4CH3 C. o-ClC6H4CH3 D.B v C u ng H 2 SO4 d B + H2O. B l: 65. 1 mol nitrobenzen + 1 mol HNO3 to A.m-initrobenzen B. o-initrobenzen C. p-initrobenzen D.B v C u ng. 66. t chy hon ton hi A(CxHy) thu c 8 lt CO2 v cn dng 10,5 lt oxi.Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C7H8 B. C8H10 C. C10H14 D. C9H12 67. t chy hon ton 1,3 g A(CxHy) 0,9 g H2O .Cng thc nguyn ca A l: A.(CH)n B.(C2H3)n C.(C3H4)n D.(C4H7)n 68. A t 1 hp cht vng c to thnh t s trng hp axetilen,dA/kk l 3,59.C.thc phn t A l: A. C8H8 B. C6H6 C. C10H14 D. C4H4 69. A c cng thc phn t l C8H8 ,tc dng vi dd KMnO4 nhit thng to ra ancol 2 chc.1 mol A tc dng ti a vi:
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A.4 mol H2; 1 mol brom B. 3 mol H2; 1 mol brom C.3 mol H2; 3 mol brom D. 4 mol H2; 4 mol brom 70. 5,2 g stiren b trng hp 1 phn tc dng va vi dd cha 0,0125 mol brom.Lng stiren cha b trng hp l: A.25% B.50% C.52% D.75% 71. 1 ankylbenzen A(C9H12),tc dng vi HNO3 c (c xt H2SO4 ) theo t l mol 1:1 to ra 1 dn xut mononitro duy nht . Vy A l: A. n-propylbenzen B.p-etyl,metylbenzen C.iso-propylbenzen D.1,3,5trimetylbenzen 72. A l 1 HC mch h , cht kh iu kin thng 4,48 lt kh A ktc tc dng va vi 0,4 mol Brom to ra sn phm B cha 85,562% brom v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C2H6 B. C3H6 C. C4H6 D. C6H6 73Cho m g HC (A) chy thu c 0,396 g CO2 v 0,108 g H2O.Trng hp 3 phn t A thu c cht B l ng ng ca benzen.A v B thuc dy no sau? A.A,B u l ankin B.A,B u l ankylbenben C.A:ankylbenzen;B:ankin D. A:ankin ; B:ankylbenzen* 74. Cho a g cht A(CxHy) chy thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 3,6 g H2O.Tam hp A thu c B,mt ng ng ca ankin benzen.Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l: A.C3H6 v C9H8 B. C2H2 v C6H6 C. C3H4 v C9H12 D. C9H12 v C3H4 75. 1 mol HC A(C6H6) tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 theo t l mol nA : nAgNO3 = 1:2.Vy A l: A.benzen B.hexaien C.hexaiin D.xiclohexin 76. 1,3 g cht hu c A chy hon ton thu c 4,4 g CO 2 v 0,9 g H2O.T khi hi ca A i vi oxi(d) tho mn iu kin 3<d<3,5.Cng thc phn t ca A l: A.C2H2 B.C8H8 C.C4H4 D.C6H6 77. t chy 1 mol ankylbenzen thu c 6 mol nc. Vy s mol CO2 l? A. 3 mol B. 6mol C. 12mol D. 9mol 78.Cho 0,39 gam benzen vo ng nghim cha sn HNO3 c v H2SO4 c, d v lc mnh thu c mt cht lng nng mu vng nht(nitrobenzen).Khi lng cht lng l: A. 12,3g B. 6,15g C. 0,615g D. 0,123g 79. Cho 15,6 gam benzen tc dng hon ton vi clo c xt bt Fe, H=80%.Lng clobenzen thu c l (gi s ch c mt sn phm th) A. 18g B. 12,5g C. 28,1g D. 22,5g 80.Mt hidrocacbon A c hm lng C trong phn t 90,57%.CTPT ca A l: A. C6H6 B. C8H10 C. C7H8 D. C9H12 81.t chy hon ton 4,6gam toluen, sn phm thu c cho qua bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Khi lng kt ta to thnh l. A. 40g B. 5g C. 35g D.7g 82. un nng 2,3 gam toluen vi dung dch KMnO4 thu c axitbenzoic. Khi lng axitbenzoic thu c l? A. 3,50g B. 5,03g C. 5,30g D. 3,05g 83. Cho 1,8gam naphtalen tc dng vi axit nitric v axit sunfuric to thnh 1-nitronaphtalen. Khi lng sn phm to thnh l: A. 1,73g B. 1,3g C. 3,7g D. 3,17g 84.t chy hon ton mt lng stiren sinh ra 1,1 gam kh CO2. Khi lng stiren phn ng l: A. 0,325g B. 0,26g C. 0,32g D. 0,62g 85. Stiren tc dng vi dd nc brom d to thnh 1,2-dibromphenyletan. Khi lng brom phn ng ht vi 1,04g stiren l: A. 1,16g B. 1,02g C. 1,6g D. 1,06g 86. Dng 39gam benzen iu ch toluen. Khi lng toluen to thnh l: A. 78g B. 46g C. 92g D. 107g

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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 87. iu ch benzen bng cch trng hp hon ton 5,6 lt axetilen ktc.Th lng benzen thu c l: A. 26g B. 13g C. 6,5g D. 52g 88. Th tch khng kh ktc cn dng t chy hon ton 0,1 mol benzen l: A. 84 lt B. 74 lt C. 82 lt D. 83 lt DN XUT HALOGEN L THUYT I.Khi nim, phn loi, ng phn, danh php: 1. Khi nim:Khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t H trong phn t hidrocacbon bng mt hay nhiu nguyn t halogen ta c dn xut halogen. 2. Phn loi: -Dn xut flo, clo,brom -Da vo gc hidrocacbon: + Dn xut halogen no + Dn xut halogen khng no + Dn xut halogen thm -Bc ca halogen bng bc ca nguyn t cacbon II. Tnh cht vt l: III. Tnh cht ha hc: 1.Th nguyn t halogen bng nhm OH CH3-CH2-Br + NaOH t CH3-CH2-OH + NaBr Tng qut: R-Br + NaOH t R-OH + NaBr 2. Phn ng tch hidrohalogenua: CH3-CH2-Br + KOH C H CH2=CH2 + KOH + H2O OH t IV. ng dng: BI TP 1. Dn xut halogen bc II l: A. Ankyl clorua B. Benzyl clorua C. 2-clo-2-metylpropan D. 2-clobutan 2. ng dng no su y ca dn xut halogen hin nay khng cn c s dng? A. CHCl3, ClBrCHCF3 dng gy m trong phu thut B. Metylen clorua, clorofom dng lm dung mi C. CFCl3,CF2Cl2 dng trong my lnh D. Teflon dng lm cht chng dnh 3. S ng phn mch h( k c ng phn hnh hc) ca cht c cng thc phn t l C3H5Cl l A. 2 B. 3 C.4 D.5 4. S ng phn dn xut halogen bc I ca cht c cng thc phn t C4H9Cl l: A. 2 B. 3 C.4 D.5 5. Khi un nng dn xut halogen X vi dd NaOH to thnh hp cht CH3CHO.Tn hp cht X l: A. 1,2-dibrometan B. 1,1-dibrometan C. Etyl clorua D. 1,1,1-tri cloetan 6.un si 6,45 gam mt dn xut monoclo X trong dd NaOH d n khi phn ng hon ton. Axit ha dd brom bng axit nitric sau thm vo dd mt lng d bc nitrat thy c 14,35g kt ta.cng thc phn t ca X l? A. CH3Cl B. C2H3Cl C. C2H5Cl D. C3H7Cl 7.Dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon c phn loi da trn c s no? A. Cu to ca gc hidrocacbon B. S lng nguyn t halogen C. Dn xut ca halogen no D. c A,B,C 8. S ng phaan ca dn xut halogen c cng thc phn t l C4H9Br l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 9. Tn thay th ca dn xut halogen c cng thc cu to ClCH2-CH-CH-CH3 l:
0
0

