Thng mi in t xut hin cng vi s ph cp mng Internet v my tnh t cui nhng nm 1990 u nhng nm 2000.

Thng mi in t c bit n vi kh nhiu tn gi, ph bin nht l Thng mi in t, bn cnh l cc tn gi nh kinh doanh in t, thng mi phi giy t, marketing in t. Ti Vit Nam, thng mi in t thng c hiu theo c ngha hp v ngha rng. Theo ngha hp, thng mi in t l vic mua bn hng ha v dch v thng qua cc phng tin in t v mng vin thng. Theo ngha rng, thng mi iin t l vic ng dng cc thnh tu ca cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng vo cc hot ng qun l v kinh doanh. Thng mi in t cng chnh thc c a vo trong chng trnh o to cc bc i hc, cao ng v sau i hc, in hnh l ti trng i hc Ngoi thng (2004), i hc Thng mi (2005) v i hc Kinh t Quc dn. C quan qun l cao nht v Thng mi in t l Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, B Cng thng. [sa]nh

ngha

Thng mi in t (cn gi l E-Commerce hay E-Business) l quy trnh mua bn hng ha v dch v thng qua cc phng tin in t v mng vin thng, c bit l qua my tnh v mng Internet. Thng mi in t (Electronic Commerce), mt yu t hp thnh ca nn "Kinh t s ha", l hnh thi hot ng thng mi bng cc phng php in t; l vic trao i thng tin thng mi thng qua cc phng tin cng ngh in t m ni chung l khng cn phi in ra giy trong bt c cng on no ca qu trnh giao dch (nn cn gi l "Thng mi khng c giy t"). "Thng tin" trong khi nim trn c hiu l bt c g c th truyn ti bng k thut in t, bao gm c th t, cc tp vn bn, cc c s d liu, cc bn tnh, cc bn v thit k bng my tnh in t, cc hnh ha, qung co, hi hng, n hng, ha n, biu gi, hp ng, cc mu n, cc biu mu, hnh nh ng, m thanh, v.v... "Thng mi" (commerce) trong khi nim thng mi in t c hiu (nh quy nh trong "o lut mu v thng mi in t" ca Lin hip quc) l mi vn ny sinh ra t mi mi quan h mang tnh cht thng mi (commercial), d c hay khng c hp ng. Cc mi quan h mang tnh thng mi bao gm bt c giao dch thng mi no v cung cp hoc trao i hng ha, dch v; tho thun phn phi, i din hoc i l thng mi; y thc hoa hng, cho thu di hn; xy dng cc cng trnh; t vn; k thut cng trnh; u t; cp vn; ngn hng; bo him; tha thun khai thc hoc t nhng; lin doanh v cc hnh thc khc v hp tc cng nghip hoc kinh doanh; chuyn ch hng ha hay hnh khch bng ng bin, ng khng, ng st, ng b; v v.v... Nh vy, phm vi cathng mi in t (E-commerce) rt rng, bao qut hu nh mi hnh thi hot ng kinh t, m khng ch bao gm bun bn hng hav dch v; bun bn hng ho v dch v ch l mt trong hng nghn lnh vc p dng ca thng mi in t. [sa]Cc

khi nim khc nhau

Hai khi nim ph bin nht l "Thng mi in t" (ting Anh l E-Commerce) v "Kinh doanh in t" (ting Anh l E-Business). Nu thng mi in t ch yu bao hm cc hot ng marketing, bn hng, phn phi v thanh ton c ng dng cc phng tin in t v mng vin thng trong giao dch, th kinh doanh in t bao hm phm vi rng hn ca ng dng cc phng tin in t, mng vin thng vo cc kha cnh ca hot ng kinh doanh. c bit l ba hot ng chnh: Qun l chui cung ng (SCM), qun l ngun lc doanh nghip (ERP) v qun l quan h khch hng (CRM). Nhn mt cch tng qut, cc nh ngha thng mi in t c chia thnh hai nhm ty thuc vo quan im: [sa]Hiu

