Nguy n ng Giang

GIO D C V O T O S Gio d c H N i

Chuyn
Kh o st hm s v cc D ng cu h i ph thi i h c

H N i, 2010

NG DNG O HM
1
1.1

S ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s

Tm tt l thuyt

1. nh ngha nh ngha 1.1 Cho hm s y = f (x) xc nh trn khong (a; b). Ta ni: - Hm s y = f (x) ng bin (tng) trn khong (a; b) nu vi mi x1 , x2 (a; b) m x1 < x2 th f (x1 ) < f (x2 ). - Hm s y = f (x) nghch bin (gim) trn khong (a; b) nu vi mi x1 , x2 (a; b) m x1 < x2 th f (x1 ) > f (x2 ). Hm s ng bin hoc nghch bin trn mt khong c gi l n iu trn khong . 2. iu kin ca tnh n iu nh l 1.1 (nh l Lagrange) Nu hm s y = f (x) lin tc trn on [a; b] v c o hm trn khong (a; b) th tn ti mt im c (a; b) sao cho f (b) f (a) = f (c)(b a) hay f (c) = f (b) f (a) ba

nh l 1.2 Cho hm s y = f (x) c o hm trn khong (a; b). a) Nu f (x) > 0 x (a; b) th hm s y = f (x) ng bin trn khong . b) Nu f (x) < 0 x (a; b) th hm s y = f (x) nghch bin trn khong . nh l 1.3 Cho hm s y = f (x) c o hm trn khong (a; b). Nu f (x) 0 hoc f (x) 0) x (a; b), v ng thc ch xy ra ti mt s hu hn im trn khong (a; b) th hm s y = f (x) ng bin (hoc nghch bin ) trn khong . Ch 1 Trong cc hm s s cp c hc (ngoi tr hm hng), ta c kt qu sau: - y = f (x) l hm s ng bin trn (a; b) f (x) 0 x (a; b) - y = f (x) l hm s nghch bin trn (a; b) f (x) 0 x (a; b) * Cc bc xt tnh n iu ca hm s: - Tm cc im ti hn - Xc nh du ca o hm trong cc khong xc nh bi cc im ti hn. - Lp bng bin thin, t suy ra chiu bin thin ca hm s. 3. Nhc li nh l du tam thc bc hai1

1.2

V d v bi tp

1.1 Tm cc khong n iu ca cc hm s sau:

1

Phi nhc li nh l thun v nh l o

2 a) y = 4x3 3x + 1 3 b) y = x4 + x3 3x2 + 1 4 x+1 x1 x2 + 3x + 3 d) y = x+1 c) y = x4 + 2x2 3 x2 4 f) y = x 3x2 + 15 e) y =

1 1.2 Cho h m s y = x3 + (m 1)x2 + (m + 3)x 4. Tm m h m s tng trn (0; 3) 3 1.3 Cho h m s y = 2x2 + 2mx + m 1. Tm m h m s tng trn (1; +) 1.4 Cho h m s y = x3 3mx2 + 3(2m 1)x + 1. Tm m h m s tng trn tp xc nh mx2 + 6x 2 1.5 Cho h m s y = . Tm m h m s gim trn (1; +) x+2 1 1 1.6 Cho h m s y = mx3 (m 1)x2 + 3(m 2)x + . Tm m h m s tng trn (2; +) 3 3 1.7 Cho h m s y = 2x2 + (1 m)x + 1 + m . Tm m h m s tng trn (1; +) xm

1 1.8 Cho h m s y = x3 + mx2 mx + 1. Tm m h m s: 3 a) Tng trn tp xc nh b) Tng trn (; 0) 1.9 Cho h m s y = x2 + mx 5 . Tm m h m s: 3x b) Gim trn (1; 0)

a) Gim trn tp xc nh

c) Tng trn (2; 2)

2
2.1

Cc i v cc tiu
Tm tt l thuyt

1. iu kin cn h m s c cc tr nh l 2.1 (nh l Fermat) Nu h m s y = f (x) c o h m ti x0 v t cc tr ti im th f (x0 ) = 0. 2. iu kin h m s c cc tr nh l 2.2 (Du hiu I) Gi s h m s y = f (x) c o h m trn mt ln cn ca im x0 (c th tr im x0 ). i) Nu f (x) > 0 trn khong (x0 ; x0 ); f (x) < 0 trn khong (x0 ; x0 + ) th x0 l mt im cc i ca h m s y = f (x). ii) Nu f (x) < 0 trn khong (x0 ; x0 ); f (x) > 0 trn khong (x0 ; x0 + ) th x0 l mt im cc tiu ca h m s y = f (x)

3 Ni mt cch vn tt: Nu khi i qua x0 , o h m i du th x0 l mt im cc tr. V nu i du t + sang - th x0 l im cc i cn nu i du t - sang + th x0 l im cc tiu. Quy tc I - Tm f (x) - Tm cc im ti hn - Xt du o h m - T bng bin thin suy ra cc im cc tr. nh l 2.3 (Du hiu II) Gi s y = f (x) c o h m ti cp hai lin tc ti x0 v f (x0 ) = 0, f (x0 ) = 0 th x0 l mt im cc tr h m s, hn na: - Nu f (x0 ) > 0 th x0 l im cc tiu. - Nu f (x0 ) < 0 th x0 l im cc i. Quy tc II - Tm f (x). Gii phng trnh f (x) = 0. Gi xi l cc nghim - Tnh f (x) - T du ca f (xi ) suy ra cc im cc tr. Ch 2 - Nu f (x0 ) = f (x0 ) = 0 th khng th khng nh c x0 c l im cc tr hay khng. - Chng ta dng du hiu I trong trng hp tng qut, cn du hiu II ch dng khi gp cc h m s d tnh o h m (nh h m a thc, h m lng gic).