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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang CH3Cl A. 1,3-diclo-2-metylbutan B. 2,4-diclo-3-metylbuat C. 1,3-diclopentan D. Tn gi khc 10.Dn xut halogen khng c ng phn cis- trans l: A. CHCl=CHCl B. CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3 C. CH2=CH-CH2F D. CH3CH=CBrCH3 11.Nh dd bc nitrat vo ng nghim cha mt t dn xut halogen CH2=CHCH2Cl lc nh, hin tng g xy ra? A. Kh thot ra mu vng lc B. Xut hin kt ta trng C. Xut hin kt ta vng D. Khng c hin tng 12. Sn phm chnh ca phn ng tch HBr ca CH3-CH-CH-CH3 l: CH3Cl A. 2-metylbut-2-en B. 3-metylbut-1-en C. 3-metylbut-1-en D. 2-metylbut-1-en 13. Cht no l dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon? A. Cl-CH2-COOH B. C6H6-CH2-Cl C. CH3-CH2-Mg-Cl D. CH3-CO-Cl 14.Cht no khng phi l dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon? A. CH2=CH-CH2-Br B. ClBrCH-CF3 C. Cl2CH-CF2-O-CH3 D. C6H6Cl6 ANCOL L THUYT I. nh ngha,phn loi,ng phn, danh php 1. nh ngha: Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c m trong phn t c nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon no. 2. Phn loi: da vo gc hidro cacbon v s lng nhm OH trong phn t -Ancol no, n chc bc I -Ancol no, n chc bc II -Ancol no, n chc bc III -Ancol no, a chc bc I -Ancol no, a chc bc II -Ancol khng no, n chc bc I -Ancol thm, n chc bc I 3. ng phn (CnH2n+1OH) c ng phn mch cacbon v ng phn v tr nhm chc 4. Danh php: + Tn thng thng: Ancol+tn gc hidrocaacbon+ ic + Tn thay th: -Chn mch di nht c nhiu nhnh nht v c nhm OH lm mch chnh -nh s t pha gn nhm OH nht -Tn: Tn hidrocacbon tng ng+v tr (-OH) + ol II. Tnh cht vt l: T C1-C12 l cht lng, t C13 tr ln l cht rn Do lin kt hidro gia cc phn t nn cc ancol c nhit si cao. III. Tnh cht ha hc: 1.Phn ng th H ca OH: 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2 2.Phn ng c trng ca glixerol: 2C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 [C3H5(OH)2]2Cu + H2O 3.Phn ng th nhm OH -Tc dng vi axit v c 2C2H5OH + 2HCl 2C2H5Cl + H2O 4. Phn ng tch nc
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang

C , H SO C2H5 -OH + HO-C2H5 140 C2H5OC2H5 + H2O 170 C , H SO C2H5 -OH C2H4 + H2O 170 C , H SO CnH2n+1 -OH CnH2n + H2O 5.Phn ng oxi ha: Oxi ha khng hon ton ancol bc I to andehit: C2H5 -OH + CuO t CH3-CHO+ H2O + Cu Oxi ha khng hon ton ancol bc II to xeton CH3-CHOH-CH3 + CuO t CH3-CO-CH3 + Cu + H2O Oxi ha hon ton to CO2 v H2O
2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
0
0

CnH2n+1OH +

3n +1 O2 t nCO2 + (n+1) H2O 2

0

IV. iu ch: t anken hoc tinh bt, ng Bi tp 1. Ancol c nhng loi ng phn no? A. Mch cacbon B. Nhm cha C. V tr nhm cha D. C A,B,C 2. Nhn nh no khng ng khi ni v ancol c cng thc cu to: (CH3)3-C-OH A. L ancol bc 3 B. C tn thay th l ancol isobutylic C. C A,B,D D. C tn gc cha l 2-metylpropan-1-ol 3. Cu no khng ng? A. Butan-1-ol tan v hn trong nc B. Etilen glicol nng hn nc v c v ngt C. Cc ancol trong dy ng ng ca ancol etilic l nhng cht khng mu D. C A,B,C 4. Dng Cu(OH)2 nhn bit cht no? A.Ancol etilic B. Glixerol C. imetylete D. Andehit fomic 5. Glixerol c th phn ng vi cht no? A. NaOH B. NaCl C. Cu(OH)2 D. CuO 0 6. un nng etanol vi H2SO4 c nhit 140 C thu c sn phm chnh l: A. C2H5OSO3H B. C2H4 C. C2H5OC2H5 D. CH3OCH3 7. Cho bit ancol no tch nc to ra mt anken? A. CH3-CHOH-CH2-CH3 B.CH3-CH2-CH2-OH C. (CH3)2-C(OH)-CH3 D. (CH3)2-C(OH)-CH2-CH3 8. Cu no sau y khng ng? A. Oxi ha hon ton cc ancol to ra CO2 v nc B. Tt c cc ancol b oxi ha to thnh andehit hoc xeton C. Ty bc cacbon m cac ancol b oxi ha to rra sn phm g D. C A,B,C 9. Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc ru sinh ra etilen, ngoi ra cn c SO2 v CO2 c th dng cht no loi b SO2 v CO2 ? A. Dd brom B. Dd KOH C. Dd KMnO4 D. Dd K2CO3 10. Dy cht no u phn ng c vi etilic? A. Na, CuO, HBr B. NaOH, CuO, HBr C. Na, HBr,Mg D. CuO, HBr, K2CO3 11. Cc cu sau, cu no sai? A. Ru etilic l hp cht hu c, phn t cha cc nguyn t C,H,O B. Ru etilic c cng thc phn t l C2H6O C. Cht c cng thc phn t C2H6O ch l ru etilic D. Do ru etilic c C,H nn khi t chy to r CO2 v nc 12. S ng phn ru ca C3H7OH l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D.5 13. S ng phn ru ca C4H9OH l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D.5
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 14. C cc ru CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH. Dng cht no sau y phn bit cc ru? A. Na B. CuO, t0 C. H2SO4 c, t0 D. Cu(OH)2, t0 15. Ru etilic c ln mt t nc, c th dng cht no sau y lm khan ru? A. CaO B. CuSO4 khan C. Na D. C A,B,C 16. un hn hp 5 ru no n chc vi H2SO4 c 1400C. S ete thu c l: A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 14 17. Trong cc cht di y cht no l ancol? A. C6H5-OH B. CH3COOH C. HO-CH2-C6H5 D. CH3-CH2-O-CH3 18. (CH3)3-C-OH c tn l g? A. 1,1-dimetyletanol B.1,1-dimetyletan-1-olC. Iso-butan-2-ol D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol 19. Ancol isobutilic c cng thc cu to no sau: A. CH3-CH2-CH-OH B. CH3-CH-CH2-OH CH3 CH3 OH C. CH3-CH2-CH3 D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH CH3 CH3 20. Cng thc chung ca ru l: A. CnH2n+2O B. CnH2nO C. CnH2n-2O D. CnH2n+2-2zOz 21. Trong phng th nghim ngi ta thng dng phng php no sau y iu ch ru etilic? A. Cho glucozo ln men ru B. Thy phn dn xut halogen trong mi trng kim C. Cho etilen tc dng vi axit sunfuric long, nng D. Cho andehit axetic hp nc c xc tc niken, nung nng 22. ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ru etilic? A. L nguyn liu sn xut cht do B. Dng lm dung mi hu c C. Dng lm nhin liu D. Dng sn xut mt s cht hu c chng hn nh axit axetic 23. phn bit ancol etylic tinh khit v ancol etylic ln nc ta c th dng cht no sau y? A. Na B. CuO, t0 C. H2SO4 c, t0 D. CuSO4 khan 24. Khi t chy mt ru thu c t l s mol CO2 v H2O l 1:1. Kt lun no sau y v ru cho l ng? A. Ru no, n chc B. Ru c mt lin kt i, n chc C. Ru c mt lin kt ba, n chc D. Ru thm 25. hidrat ha 2 ru ng ng hn km nhau 2 nhm CH2- ta thu c hai cht hu c th kh. Vy hai ru l: A. CH3OH v C3H7OH B. C3H7OH v C5H11OH C. C2H3OH v C4H7OH D. C2H5OH v C4H9OH 26. Ru no sau y khi tc nc ch thu c sn phm chnh l pent-2-en A. Pentan-2-ol B. Pentan-1-ol C. Pentan-3-ol D. C A,B,C 27. Sn phm chnh ca mono clo ha isopentan l cht no sau y A. 1-clo-3-metyl butan B. 2-clo-2-metyl butan C. 2-clo-3-metyl butan D. 1-clo-2-metyl butan 28. Cho 3 ru: propan-1-ol, propan-1,2-diol, propan-1,3-diol. phn bit 3 ru trn ta dng thuc th no? A. Na B. Cu(OH)2, Na C. KMnO4 D. c A,B,C 29.Cho 3 cht sau: xiclopentanol, pent-4-en-1-ol,glixerol.Chn cp cht sau nhn bit cc cht trn?
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. NaOH, Cu(OH)2 B. H2SO4 , Cu(OH)2 C. Dd brom,Cu(OH)2 D. Dd Brom,H2SO4 30. Thc hin hai th nghim sau TN 1: Cho t t Na vo ancol etylic TN 2: Cho t t Na vo nc. Nhn xt ng l? A. Phn ng 1 xy ra mnh lit hn phn ng 2 B. Phn ng 2 xy ra mch lit hn phn ng 1 C. C hai th nghim u xy ra phn ng nh nhau D. Ch c th nghim 1 xy ra phn ng 31. Cht no sau y rt c,ch mt lng nh xm nhp vo c th cng c th gy m la,lng ln hn c th gy t vong. A. Ancol etylic B. Ancol metylic C. Ancol amylic D. Ancol Benzylic 32. Oxi ha ancol bng CuO thu c andehit, th ancol l ancol c bc: A. I B. II C. III D. IV 33. Khi cho ancol etylic tan vo trong nc th s loi lin kt hidro c trong dung dch l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 34. Cng thc cu to ca propan-1,3- diol l: A. HO-CH2-CHOH-CH2-OH B. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH C. CH3-CHOH-CH2-CH2-OH D.HO-CH2-CHOH-CH3 35. Ancol khng no n gin nht l: A. CH2=CH-OH B. CH3-CH=CH-OH C. CH2=CH=CH2-OH D. CH3OH 36. Ancol etylic c th iu ch t: A. Etylen B. Etylclorua C. Glucozo D. c A,B,C 37. Ancol no n chc tch nc theo: A. Quy tc Mac-cop-nhi-cop B. Quy tc Zai-xep C. Quy tc Mac-cop-nhi-cop v Zai-xep D. Quy lut chuyn in t t nhn benzen 38. Cng thc no l cng thc ca ru no mch h? A. CnH2n+2-x(OH)x B. CnH2n+2O C. CnH2n+2Ox D. CnH2n+1OH 39. Cho bit sn phm chnh ca phn ng kh nc ca:(CH3)2CHCHOHCH3 A. 2-metylbut-1-en B.3-metylbut-1-en C.2-metylbut-2-en D.3-metylbut-2-en 40. phn bit ancol n chc v ancol a chc c t nht mt nhm OH k nhau, ta dng? A. Dd Brom B. Dd thuc tm C. AgNO3 D. Cu(OH)2 41. Cho bit sn phm to thnh khi nung nng C3H7OH vi hi HBr? A. CH3-CH2-CH2-Br v H2O B. HO-CH2-CH2-Br v CH3-CH2-Br C. Br-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH v H2 D. CH3-CH2-CH3 v HOBr 42. phn bit ancol anlylic v ancol propylic ta dng ha cht? A. Dd Br2 B. Na C. CuO, AgNO3 D. Cu(OH)2 43. Hn hp X gm 2 ru no, n chc A,B k tip trong dy n ng. Cho 3,35gam hn hp X tc dng ht vi Na thu c 0,56 lt H2 (ktc). Cng thc thu gn ca A,B l: A. C2H5OH vC3H7OH B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH C. C4H9OH v C5H11OH D. C5H11OH v C6H13OH 44. t chy hon ton 7,11g hn hp C3H7OH v C4H9OH thu c 15,84 gam CO2 v m gam nc. Gi tr m l? A. 8,55g B. 6,48g C. 8,73g D. 5,85g 45. Cho hn hp 3 ru n chc tc dng va vi Na thu c 1,12 lt hidro ktc. Hn hp cc cht cha Na c khi lng l? A. 1,3g B. 2,2g C. 3,3g D. 1,6g 46. Hn hp X gm 2 ru no, n chc A,B k tip trong dy n ng. t chy hon ton hn hp X thu c 7,84 lt CO2 (ktc) v 8,1g nc. Cng thc thu gn ca A,B l: A. C2H5OH vC3H7OH B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH C. C4H9OH v C5H11OH D. CH3OH v C2H5OH
T Ha Hc 50