theo ngha hp

Theo ngha hp, thng mi in t ch n thun b hp thng mi in t trong vic mua bn hng ha v dch v thng qua cc phng tin in t, nht l qua Internet v cc mng vin thng. Theo T chc Thng mi th gii (WTO), "Thng mi in t bao gm vic sn xut, qung co, bn hng v phn phi sn phm c mua bn v thanh ton trn mng Internet, nhng c giao nhn mt cch hu hnh, c cc sn phm giao nhn cng nh nhng thng tin s ho thng qua mng Internet". Theo y ban Thng mi in t ca T chc Hp tc kinh t chu - Thi Bnh Dng (APEC), "Thng mi in t l cng vic kinh doanh c tin hnh thng qua truyn thng s liu v cng ngh tin hc k thut s". [sa]Hiu

theo ngha rng

C hai nh ngha khi qut c y nht phm vi hot ng ca Thng mi in t: Lut mu v Thng mi in t ca y ban Lin hp quc v Lut Thng mi quc t (UNCITRAL) nh ngha: "Thut ng thng mi [commerce] cn c din gii theo ngha rng bao qut cc vn pht sinh t mi quan h mang tnh cht thng mi d c hay khng c hp ng. Cc quan h mang tnh thng mi commercial bao gm, nhng khng ch bao gm, cc giao dch sau y: bt c giao dch no v cung cp hoc trao i hng ha hoc dch v; tho thun phn phi; i din hoc i l thng mi, y thc hoa hng (factoring), cho thu di hn (leasing); xy dng cc cng trnh; t vn, k thut cng trnh (engineering); u t; cp vn, ngn hng; bo him; tha thun khai thc hoc t nhng, lin doanh v cc hnh thc v hp tc cng nghip hoc kinh doanh; chuyn ch hng ha hay hnh khch bng ng bin, ng khng, ng st hoc ng b". Theo nh ngha ny, c th thy phm vi hot ng ca thng mi in t rt rng, bao qut hu ht cc lnh vc hot ng kinh t, trong hot ng mua bn hng ha v dch v ch l mt phm vi rt nh trong thng mi in t.

Theo y ban chu u: "Thng mi in t c hiu l vic thc hin hot ng kinh doanh qua cc phng tin in t. N da trn vic x l v truyn d liu in t di dng text, m thanh v hnh nh". Thng mi in t trong nh ngha ny gm nhiu hnh vi trong : hot ng mua bn hng ha; dch v; giao nhn cc ni dung k thut s trn mng; chuyn tin in t; mua bn c phiu in t, vn n in t; u gi thng mi; hp tc thit k; ti nguyn trn mng; mua sm cng cng; tip th trc tip vi ngi tiu dng v cc dch v sau bn hng; i vi thng mi hng ho (nh hng tiu dng, thit b y t chuyn dng) v thng mi dch v (nh dch v cung cp thng tin, dch v php l, ti chnh); cc hot ng truyn thng (nh chm sc sc kho, gio dc) v cc hot ng mi (nh siu th o) Theo quan im th hai nu trn, "thng mi" (commerce) trong "thng mi in t" khng ch l bun bn hng ho v dch v (trade) theo cc hiu thng thng, m bao qut mt phm vi rng ln hn nhiu, do vic p dng thng mi in t s lm thay i hnh thi hot ng ca hu ht nn kinh t. Theo c tnh n nay, thng mi in t c ti trn 1.300 lnh vc ng dng, trong , bun bn hng ho v dch v ch l mt lnh vc ng dng. Cc im c bit ca thng mi in t so vi cc knh phn phi truyn thng l tnh linh hot cao v mt cung ng v gim thiu ln ph tn vn ti vi cc i tc kinh doanh. Cc ph tn khc th d nh ph tn in thoi v i li thu nhp khc hng hay ph tn trnh by gii thiu cng c gim xung. Mc du vy, ti cc dch v vt cht c th, khong cch khng gian vn cn phi c khc phc v v th i hi mt kh nng tip vn ph hp nht nh. Ngy nay ngi ta hiu khi nim thng mi in t thng thng l tt c cc phng php tin hnh kinh doanh v cc quy trnh qun tr thng qua cc knh in t m trong Internet hay t nht l cc k thut v giao thc c s dng trong Internet ng mt vai tr c bn v cng ngh thng tin c coi l iu kin tin quyt. Mt kha cnh quan trng khc l khng cn phi thay i phng tin truyn thng, mt c trng cho vic tin hnh kinh doanh truyn thng. Thm vo l tc ng ca con ngi vo quy trnh kinh doanh c gim xung n mc ti thiu. Trong trng hp ny ngi ta gi l Thng n gia cng (Straight Through Processing). lm c iu ny i hi phi tch hp rng ln cc cc tnh nng kinh doanh. [sa]Phng