2.2

V d v b i tp
c) y = x + 3x2 + 6 5 f) y = x4

2.1 Tm cc tr ca cc h m s: x2 x + 1 a) y = 2x2 x4 b) y = 2 x +x+1 x d) y = e) y = ex sin x ln x

x2 + mx + 1 2.2 Xc nh m h m s y = t cc i ti x = 2. x+m 2.3 Chng minh rng h m s y = x2 + 2x + m lun c mt cc i v mt cc tiu. x2 + 2

5 2.4 Tm a v b cc cc tr ca h m s y = a2 x3 + 2ax2 9x + b u l nhng s dng v 3 5 x0 = l im cc i. 9 2.5 Cho h m s y = x3 3mx2 + 3(m2 1)x (m2 1). Tm m h m s t cc i ti x = 1. 2.6 Cho h m s y = a sin x + 1 sin 3x. Tm a h m s t cc tr ti x = . 3 3

2.7 Tm m h m s di y t cc i v cc tiu

4 1 a) y = x3 + mx2 + (m + 6)x 1 3 2.8 Cho h m s y = x2 2x + m 4x

b) y =

x2 + mx + 1 . Tm m h m s t cc i ti x = 2. x+m

2.9 Cho h m s y = x3 (m 3)x2 + (4m 1)x m. Tm m h m s t cc tr ti cc im x1 , x2 tho mn iu kin x1 < 2 < x2 . x2 x + m x+1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 2 b) Tm m h m s c hai cc tr. c) Tm m h m s c hai gi tr cc tr cng du. 2.10 Cho h m s y = x2 + (m + 1)x + 1 m . Tm m h m s c: xm a) Mt cc i v mt cc tiu. b) Hai cc tr v cc gi tr cc tr tri du. c) Cc tiu c ho nh nh hn 1. 2.11 Cho h m s y = mx + 1 . Tm m h m s c hai cc tr. Trong trng hp chng 1 x2 minh rng cc im cc tr ca th cng mt pha i vi trc ho nh. 2.12 Cho h m s y = mx2 2x + m . Tm m h m s: x2 x a) Tng trn tng khong xc nh. b) Ch c mt cc tr. c) t cc i v cc tiu ti cc im c ho nh dng. 2.13 Cho h m s y = 2.14 Tm m h m s y = x3 + 3(m + 1)x2 (3m2 + 7m 1)x + m2 1 t cc tiu ti im c ho nh nh hn 1. 2.15 Tm m h m s sau c ba cc tr y = x4 + 4mx3 + 3(m + 1)x2 + 1 2.16 Cho h m s Tm m h m s c mt cc tiu m khng c cc i. y = x4 + 8mx3 + 3(1 + 2m)x2 4

3
3.1

Gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca h m s
Tm tt l thuyt

1. Phng php bt ng thc2 2. Phng php h m s Phng php h m s thng s dng khi gp b i ton tm GTLN, GTNN hoc chng minh BT ch c mt tham s. Khi chng ta thng tm iu kin cht ca tham s. Xt h m s y = f (x) trn tp X D. tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca h m s trn X, ta l m nh sau: a. Phng php chung: - Lp bng bin thin ca h m s trn X - Da v bng bin thin (ch n s thay i gi tr ca h m s trn X), ta tm c cc gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht (nu c) ca h m s trn X. b. Trng hp c bit: Khi X = [a; b], ta c th l m nh sau: y = 0 hoc y khng xc nh - Gii HPT , gi s cc nghim l x1 , x2 , ..., xn x (a; b) - Tnh f (x1 ), f (x2 ), ..., f (xn ) v f (a), f (b). - S ln nht trong cc s trn l gi tr ln nht. - S nh nht trong cc s trn l gi tr nh nht. Ch 3 Trong trng hp h m s c chu k chng ta ch cn tm GTLN, GTNN trn mt on c d i bng chu k. 3. Phng php s bin thin gii v bin lun phng trnh c tham s Phng php chung gii v bin lun phng trnh c tham s bng PP s bin thin l : Bc 1: t n ph (nu cn) t = u(x), t iu kin cht cho t. Bc 2: T gi thit b i ton bin i v mt trong cc dng sau: f (t) = g(m); f (t) g(m); f (t) g(m); f (t) > g(m); f (t) < g(m) Tc l bin i c lp m v mt v, cn v kia c lp vi m. Bc 3: Lp bng bin thin ca h m s f (t) trn min gi tr ca t tm c sau bc 1. Bc 4: T bng bin thin suy ra min gi tr ca f (t). S dng cc kt qu bng bin thin, tm ra kt lun ca b i ton. Ch 4 iu kin cht cho t c ngha l tm cc gi tr ca t phng trnh t = u(x) c nghim. Gi s f (x) l mt h m lin tc trn min D v gi thit rng tn ti cc gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca f (x), xt trn min D (k hiu l : max f (x), min f (x)). Khi ta c cc nh l sau:
xD xD

nh l 3.1 Gi s D = [a; b]. Nu nh f (a).f (b) < 0 th phng trnh f (x) = 0 c t nht mt nghim trn (a; b).
2

L m k v cch chng minh BT nh BT Cauchy

6 nh l 3.2 Phng trnh f (x) = m c nghim khi v ch khi: min f (x) m max f (x).
xD xD

Chng minh. = Gi s phng trnh cho c nghim x0 D = f (x0 ) = m. Ta c: min f (x) f (x0 ) max f (x).
xD xD

hay: min f (x) m max f (x).

xD xD

Do f (x) lin tc nn n nhn mi gi tr t min f (x) ti max f (x) do n nhn gi tr m, tc l

xD xD

= Gi s min f (x) m max f (x).

xD xD

x0 D sao cho f (x0 ) = m. iu n y c ngha l phng trnh f (x) = m, x D c nghim. nh l 3.3 a) Bt phng trnh f (x) m, x D c nghim khi v ch khi: max f (x) m.
xD

b) Bt phng trnh f (x) m ng x D khi v ch khi min f (x) m.

xD

Chng minh. a) =/ Gi s bt phng trnh f (x) m, x D c nghim = x0 D sao cho f (x0 ) m. R r ng: max f (x) f (x0 ) m.
xD

=/ Gi s max f (x) m.
xD

Phn chng rng bt phng trnh cho v nghim, tc l f (x) < m, x D = max f (x) < m
xD

iu n y mu thun vi gi thit.T suy ra iu phi chng minh. b) Chng minh tng t nh phn a).

nh l 3.4 a) Bt phng trnh f (x) m, x D c nghim khi v ch khi: min f (x) m.

xD

b) Bt phng trnh f (x) m ng x D khi v ch khi max f (x) m.

xD

nh l 3.5 Cho phng trnh f (x) = g(x) vi x D. Gi s trn min D h m f (x) lun ng bin, cn h m g(x) lun nghch bin. Khi nu phng trnh trn c nghim th nghim l duy nht. nh l 3.6 Xt bt phng trnh f (x) g(x) trn min D. Nu max f (x) min g(x) th bt
xD xD

phng trnh trn tho mn x D. Ch : max f (x) min g(x) ch l iu kin f (x) g(x), x D ch khng phi l iu
xD xD

kin cn v . Gi s

x[a;b]

max f (x) = > = min g(x)

x[a;b]

D = [a; b], , R, < .