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 47. t chy hon ton 4,7 gam cht hu c A (A cha mt nguyn t Oxi). Thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 2,7 g H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A l? A. C5H11OH B. C6H13OH C. C7H7OH D. C6H5OH 48. Khi lng Na cn phi ly tc dng va vi 80 gam ancol etylic? A. 25g B. 35g C. 45g D. 40g 49. t chy hon ton mt ru n chc A thu c 4,4g CO2 v 3,6g H2O. Cng thc phn t A l? A. C3H7OH B. C4H9OH C. CH3OH D. C2H5OH 50. Mt ru n chc A tc dng vi HBr cho hp cht B c cha C,H,Br. Trong Br chim 58,4% khi lng.Cng thc phn t ca A l? A. C3H7OH B. C4H9OH C.CH3OH D. C2H5OH 51. un nng 132,8g hn hp ru n chc vi H2SO4 c 1400C, thu c 111,2g hn hp 6 ete c s mol bng nhau. S mol mi ete l? A. 0,4 mol B. 0,2 mol C. 0,8 mol D. C A,B,C sai 52. Cho hn hp gm 1,6g ru A v 2,3g ru B l hai ru no,n chc k tip trong dy ng ng tc dng vi Na thu c 1,12 lt hidro ktc.Cng thc A,B l? A. C3H7OH v C2H5OH B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH C. CH3OH v C2H5OH D. Kt qu khc 53. un nng ag hn hp hai ru n chc vi H2SO4 c 1400C, thu c 21,6 gam nc v 72g hn hp 3 ete . Gi tr ca a l? A. 91,6 gam B. 93,6gam C. 95,8 gam D. 96,3gam 54. Hn hp X gm 2 ru no, n chc A,B k tip trong dy n ng. Cho 118,8 gam hn hp X tc dng ht vi Na thu c 5,6 lt H2 (ktc). Cng thc thu gn ca A,B l: A. C2H5OH vC3H7OH B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH C. C4H9OH v C5H11OH D. CH3OH v C2H5OH 55. Ancol no,a chc , mch h X c CTTN l (CH3O)n . Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. CH4O B. C3H8O3 C. C2H6O2 D. C4H12O4 56. Cho 15,6g hn hp 2 ancol n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 9,2g Na, thu c 24,5g cht rn . Hai ancol l: A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH 57. Cho 7,6g hn hp 2 ancol n chc tc dng ht vi Na. Sau phn ng thu c 10,9g cht rn v V lit kh H2 ( ktc) . Gi tr V l: A. 2,24 B. 5,6 C. 1,68 D. 3,36 58. Cho 6,44g hn hp 2 ancol tc dng ht vi K thy thot ra 1,792 lit H2 ( ktc) v thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 11,56 B. 12,52 C. 16,22 D. 12,25 59. Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ancol X ch thu c 1 anken duy nht. Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lit CO2 ( ktc) v 5,4g H2O. C bao nhiu CTCT ph hp vi X: A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 60. un nng hn hp gm 2 ancol n chc , mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vi H2SO4 c 1400C. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 6g hn hp gm ba ete v 1,8g H2O. Cng thc phn t ca 2 ancol trn l: A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH 61. un nng mt ancol n chc X vi dung dch H2SO4 c trong iu kin nhit thch hp sinh ra hp cht hu c Y, t khi hi ca X so vi Y l 1,6428. Cng thc phn t ca X l : A. C3H8O B. C2H6O C. CH4O D. C4H8O 62. t chy hon ton 0,92g mt ancol n chc A thu c 0,896 lit CO2 v 1,08g H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C2H6O B. CH4O C. C2H6O2 D. C3H8O3
T Ha Hc 51

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 63. t chy hn ton mt ancol no, n chc A thu c 4,4g CO2 . Th tch oxi (ktc) cn t chy A l: A. 2,24 lit B. 3,36 lit C. 4,48 lit D. 6,72 lit 64. t chy hon ton mt ancol a chc, mch h X thu c H2O v CO2 vi t l mol tng ng l 3:2. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C2H6O2 B. C4H10O2 C. C3H8O2 D. C3H8O3 65. X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6g oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6g CO2. Cng thc ca X l: A. C2H4(OH)2 B. C3H8(OH)2 C. C3H5(OH)3 D. C3H6(OH)2 66. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ru no,n chc A,B ng ng k tip ,t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X cn 10,08 lit O2 (ktc) .Cng thc phn t v s mol ca A v B l: A. 0,08 mol CH3OH v 0,12 mol C2H5OH B. 0,1 mol C2H5OH v 0,1 mol C3H7OH C. 0,05 mol C2H5OH v 0,12 mol C2H5OH D. 0,1 mol CH3OH v 0,15 mol C3H7OH 67. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ru no A,B ng ng k tip c s mol bng nhau .Khi kh nc bng H2SO4 c nhit 1700C ch thu c 1 anken .Anken ny lm mt mu 0,4 lit dung dch KMnO4 1/3M .Bit anken tc dng vi KMnO4 to ra MnO2 v C2H2n(OH)2 .Cng thc phn t v s mol ca A v B l: A. 0,1 mol C2H5OH v 0,1 mol C3H7OH B. 0,2 mol C2H5OH v 0,2 mol C3H7OH C. 0,1 mol CH3OH v 0,1 mol C2H5OH D. 0,2 mol CH3OH v 0,2 mol C2H5OH 68. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ru no,n chc A,B trong s nguyn t C B nhiu hn A l 2 .Ly 10,6g hn hp X khi b kh nc hon ton cho ra 7g hn hp 2 anken .Bit B c t khi i vi khng kh < 3. Cng thc phn t v s mol A,B trong X l: A. 0,15 mol C2H5OH v 0,05 mol C4H9OH B. 0,12 mol C2H5OH v 0,18 mol C4H9OH C. 0,1 mol CH3OH v 0,1 mol C3H7OH D. 0,2 mol CH3OH v 0,2 mol C3H7OH 69. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ru no,n chc A,B ng ng k tip c khi lng 15,2g cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 3,36 lit kh (ktc) .CTPT v s mol ca A,B l: A. 0,1 mol CH3OH v 0,2 mol C2H5OH B. 0,1 mol C2H5OH v 0,2 mol C3H7OH C. 0,2 mol C2H5OH v 0,1 mol C3H7OH D. 0,2 mol CH3OH v 0,1 mol C2H5OH 70.Mt hn hp X gm 2 glicol A,B c cng s nguyn t C chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau .Phn I tc dng vi Na d thu c 6,72 lit kh H2 (ktc) Phn II tc dng vi 0,1 mol Cu(OH)2 . t chy ht 1 phn cn 26,88 lit O2(ktc) Cng thc cu to v s mol mi cht trong 1 phn l: A. 0,1 molCH2OH-CH2-CH2OH v 0,2 mol CH3-CHOH-CH2OH B. 0,08 molCH2OH-CH2-CH2OH v 0,12 mol CH3-CHOH-CH2OH C. 0,1 molCH2OH-CH2-CH2OH v 0,2 mol CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH D. 0,2 molCH2OH-CH2-CH2OH v 0,1 mol CH3-CHOH-CH2OH , , , 71. Cho 2 hp cht A (CxHyOz) v B (Cx Hy Oz ) .t chy A hoc B u thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l khi lng :
0 mH O 2 mCO 2