tin ca thng mi in t

Cc phng tin in t c s dng trong thng mi in t l: 1. My in thoi; 2. My fax; 3. Truyn hnh; 4. Cc h thng thit b cng ngh thanh ton in t (Bao gm c mng gi tr gia tng); 5. Cc mng ni b (Intranet) v Mng ngoi b (Extranet);

6. Mng ton cu Internet. Cng c Internet v Website ngy cng ph bin, giao dch thng mi in t vi nc ngoi hu nh u qua Internet, cc mng ni b v ngoi b nay cng thng s dng cng ngh Internet. [sa]Hnh

thc giao dch

Cc hnh thc hot ng ch yu ca giao dch thng mi in t l: 1. Th in t (email); 2. Thanh ton in t (electronic payment); 3. Trao i d liu in t (electronic data interchange - EDI); 4. Giao gi s ha cc d liu (digital delivery of content), tc vic mua bn, trao i cc sn phm m ngi ta cn ni dung (chnh ni dung l hng ho), m khng cn ti vt mang hng ho (nh: phim nh, m nhc, cc chng trnh truyn hnh, phn mm my tnh, v.v...); 5. Bn l hng ho hu hnh (retail of tangible goods). Trong cc hnh thc trn, trao i d liu in t (di dng cc d liu c cu trc) l hnh thc ch yu. [sa]Cch

giao tip

Thng mi in t bao gm bn loi giao tip: 1. Ngi vi ngi (qua in thoi, th in t, fax); 2. Ngi vi my tnh in t (qua cc mu biu in t, qua Website); 3. My tnh in t vi ngi (qua fax, th in t); 4. My tnh in t vi my tnh in t (qua trao i d liu c cu trc, th thng minh, m vch). [sa]Cch

giao dch

Giao dch thng mi in t tin hnh: 1. Gia cc doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng; 2. Gia cc doanh nghip vi nhau; 3. Gia doanh nghip vi Chnh ph; 4. Gia ngi tiu th vi Chnh ph; 5. Gia cc c quan Chnh ph. 6. gia con ngi vi con ngi thng qua cng c my tnh Trong cc quan h giao dch ni trn, giao dch gia cc doanh nghip vi nhau l quan h ch yu. [sa]Tiu

chun k thut

eBXML XML cho quy trnh kinh doanh in t XBEL XML dng trong k ton BMECat XML dng trong trao i d liu danh mc hng ha, thng tin gi c,... WClass H thng nhm hng ha ca cng nghip in UNSPSC - Tiu chun phn loi hng ha shopinfo.xml Cung cp d liu sn phm v ca hng

[sa]Li

ch ca thng mi in t

Gip cho cc Doanh nghip nm c thng tin phong ph v th trng v i tc Gim chi ph sn xut Gim chi ph bn hng v tip th Thng qua Internet gip ngi tiu dng v cc doanh nghip gim ng k thi gian v ch ph giao dch

Thit lp v cng c mi quan h gia cc thnh phn tham gia vo qu trnh thng mi. To iu kin sm tip cn nn kinh t s ha.
[1]