Nhng f (x) < g(x), x D.

3.2

V d v b i tp

3.1 Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca cc h m s sau: x2 + x + 1 d) y = f (x) = x 2 + 4 x a) y = f (x) = (x>0) 2x2 + 4x + 5 x 2 e) y = f (x) = b) y = f (x) = 1 + 4x x 2 x +1 5 c) y = f (x) = x4 2x2 + 5 (x [2; 3]) f) y = sin x + 3 cos x 3.2 Tm x h m s sau t gi tr nh nht y = f (x) = lg2 x + 1 lg x + 2
2

5 3.3 Gi s x, y l hai s dng tho mn iu kin x + y = . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu 4 4 1 thc S = + x 4y 3.4 Cho x, y, z l cc s dng tho mn 1 1 1 + + =4 x y z Tm GTLN ca 1 1 1 + + 2x + y + z x + 2y + z x + y + 2z

3.5 Cho x, y, z > 0 tho mn xyz = 1 Tm GTNN ca 1 + x3 + y 3 + xy 3.6 Tm GTLN, GTNN ca y = 1 + y3 + z3 + yz 1 + z 3 + x3 zx

ln2 x , x [1; e3 ]. x

3.7 Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim m( 1 + x2 1 x2 + 2) = 2 1 x4 + 1 + x2 1 x2 3.8 Cho phng trnh: log2 x + 3 log2 x + 1 2m 1 = 0 3 a) Gii phng trnh khi m = 2 b) Tm m phng trnh c t nht mt nghim thuc on [1; 3 3 ] 3.9 Cho x, y, z > 0 v x + y + z = 1. Tm GTLN x y z + + x+1 y+1 z+1 3.10 Vi gi tr n o ca m bt phng trnh sau ng x [5; 1] 4
54xx2

+ 21+

54xx2

8 3.11 Cho phng trnh 9x m3x + 2m = 0 a) Gii phng trnh vi m = 1 b) Tm m phng trnh trn c nghim. 3.12 Tm GTLN, GTNN ca h m s y = 1 + sin x + 1 + cos x cos6 x + sin6 x 3.13 Cho phng trnh = m tan 2x cos2 x sin2 x 13 a) Gii phng trnh khi m = 8 b) Tm m phng trnh v nghim. 3.14 Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh c nghim thuc (0; 1) 4(log2 x)2 log 1 x + m = 0 2 3.15 Tm GTLN, GTNN ca h m s y = x6 + 4(1 x2 )3 x [1; 1]

3.16 Tm m phng trnh sau c t nht mt nghim thuc on [0; ] 2 2(sin4 x + cos4 x) + cos 4x + 2 sin 2x + m = 0 3.17 Cho a, b, c > 0 v a + b + c = 1. Tm GTNN 1 1 1 (a + )(b + )(c + ) a b c 3.18 Tm m bt phng trnh sau c nghim: 4x m.2x m + 3 0 3.19 Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim: 3 a) + 3 tan2 x + m(cot x + tan x) 1 = 0 sin2 x m+2 b) 5x2 (x + 1)2 = 2 2x x + 1 1+x 2 1+x c) ( ) + 2m( ) + 1 = 0 x x 4x2 2mx d) + + 1 m2 = 0 1 + 2x2 + x4 1 + x2 e) 6 + 3x5 + (6 m)x4 + (7 2m)x3 + (6 m)x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 x f) x2 + x + 1 x2 x + 1 = m g) 2x2 2(m + 4)x + 5m + 10 + 3 x = 0 h) 3 + x + 6 x (3 + x)(6 x) = m i) x 1 + 5 x = m x+1 j) (x 3)(x + 1) + 4(x 3) = 3m m2 x3

9 3.20 Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh sau c nghim x [ ; ] 2 2 2 + 2 sin 2x = m(1 + cos x)2 3.21 Tm cc gi tr ca m bt phng trnh sau ng x [0; ]: 2 sin 3x + m. sin 2x + 3. sin x 0 3.22 Tm m h phng trnh sau c nghim: x5 (x 3)5 = m 0x3 3.23 Tm m h phng trnh sau c nghim: x+1+ y+2= m x + y = 3m 3.24 Tm m cc h phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht: a) (4 6m). sin3 x + 3(2m 1) sin x +2(m 2) sin2 x cos x (4m 3) cos x = 0 0 x 4 b) 2 2x2 = y + m y m2 2 2y = x + x 3.25 Tm m bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi mi x < 0: x4 + x3 + mx2 + 2x + 4 < 0 3.26 Tm m bt phng trnh sau c nghim: x+1 4x m 3.27 Tm m bt phng trnh sau ng vi mi x : 3 cos4 x 5 cos 3x 36 sin2 x 15 cos x + 36 + 24m 12m2 0 3.28 Tm m bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi mi |x| 2: x4 5x2 + x + 4 m 0 3.29 Tm m bt phng trnh sau c nghim trn [1; 2]: 42xx + 22xx
2 2 +1

+ 2m 3 0

10

4
4.1

Tnh li lm v im un ca th
Tm tt l thuyt

nh l 4.1 Cho h m s y = f (x) c o h m n cp hai trn khong (a; b). i) Nu f (x) < 0; x (a; b) th th h m s trn l li trn khong . ii) Nu f (x) > 0; x (a; b) th th h m s trn l lm trn khong . nh l 4.2 Cho h m s y = f (x) lin tc trn mt ln cn n o ca im x0 v c o h m ti cp hai trong ln cn . Nu o h m cp hai i du khi x i qua x0 th im U(x0 ; f (x0 )) l im un ca th h m s cho. Ch 5 Cho h m s y = f (x) lin tc trn mt ln cn n o ca im x0 v c o h m ti cp hai trong ln cn . Nu x0 l ho nh ca im un th f (x0 ) = 0, ngc li th khng ng.