27 .T A c th iu ch B qua 2 phn ng 44

A H SO4,170 A , KMnO4,lanh B . Cng thc ca A,B l: A. A: C2H5OH v B: C3H7OH B. A: C2H5OH v B: HOCH2-CH2OH C. A: C2H5OH v B: CH3CHO D. A: CH3-CHOH-CH2OH v B: HOCH2CH2OH 72. Mt ete R1-O-R2 c iu ch t kh nc hn hp 2 ru R1OH v R2OH .t chy 0,1 mol ete thu c 13,2g CO2 (bit R2 = R1 + 14) .Cng thc 2 ru l: A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH C. CH3OH v C2H5OH D. CH3OH v C3H7OH 73. Cho 2,02g hn hp X gm 2 ancol n chc ,ng ng k tip tc dng vi Na thu c 3,12g mui khan . Cng thc phn t ca 2 ancol l: A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH B. CH3OH v C2H5OH
T Ha Hc 52

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH 74. Cho ancol X tc dng vi Na d thy s mol kh thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng .Mt khc X tc dng vi lng d CuO nung nng n phn ng hon ton thy lng cht rn gim 1,2g v thu c 2,7g cht hu c a chc Y .Cng thc cu to cuat Y l: A. OHC-CH2-CH2-CHO B. OHC-CH2-CHO C. CH3-CO-CO-CH3 D. OHC-CO-CH3 75. Cho m gam mt ancol no, n chc i qua bnh ng CuO d un nng . Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton , khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32g . Hn hp hi thu c c t khi hi so vi H2 l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l: A. 0,92 B. 0,64 C. 0,32 D. 0,46 76. Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO(un nng) sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi H2 l 29). Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 B. CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3 C. CH3-COH-CH3 D. CH3-CH2-CH2OH 77. Cho a gam hn hp gm metanol v propan-2-ol qua bnh ng CuO d un nng sau khi p xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh v hi khi lng l (a + 0,56)g . Khi lng CuO tham gia phn ng l: A. 0,56g B. 2,8g C. 0,28g D. 5,6g Hng dn : m = mO = 0,56 n = 0,035 mCuO = 0,035.80 = 2,8g 78. Cho a gam hn hp cc ancol qua bnh ng CuO d nung nng .Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh v hi c khi lng (a +1,2)g v c t khi i vi hiro 15 .Gi tr ca a l: A. 1,05g B. 3,30g C. 1,35g D. 2,70g 79. Cho 1.52gam hn hp hai ancol n chc l ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi Na va , sau phn ng thu c 2,18gam cht rn. Cng thc phn t ca hai ancol v th tch kh thu c sau phn ng ktc ln lt l: A. CH3OH; C2H5OH v 0,336lt B. C2H5OH; C3H7OH v 0,336lt C. C3H5OH; C4H7OH v 0,168lt D. C2H5OH; C3H7OH v 0,672lt 80. Cho mt anken X tc dng ht vi H2O (H+, t0) c cht hu c Y, ng thi khi lng bnh ng nc ban u tng 4,2gam. Cng cho mt lng X nh trn tc dng vi HBr va , thu c cht Z, thy khi lng Y, Z thu c khc nhau 9,45gam( gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton ). Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C2H4 B. C3H6 C. C4H8 D. C5H10 81. C bao nhiu ng phn C5H12O m khi tc dng vi CuO,un nng to sn phm (gi nguyn mch C) c phn ng trng gng ? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 82. Hn hp X gm 2 ancol no,n chc,mch h.Cho 2,76g X tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,672 lit kh (ktc).Mt khc oxi ho hon ton 2,76g X bng CuO ,nung nng thu c hn hp anehit.Cho lng anehit ny tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 19,44g kt ta.Cng thc ca 2 ru l: A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B.CH3OH v CH3CH2CH2OH C. CH3OH v CH3CH(CH3)OH D. C2H5OH v CH3CH2CH2CH2 OH 83. Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v mt ancol no,n chc,mch h M.Cho 2,76g X tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,672 lit kh (ktc).Mt khc oxi ho hon ton X bng CuO nung nng thu c hn hp Y.Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 12,96g kt ta.Cng thc cu to M l: A. C2H5OH B.CH3CH2CH2OH C. CH3CH(CH3)OH D. CH3CH2CH2CH2 OH 84. t chy hon ton m gam mt ru X thu c 1,344 lit CO2 (ktc) v 1,44g H2O. X tc dng vi Na d cho kh H2 c s mol bng s mol ca X. Cng thc phn t ca X v gi tr m l: A. C3H8O2 v 1,52 B. C4H10O2 v 7,28 C. C3H8O2 v 7,28 D. C3H8O3 v 1,52

T Ha Hc

53

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 85. Hn hp X gm hai cht hu c thuc cng dy ng ng, phn t X ch c mt loi nhm chc.Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn I em t chy hon ton ri cho sn phm chy ch gm CO2 v H2O dn ln lt i qua bnh ng H2SO4 c v bnh ng Ca(OH)2 d th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 2,16g v bnh 2 c 7g kt ta. Phn II cho tc dng vi Na d th th tch kh thu c l: A. 2,24 lit B. 0,224 lit C. 0,56 lit D. 1,12 lit 86. Chia hn hp X gm 2 ru n chc thuc cng dy ng ng thnh 2 phn bng nhau Phn I em t chy hon ton thu dc 2,24 lit CO2 (ktc) Phn II thc hin phn ng tch nc hon ton vi H2SO4 c, 180oC thu c hn hp Y gm hai anken. t chy hon ton hn hp Y ri cho ton b sn phm chy i chm qua dung dch nc vi trong d, kt thc th nghim thy khi lng bnh tng m gam. Gi tr m l: A. 5,6g B. 6,2g C. 10,2g D. 6,72g 87. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ru n chc k tip trong dy ng ng thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l th tch l 7:10. Cng thc ca 2 ru ln lt l: A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH D. C3H5OH v C4H7OH 88. Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ancol X ch thu c mt anken duy nht. Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lit CO2 (ktc) v 5,4g H2O. S cng thc cu to ph hp ca X l: A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 89. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 2 ancol n chc,thuc cng mt dy ng ng thu c 70,4g CO2 v 39,6g H2O. Gi tr m l: A. 3,32g B. 32,3g C. 24,9g D. 2,49g 90. t chy hon ton mt ru X thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l s mol l 3:4. Th tch oxi cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO2 thu c ( cng iu kin) Cng thc ca X l: A. C3H8O2 B.C3H8O3 C. C3H8O D. C4H8O2 91. Tch nc hon ton t hn hp X gm 2 ancol thu c hn hp Y gm cc olefin. Nu t chy hon ton X thu c 1,76g CO2 .Khi t chy Yth tng khi lng CO2 v H2O sinh ra l: A. 1,76g B. 2,67g C. 2,48g D. 4,28g 92. t chy hon ton hn hp A gm 2 ancol X,Y l ng ng k tip thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,425 mol H2O.Mt khc cho 0,25 mol hn hp A tc dng vi Na d thu c cha n 0,15 mol H2. Cng thc ca X,Y l: A. C3H6O v C4H8O B. C2H6O v C3H8O C. C3H6O2 v2 D. C2H6O v CH4O 93. un 27,6g hn hp ba ancol n chc vi H2SO4 c 140oC (H=100%) thu c 22,2g hn hp cc ete c s mol bng nhau.S mol mi ete trong hn hp l: A. 0,3 B. 0,2 C. 0,15 D. 0,05 94. Cho 20,2g hn hp 2 ancol tc dng va vi K thu c 5,6 lit kh (ktc) . Khi lng mui thu c l : A. 29,4g B. 31,6g C. 39,2g D.40,25g 95. Cho 15,6g hn hp 2 ancol n chc,k tip trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 9,2g Na thu c 24,5g cht rn. Hai ancol l: A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH 96. un nng a gam mt ancol X vi H2SO4 c 1700C c olefin.Cho a gam X qua bnh ng CuO d nung nng (H=100%) thy khi lng cht rn gim 0,4g v hn hp hi thu c c t khi hi i vi H2 l 15,5.Gi tr ca a l: A. 23g B. 12,5g C. 1,15g D. 16,5g 97. Cho 10,1g hn hp 2 ancol n chc,k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 5,75g Na thu c 15,6g cht rn.Hai ancol cn tm l: A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C4H9OH v C5H11OH
T Ha Hc 54