[sa]Cc

loi th trng in t

Ty thuc vo i tc kinh doanh ngi ta gi l th trng B2B, B2C, C2B hay C2C. Th trng m l nhng th trng m tt c mi ngi c th ng k v tham gia. Ti mt th trng ng ch c mt s thnh vin nht nh c mi hay cho php tham gia. Mt th trng ngang tp trung vo mt quy trnh kinh doanh ring l nht nh, th d nh cung cp: nhiu doanh nghip c th t cc ngnh khc nhau tham gia nh l ngi mua v lin h vi mt nhm nh cung cp. Ngc li, th trng dc m phng nhiu quy trnh kinh doanh khc nhau ca mt ngnh duy nht hay mt nhm ngi dng duy nht. Sau khi ln sng lc quan v thng mi in t ca nhng nm 1990 qua i, thi gian m xut hin nhiu th trng in t, ngi ta cho rng sau mt qu trnh tp trung ch c mt s t th trng ln l s tip tc tn ti. Th nhng bn cnh l ngy cng nhiu nhng th trng chuyn mn nh. Ngy nay tnh hnh khc hn i: cng ngh thc hin mt th trng in t r i rt nhiu. Thm vo l xu hng kt ni nhiu thng tin cho hng khc nhau thng qua cc giao din lp trnh ng dng thnh lp mt th trng chung c mt cho hng cao. Ngoi ra cc th trng c lp trc y cn c tch hp ngy cng nhiu bng cc gii php phn mm cho mt cng Web ton din. [sa]Phn

loi thng mi in t

Thng mi in t c th c phn loi theo tnh cch ca ngi tham gia: Ngi tiu dng

C2C (Consumer-To-Comsumer) Ngi tiu dng vi ngi tiu dng C2B (Consumer-To-Business) Ngi tiu dng vi doanh nghip C2G (Consumer-To-Government) Ngi tiu dng vi chnh ph

Doanh nghip B2C (Business-To-Consumer) Doanh nghip vi ngi tiu dng B2B (Business-To-Business) Doanh nghip vi doanh nghip B2G (Business-To-Government) Doanh nghip vi chnh ph B2E (Business-To-Employee) Doanh nghip vi nhn vin

Chnh ph G2C (Government-To-Consumer) Chnh ph vi ngi tiu dng G2B (Government-To-Business) Chnh ph vi doanh nghip G2G (Government-To-Government) Chnh ph vi chnh ph

[sa]Cc

i hi ca thng mi in t

Song song vi cc li ch r rt, trc mt cng nh lu di; Thng mi in t , ang, v cn tip tc t ra hng lot cc i hi phi p ng, v cc vn cn phi gii quyt, trn tt c cc bnh din bao gm: doanh nghip, quc gia v quc t. Nhng i hi ca thng mi in t l mt tng th ca hng chc vn phc tp an xen vo nhau trong mt mi quan h hu c; v bao gm: [sa]H

tng c s cng ngh

Ch c th tin hnh thc t v mt cch c hiu qu thng mi in t khi c mt h tng c s cng ngh thng tin nng lc, bao gm hai nhnh: tnh ton (computing) vtruyn thng (communications), hai nhnh ny ngoi cng ngh thit b cn cn phi c mt nn cng nghip in t vng mnh lm nn; v hin nay ang c xu hng a c cng ngh bo mt v an ton vo c s h tng cng ngh ca thng mi in t. i hi v h tng c s cng ngh bao gm hai mt: mt l tnh tin tin, hin i v cng ngh v thit b, hai l tnh ph cp v kinh t ( r tin ng o con ngi c th thc t tip cn c). [sa]H

tng c s nhn lc

Hot ng thng mi, theo ng ngha ca ch "thng mi" trong "thng mi in t", lin quan ti mi ngi, t ngi tiu dng n doanh nghip, phn phi, Chnh ph, cc nh cng ngh, nn vic p dng thng mi in t tt yu i hi a s con ngi phi c k nng thc t ng dng cng ngh thng tin mt cch c hiu qu, c thi quen lm vic trn my tnh, trn mng my tnh, v cn phi c mt i ng chuyn gia thng tin mnh. [sa]Bo

mt, an ton

Giao dch thng mi qua cc phng tin in t, trong mi d liu (k c ch k) u dng s ho, t ra yu cu nghim ngt v tnh bo mt, an ton, trnh mt tin, la gt, thay i thng tin, xm nhp d liu, v.v... l cc ri ro ngy mt ln, khng ch vi ngi bun bn, m c vi