4.2

V d v b i tp
x2 x + 4 x d) y = ln x c) y =

4.1 Tm khong lm, li v im un ca th cc h m s sau: a) y = 2x3 6x2 + 2x 1 5 b) y = x4 3x2 + 2 2 4.2 Tm a th h m s y = x4 ax2 + 3 a) C hai im un. b) Khng c im un. 4.3 Chng minh rng ng cong y = 4.4 Tm m y = x+1 c ba im un cng nm trn mt ng thng. x2 + 1

x3 + 3mx2 2 nhn I(1; 0) l m im un. m

4.5 Tm a, b y = ax3 + bx2 + x 4 nhn J(2; 6) l m im un. 4.6 Tm a, b, c, d y = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d c hai im un l U1 (1; 1), U2 (3; 7). 4.7 Cho h m s y = x(x a)(x b) vi a < 0 < b. Tm a, b im un ca th nm trn ng cong y = x3 4.8 Tm m th h m s y = x4 + 8mx3 + 3(2m + 1)x2 1 c hai im un c ho nh x2 2x tho mn bt phng trnh < 0. 5 4x x2 4.9 Chng minh rng y = thng i qua ba im un . x2 2x + 1 c ba im un thng h ng. Vit phng trnh ng +x+1

4.10 Cho h m s y = x3 3mx2 + (m + 2)x + 2m a) Tm m th ca h m s c im un nm trn Parabol y = x2 . b) Chng minh rng ti im un th tip tuyn vi th c h s gc l nh nht.

11

5
5.1

Tim cn
Tm tt l thuyt

Gi s h m s y = f (x) c th l (C). 1. Tim cn ng nh l 5.1 Nu lim f (x) = th ng thng d : x = x0 l mt tim cn ng ca th

xx0

(C).

Ch 6 Nu lim f (x) = ( lim + f (x) = ) th ng thng d : x = x0 l mt tim cn

xx0 xx0

ng bn phi (bn tri) ca th (C). 2. Tim cn ngang nh l 5.2 Nu lim f (x) = y0 th ng thng d : y = y0 l mt tim cn ngang ca th
x

(C). Ch 7 Nu
x+

lim f (x) = y0 (

lim f (x) = y0 ) th ng thng d : y = y0 l mt tim cn

ngang bn phi (bn tri) ca th (C). 3. Tim cn xin nh l 5.3 iu kin cn v ng thng d : y = ax + b l mt tim cn xin ca (C) l
x+

lim [f (x) (ax + b)] = 0 (1)

x

hoc

lim [f (x) (ax + b)] = 0 (2)

hoc lim [f (x) (ax + b)] = 0 (3)

x

Nu (1) xy ra th d c gi l tim cn xin bn phi ca (C). Nu (2) xy ra th d c gi l tim cn xin bn tri ca (C). Nu (3) xy ra th d c gi l tim cn xin hai bn ca (C). Cch xc nh tim cn xin d : y = ax + b a = lim 5.1.1 f (x) ; b = lim [f (x) ax] x x x

Mt s ch v gii hn h m s

5.2

V d v b i tp

5.1 Tm tim cn ca cc h m s sau: 2x2 1 2 a) y = 2 b) y = 1 + ex x 3x + 2 2x2 + x + 1 c) y = d) y = x2 1 x+1

12 x2 c tim cn. xm

5.2 Tm m h m s y = 5.3 Tm m h m s y =

mx2 + 6x 2 khng c tim cn ng. x+2

x2 + x + a 5.4 Tm a y = c tim cn xin i qua A(2; 0). x+a

6
6.1

th ca h m s mang du gi tr tuyt i
Tm tt l thuyt

+ Hai im M0 (x0 ; y0 ) v M1 (x0 ; y0 ) i xng nhau qua gc to . + Hai im M0 (x0 ; y0 ) v M2 (x0 ; y0 ) i xng nhau qua trc ho nh. + Hai im M0 (x0 ; y0 ) v M3 (x0 ; y0 ) i xng nhau qua trc trc tung.

6.2

V d v b i tp
y= (C0 )

(x 1)(x + 2) x+1 T hy v cc th cc h m s sau: y= y= (x 1)(x + 2) x+1

6.1 V th h m s

(C1 ) (C2 ) (C3 ) (C4 ) (C5 ) (C6 )

T (C0 ) chuyn sang (C1 ) bng cch ly i xng (C0 ) qua trc ho nh. T (C0 ) chuyn sang (C2 ) bng cch gi nguyn phn nm trn trc ho nh, ly i xng phn di trc ho nh ca (C0 ) qua trc ho nh. T (C0 ) chuyn sang (C3 ) bng cch gi nguyn phn nm bn phi trc tung, ly i xng phn bn phi trc tung ca (C0 ) qua trc tung. T (C0 ) chuyn sang (C4 ) bng cch gi nguyn phn nm bn phi ng thng x = 1, ly i xng phn bn tri ng thng x = 1 ca (C0 ) qua trc ho nh. T (C0 ) chuyn sang (C5 ) bng cch gi nguyn phn nm bn phi ng thng x = 2, ly i xng phn bn tri ng thng x = 2 ca (C0 ) qua trc ho nh. T (C0 ) chuyn sang (C6 ) bng cch gi nguyn phn nm bn phi ng thng x = 1, ly i xng phn bn tri ng thng x = 1 ca (C0 ) qua trc ho nh.

(x 1)(x + 2) x+1 (|x| 1)(|x| + 2) y= |x| + 1 |(x 1)|(x + 2) y= x+1 (x 1)|x + 2| y= x+1 (x 1)(x + 2) y= |x + 1|

13 y y C1 C0 C2

C0 y C3 C4 y

C0 Ch 8 Vi h m s y = u(x).v(x) (C) hoc y = |u(x)|v(x) (C1 ) hoc y =

C0 u(x) mun v th cc h m s y = v(x)

u(x) . Ta gi nguyn th (C) trong min l m cho u(x) > 0 hoc |v(x)| v(x) > 0, (tng ng). Ly xng phn cn li qua trc ho nh.

7
7.1

Mt s b i ton lin quan n kho st h m s

Tm tt l thuyt

B i ton 1. Tm giao im hai ng Gi s h m s y = f (x) c th l (C) v h m s y = g(x) c th l (C1 ). Hy tm cc giao im ca (C) v (C1 ). Ho nh giao im ca (C) v (C1 ) l nghim ca phng trnh f (x) = g(x) (1) Nu x0 , x1 , ... l nghim ca (1) th cc im M0 (x0 ; f (x0 )), M1 (x1 ; f (x1 )), ... l cc giao im ca (C) v (C1 ).