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH 98. Cho a gam hn hp gm metanol v propan-2-ol qua bnh ng CuO d un nng sau khi ps xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh v hi khi lng l (a + 0,56)g . Khi lng CuO tham gia phn ng l: A. 0,56g B. 2,8g C. 0,28g D. 5,6g 99. Cho a gam hn hp cc ancol qua bnh ng CuO d nung nng .Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh v hi c khi lng (a +1,2)g v c t khi i vi hiro 15 .Gi tr ca a l: A. 1,05g B. 3,30g C. 1,35g D. 2,70g PHENOL L THUYT I.nh ngha, phn loi, tnh cht vt l: 1. nh ngha: Phenol l hp cht hu c m trong phn t c nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen. 2. Phn loi: C hai loi l phenol n chc v phenol a chc
OH phenol OH CH3 o-crezol

OH rezoxiol OH

OH OH catechol

3. Tnh cht vt l: Phenol l cht rn khng mu, khng tan trong nc lnh,tan trong nc nhit 660C, rt c. II. Tnh cht ha hc: 1.Tnh axit yu: C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O C6H5OH + NaHCO3 2. Phn ng th vng benzen:
OH Br + 3Br2 Br OH Br + 3HBr

2,4,6-tribromphenol c kt ta trng, dng nhn bit phenol

OH + 3HNO3 H2SO4 O2N OH NO2 + 3H2O NO2

3. nh hng qua li gia cc nhm nguyn t trong phn t phenol. Cp electron cha tham gia lin kt ca nguyn t oxi do cch cc electron ca vng benzen ch mt lin kt nn tham gia lin hp vi cc electron ca vng benzen lm mt electron duy chuyn vo vng benzen. Kt qu: -Lin kt O-H tr nn phn cc hn lm cho H linh ng hn. -Mt electron trong vng benzen tng ln nht l v tr o v p lm cho phn ng th d dng hn so vi benzen v ng ng. -Lin kt C-O bn hn nn khng cho phn ng th nhm OH . III. iu ch: T benzen
T Ha Hc 55

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang BI TP 1.Nhng qu tm vo ng nghim cha dung dch phenol thy hin tng g? A. Qu tm ha B. Qu tm ha xanh B. Qu tm khng i mu D. Qu tm ha hng 2.Nh nc brom vo dung dch phenol xy ra hin tng g A. Nc brom b mt mu v xut hin kt ta trng B. Si bt kh C. Nc brom b m mu hn D. Mt hin tng khc 3.Thuc th phn bit glixerol, etanol, phenol l? A. Na, dd brom B. dd brom, Cu(OH)2 C. Cu(OH)2, dd NaOH D.dd brom,qu tm 4.Cho ln lt cc cht C2H5Cl, C2H5OH, C6H5OH vo dung dch NaOH un nng. Hi c bao nhiu cht phn ng? A. Mt cht B. Hai Cht C. Ba cht D. Khng cht 5.Trong cng nghip phenol c iu ch bng cch no? A. T benzen iu ch ra phenol B. Tch t nha than C. Oxi ha cumen thu c phenol D. C ba phng php trn 6.Phenol khng c dng trong ngnh cng nghip no? A. Cht do B. Dc phm C. Cao su D. T si 7.Nguyn nhn no sau y lm cho phenol d dng tc dng vi dd brom? A. Ch do nhm OH ht electron B. Ch do nhn benzen ht electron C. Ch do nhn benzen y electron D. Do nhm OH y electron vo nhn benzen v nhn benzen ht electron lm tng mt electron cc v tr o- v p-. 8.C bao nhiu cht ng vi cng thc C7H8O va tc dng vi Na, va tc dng vi NaOH? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 9.Cho cc cht sau 1.phenol, 2.benzylic, 3.glyxerol, 4. natriphenolat. Cht no tc dng c vi NaOH? A. 1 B. 1,2,4 C. 3,4 D. 1,2 10. phn bit phenol v ru benzylic ta dng thuc th no? A. dd brom B. Na C. NaOH D. C A,B,C 11.Phenol tc dng c vi dy cht no sau y? A. Na, dd brom, HNO3, CH3COOH, Na2CO3, NaOH B. HCHO, Na2CO3, dd brom, NaOH, Na C. HCHO, HNO3, dd brom, NaOH, Na D. C A, B, C 12.Hy chn cu pht biu sai? A. Phenol l cht rn kt tinh d b oxi ha trong khng kh thnh mu hng nht. B. Phenol c tnh axit yu nhng mnh hn H2CO3 C. Khc vi benzen, phenol d dng phn ng vi dd brom nhit thng to kt ta trng. D. Nhm OH v gc phenyl trong phn t phenol nh hng qua li ln nhau. 13.C bao nhiu ng phn ng vi cng thc C8H10O bit cc ng phn u c vng benzen v u tc dng c vi NaOH. A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 14.Khi lng axit picric to thnh khi cho 14,1g phenol tc dng vi HNO3 c, xt H2SO4 c. A. 34,75g B. 34,35g C. 42,9375g D. kqk 15.Th tch dd thuc tm 1M cn thit oxi ha ht 27g p-crezol trong mi trng H2SO4 l? A. 0,208 lt B. 0,3 lt C. 0,35 lt D. kqk

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56

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 16.Cho cc cht: phenol, stiren, ancol benzylic. Thuc th duy nht c th dng nhn bit ba cht lng ng trong ba l mt nhn l: A. Na B. dd Brom C. dd NaOH D. Qu tm 17.Cho 0,94 gam phenol tc dng va vi V ml dd NaOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l: A. 10 ml B. 20 ml C. 30ml D. 40ml 18.Mt dung dch c cha 6,1g cht X(X ng ng ca phenol n chc), cho cht ny tc dng vi dd brom thu c 17,95gam hp cht cha ba nguyn t brom trong phn t. Cng thc ca X l: A. C2H5C6H4OH hoc (CH3)2C6H3OH B. CH3C6H4OH C. C2H5C6H4OH D. (CH3)2C6H3OH 19.Cho 31 gam hn hp X,Y l 2 phenol lin tip trong dy ng ng ca phenol n chc tc dng va vi 0,5 lt dd NaOH 0,6M. CTPT ca X,Y l: A. C6H5OH v C2H5C6H4OH B. C6H5OH v CH3C6H4OH C. (CH3)2C6H3OH v CH3C6H4OH D. c A,B,C sai 20.Cng thc C7H8O c s ng phn l hp cht thm bng: A. 2 B. 3 C.4 D.5 21.Cng thc C8H10O c s ng phn l hp cht thm bng: A. 2 B. 3 C.4 D.5 22.Trong s cc tnh cht sau, tnh cht no khng phi l ca phenol? A. Tnh axit yu B. To kt ta trng vi brom C. rt c D. Tnh baz yu 23.Trong s cc cht sau: Dung dch Br2, Na, NaOH, HCl, CH3COOH. Phenol phn ng c vi cht no? A. Br2, Na, NaOH B. Br2, Na, CH3COOH C. NaOH, HCl, CH3COOH D. Tt c cc cht trn 24. Khi cho phenyl clorua tc dng vi NaOH m c ta thu c: A. C6H5ONa B. C6H5OH C. C6H5Na D. C A,B,C 25.Tn gi ca
OH

CH3

l:

A. p-crezol B. 4-metylphenol D. C A,B u sai. E. 3-metylphenol 26. Khi lng axit picric to thnh khi cho 9,4 gam phenol tc dng ht vi HNO3 l: A. 22,9g B. 23,9g C. 24g D. 23,4g ANDEHIT A. ANDEHIT I. nh ngha, phn loi, danh php: 1. nh ngha: Andehit l hp cht hu c m trong phn t c nhm CH=O lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon hoc hidro. 2. Phn loi:C ba loi andehit na, khng no, thm. 3. Danh php: -Tn thay th: Tn hidrocacbon tng ng+ al
H H2 H3C C C CHO CH3 3-metylbutanal

-Tn thng bng tn andehit+ tn axit tng ng II. Tnh cht vt l: cc andehit tan tt trong nc v trong dung mi hu c. III. Tnh cht ha hc: 1. Phn ng cng: i Cng hidro: CH3CHO + H2 N C2H5OH ,t
0

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57

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 2. Phn ng oxi ha: HCHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 4NH4NO3 +4Ag R-CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O R-COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 +2Ag t 2R-CHO +O2 x,t 2R-COOH Andehit va l cht oxi ha va l cht kh. IV. iu ch + R-CH2-OH + CuO t R-CHO + Cu + H2O t + CH4 + O2 x,t HCHO + H2O t + 2CH2=CH2 + O2 x,t 2CH3-CHO B. XETON (=C=O) Ging andehit:
0
0

H3C C CH3 O

+H2

Ni,t0

H H3C C CH3 OH
CH3 CH CH3

iu ch t ancol bc II v cumen BI TP 1.Cho cng thc

C2H5 CH H3C C H2 CH3 CH C H2

CHO

tn thay th ca andehit cho l: A. 5-etyl-3-metylhex-1-al B. 3,5-imetylhept-7-al C. 3,5-imetyl-hept-1-al D. 2-etyl-4-metylhex-6-al 2.Cho andehit c cng thc phn t C6H12O. S ng phn ca andehit ny l: A. 4 B.3 C. 6 D.5 3.Cho CH3CHO phn ng c vi nhng cht no? A. H2, CuO, H2O B. dd brom, KMnO4 C. Na, O2, Cu(OH)2 D. H2, AgNO3/NH3 4.Andehit propionic c cng thc cu to:
O C H2 C O CHO H2 C