ngi qun l, vi tng quc gia, v cc h thng in t c th b k xu (thng gi l "hacker") xm nhp, i hi phi c cc h thng bo mt, an ton c thit k trn c s k thut m ha hin i, v mt c ch an ninh hu hiu (nht l i vi cc h thng c lin quan ti an ninh quc gia). Ngoi ra, cn c nhu cu ngy cng tng v gi gn b mt ring t. [sa]H

thng thanh ton t ng

Thng mi in t ch c th thc hin thc t v c hiu qu khi tn ti mt h thng thanh ton ti chnh mc pht trin cao, cho php tin hnh thanh ton t ng (trong "th thng minh") c vai tr c bit quan trng trong kinh doanh bn l; khi cha c h thng ny, th thng mi in t ch gii hn trong khu trao i tin tc, cn vic bun bn hng ha v dch v vn phi kt thc bng tr tin trc tip hoc qua cc phng tin thanh ton truyn thng; hiu qu s thp, rt c th khng b p chi ph trang b phng tin thng mi in t. [sa]Bo

v s hu tr tu

Gi tr ca sn phm ngy nay tp trung "cht xm"; ti sn ca con ngi, ca quc gia, ang quy dn v "ti sn cht xm", thng tin tr thnh ti sn, v bo v ti sn cui cng s tr thnh bo v s hu tr tu. V th trong vic truyn gi cc d liu qua mng ni ln vn bo v s hu cht xm v bn quyn ca cc thng tin (hnh thc qung co, nhn hiu thng mi, cu trc c s d liu, cc ni dung truyn gi), cc kha cnh phc tp hn nhiu so vi vic bo v s hu tr tu trong nn kinh t vt th. [sa]Bo

v ngi tiu dng

Bo v ngi tiu dng l mc tiu ngy cng c cao trong thng mi. Quy cch phm cht hng ha, v cc thng tin lin quan trong thng mi in t u dng s ha, nn ngi mua chu ri ro ln hn so vi giao dch thng mi vt th; b cu, phi c c ch trung gian m bo cht lng, l mt kha cnh ang ni ln trc thc tin ri ro ang ngy cng gia tng trong giao dch thng mi in t, xm phm vo quyn li ca ngi tiu dng. [sa]Mi

trng kinh t v php l

Mi mt quc gia, thng mi in t ch c th tin hnh khi tnh php l ca n c tha nhn (biu hin c th bng s tha nhn php l gi tr ca cc giao dch in t, ch k in t, ch k s ha, cc thanh ton in t, cc d liu c xut x t cc c quan nh nc, s hu tr tu hm cha trong thng tin trn Website, b mt i t, v bo v php l i vi mng thng tin chng ti phm xm nhp), v c cc c quan xc thc hoc chng nhn ch k in t, v.v...; Ngoi ra, cn i hi mi doanh nghip, hng ha v dch v u c m ha thng nht; mt h thng thu thch hp x l cc d liu v cc dch v mua bn qua mng; ni cch khc, i hi phi c mt mi trng kinh t tiu chun ha mc cao, vi cc kha cnh ca thng mi in t c phn nh y trong quan h ni lut. Trn bnh din quc t, vn mi trng php l cn phc tp hn na, v cc trao i l xuyn quc gia, i hi phi c s hi ha gia cc h thng php lut v h thng chnh tr khc nhau.