14 y C5 C6 y

C0

C0

B i ton 2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn Cho h m s y = f (x) . a) Gi (C) l th ca n, hy vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng cong (C) ti im M0 (x0 ; f (x0 )). b) Hy vit phng trnh cc ng thng i qua im M1 (x1 ; y1 ) v tip xc vi (C). c) Hy vit phng trnh cc ng thng c h s gc k v tip xc vi (C). Cch gii a) Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M0 (x0 ; f ((x0 )) l y = f (x0 )(x x0 ) + y0 . b) ng thng d i qua M1 (x1 ; y1 ) v c h s gc k c phng trnh l y = k(x x1 ) + y1 . ng thng d tip xc vi (C), h phng trnh sau phi c nghim: f (x) = k(x x1 ) + y1 f (x) = k H phng trnh n y cho php ta xc nh ho nh x0 ca tip im, v h s gc k = f (x0 ) ca tip tuyn. Ch 9 - S nghim ca h trn khng phi lc n o cng l s tip tuyn. - C th m rng vn hai th tip xc vi nhau ti mt im chung. Cho hai h m s y = f (x) v y = g(x), gi (C) v (C ) theo th t l th ca chng. Hai th c gi l tip xc vi nhau ti mt im chung, nu ti im chng c cng mt tip tuyn. Khi im chung c gi l tip im. Nh vy, hai th (C) v (C ) tip xc vi nhau nu v ch nu h phng trnh sau y c nghim: f (x) = g(x) f (x) = g (x) B i ton 3. Bin lun phng trnh bng PP th Gi s chng ta c th h m s y = f (x) (nh kho st, hoc bin i t th mt h m s n o ). B i ton t ra l bin lun s nghim phng trnh P (x) = Q(x) c cha tham s m thng thng ta l m nh sau. - Bin i P (x) = Q(x) v f (x) = g(x, m) - Hn ch th h m s y = f (x) nu cn - S nghim ca phng trnh chnh l s giao im ca hai th (C) : y = f (x)

15 : y = g(x, m) - Cho chuyn ng theo s bin thin ca tham s m, bin lun theo m s giao im ca v (C) t ta c s nghim ca phng trnh. Cc dng th ca y = g(x, m) Dng 1. g(x, m) = h(m) th l ng thng vung gc vi Oy v ct trc tung ti im c tung bng h(m). Dng 2. g(x, m) = kx + h(m), k = const th l ng thng cng phng vi ng thng y = kx v ct trc tung ti im c tung bng h(m). Tm cc tip tuyn song song vi ng thng y = kx. gii v bin lun loi h n y ta cn so snh h(m) vi cc tung giao im ca cc tip tuyn vi Oy. Dng 3. g(x, m) = h(m)(x x0 ) + y0 , x0 , y0 = const th l ng thng lun quay quanh im A(x0 ; y0 ) c nh. Tm cc tip tuyn i qua im A(x0 ; y0 ). gii v bin lun loi h n y ta cn so snh h(m) vi cc h s gc ca cc tip tuyn.

7.2

V d v b i tp
x2 6x + 3 y= v y = xm x+2

7.1 Bin lun theo m s giao im ca th cc h m s

7.2 Bin lun bng th s nghim ca phng trnh x3 + 3x2 2 = m 7.3 Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ca h m s y = (2 x2 )2 bit rng tip tuyn i qua im A(0; 4). 7.4 Kho st v tr tng i gia th (C) ca h m s y = 4x3 3x + 1 v ng thng d : y = m(x 1) + 2. x+2 . Chng minh rng vi mi b ng thng y = x + b lun ct th x2 (C) ca h m s ti hai im thuc hai nhnh phn bit. 7.5 Cho h m s y = 7.6 Xc nh m sao cho th ca h m s y = x4 + 2mx2 2m + 1 ct trc ho nh ti bn im c ho nh lp th nh cp s cng. 7.7 Xc nh m ng thng d : y = x + m ct th (C) ca h m s y= x2 2x + 2 x1 (C)

ti hai im A, B i xng nhau qua ng thng y = x + 3.

16 7.8 Tm m ng thng d : y = 3x + m tip xc vi th (C) ca h m s y= x2 3x + 3 1x

7.9 Cho h m s y = x3 3x c th (C) v ng thng d i qua im A(1; 2) v c h s gc k. Bin lun theo k v tr tng i gia (C) v d. 7.10 Xc nh nh a ng thng y = x ct th h m s y = x3 3ax2 + 4a3 ti ba bim phn bit A, B, C sao cho AB = BC. 7.11 Xc nh m h m s y = x3 3x2 9x + m ct trc ho nh ti ba im phn bit c cc ho nh lp th nh cp s cng. (3m + 1)x m2 + m vi m = 0. Xc nh m ti giao im ca th x+m vi trc ho nh tip tuyn s song song vi ng thng y = x 10 7.12 Cho h m s y = 7.13 Chng minh rng mi tip tuyn ca th h m s y = I(1; 1). x2 x + 1 u khng i qua im x1

7.14 Lp phng trnh tip tuyn vi th (C) ca h m s y = x3 3x + 1 bit rng tip 2 tuyn n y qua A( ; 1). 3 7.15 Tm im A trn trc tung sao cho qua A c th k c ba tip tuyn vi th ca h m s y = x4 x2 + 1. x2 3x + 4 2x 2 a) Tm phng trnh tip tuyn d vi th h m s ti im A(0; 2) b) ng thng d ct tim cn ca th h m s ti im B, C. Chng minh rng A l trung im ca on BC 7.16 Cho h m s y = mx2 + (2 m2 )x 2m 1 . Tm m h m s c cc tr. Chng minh xm rng vi m tm c, trn th h m s lun tm c hai im m tip tuyn ti hai im vung gc nhau. 7.17 Cho h m s y = x2 + 3x + m . Vi gi tr n o ca m th th ca h m s trn c tip x+1 tuyn vung gc vi ng phn gic th nht ca gc hp bi hai trc to . Chng minh rng khi th h m s c im cc i v im cc tiu 7.18 Cho h m s y = 2x2 x + 1 7.19 Cho h m s y = . Chng minh rng trn ng thng y = 7 c bn im sao x1 cho t mi im c th k c hai tip tuyn vi th h m s v hai tip tuyn n y hp vi nhau mt gc 450