A. H3C

B. H3C
CH3

CHO

H2 C H3C C

CHO H3C

CH C

CH3

H2 H2 C. D. 5.Phng php no sau y dng sn xut HCHO trong cng nghip? A. Oxi ha metanol nh xc tc Cu hoc Pt B. Oxi ha metan nh xc tc NO C. Thy phn CH2Cl2 trong mi trng kim D. C A,B 6.Andehit fomic c ng dng no sau y? A. iu ch dc phm B. Tng hp phm nhm C. Cht st trng, x l ht ging D. Sn xut thuc tr su 7.T metan iu ch andehit ti a qua bao nhiu phn ng? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D.4 8.T metan, qua mt phn ng ta iu ch c cht:
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. HCHO B. CH3CHO 9.Tn gi ca cng thc cho l:
C2H5 H3C C C2H5 H2 C C2H5 C H CHO

C. C6H5-OH

D. C A,B,C

A. 2,4-dietylpentanal B. 3-etyl-3-metylhexanal C. 2-metyl-4-etylhexanal D. 2-metyl-5-oxoheptan 10.Cht no phn ng vi andehit axetic cho kt ta mu gch? A. NaHSO3 B. AgNO3/NH3 C. Cu(OH)2/NaOH D. KMnO4,t0 11.Chia hn hp 2 anehit no n chc thnh 2 phn bng nhau. t chy hon ton phn 1 thu c 0,54 gam H2O. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi H2 d (h = 100%) thu c hn hp 2 ru. t chy hon ton 2 ru thu c V lt kh CO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 0,112. B. 2,24. C. 0,672. D. 1,344. 12.C hai bnh mt nhn cha C2H2 v HCHO . Thuc th duy nht c th nhn c 2 bnh trn l A. dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. B. dung dch NaOH. C. dung dch HCl. D. Cu(OH)2. 13. S lng ng phn anhit ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 14. Anehit no X c cng thc n gin nht l C2H3O. CTPT ca X l A. C2H3O. B. C4H6O2. C. C6H9O3. D. C8H12O4. 15. Oxi ho 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc X thu c 3 gam axit tng ng (h = 100%). CTCT ca X l A. CH3-CHO. B. CH3- CH2-CHO. C. (CH3)2CH-CHO. D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CHO. 16. Cho 1,02 gam hn hp gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h (khc HCHO) k tip nhau trong dy ng ng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d, thu c 4,32 gam Ag (h = 100%). Tn gi ca 2 anehit l A. etanal v metanal. B. etanal v propanal. C. propanal v butanal. D. butanal v pentanal. 17. Cho 2,2 gam hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d, to ra 10,8 gam Ag. Tn gi ca X l A. anehit fomic. B. anehit axetic. C. axit fomic. D. anehit acrylic. 18. t chy mt hn hp anehit l ng ng, thu c a mol CO 2 v 18a gam H2O. Hai anehit thuc loi anehit A. no, n chc. B. vng no, n chc. C. no, hai chc. D. khng no c mt ni i, hai chc. 19. Khi cho 0,1 mol X (c t khi hi s vi H2 ln hn 20) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d, thu c 43,2g Ag. X thuc loi anehit A. n chc. B. 2 chc. C. 3 chc. D. 4 chc. 20. Cho 0,94 g hn hp hai anehit n chc, no, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 3,24 gam Ag. CTPT ca hai anehit l A. etanal v metanal. B. etanal v propanal. C. propanal v butanal. D. butanal v pentanal. 21. Trong cng nghip, ngi ta iu ch HCHO bng phng php A. oxi ho CH3OH (Cu, tO). B. nhit phn (HCOO)2Ca. C. kim ho CH2Cl2. D. kh HCOOH bng LiAlH4. 22. Cng thc tng qut ca anehit no, hai chc mch h l A. CnH2n+2O2. B. CnH2nO2. C. CnH2n-2O2. D. CnH2n-4O2.
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 23. Cho 7,2 gam mt anehit no, n chc X phn ng hon ton AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Nu cho A tc dng vi H2 (Ni, to), thu c ru n chc Y c mch nhnh. CTCT ca A l A. (CH3)2CH-CHO. B. (CH3)2CH-CH2-CHO. C. CH3-CH2-CH2-CHO. D. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CHO. 24. X c CTCT l Cl-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CHO. Danh php IUPAC ca X l A. 1-clo2-metyl butanal. B. 2-metylenclorua butanal. C. 4-clo3-metyl butanal. D. 3-metyl-4-clobutanal. 25. Cho hn hp X gm 2 anehit ng ng k tip tc dng ht vi H2 (Ni, tO), thu c hn hp Y. t chy hon ton Y thu c 6,6 gam CO 2 v 4,5 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit trong X l A. CH4O v C2H6O. B. CH2O v C2H4O. C. C3H6O v C4H8O. D. C3H8O v C4H10O. 26. t chy hon ton 19,2 gam hn hp X gm 2 anehit ng ng k tip thu c 17,92 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 14,4 gam H2O. Nu cho 9,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 (d) th thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 75,6. B. 151,2. C. 37,8. D. 21,6. 27. Hn hp X gm 2 anehit no n chc, mch thng, l ng ng k tip. Khi cho 3,32 gam X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Tn gica 2 anehit trong X l A. etanal v metanal. B. etanal v propanal. C. propanal v butanal. D. butanal v pentanal. 28.Chuyn ho hon ton 4,2 gam anehit X mch h bng phn ng trng gng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d ri cho lng Ag thu c tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 to ra 3,792 lt NO2 27o C v 740mmHg. Tn gi ca X l anehit A. fomic. B. axetic. C. acrylic. D. oxalic. 29. X l hn hp HCHO v CH3CHO. Khi oxi ho p gam X bng O2 thu c (p+1,6) gam Y gm 2 axit tng ng (h=100%). Cho p gam X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3trong NH3 d thu c 25,92 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng HCHO trong hn hp B l A. 14,56%. B. 85,44%. C. 73,17%. D. 26,83%. 30. X l hn hp HCHO v CH3CHO. Khi oxi ho X bng O2 thu c hn hp Y gm 2 axit tng ng (h=100%). T khi hi ca Y so vi X l m. Khong gi tr ca m l A. 1,36 < m < 1,53. B. 1,36 < m < 1,67. C. 1,53 < m < 1,67. D. 1,67 < m < 2,33. 31. Oxi ho 53,2 gam hn hp 1 ru n chc v 1 anehit n chc thu c 1 axit hu c duy nht (h=100%). Cho lng axit ny tc dng ht vi m gam dung dch NaOH 2% v Na2CO313,25% thu c dung dch ch cha mui ca axit hu c nng 21,87%. Tn gi ca anehit ban u l A. etanal. B. metanal. C. butanal. D. propanal. 32. t chy hon ton hn hp 3 anehit no n chc thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Cng lng hn hp , nu oxi ho thnh axit (h = 100%), ri ly axit to thnh em t chy hon ton th thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l A. 1,8. B. 2,7. C. 3,6. D. 5,4. 33. Cho hn hp X gm 2 anehit n chc tc dng vi H2 (Ni,to) thy tn V lt H2 (ktc) v thu c 2 ru no. Nu cho hn hp ru ny tc dng ht vi Na thu c 0,375V lt H 2(ktc). Hn hp X gm A. 2 anehit no. B. 2 anehit khng no. C. 1 anehit no v 1 anehit khng no.D. 1 anehit khng no v 1 anehit thm. 34. Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HCHO. B. CH3CH(OH)CHO.
T Ha Hc 60

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang C.OHC-CHO. D. CH3CHO. 35. Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi HNO 3 thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3CHO. B. HCHO. C. CH2=CHCHO. D. CH3CH2CHO. 36. Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 l A. anehit axetic, but-1-in, etilen. B. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen. C. anehit axetic, but-2-in, axetilen. D. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. 37. t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X mch h to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit A. no, hai chc. B. no, n chc. C. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.D. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. 38. Khi oxi ho 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Cng thc ca anehit l A. C2H3CHO. B. CH3CHO. C. HCHO. D. C2H5CHO. AXIT CACBONXYLIC L THUYT I. nh ngha, phn loi, danh php 1. nh ngha: Axit cacbonxylic l hp cht hu c m trong phn t c nhm COOH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon hoc hidro. 2. Pn loi: -Axit no, n chc, mch h -Axit khng no, n chc, mch h -Axit thm, n chc -Axit no, a chc 3. Danh php: Axit + Tn hidrocacbon tng ng+oic II. Tnh cht vt l: Axit fomic tan v hn trong nc, tan cc axit gim theo chiu tng ca phn t khi. III. Tnh cht ha hc: 1.Tnh axit -Qu tm ha : CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ -Tc dng vi kim loi ng trc hidro 2CH3COOH + Ca (CH3COO)2Ca + H2 -Tc dng vi oxit kim loi 2CH3COOH + CaO (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O -Tc dng vi bazo 2CH3COOH + Ca(OH)2 (CH3COO)2Ca + 2H2O -Tc dng vi mui 2CH3COOH + CaCO3 (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2 2.Phn ng th nhm OH CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O IV. iu ch: mengiam CH3COOH + H2O C2H5OH + O2 xt 2CH3CHO + O2 2CH3COOH 2CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 + 5O2 xt, p 4CH3COOH + 2H2O ,t x t,t CH3OH + CO CH3COOH BI TP 1.S ng phn ca C5H10O2 l: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 2.HCOOH khng tc dng vi cht no?
0
0