[sa]Tc

ng vn ho x hi

Tc ng vn ha x hi ca thng mi in t xut hin khi s dng Internet lm cng c giao tip, nh khi tin hnh thng mi in t qua bin gii (vi nc khc), hoc nu trong mt quc gia nhng s dng Iternet, Web lm cng c mng. Internet c th tr thnh "hp th" giao dch mua bn dm, ma tu, v bun lu; cc lc lng phn x hi a ln Internet phim con heo, cc tuyn truyn kch dc c mc ch i vi tr em, cc hng dn lm bom th, lm cht n ph hoi, cc loi tuyn truyn kch ng bo lc, phn bit chng tc, k th tn gio, v.v...; Internet cng c th tr thnh mt phng tin thun li cho cc lc lng chng i s dng tuyn truyn, kch ng lt Chnh ph v hoc gy ri lm lon trt t x hi; ngoi ra phi tnh ti tc ng v cun ht thanh nin theo cc li sng khng ph hp vi bn sc vn ho dn tc (nu ch lm thng mi in t trong nc, thng qua ni mng cc doanh nghip, s dng mng quc gia, m khng dng Internet, th khng cn tnh ti tc ng tiu cc ny; nhng nu khng li dng Internet lm cng c giao tip chung, m thit lp cc mng ring th khng c tnh kinh t, v vic lm thng mi in t vi nc ngoi s b hn ch). [sa]L

thuc cng ngh

Hoa K ang khng ch ton b cng ngh thng tin trn th gii, c phn cng cng nh phn mm (bao gm phn mm h thng v phn mm ng dng), chun cng ngh Internet, cc phn mm tm kim v trnh duyt ch yu cng l ca Hoa K, Hoa K i u v c nhiu thc tin v kinh t s ha v thng mi in t. Mt khi thng mi c s ha th ton th gii s chu s khng ch cng ngh Hoa K v cc nc tin tin gn vi Hoa K, l iu c th a ti nhiu h qu. Thng mi in t bao trm mt phm v rng ln cc hot ng kinh t x hi, v h tng c s ca n l mt tng ha phc hp ca hng chc mt vn ; cho nn, tuyt i khng nn nhn nhn thng mi in t n thun ch l vic dng phng tin in t thc hin cc hnh vi bun bn truyn thng, m nn hiu rng mt khi chp nhn v p dng thng mi in t th ton b hnh thi hot ng ca mt t nc s thay i, c h thng gio dc, c tp qun lm vic v sinh hot hng ngy. [sa]Quy

nh php lut ca mt s quc gia

Wikipedia ting Vit hon ton khng chu trch nhim v ni dung ca nhng bi vit c ng ti, c bit l v tnh ng n, tnh thi s v y ca nhng thng tin c cung cp. Nhng bi vit trong Wikipedia ting Vit v lut php v cc ti lin quan u nhm vo mc ch cung cp kin thc ph thng v khng phi l mt t vn v php lut. [sa]Quy

nh ca o

Thng mi in t c iu chnh ti o trc tin l bng Lut Thng mi in t (ECommerce-Gesetz ECG), Lut bn hng t xa (Fernabsatzgesetz), Lut ch k (Signaturgesetz), Lut kim sot nhp hng (Zugangskontrollgesetz) cng nh bng Lut tin in t (E-Geld-Gesetz), m trong cc quy nh php lut v hp ng v bi thng ca b Lut Dn s o (Allgemeine

brgerliche Gesetzbuch - ABGB), nu nh khng c thay i bng nhng quy nh c bit trn, vn c gi tr. [sa]Quy

nh ca c

Nm trong cc iu 312b v sau ca b Lut dn s (Brgerliche Gesetzbuch BGB) (trc y l Lut bn hng t xa) l cc quy nh c bit v nhng ci gi l cc hp ng bn hng t xa. Ngoi nhng vic khc l quy nh v trch nhim thng tin cho ngi bn v quyn bi b hp ng cho ngi tiu dng. Cng trong quan h ny, Lut dch v t xa (Teledienstgesetz) n nh bn cnh nguyn tc nc xut x (iu 4) l ton b cc thng tin m nhng ngi iu hnh cc trang web c tnh cht hnh ngh, mc du ch l doanh nghip nh, c nhim v phi cung cp (iu 6) v iu chnh cc trch nhim ny trong doanh nghip (iu 8 n iu 11). nhng hp ng c k kt trc tuyn thng hay khng r rng l lut no c s dng. Th d nh mt hp ng mua c k kt in t c th l lut ca nc m ngi mua ang c ng, ca nc m ngi bn t tr s hay l nc m my ch c t. Lut php ca kinh doanh in t v th cn c gi l "lut ct ngang". Th nhng nhng iu khng r rng v lut php ny hon ton khng c ngha l lnh vc kinh doanh in t l mt vng khng c lut php. Hn th na, cc quy nh ca Lut dn s quc t (ting Anh: private international law) c p dng ti y. Ti nc c cc quy nh lut l chu u v thng mi c tch hp trong b Lut dn s, trong phn i cng v trong cc quy nh v bo v ngi tiu dng. Mt k thut ca thng mi in t c iu chnh trong Hip nh quc gia v dch v trong cc phng tin truyn thng ca cc tiu bang v trong Lut dch v t xa ca lin bang m tht ra v ni dung th hai b lut ny khng khc bit nhau nhiu. [sa]Quy