17 x + 3 2x 1 a) Lp phng trnh tip tuyn vi th h m s, bit tip tuyn song song vi ng phn gic th hai ca mt phng to . b) Bin lun theo k s nghim ca phng trnh 7.20 Cho h m s y = 2x2 2kx 2x + k + 3 = 0 7.21 Cho h m s y = x3 3x. Da v o th ca h m s, hybin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh x3 x(m + 3) + m 2 = 0 x2 + mx + 2m 1 mx + 1 a) Xc nh m sao cho h m s c cc tr v ng tim cn xin i qua gc to . b) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1. c) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh 7.22 Cho h m s y = cos 2x + 2(1 m) cos x + 3 2m = 0 < x < 3x2 + mx + 4 4x + m a) Vi gi tr n o ca m th tip tuyn vi th ti im c ho nh bng khng vung gc vi tim cn xin ca th. b) Xc nh cc gi tr ca a phng trnh sau c nghim 7.23 Cho h m s y = sin6 x + cos6 x = a| sin 2x| 2x2 3x + m x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 2. b) Bin lun theo a s nghim ca phng trnh 7.24 Cho h m s y = 2x2 3x + 2 + log 1 a = 0 x1 2

Khong cch
8.1 Cho h m s y = x2 x + 1 . Xc nh hai im A, B trn hai nhnh phn bit ca th x1

sao cho AB ngn nht. 8.2 Cho h m s y =

x+1 . Gi d : 2x y + m = 0. Chng minh rng d lun ct th h m s x1 ti hai im phn bit A, B trn hai nhnh ca th. Xc nh m d i AB l ngn nht.

18 x2 . Xc nh k sao cho ng thng y = k ct th h m s ti hai x1 im c khong cch bng 5. 8.3 Cho h m s y = x2 + x 5 x2 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca h m s. b) Tm trn hai nhnh phn bit ca (C) hai im A, B sao cho khong cch AB l ngn nht. c) Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch t mt im bt k trn (C) n hai tim cn lun bng mt hng s. 8.4 Cho h m s y = 8.5 Cho (C) : y = nht. x1 . Tm M (C) tng khong cch t M n hai trc to l nh x+1

x2 + 5x + 15 x+3 a) Tm M (C) to ca M l cc ss nguyn. b) Tm M (C) khong cch t M n Ox gp hai ln khong cch t M n Oy. 8.6 Cho th h m s (C) : y = 8.7 Tm M (C) : y = 8.8 Cho (C) : y = tim cn l nh nht. x2 + 3x + 3 tng khong cch t M n hai tim cn l nh nht. x+2

x2 + 2x 2 . Tm im M (C) khong cch t M n giao im hai x1

H ng cong
Pn (x) = an xn + ... + a1 x + a0

nh l 9.1 Cho a thc Khi Pn (x) = 0 c ti a n nghim. Nu Pn (x) c nhiu hn n nghim th Pn (x) c tt c cc h s bng khng. 9.1 Tm im c nh ca cc h (Cm ): a) y = x3 (m + 1)x2 (2m2 3m + 2)x + 2m(2m 1) 2x2 + (1 m)x + (1 + m) b) y = vi m = 1 xm 9.2 Chng minh rng (Cm ) : y = (m + 2)x3 3(m + 2)x2 4x + 2m 1 c ba im c nh thng h ng. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua ba im c nh . x2 + mx m2 9.3 Cho ng cong (Cm ) : y = . Tm cc im trong mt phng sao cho c xm ng hai ng cong ca h (Cm ) i qua.

19 9.4 Cho h ng cong (Cm ) : y = mx2 (m2 + m 1)x + (m2 m + 2) xm

Chng minh rng mi im bn phi ng thng x = 1 lun c ng hai ng cong (Cm ) i qua. 9.5 Tm trn mt phng nhng im m khng c th n o ca h (Cm ) i qua: (3m + 1)x m2 + m a) y = x+m b) y = 2x3 + 3mx2 m3 5m2 4

10
10.1

Tm i xng. Trc i xng ca th h m s.

Tm tt l thuyt

Cng thc i h trc to Cho h trc to cc Oxy v h trc to IXY . Gii s im M(x; y) v I(x0 ; y0 ) trong h x = x0 + X trc to Oxy. Khi trong h trc to IXY im M(X; Y ) v ta c y = y0 + Y nh ngha 10.1 H m s y = f (x) c tp xc nh l D c gi l h m s chn trn D nu x D th x D v f (x) = f (x). H m s y = f (x) c tp xc nh l D c gi l h m s l trn D nu x D th x D v f (x) = f (x). nh l 10.1 th h m s chn nhn trc tung l m trc i xng. th h m s l nhn gc to l m tm i xng. Ch 10 - Mun chng minh th mt h m s c tm i xng hay c trc i xng ta cn dng php i h trc to v chng minh h m s l h m s l hay chn. - th h m s bc ba nhn im un l m tm i xng. th cc h m s phn thc (bc hai/bc nht hay bc nht/bc nht) nhn giao im hai tim cn l m tm i xng. th h m s trng phng nhn trc tung l m trc i xng.

10.2

V d v b i tp
y = x4 4x3 + 7x2 6x + 4

10.1 Chng minh rng ng thng : x = 1 l trc i xng ca th (C) ca h m s

10.2 Cho th (C) : y =

2x + 3 .Chng minh rng (C) nhn I(1; 2) l m tm i xng. x1

20

11

Phn cc luyn tp

2x2 4x 3 . 2(x 1) b) Tm m phng trnh 2x2 4x 3 + 2m|x 1| = 0 c hai nghim phn bit. 11.1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s y = 11.2 Cho h m s x2 + (2m + 1)x + m2 + m + 4 y= (1) 2(x + m)

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 0. b) Tm m h m s (1) c cc tr v tnh khong cch gia hai im cc tr ca th h m s (1). 11.3 Cho h m s y = (x 1)(x2 + mx + m) (1) a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 4. b) Tm m th h m s (1) ct trc ho nh ti ba im phn bit. 2x 1 (1) x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca h m s (1). b) Gi I l giao im hai tim cn ca (C). Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti M vung gc vi ng thng IM. 11.4 Cho h m s y = x2 + 5x + m2 + 6 x+3 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Tm m h m s ng bin trn khong (1; +). 11.5 Cho h m s y = 11.6 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca h m s y = 2x3 3x2 1 b) Gi dk l ng thng i qua im M(0; 1) v c h s gc k. Tm k ng thng dk ct (C) ti ba im phn bit. 11.7 Cho h m s y = x4 mx2 + m 1 (1) a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 8 b) Xc nh m sao th h m s (1) ct trc ho nh ti bn im phn bit. x2 2x + m x2 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1. b) Xc nh m h m s nghch bin trn on [1; 0]. c) Tm a phng trnh sau c nghim: 11.8 Cho h m s y = 91+
1t2

1 1 11.9 Cho h m s y = x3 + mx2 2x 2m 3 3 1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca 2 th h m s, bit rng tip tuyn song song vi ng thng d : y = 4x + 2 5 b) Tm m 0; sao cho hnh phng gii hn bi th ca h m s v cc ng thng 6 x = 0, x = 2, y = 0 c din tch bng 4.