H2SO4,t0

D.2

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61

Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. NaOH B. NaCl C. dd AgNO3/NH3 3.C th dng dd AgNO3/NH3 phn bit cp cht no? A. CH3CHO v C2H5OH B. HCOOH v CH3COOH C. C6H5OH v CH3OCH3 D. c A,B 4.Trong phng th nghim axit axetic c iu ch bng cch no? A. Oxi ha andehit axetic B. Ln men gim C. Oxi ha ancol etylic D. i t metanol v cacbon vi xc tc v nhit thch hp
H3C H C CH3 H2 C COOH

D. Cu(OH)2

5. Cht

c tn l? A. Axit-2-metylpropionic B. Axit-2-metylbutanoic C. Axit-3-metylbuta-1-oic D.Axit-3-metylbutanoic 6. Axit propionic c cng thc cu to no? A. CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH B. CH3-CH2-COOH C. CH3-COOH D. CH3-(CH2)3-COOH 7. X l cht lng, khng mu c kh nng lm i mu qu tm. Tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 v Na2CO3. Cng thc cu to no sau y l ca X? A. HCHO B. CH3COOH C. HCOOH D. CH3CHO 8. t chy hon ton mt axit hu c, thu c s mol CO2 v nc bng nhau.Axit l axit no sau y? A. Axit 2 chc cha no B. Axit 3 chc C. Axit 2 chc no D. Axit n chc no 9. Axit axetic khng th tc dng c vi cht no? A. Mg B. Cu(OH)2 C. Na2CO3 D. Ag 10. Ch dng mt cht no di y l tt nht phn bit dd axit axetic (gim n 5%) v dd nc vi trong? A. HCl B. NaOH C. qu tm D. NaCl 11. Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch CH3COOH bng phng php no sau y? A. Ln men gim B. Chng khan g C. Tng hp t n-butan D. C A,B,C 12. Cht no sau y l axit metacrylic? A. CH2=CH-COOH B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOH C. CH3-CH(OH)-COOH D. HOOC-CH2-COOH 13. Cht no sau y l axit strearic? A. CH3-(CH2)14-COOH B. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH C. CH3-(CH2)16-COOH D. CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH 14. Axit no sau y c ng phn hnh hc? A. CH2=CH-COOH B. CH2=CH(CH3)-COOH C. CH3-CH=CH-COOH D. C A,B,C 15. Cht no sau y c nhit si cao nht? A. Propan-1-ol B. Andehit propionic C. Axeton D. Axit propionic 16. Cht no sau y c nhit si thp nht? A. Axit fomic B. Axit axetic C. Axeton D. Axit iso-butyric 17. Khi ru lu ngy ngoi khng kh s c v chua chng t to ra axit no sau y? A. Axit lactic B. Axit acrylic C. Axit axetic D. Axit oxalic 18. Cht no tc dng c vi NaHCO3?
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. Phenol B. Ru benzylic C. Axit benzoic D. C A,B 19. Cht no sau y c phn ng trng gng? A. Axit fomic B. Andehit fomic C. metyl fomiat D. C A,B,C 20. Axit fomic v axit axetic khc nhau im no? A. Phn ng vi bazo B. Phn ng trng gng C. Phn ng th vi cc ion kim loi hot ng D. Thnh phn nh tnh 21. phn bit 3 mu ha cht ring bit: phenol, axit acrylic, axit axetic bng mt thuc th, ngi ta dng thuc th A. dung dch Na2CO3. B. CaCO3. C. dung dch Br2. D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3. 22. C th iu ch CH3COOH t A. CH3CHO. B. C2H5OH. C. CH3CCl3. D. Tt c u ng. 23. Cho cc cht: CaC2 (I), CH3 CHO (II), CH3 COOH (III), C2H2 (IV). S chuyn ha ng iu ch axit axetic l A. I IV II III. B. IV I II III. C. I II IV III. D. II I IV III. 24. phn bit axit propionic v axit acrylic ta dng A. dung dch Na2CO3. B. dung dch Br2. C. dung dch C2H5OH. D. dung dch NaOH. 25. Nhit si ca cc cht c sp xp theo th t tng dn l A. CH3OH < CH3CH2COOH < NH3 < HCl B. C2H5Cl < CH3COOH < C2H5OH. C. C2H5Cl < CH3COOCH3 < C2H5OH < CH3COOH. D. HCOOH < CH3OH < CH3COOH < C2H5F. 26. Hp cht CH3 CH2(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH(C2H5) COOH c tn quc t l A. axit 2 etyl 5 metyl hexanoic. B. axit 2 etyl 5 metyl nonanoic. C. axit 5 etyl 2 metyl hexanoic. D. tn gi khc. 27. Trung ha a mol axit hu c A cn 2a mol NaOH. t chy ht a mol A c 2a mol CO 2. A l A. axit n chc no. B. HOOC COOH. C. axit n chc khng no. D. CH3COOH 28. Gim n l dung dch CH3COOH c nng A. 2% 5%. B. 10% 20%. C. 20% 30%. D. Kt qu khc. 29. C4H6O2 c s ng phn mch h thuc chc axit l A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. tt c u sai. 30. Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng CTPT C3H4O2 . X tc dng vi CaCO3 to ra CO2. Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to Ag. CTCT thu gn ph hp ca X, Y ln lt l A. HCOOCH = CH2, CH3COOCH3. B. CH3 CH2 COOH , HCOOCH2 CH3. C. HCOO CH = CH2, CH3 CH2 COOH. D. CH2 = CH COOH, HOC CH2 CHO. 31. Axit khng no, n chc c mt lin kt i trong gc hidrocacbon c cng thc ph hp l A. CnH2n+1-2kCOOH ( n 2). B. RCOOH. C. CnH2n-1COOH ( n 2). D. CnH2n+1COOH ( n 1). 32. Axit axetic khng tc dng vi dung dch A. etylat natri. B. amoni cacbonat. C. phenolat natri. D. tt c u khng phn ng.
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 33. phn bit HCOOH v CH3COOH ta dng A. Na. B. AgNO3/NH3. C. CaCO3. D. NaOH. 34. phn bit 3 dung dch ring bit: axit axetic, axit acrylic, axit fomic ngi ta dng theo th t cc thuc th sau A. dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d, dung dch Br2. B. dung dch Br2, dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d. C. Na, dung dch Br2. D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d, Na2CO3. C OH 35. Cho chui phn ng: C2H6O X axit axetic + H Y. CTCT ca X, Y ln lt l A. CH3CHO , CH3 CH2 COOH. B. CH3CHO , CH3COOCH3. C. CH3CHO , CH2 (OH) CH2 CHO. D. CH3CHO , HCOOCH2 CH3. 36.Tr s pH ca cc axit CH3COOH, HCl, H2SO4 c sp xp theo th t tng dn l A. H2SO4 , CH3COOH , HCl. B. CH3COOH, HCl , H2SO4. C. H2SO4 , HCl , CH3COOH. D. HCl, CH3COOH, H2SO4. 37.Nhit si ca mi cht tng ng trong dy cc cht sau y, dy no hp l nht? C2H5OH HCOOH CH3COOH A. 118,20C 78,30C 100,50C B. 118,20C 100,50C 78,30C 0 0 0 C. 100,5 C 78,3 C 118,2 C 0 0 D. 78,3 C 100,5 C 118,20C 38.Trng gng hon ton hp cht hu c X bng AgNO 3/NH3 thu c hn hp sn phm ch gm cc cht v c. X c cu to A. HCHO. B. HCOONH4.C. HCOOH. D. Tt c u ng. 39.CTGN ca mt axit hu c X l (CHO)n . t chy 1 mol X thu c di 6 mol CO2. CTCT ca X l A. CH3COOH. B. CH2 = CH COOH. C. HOOC CH = CH COOH. D. Kt qu khc. 40. Mt axit no c cng thc (C2H3O2)n th CTPT ca axit l A. C6H9O6. B. C2H3O2. C. C4H6O4. D. C8H12O8. 41. t chy ht 1 th tch hi axit A thu c 2 th tch CO2 o cng iu kin, A l A. HCOOH. B. HOOC COOH. C. CH3COOH. D. B v C ng. 42. Cht c nhit si cao nht l A. CH3CHO. B. C2H5OH. C. CH3COOH. D. C2H6. 43. t chy ht 1 th tch hi axit hu c A c 3 th tch hn hp CO2 v hi nc khi o cng iu kin. CTPT ca A l A. HCOOH. B. CH3COOH. C. HOOC COOH. D. HOOC CH2 COOH. 44. C th phn bit HCOOCH3 v CH3COOH bng A. AgNO3/NH3 B. CaCO3. C. Na. D. Tt c u ng. 45. Nhit si ca ancol etylic (I), andehit axetic (II), axit axetic (III) v axit propionic (IV) sp xp theo th t gim dn l A. IV > I > III > II. B. IV > III > I > II. C. II > III > I > IV. D. I > II > III > IV. 46. Th t sp xp theo s tng dn tnh axit ca CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CO2 v C6H5OH l A. C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH < C2H5OH B. CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2 < C2H5OH C. C2H5OH < C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH D. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 47. Trung ha 5,92 gam mt axit no n chc A bng mt dung dch NaOH va .C cn dung dch thu c 7,68 gam mui khan.Cng thc phn t ca A l? A. HCOOH B. CH3COOH C. C2H5COOHD. C3H7COOH 48. Khi cho 4,5 gam axit oxalic tc dng vi kim loi Na d, thu c V lt hidro ktc. Gi tr ca V l? A. 1,12 B. 2,24 C. 3,36 D. 4,48 49. Hn hp X gm CH3OH v HCOOH. Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1:t chy hon ton to ra 6,72 lt hidro ktc. Phn 2:c este ha hon ton v va thu c mt este. Khi t chy este ny th khi lng nc sinh ra l? A. 2,7g B. 5,4g C. 1,8g D. 7,2g 50. t chy a gam C2H5OH thu c 1 mol CO2 t chy b mol CH3COOH thu c 1 mol CO2 Cho a gam C2H5OH tc dng vi b gam CH3COOH c H2SO4 c lm xc tc (h=100%). Thu c c gam este. Gi tr ca c l A.44 B. 39,6 C. 22 D. 30,8 51. trung ha 40 ml dd gim n cn dng 25ml dd NaOH 1M.Coi khi lng ring ca gim bng khi lng ring ca nc.Nng % ca axit axetic trong gim n l A. 3,75% B. 3,57% C. 5,75% D. 5,37% 52. Mun trung ha 200ml gim cn dng 300ml dd NaOH 1M. Vy trung ha 1 lt gim cn bao nhiu gam NaOH? A. 30g B. 90g C. 60g D. 45g 53. Cho 9,2 gam hn hp HCOOH v C2H5OH tc dng ht Na d thu c V lt hidro ktc. Gi tr ca V l? A. 1,12 B. 2,24 C.3,36 D. 4,48 54. Cho a gam hn hp HCOOH v C2H5OH tc dng ht Na d thu c 1,68 lt hidro ktc. Gi tr ca a l? A. 4,6 B. 5,5 C. 6,9 D. 7,2 55. A,B l hai axit no n chc lin tip trong dy ng ng.Cho hn hp gm 4,6 gam A v 6gam B tc dng ht vi Na thu c 2,24 lt H2 ktc. CTPT cc axit l: A. HCOOH v CH3COOH B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH D. C4H9COOH v C3H7COOH 56. Khi lng MgO cn ly tc dng va vi 39 gam CH3COOH l? A. 10 g B. 13 g C. 14 g D. 15 g 57. Khi lng CuO cn ly tc dng va vi 39 gam CH3COOH l? A. 23 g B. 21 g C. 25 g D. 26 g 58. Cho 14,8g hai axit hu c no n chc tc dng vi lng va Na2CO3 sinh ra 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). Khi lng mui thu c l: A. 19,2g B. 20,2 g C. 21,2 g D. 23,2 g 59. Trung ha 9 gam mt axit no n chc bng lng NaOH va thu c 12,3 gam mui. Axit l: A. HCOOH B. CH3COOH C. C2H5COOHD. C3H7COOH 60. Thc hin phn ng este ha hon ton m gam CH3COOH bng mt lng va C2H5OH thu c 0,02 mol este. Vy m c gi tr l A. 2,1g B. 1,1g C. 1,2g D. 1,4g 61. Khi lng CH3COOH cn ly tc dng va vi 12,6g C4H9OH? A. 10,2g B. 11,6g C. 12,6g D. 13,6g 62. Cho 0,1 mol CH3COOH tc dng vi 0,15 mol C2H5OH thu c 0,05 mol CH3COOC2H5. Hiu sut phn ng l? A. 20% B. 30% C. 50% D. 100% 63. Axit hu c A c thnh phn nguyn t gm 40,68% C; 54,24% O. trung ha 0,05 mol A cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. CTCT ca A l
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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang A. HOOC CH2 CH2 COOH. B. HOOC CH (CH3) CH2 COOH. C. HOOC CH2 COOH. D. HOOC COOH. 64. Mun trung ha 6,72g mt axit hu c A cn dng 200g dung dch NaOH 2,24%. A l A. CH3COOH. B. CH3 CH2 COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH2 = CH COOH. 65. t chy hon ton 2,22g mt axit hu c no, n chc A thu c 1,62g H2O. A l A. C3H7COOH. B. C2H5COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH3COOH. 66. Cho 2,46g hn hp gm HCOOH, CH3COOH, C6H5OH tc dng va vi 400ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng l A. 3,54g. B. 4,46g. C. 5,32g. D. 11,26g. 67. Cho 16,6g hn hp gm HCOOH, CH3COOH tc dng ht vi Mg thu c 3,36 lt H2 (kc). Khi lng CH3COOH l A. 12g. B. 9g. C. 6g. D. 4,6g. 68.t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic ng ng k tip thu c 6,16 gam CO2 v 2,52 gam H2O. Cng thc ca 2 axit l A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. B. C2H3COOH v C3H5COOH. C. HCOOH v CH3COOH. D. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH. 69.Axit icacboxylic mch thng c phn trm khi lng ca cc nguyn t tng ng l % C = 45,46%, %H = 6,06%, %O = 48,49%. Cng thc cu to ca axit l A. HOOC-COOH. B. HOOC-CH2-COOH. C. HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH. D. HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH. 70. trung ho 8,8 gam mt axit cacboxylic mch thng thuc dy ng ng ca axit fomic cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Cng thc cu to ca axit l A. CH3COOH.B. CH3(CH2)2COOH. C. CH3(CH2)3COOH. D. CH3CH2COOH. 71. Cho 5,76g axit hu c n chc X tc dng ht vi CaCO3 d, thu c 7,28g mui. Tn gi ca X l A. axit fomic B. axit axetic C. axit butyric. D. axit acrylic. 72. trung ho a gam hn hp X gm 2 axit no, n chc, mch thng l ng ng k tip cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M. Mt khc, t chy hon ton a gam X thu c b gam nc v (b+3,64) gam CO2. Cng thc phn t ca 2 axit l A. CH2O2 v C2H4O2. B. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2. C. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2. D. C4H8O2 v C5H10O2. 73.Thc hin phn ng este ho m gam CH3COOH bng mt lng va C2H5OH (xc tc H2SO4 c, un nng) thu c 1,76 gam este (h=100%). Gi tr ca m l A. 2,1. B. 1,1. C. 1,2. D. 1,4. 74. trung ho 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l A. CH3COOH.B. C2H5COOH. C. C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH. 75. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O2 (ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l A. 8,96. B. 11,2. C. 4,48. D.6,72. 76.Cho 24,0 gam axit axetic tc dng vi 18,4 gam glixerin (H2SO4 c v un nng) thu c 21,8 gam glixerin triaxetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng l A. 50%. B. 75%. C. 25%. D. 80%. 77.t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 ru n chc, ng ng k tip thu c 14,08 gam CO2 v 9,36 gam H2O. Nu cho X tc dng ht vi axit axetic th s gam este thu c l A. 18,24. B. 22,40. C. 16,48. D. 14,28. 78.Cho 5,76g axit hu c n chc X tc dng ht vi CaCO3 d, thu c 7,28g mui. Nu cho X tc dng vi 4,6 ru etylic vi hiu sut 80% th s gam este thu c l A. 6,40. B. 8,00. C. 7,28. D. 5,76.