nh ca Vit Nam

Thng mi in t l mt lnh vc tng i mi ti Vit Nam. C s php l iu chnh hot ng thng mi in t Vit Nam ra i kh mun so vi nhiu nc trn th gii. Cui nm 2005, Vit Nam mi c "Lut Giao dch in t" v nm 2006 mi ra i Ngh nh hng dn thi hnh lut ny. Ti u nm 2007, Chnh ph Vit Nam ban hnh Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP ngy 23/02/2007 "V giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh", s 26/2007/N-CP ngy 15/02/2007 "Quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Giao dch in t v ch k s v dch v chng thc ch k s", s 35/2007/N-CP ngy 08/03/2007 "V giao dch in t trong hot ng ngn hng". [sa]Phng

din xuyn bin gii

n gin ha thng mi in t xuyn bin gii v bo v ngi tiu dng tham gia, Ch th thng mi in t ca EU (ch th 2000/31/EG) c tha thun nh l c s lut php v cc tiu chun ti thiu cho cng ng chu u.

 n gin ha giao dch, trong Lin minh chu u, nhng quan h n do hp ng mang li, v c bn l c s t do chn la lut l ca cc phi tham gia. Hp ng ca ngi tiu dng, mt trong nhng iu ngoi l, c quy nh l khng c php thng qua vic la chn lut l m v hiu ha vic bo v ngi tiu dng xut pht t nhng quy nh bt buc ca quc gia m ngi tiu dng ang c ng, nu khi trc k kt hp ng c cho mi r rt hay mt qung co trong quc gia ngi tiu dng ang c ng v hot ng. Trong lnh vc B2B thng l lut ca ngi bn c tha thun n gin ha. Vic cng a lut ca quc gia ngi mua vo s dng l phc tp l v nu nh th ngi bn phi i ph vi 25 lut l khc nhau v phn ln li c vit bng ting nc ngoi. Th nhng nguyn tc quc gia xut x cng khng phi l hon ho: Ngi mua thng khng am hiu lut l ca nc khc v v th khng d dng i din c cho quyn li ca mnh. Ngoi ra vic hnh lut ca tng nc thng khc nhau v ngi bn t mt s quc gia nht nh hay c nhiu li th hn so vi nhng ngi khc. Trn l thuyt, mi nc u c kh nng thay i lut l mt cch tng ng y mnh nn kinh t quc gia. Tuy c nhng mt bng ti ny, thng mi trong Internet xuyn quc gia tt nhin cng c nhiu u th. Nhiu mn hng ch c bn trong mt s nc nht nh. Ngi mun mua c th tm c sn phm cn dng trong Internet vi s gip ca cc my truy tm c bit v cng c th so snh gi ca nhng ngi bn trong cc nc khc nhau. Mt phn th khng nhng l gi ca tng nhm sn phm khc nhau m thu gi tr thng d cng cn khc nhau, do mc d l tin gi hng cao hn nhng vic t mua nc ngoi c th mang li nhiu li ch hn. Trong phm vi ca EU ngi mua khng phi ng thu nn ph tn tng cng minh bch cho ngi mua. Ni tm li, thng mi in t xuyn bin gii mc du b ghm li do cn c iu khng chc chn trong php lut nhng c tim nng pht trin ln. Mt b lut thng nht cho chu u quan tm nhiu hn na n li ch ca ngi tiu dng v lu di chc chn s mang li thm nhiu tng trng. [sa]Xem

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