(a + 2)31+

1t2

+ 2a + 1 = 0

21 11.10 Cho h m s y = (x m)3 3x a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Tm m h m s t cc tiu ti im c ho nh x = 0. c) Tm k h phng trnh sau c nghim: |x 1|3 3x k < 0 1 1 log2 x2 + log2 (x 1)3 1. 2 3 11.11 Cho h m s y =

x2 + mx 1x a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 0 b) Tm m h m s c cc i v cc tiu. Vi gi tr n o ca m th khong cch gia hai im cc tr ca h m s bng 10. 1 11.12 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s y = x3 2x2 + 3x 3 b) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi th v trc ho nh. x2 x + 1 11.13 Cho h m s y = (1) x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Da v o th h m s (1), hy v th h m s sau y = 11.14 Cho h m s y = x2 |x| + 1 |x| 1

x+3 (1) x+2 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s 1 b) Chng minh rng ng thng y = x m lun ct th h m s (1) ti hai im phn bit 3 A, B. Xc nh m sao cho d i on AB l nh nht. 11.15 Cho h m s y = x3 + 3x 2 (1) a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (1), bit tip tuyn i qua im A(2; 0) c) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh x3 3x + 2 + log2 m = m vi m l tham s dng. 1 (1) x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Tip tuyn tu vi th (1) ca h m s ct hai tim cn ti A, B, gi I l giao im hai tim cn. Chng minh rng din tch tam gic IAB khng i khi tip tuyn thay i. 11.16 Cho h m s y = x + 1 + x2 + x 1 (1) x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Tm m ng thng y = mx 2m + 2 ct th (1) ti hai im thuc hai nhnh ca (1). 11.17 Cho h m s y =

22 x2 + 2x + 2 (1) x+1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh 11.18 Cho h m s y = x2 + 2x + 2 mx m = 0 x+1 11.19 Cho h m s a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Chng minh rng khi m = 0, th h m s ct trc ho nh ti ba im phn bit. x2 x + m 1x a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Tm m h m s c cc i, cc tiu, ng thi hai im cc i, cc tiu nm v hai pha ca trc tung. 11.20 Cho h m s y = x2 + (m + 2)x + 2(m + 1) x+1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 0 b) Tm m tim cn xin ca th h m s to vi hai trc to mt tam gic c din tch bng 8 11.21 Cho h m s y = 2 11.22 Cho h m s y = x3 mx2 + 1 3 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Tm m th h m s tip xc vi trc ho nh. 2x + 4 x+1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Chng minh rng ng thng y = 2x + m lun ct th h m s ti hai im phn bit A, B. Tm m AB ngn nht. 11.23 Cho h m s y = x2 + 1 x a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh 11.24 Cho h m s y = x2 + 1 m2 + 1 = x m x2 + (m + 2)x m x+1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Xc nh m h m s c cc i v cc tiu c) Tm m ng thng y = x 4 ct th h m s ti hai im i xng nhau qua ng thng y = x 11.25 Cho h m s y = y = x3 (m + 1)x2 + (m 1)x + 1

23 11.26 Cho h m s y = x3 + mx2 x m a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Tm m th h m s ct trc ho nh ti ba im phn bit v ho nh cc giao im lp th nh cp s cng. c) Tm cc im m th h m s lun i qua vi mi m. x2 + 2x + 1 x a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s 1 b) Tm m phng trnh |x + 2| + = log2 m c ng ba nghim phn bit. x 11.27 Cho h m s y = x2 2x + 2 x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Gi I l giao im hai tim cn. Hy vit phng trnh ng thng qua I sao cho chng c h s gc nguyn v ct th h m s ti bn im phn bit l bn nh ca mt hnh ch nht 11.28 Cho h m s y = x2 + 2x 5 x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Xc nh m ng thng y = mx ct th h m s ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho gc to O l trung im AB 11.29 Cho h m s y = 2x2 + x + 1 x+1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch t mt im M bt k trn th n hai ng tim cn ca n lun l mt hng s. 11.30 Cho h m s y = 1 (1) x 1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 4 b) Tm m h m s (1) c cc tr v khong cch t im cc tiu ca th h m s (1) n 1 tim cn xin bng 2 11.31 Cho h m s y = mx + 11.32 Cho h m s a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Tm k phng trnh x3 + 3x2 + k 3 3k 2 = 0 y = x3 + 3mx2 + 3(1 m2 )x + m3 m2 (1)

c ba nghim phn bit c) Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca h m s (1) mx2 + x + m 11.33 Cho h m s y = (1) x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Tm m th h m s (1) ct trc ho nh ti hai im phn bit v hai im c hanh dng.

24 x2 + 3x 3 2(x 1) a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Tm m ng thng y = m ct th h m s ti hai im A, B sao cho AB = 1 11.34 Cho h m s y = 11.35 Cho h m s y = mx4 + (m2 9)x2 + 10 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Tm m h m s c ba cc tr. 11.36 Cho h m s y = x3 3x2 + m a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 2 b) Tm m h m s c hai im phn bit i xng nhau qua gc to 1 11.37 Cho h m s y = x3 2x2 + 3x 3 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im un. Chng minh rng l tip tuyn c h s gc nh nht. x2 + (m + 1)x + m + 1 x+1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Chng minh rng vi m bt k, th h m s lun c im cc i v im cc tiu, ng thi khong cch gia hai im bng 20 11.38 Cho h m s y = (2m 1)x m2 (1) x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1, gi (C) l th ca h m s b) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi ng cong (C) v hai trc to . c) Tm m th h m s (1) tip xc vi ng thng y = x 11.39 Cho h m s y = x2 2x + 4 11.40 Cho h m s y = (1) x2 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Tm m ng thng y = mx + 2 2m ct th h m s (1) ti hai im phn bit. 1 m 1 11.41 Cho h m s y = x3 x2 + 3 2 3 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 2 b) Gi M l im thuc th h m s c ho nh bng 1. Tm m tip tuyn vi th h m s ti M song song vi ng thng 5x y = 0 1 11.42 Cho h m s y = x2 x + 2; (C) 4 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s 7 b) Chng minh rng t im A( ; 0) c th v c hai tip tuyn ca th h m s cho v 2 hai tip tuyn n y vung gc vi nhau. c) Gi d l ng thng i qua B(1; 1) v c h s gc k. Bin lun theo k v tr tng i ca d v (C).