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Trng THPT Vnh Thun-Kin Giang 79.t chy hon ton 19,68 gam hn hp Y gm 2 axit l ng ng k tip thu c 31,68 gam CO2 v 12,96 gam H2O. Nu cho Y tc dng vi ru etylic, vi hiu sut phn ng ca mi axit l 80% th s gam este thu c l A. 25,824. B. 22,464. C. 28,080. D. 32,280. 80.Cho 37,6 gam hn hp X gm C2H5OH v mt ru ng ng Y tc dng vi Na d thu c 11,2 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cho Y bng lng Y c trong X tc dng ht vi axit axetic th thu c s gam este l A. 44,4. B. 22,2. C. 35,2. D. 17,6. 81.t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ru l ng ng k tip thu c 8,8 gam CO 2 v 6,3 gam H2O. Cng lng hn hp trn, nu cho tc dng ht vi axit oxalic th thu c m gam hn hp 3 este khng cha nhm chc khc. Gi tr ca m l A. 19,10. B. 9,55. C. 12,10. D. 6,05. 82.X, Y l 2 axit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho hn hp A gm 5,52 gam X v 10,80 gam Y tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cho A tc dng ht vi ru etylic th thu c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l A. 24,72. B. 22,74. C. 27,42. D. 22,47. 83.Hn hp X gm HCOOH v CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c), thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l A. 10,12. B. 16,20. C. 8,10. D. 6,48.

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