25 11.43 Cho h m s y = 2x2 + 2mx + m 1 c th l (Cm ) a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1; m = 2 b) Xc nh m sao cho h m s: 1) ng bin trong (1; +) 2) C cc tr trong (1; +) c) Chng minh rng (Cm ) lun lun ct trc ho nh ti hai im phn bit M, N. Xc nh m sao cho MN l nh nht. 11.44 Cho h m s y = x3 + 3x2 + 9x + 2 (1) a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Chng minh rng th ca h m s (1) c tm i xng. c) Gi a l ho nh ca tm i xng, hy gii bt phng trnh f (x a) 2 11.45 Cho h m s y = x3 + 3x2 + 1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh x3 + 3x2 + m = 0 3x + 2 x+2 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Tm cc im trn th h m s c to l nhng s nguyn. c) Chng minh rng khng c tip tuyn n o ca th h m s i qua giao im hai tim cn. 11.46 Cho h m s y = x+3 x+1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Gi (C) l th ca h m s cho. Chng minh rng ng thng y = 2x + m lun ct (C) ti hai im phn bit M, N. c) Xc nh m sao cho d i on MN l nh nht. d) Tip tuyn ti mt im S bt k ca (C) ct hai ng tim cn ca (C) ti P, Q. Chng minh rng S l trung im ca P Q. 11.47 Cho h m s y = 1 x a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Gi (C) l th ca h m s cho. Tm cc to ca tm i xng ca th (C). c) Chng minh rng trn (C) tn ti nhng cp im m tip tuyn ti song song vi nhau. d) Xc nh m ng thng y = m ct (C) ti hai im A, B sao cho OAOB 11.48 Cho h m s y = x x2 3x x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s b) Gi (C) l th ca h m s cho. Tm cc im trn (C) c cc to l cc s nguyn. c) Chng minh rng ng thng d : y = x + m lun lun ct (C) ti hai im phn bit M, N d) Gi s ng thng d ct hai tim cn ca (C) ti P, Q. Chng minh rng hai on MN v P Q c cng trung im. 11.49 Cho h m s y = x2 + mx + 2m 1 (Cm ) mx + 1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 11.50 Cho h m s y =

26 b) Xc nh m sao cho h m s c cc tr v tim cn xin ca Cm i qua gc to . c) Bin lun theo tham s h, s nghim ca phng trnh cos 2t + 2(1 h) cos t + 3 2h = 0 < t < x2 + mx 2m 4 x+2 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Xc nh m h m s c cc tr. c) Gi (C) l th h m s trn. Gi s tip tuyn ti M (C) ct hai tim cn ti P, Q. Chng minh rng MP = MQ 11.51 Cho h m s y = x2 + mx m + 8 x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Vit phng trnh Parabol i qua im cc i, cc tiu ca th (C) v tip xc vi ng thng 2x y 10 = 0 c) Trong trng hp tng qut, hy xc nh tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m im cc i, cc tiu ca th h m s cho v hai pha ca ng thng 9x 7y 1 = 0 11.52 Cho h m s y = 11.53 Cho h m s y = x3 + ax + 2 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi a = 3 b) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca a th h m s ct trc ho nh ti mt v ch mt im. 11.54 Cho h m s 1 2 y = x3 mx2 x + m + (C) 3 3

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 0 b) Tm im c nh ca th h m s (C) c) Vi gi tr n o ca m th th (C) ct trc ho nh ti ba im phn bit c ho nh l x1 , x2 , x3 tho mn iu kin x2 + x2 + x2 > 15 1 2 3 x2 + mx m + 8 x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Vit phng trnh Parabol i qua im cc i, im cc tiu ca th (C) v tip xc vi ng thng 2x y 10 = 0 c) Trong trng hp tng qut, hy xc nh tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m im cc i, im cc tiu ca th h m s cho v hai pha ca ng thng 9x 7y 9 = 0. 11.55 Cho h m s y = 11.56 Cho h m s y = x3 3mx2 + (m2 + 2m 3)x + 4 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca h m s khi m = 1 b) Vit phng trnh Parabol i qua im cc i, im cc tiu ca th (C) v tip xc vi ng thng y = 2x + 2 c) Trong trng hp tng qut, hy xc nh tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m im cc i, im cc tiu ca th h m s cho v hai pha ca trc tung.

27 11.57 Cho h m s y = x3 + ax + 2 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi a = 3 b) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca a th h m s ct trc ho nh ti mt v ch mt im. 11.58 Cho h m s y = x3 + 3x2 + 2 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s. b) Tm cc im thuc th h m s m qua k c mt v ch mt tip tuyn vi th. x2 + x 1 x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s. b) Tm trn th nhng im cch u hai trc to . c) Vi nhng gi tr n o ca m th ng thng y = m x ct th h m s ti hai im phn bit. Chng minh rng khi hai giao im u thuc cng mt nhnh ca th. 11.59 Cho h m s y = x2 x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s. b) Tm hai im A, B trn th v i xng nhau qua ng thng y = x 1. 11.60 Cho h m s y = 2x2 + (a + 1)x 3 x+a a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi a = 2 b) Xc nh a ng tim cn xin ca th h m s tip xc vi Parabol y = x2 + 5 c) Tm qu tch giao im ca hai tim cn khi a thay i. 11.61 Cho h m s y = 11.62 Cho h m s y = x3 3(m + 1)x2 + 2(m2 + 7m + 2)x 2m(m + 2) a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s khi m = 0 b) Tm m phng trnh y(x) = 0 c ba nghim phn bit 1. x2 11.63 Cho h m s y = x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca h m s b) Vit phng trnh Parabol i qua im cc i, im cc tiu ca th (C) v tip xc vi 1 ng thng y = 2 c) Tm hai im A, B thuc hai nhnh khc nhau ca th h m s khong cch gia chng l nh nht. 3 x1 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s. b) Chng minh rng ng thng y = 2x + m lun lun ct th h m s ti hai im c ho nh x1 , x2 . Tm gi tr ca m sao cho khong cch gia hai im cc tr l nh nht. 11.64 Cho h m s y = x + 3 + 11.65 Cho h m s y = x3 3x2 + 2 a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca h m s. b) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s a phng trnh x3 3x2 a = 0 c ba nghim phn bit, trong c ng hai nghim ln hn 1.